Article(id=1322941003476370083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940829001724376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.267, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1717344000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343314284, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1747238400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343314284, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343314284, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343314284, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940829001724376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='441', pageEnd='550', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1747238400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343272686, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343272686, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=456, endPage=463, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941003744805540, articleId=1322941003476370083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Analysis of Stress Field Characteristics in Changzhi Area of Shanxi Province Based on Focal Mechanism Solutions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article collected seismic waveform data for events of magnitude ML≥2.0 in Changzhi, Shanxi province, and its surrounding areas since 2009. The focal mechanisms of these events were determined using the Snoke first motion polarity and amplitude ratio method. Ultimately, 42 focal mechanisms were obtained for natural earthquakes with ML≥2.4 and RMS≤ 0.45, alongside 6 for non-natural earthquakes. The results indicate that the focal mechanisms of natural earthquakes in the study area are predominantly strike-slip and normal strike-slip, primarily influenced by NEE-SWW compression and NNW-SSE extension. The Changzhi basin exhibits a complex and unique local stress field characterized by a nearly NS-oriented T-axes direction. The P-axes along the Wenwangshan fault follow an NEE-SWW orientation, while in other regions, NE-SW is the dominant direction, showing good consistency in fault plane solutions and high dip angles. The study also explores the focal mechanisms of non-natural earthquakes in the region. Mining-induced earthquakes are mostly normal faulting, while collapse events are reverse faulting. The stress axis characteristics of these non-natural events exhibit significant deviations, with the P-axes or T-axes showing large rotations and the angles between the two axes are about 180°, which is distinctly different from the natural earthquakes where the P-axis/T-axis are nearly perpendicular. These features can assist in distinguishing between different types of earthquakes.

, authors=Chunli DONG1, 2, Wenfeng GUO1, 2, Daye DING1, 2, Xuewen DING1, 2, authorsList=Chunli DONG, Wenfeng GUO, Daye DING, Xuewen DING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

DONG Chunli, senior engineer, majors in earthquake cataloging and digital earthquake application, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is prohibited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941007788114622, articleId=1322941003476370083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=基于震源机制解分析山西长治地区应力场特征, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

收集山西长治及周边地区2009年以来ML≥2.0地震事件的波形数据, 利用Snoke初动符号加振幅比方法计算其震源机制解, 最终获得其中ML≥2.4且RMS≤0.45的42条天然地震和6条非天然地震的震源机制解。结果显示, 研究区天然地震震源类型以走滑和正走滑型为主, 主要受NEE-SWW向挤压和NNW-SSE向拉张作用; 长治盆地区具有复杂而独特的小区域应力场特征, T轴近NS向, P轴沿文王山断裂为NEE-SWW向, 其他区域以NE-SW为优势方向, 并显示出震源节面具有较好的一致性和高倾角特征。探讨研究区内非天然地震的震源机制, 发现矿山诱发地震多为正断型, 塌陷为逆断型, 其应力轴特征表现出P轴或T轴的大幅偏转, 两轴夹角约180°, 与天然地震的P轴和T轴接近垂直存在明显不同, 这些特征可辅助判识地震类型。

, authors=董春丽1, 2, 郭文峰1, 2, 丁大业1, 2, 丁学文1, 2, authorsList=董春丽, 郭文峰, 丁大业, 丁学文, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

董春丽, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震编目和数字地震应用研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权,不得转载。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=MCy3bvU+FAnhL/hgwSE75Q==, magXml=JrppsKbgqU0vjzwkZHwQlw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=yQzdzzmNt7r1HF0w4qKEtA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=eqE8Xy3E/J7jBofUQ8LRJQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322941008400483018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=nzy2001@126.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322941008496952014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, authorId=1322941008400483018, language=EN, stringName=Chunli DONG, firstName=Chunli, middleName=null, lastName=DONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan, Jinci Town, Taiyuan 030025, China
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figureFileSmall=ZCLeyhxubWSX1w+6K+gUhw==, figureFileBig=MVceG+VUwtnfmeFme1EkMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941015979590410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Focal mechanism solution parameters of 48 earthquakes with ML≥2.4 in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 发震时间 震级ML 节面Ⅰ P轴 T轴 B轴 震源类型
年-月-日 时: 分 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°)
1 2009-05-07 16:56 2.6 134 75 -48 85 44 194 19 301 40 NS
2 2010-03-04 14:04 2.5 175 85 85 269 40 79 50 175 5 U
3 2010-03-19 00:52 2.8 128 70 -52 80 50 191 16 293 35 NS
4 2011-04-21 00:15 3.7 301 38 36 248 17 132 54 348 30 TF
5 2011-06-20 05:49 2.5 140 7 45 91 40 281 50 185 5 U
6 2011-08-02 19:57 4.2 76 88 30 206 19 304 23 80 60 SS
★ 81 86 40 207 20 312 30 85 50 SS
7 2011-09-30 08:07 3.6 125 71 -47 78 46 185 15 288 40 NS
8 2011-12-27 22:50 2.6 105 71 -47 59 46 165 15 268 40 NS
9 2012-06-10 03:27 2.6 312 75 13 265 2 175 20 0 70 SS
10 2012-11-30 19:15 2.7 108 72 64 217 23 344 55 116 25 TF
11 2012-12-07 08:02 2.8 308 69 -41 265 43 5 11 106 45 NS
12 2013-03-19 03:46 3.0 304 76 32 71 11 169 33 325 55 SS
13 2013-07-13 23:14 2.7 287 80 80 26 34 185 54 289 10 TF
14 2013-07-20 04:35 3.3 284 60 -3 244 23 146 19 20 60 SS
15 2015-08-15 20:19 2.5 317 71 47 77 15 183 46 334 40 TS
16 2016-02-18 22:00 3.5 280 70 -52 233 50 344 16 85 35 NS
17 2016-03-31 15:33 2.4 335 79 33 102 14 201 31 351 55 SS
18 2016-04-23 07:49 2.4 116 78 9 71 3 340 15 171 75 SS
19 2016-08-06 07:12 2.4 116 77 -8 72 14 341 4 237 75 SS
20 2016-08-06 12:37 3.5 257 64 -44 217 49 316 8 52 40 NS
21 2016-08-24 18:20 2.7 209 55 30 157 7 60 44 254 45 TS
22 2017-12-14 18:32 2.7 325 54 -20 292 37 192 13 86 50 SS
23 2018-01-03 16:07 3.3 139 76 5 94 6 3 14 208 75 SS
24 2018-04-24 00:35 2.4 299 86 60 55 34 181 42 302 30 U
25 2018-10-11 07:16 3.6 102 33 -24 90 49 327 26 221 30 U
26 2019-04-05 13:16 2.7 97 74 -20 54 25 145 2 240 65 SS
27 2019-06-20 16:24 3.0 119 64 -44 80 49 178 8 275 40 NS
28 2019-12-15 01:32 2.8 74 76 69 181 28 319 54 79 20 TF
29 2020-01-01 02:40 2.4 297 53 -65 266 69 9 5 101 20 NF
30 2020-03-18 04:06 3.2 262 73 -42 216 42 319 14 64 45 NS
31 2020-11-13 00:35 2.9 122 81 11 76 1 345 15 161 75 SS
32 2021-04-26 19:29 2.4 303 85 80 43 39 203 49 304 10 U
33 2021-05-24 15:31 3.0 124 78 -22 80 24 172 6 276 65 SS
34 2021-08-06 21:18 3.5 108 79 49 228 23 340 42 118 40 TS
35 2021-09-24 18:34 2.6 270 15 0 255 43 105 43 0 15 U
36 2022-03-17 23:30 2.5 249 35 -7 223 39 104 32 348 35 U
37 2022-04-01 22:01 2.5 192 21 -13 184 46 42 37 296 20 U
38 2022-05-12 04:35 3.2 98 63 -37 60 45 154 4 247 45 NS
39 2022-11-17 16:21 3.2 127 42 67 53 5 305 74 144 15 TF
40 2022-11-17 20:18 3.2 126 80 -85 42 55 212 35 305 5 NF
41 2022-12-29 00:49 3.0 255 80 -90 165 55 345 35 75 0 NF
42 2023-01-19 21:20 2.6 57 70 -79 344 63 139 25 233 10 NF
43 2010-06-30 08:23 3.1 325 80 -90 235 55 55 35 145 0 NF
44 2016-08-07 09:32 2.7 359 80 85 94 35 263 55 0 5 TF
45 2017-08-17 00:41 2.7 145 55 90 235 10 55 80 145 0 TF
46 2018-01-13 09:26 2.5 85 41 -75 100 79 344 5 254 10 NF
47 2020-04-06 18:48 2.7 90 45 83 185 0 275 85 95 5 TF
48 2020-09-10 10:43 3.0 35 80 -80 317 54 116 34 213 10 NF
), ArticleFig(id=1322941016315134731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区48次ML≥2.4地震事件的震源机制解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 发震时间 震级ML 节面Ⅰ P轴 T轴 B轴 震源类型
年-月-日 时: 分 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°) 方位/(°) 倾角/(°)
1 2009-05-07 16:56 2.6 134 75 -48 85 44 194 19 301 40 NS
2 2010-03-04 14:04 2.5 175 85 85 269 40 79 50 175 5 U
3 2010-03-19 00:52 2.8 128 70 -52 80 50 191 16 293 35 NS
4 2011-04-21 00:15 3.7 301 38 36 248 17 132 54 348 30 TF
5 2011-06-20 05:49 2.5 140 7 45 91 40 281 50 185 5 U
6 2011-08-02 19:57 4.2 76 88 30 206 19 304 23 80 60 SS
★ 81 86 40 207 20 312 30 85 50 SS
7 2011-09-30 08:07 3.6 125 71 -47 78 46 185 15 288 40 NS
8 2011-12-27 22:50 2.6 105 71 -47 59 46 165 15 268 40 NS
9 2012-06-10 03:27 2.6 312 75 13 265 2 175 20 0 70 SS
10 2012-11-30 19:15 2.7 108 72 64 217 23 344 55 116 25 TF
11 2012-12-07 08:02 2.8 308 69 -41 265 43 5 11 106 45 NS
12 2013-03-19 03:46 3.0 304 76 32 71 11 169 33 325 55 SS
13 2013-07-13 23:14 2.7 287 80 80 26 34 185 54 289 10 TF
14 2013-07-20 04:35 3.3 284 60 -3 244 23 146 19 20 60 SS
15 2015-08-15 20:19 2.5 317 71 47 77 15 183 46 334 40 TS
16 2016-02-18 22:00 3.5 280 70 -52 233 50 344 16 85 35 NS
17 2016-03-31 15:33 2.4 335 79 33 102 14 201 31 351 55 SS
18 2016-04-23 07:49 2.4 116 78 9 71 3 340 15 171 75 SS
19 2016-08-06 07:12 2.4 116 77 -8 72 14 341 4 237 75 SS
20 2016-08-06 12:37 3.5 257 64 -44 217 49 316 8 52 40 NS
21 2016-08-24 18:20 2.7 209 55 30 157 7 60 44 254 45 TS
22 2017-12-14 18:32 2.7 325 54 -20 292 37 192 13 86 50 SS
23 2018-01-03 16:07 3.3 139 76 5 94 6 3 14 208 75 SS
24 2018-04-24 00:35 2.4 299 86 60 55 34 181 42 302 30 U
25 2018-10-11 07:16 3.6 102 33 -24 90 49 327 26 221 30 U
26 2019-04-05 13:16 2.7 97 74 -20 54 25 145 2 240 65 SS
27 2019-06-20 16:24 3.0 119 64 -44 80 49 178 8 275 40 NS
28 2019-12-15 01:32 2.8 74 76 69 181 28 319 54 79 20 TF
29 2020-01-01 02:40 2.4 297 53 -65 266 69 9 5 101 20 NF
30 2020-03-18 04:06 3.2 262 73 -42 216 42 319 14 64 45 NS
31 2020-11-13 00:35 2.9 122 81 11 76 1 345 15 161 75 SS
32 2021-04-26 19:29 2.4 303 85 80 43 39 203 49 304 10 U
33 2021-05-24 15:31 3.0 124 78 -22 80 24 172 6 276 65 SS
34 2021-08-06 21:18 3.5 108 79 49 228 23 340 42 118 40 TS
35 2021-09-24 18:34 2.6 270 15 0 255 43 105 43 0 15 U
36 2022-03-17 23:30 2.5 249 35 -7 223 39 104 32 348 35 U
37 2022-04-01 22:01 2.5 192 21 -13 184 46 42 37 296 20 U
38 2022-05-12 04:35 3.2 98 63 -37 60 45 154 4 247 45 NS
39 2022-11-17 16:21 3.2 127 42 67 53 5 305 74 144 15 TF
40 2022-11-17 20:18 3.2 126 80 -85 42 55 212 35 305 5 NF
41 2022-12-29 00:49 3.0 255 80 -90 165 55 345 35 75 0 NF
42 2023-01-19 21:20 2.6 57 70 -79 344 63 139 25 233 10 NF
43 2010-06-30 08:23 3.1 325 80 -90 235 55 55 35 145 0 NF
44 2016-08-07 09:32 2.7 359 80 85 94 35 263 55 0 5 TF
45 2017-08-17 00:41 2.7 145 55 90 235 10 55 80 145 0 TF
46 2018-01-13 09:26 2.5 85 41 -75 100 79 344 5 254 10 NF
47 2020-04-06 18:48 2.7 90 45 83 185 0 275 85 95 5 TF
48 2020-09-10 10:43 3.0 35 80 -80 317 54 116 34 213 10 NF
), ArticleFig(id=1322941016524849933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Stress regime characterization based on plunge(pl) of P, B and T axes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倾角震源类型
P轴 B轴 T轴
pl≥52° pl≤35° NF(正断)
40°≤pl<52° pl≤20° NS(正走滑)
pl<40° pl≥45° pl≤20° SS(走滑)
pl≤20° pl≥45° pl<40° SS(走滑)
pl≤20° 40°≤pl<52° TS(逆走滑)
pl≤35° pl≥52° TF(逆断)
), ArticleFig(id=1322941016713593614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于P、B、T轴倾角的应力类型判断

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
倾角震源类型
P轴 B轴 T轴
pl≥52° pl≤35° NF(正断)
40°≤pl<52° pl≤20° NS(正走滑)
pl<40° pl≥45° pl≤20° SS(走滑)
pl≤20° pl≥45° pl<40° SS(走滑)
pl≤20° 40°≤pl<52° TS(逆走滑)
pl≤35° pl≥52° TF(逆断)
), ArticleFig(id=1322941016914920209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Statistics of focal types of 48 earthquakes in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
震源类型 天然地震 非天然地震频次
频次 类型比例/%
NF(正断型) 4 9.52 3
NS(正走滑型) 10 23.81
SS(走滑型) 12 28.57
TF(逆断型) 5 11.91 3
TS(逆走滑型) 3 7.14
U(不确定型) 8 19.05
合计 42 100.00 6
), ArticleFig(id=1322941017137218322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322941003476370083, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

研究区48次地震震源类型统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
震源类型 天然地震 非天然地震频次
频次 类型比例/%
NF(正断型) 4 9.52 3
NS(正走滑型) 10 23.81
SS(走滑型) 12 28.57
TF(逆断型) 5 11.91 3
TS(逆走滑型) 3 7.14
U(不确定型) 8 19.05
合计 42 100.00 6
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基于震源机制解分析山西长治地区应力场特征
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董春丽 1, 2 , 郭文峰 1, 2 , 丁大业 1, 2 , 丁学文 1, 2
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(5): 456-463
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (5) : 456 -463
基于震源机制解分析山西长治地区应力场特征
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2 Shanxi Earthquake Agency, 69 Second Section of Jinci Road, Taiyuan 030021, China, bio={"content":"

DONG Chunli, senior engineer, majors in earthquake cataloging and digital earthquake application, E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

DONG Chunli, senior engineer, majors in earthquake cataloging and digital earthquake application, E-mail:

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2 山西省地震局, 太原市晋祠路二段69号, 030021, bio={"content":"

董春丽, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震编目和数字地震应用研究, E-mail:

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董春丽, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震编目和数字地震应用研究, E-mail:

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董春丽1, 2 , 郭文峰1, 2, 丁大业1, 2, 丁学文1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 太原市晋祠镇, 030025
  • 2 山西省地震局, 太原市晋祠路二段69号, 030021
作者简介:

董春丽, 高级工程师, 主要从事地震编目和数字地震应用研究, E-mail:

Analysis of Stress Field Characteristics in Changzhi Area of Shanxi Province Based on Focal Mechanism Solutions
Chunli DONG1, 2 , Wenfeng GUO1, 2, Daye DING1, 2, Xuewen DING1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan, Jinci Town, Taiyuan 030025, China
  • 2 Shanxi Earthquake Agency, 69 Second Section of Jinci Road, Taiyuan 030021, China
  • DONG Chunli, senior engineer, majors in earthquake cataloging and digital earthquake application, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-05-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.267
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收集山西长治及周边地区2009年以来ML≥2.0地震事件的波形数据, 利用Snoke初动符号加振幅比方法计算其震源机制解, 最终获得其中ML≥2.4且RMS≤0.45的42条天然地震和6条非天然地震的震源机制解。结果显示, 研究区天然地震震源类型以走滑和正走滑型为主, 主要受NEE-SWW向挤压和NNW-SSE向拉张作用; 长治盆地区具有复杂而独特的小区域应力场特征, T轴近NS向, P轴沿文王山断裂为NEE-SWW向, 其他区域以NE-SW为优势方向, 并显示出震源节面具有较好的一致性和高倾角特征。探讨研究区内非天然地震的震源机制, 发现矿山诱发地震多为正断型, 塌陷为逆断型, 其应力轴特征表现出P轴或T轴的大幅偏转, 两轴夹角约180°, 与天然地震的P轴和T轴接近垂直存在明显不同, 这些特征可辅助判识地震类型。

震源机制解  /  长治盆地  /  构造应力场

This article collected seismic waveform data for events of magnitude ML≥2.0 in Changzhi, Shanxi province, and its surrounding areas since 2009. The focal mechanisms of these events were determined using the Snoke first motion polarity and amplitude ratio method. Ultimately, 42 focal mechanisms were obtained for natural earthquakes with ML≥2.4 and RMS≤ 0.45, alongside 6 for non-natural earthquakes. The results indicate that the focal mechanisms of natural earthquakes in the study area are predominantly strike-slip and normal strike-slip, primarily influenced by NEE-SWW compression and NNW-SSE extension. The Changzhi basin exhibits a complex and unique local stress field characterized by a nearly NS-oriented T-axes direction. The P-axes along the Wenwangshan fault follow an NEE-SWW orientation, while in other regions, NE-SW is the dominant direction, showing good consistency in fault plane solutions and high dip angles. The study also explores the focal mechanisms of non-natural earthquakes in the region. Mining-induced earthquakes are mostly normal faulting, while collapse events are reverse faulting. The stress axis characteristics of these non-natural events exhibit significant deviations, with the P-axes or T-axes showing large rotations and the angles between the two axes are about 180°, which is distinctly different from the natural earthquakes where the P-axis/T-axis are nearly perpendicular. These features can assist in distinguishing between different types of earthquakes.

focal mechanism solution  /  Changzhi basin  /  tectonic stress field
董春丽, 郭文峰, 丁大业, 丁学文. 基于震源机制解分析山西长治地区应力场特征. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (5) : 456 -463 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.267
Chunli DONG, Wenfeng GUO, Daye DING, Xuewen DING. Analysis of Stress Field Characteristics in Changzhi Area of Shanxi Province Based on Focal Mechanism Solutions[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (5) : 456 -463 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.267
震源机制解作为地震学研究的基本参数,是研究区域构造应力的基础[1],可直观反映发震断层的运动学和空间几何特征[2],也可用来研究震源破裂机理[3]、判断地震震源破裂类型[4]、识别地震事件类型[4]等。区域内中小地震震源机制解的总体特征在一定程度上能够代表区域构造应力场的方向[1]。分析震源机制类型和震源应力方向的差异,有助于研究地震动力来源,提高地震类型判识的准确性。
众多学者通过分析不同时段中小地震震源机制解[1, 5-9],对包含长治区域在内的应力场进行研究,普遍认为长治地区应力场较为复杂,但对于其复杂性和小范围的局部差异尚未进行深入探讨。随着数字台网子台日益加密,积累了大量连续可靠的波形数据,加上近年来长治区域ML2.0以上地震事件有所增多,为更细致、全面地研究长治区应力场提供了新的契机。
本文通过计算2009年以来长治地区地震动事件的震源机制解,获得区域地壳应力场特征,并分析震源类型。
研究区位于太行山断块隆起区,该隆起区介于汾渭断陷带与华北平原裂陷盆地之间(图1)。在太行山隆起背景上,发育一些断裂及受断裂控制、呈孤立状态的小型断陷盆地,如晋获断裂和长治盆地等,是该隆起上新构造运动相对活跃的新构造单元。
晋获断裂带是在太行隆起区基底软弱带基础上发育起来的一条区域性断裂带,延伸350 km,总体走向NNE(5°~10°),倾向以NWW为主,倾角60°~80°,由多条平行或雁行排列的断裂组成,构造活动及变形强度沿走向表现出明显的分段特征[10]。其中段为长治境内黎城县以南至长治县的庄头断层;西侧被新生代活动的长治正断层所改造,该段的挤压逆冲变形主要处于较浅层次的脆性变形环境[11]。晋获断裂带的中、新生代构造活动,对煤田构造格局形成和演化、煤系赋存状况具有重要的控制作用。煤矿区构造是该区域构造格局中的有机组成部分,浅层次盖层变形与深部构造和物质运动之间存在着紧密的联系[10]。
长治断层是长治断陷盆地的主干断裂,控制着长治盆地的发育,位于长治盆地的东缘,北起长治市潞城区合室乡,向南延伸至高平境内,长约55 km,断层总体走向NE25°,倾向NW295°,倾角70°,垂直断距在130~500 m,为高角度正断层[12]。
长治断陷盆地是沿NNE向长治断裂发育形成的半地堑式断陷盆地,整体呈三角形。其北界、东界受断裂控制,走向NNE,长约80 km,宽约50 km,盆地海拔高度900~930 m。盆地内沉降中心位于长治市附近,基底埋深280 m。向西和北方向,基底埋深逐渐变浅并发生掀斜,形成箕状结构。基底上方的地层从上第三系延伸至第四系全新统[13]。在长治盆地东部,发育一些规模较小的NE向和NW向断裂,是长治断裂的伴生构造,这些断裂大多位于盆地内,呈隐伏状态。盆地内的断裂主要分为NNE至NEE、NW和近SN向3组,其中文王山地垒位于长治盆地北缘,是长治盆地与榆社-武乡盆地之间的横向隆起区。该隆起呈NEE走向,东西长26 km,南北宽2 km,受南北两侧断裂控制。文王山地垒南侧断裂走向NE70°~80°,倾向SE,倾角70°,垂直断距230~400 m[13]。
研究中小地震震源机制解的方法包括Snoke初动符号加振幅比法[14](简称Snoke方法)、CAP波形反演法[15-16](简称CAP方法)等。CAP方法利用全波形反演,含有更多的震源信息,但对数据信噪比要求高,对M≥3.0地震较适用[17];Snoke方法需要更多初动记录清晰的近台数据,震级适用范围更宽泛。考虑到长治地震以M<3.0地震为主,区内近台、子台架设在山区基岩上,体波震相突出,初动清晰,波形记录信噪比高,使用Snoke方法求解震源机制解更适合。另采用CAP方法计算研究区内地震,以验证结果的可靠性。本次计算采用IASPEI91速度模型。
为确保本次研究计算结果的质量,遵循如下原则:1)确保所用子台垂向通道记录初动方向正确;2)选取震相记录清楚、信噪比高、震中距200 km内初动尖锐清晰的台站;3)包围震中要好,张角尽可能小;4)由地震分析经验丰富的人员全部重新人工精准标注每个地震初动方向、震相名称及其到时,规范量取100 km范围内近台Pg、Sg波最大振幅,避免因人为识别差异带来的影响;5)计算震源机制解,初动符号数不低于15条,且设置矛盾符号数为0,选振幅比残差最小的计算结果为最终结果。
本文研究范围为35.5°~37.0°N、112.0°~114.0°E(图1虚线矩形框),从研究区内选取2009-01-2023-08山西台网记录的ML≥2.0和邻省ML≥3.0地震进行计算。
最终选取RMS≤0.45的48次地震(震中分布见图1)的震源机制解(表1)用于长治地区应力场特征的研究,其中含42次天然地震和6次非天然地震。震级分段为:ML≥4.0共1次,3.0≤ML<4.0共18次(含非天然地震2次),2.4≤ML<3.0共29次(含非天然地震4次)。由图1可见,这些天然地震多沿构造发生,其中长治盆地内地震主要沿文王山断裂呈NEE向线性展布;长治盆地西侧地震多集中在靠近临汾盆地东边界NNE向霍山控盆断裂附近的沁源区;非天然地震多发生在长治盆地南端的上党区和晋城高平一带,以及文王山沿线的屯留区,均表现为窝状丛集。
将42次天然地震震源机制解P、T、B应力轴参数和节面参数,分别以每10°为单位进行归一频数计算,绘制其玫瑰图(图2)。
从图2可知,P轴优势方向为NEE-SWW;T轴优势方向为NNW至NS向;B轴方位整体上较分散,显示出2个微弱的应力优势方向,为NW310°~320°和NEE80°~90°。P轴倾角优势范围为40°~50°,T轴倾角优势范围为10°~20°,二者应力轴倾角分布均<50°,说明研究区受近水平的挤压和水平拉张作用为主;B轴倾角优势范围为40°~50°。本文结果与其他学者的结论比较接近[5-8],与沁水盆地东部和顺-长治一带现今构造应力场[18]较吻合。总体上,研究区应力场继承了该区第三纪至第四纪以来的构造应力场特征。震源机制解节面显示出较为一致的走向,节面Ⅰ优势走向为NW-SE向,节面Ⅱ为NNE-SSW向,节面Ⅱ与同区域主要山体及构造的走向较一致。节面Ⅰ倾角优势在70°~80°;节面Ⅱ倾角优势在80°~90°,其次是40°~60°,二者均以高倾角为主,这与区域内断层的高角度倾角特征吻合。
根据文献[19],将震源类型分为6种(表2)。从表3可知,42次天然地震以走滑型、正走滑型为主,二者比例超52%;其次是逆断型、正断型和逆走滑型,三者均在10%左右;不确定型约为19%。详细查看8次不确定型地震,发现7次震级范围在ML2.4~2.6。尽管如此,这些地震的主应力方向与较大震级地震的应力方向基本一致,意味着最大水平应力的方位还是有较好的约束,鉴于本文严格的计算约束条件,认为这些震源机制还是具备一定的参考价值。
本研究得到震源类型以走滑错动类型为主、正断型较少的结果,与同期研究区西侧的山西断陷带[1, 6, 20]和东侧华北平原区[1, 9]震源类型都以正断型和走滑型为主,且正断型多于走滑型的结果存在较大差异,与研究区以正断型为主的断裂构造也不相符。研究区内长治台钻孔体应变2015-06以来的观测数据(图3)显示,该区域处于压性环境,这与研究区震源类型多为走滑型和逆断型相符。由此说明本次震源机制解计算结果可较好地反映研究区有着不同于山西地堑与华北平原区域的应力环境,具有其独特的地壳应力场格局。
同时,研究区内走滑错断震源类型居多,可能既与区域内断裂构造多为高角度断层有关,又与现今煤业开采活动有关。这些断层区域内近年来大量抽采煤层气,使用高压致裂技术注入水或别的液体,流体的不断渗透,起到润滑剂作用,降低了断层面的摩察系数,减小了断层面对正应力的抗压和抗剪能力,震源区受到较小的应力扰动,即可导致浅部断层发生走滑错动。
图1显示,研究区内ML≥2.4地震分布不均,主要集中在靠近临汾盆地的沁源-介休一带、长治盆地和豫北辉县一带。与此对应,这些地震震源机制解应力轴空间水平投影展布同样具有明显的分区特征,图4中P轴(图4(a))为蓝色,T轴(图4(b))为红色,线段长短与它们的仰角有关,当仰角为0°时(平行于水平面)线段最长,仰角为90°时(垂直于地表)投影为一个点,图4(c)中2轴交点即为地震震中位置。
图4显示:1)张应力轴和压应力轴的夹角大多数接近正交。2)距离晋获断裂带较远的沁源-介休和豫北地区,P轴以NE向为主,T轴以NW向为主,与山西断陷带和华北区域的主应力方向基本一致[1, 5-9, 20]。3)晋获断裂带中南段旁侧的长治盆地应力轴走向较复杂,表现出沿文王山地垒P轴呈NEE向,与文王山地垒走向高度一致;盆地中心附近区域P轴NE向较多,与长治盆地走向一致;同时存在零星NNW向和NWW向,表现出P轴方向的多样性。T轴走向整体近NS向,在靠近晋获断裂带北段与中段错断的端部周缘,显示有NNW向,其他以NNE向为主。总体来看,长治盆地应力场格局与其外围区域不同[9]。
为进一步验证计算结果的可靠性,利用CAP方法反演古县ML4.2地震(表1中五角星行)。由表1可知,2种方法计算结果非常接近。由CAP方法反演地震波形拟合图(图5(a))和深度拟合图(图5(b))可以看出,波形拟合和深度拟合都较理想。由CAP方法沙滩球(图5(c))和Snoke方法沙滩球(图5(d))可以看出,2种方法所得震源类型均为走滑型。由此证明本文Snoke方法计算结果可靠。另外,上节通过震源机制解分析得到的应力场结果,与前人通过对晋获断裂带附近不同时期共轭节理及其反映的构造应力场[21]、太行南麓断裂构造节理统计及野外构造观测点获得的应力场分析结果[22]基本相同,一定程度上可佐证本次研究计算震源机制结果的可靠性。
6次非天然地震中,2次塌陷(表1中序号45和47)位于屯留,4次(序号43、44、46和48)矿山诱发地震(简称矿震)集中在长治上党-晋城高平一带。非天然地震震中附近,也多发生天然地震,尤其沿文王山地垒南侧地震占本次研究区内地震总数的38%。为此,从震源机制解节面和应力轴参数2个方面分析本区域不同地震类型震源节面和应力轴走向的特点。考虑到上述ML2.6以下小震级地震对节面参数的约束有限,选取其中ML≥2.6地震事件绘制震中分布(图6中的虚线框A和B)和展示对应的沙滩球图(图6中虚线框A′和B′),震中序号、沙滩球球顶数字序号与表3地震序号对应。图中沙滩球的深色区为膨胀区,白色区为压缩区,带箭头线段表示该地震事件张应力轴方向,不带箭头线段表示压应力轴方向。
从A′框中的13次地震事件的震源机制解沙滩球可以看到,震源机制解的2组节面中,一组近NEE向,与文王山断裂走向大体一致,另一组近NW向,二者均有较好一致性;B′框震源机制解显示,存在一组近NS向节面。这3组不同方向的节面与区域内构造显示的共轭节理方向基本配套[20],反映出研究区经历了多次不同时期构造运动,地壳遭受强烈变形,同时构造演化的结果也决定了煤矿开采区块划分的主要分界线[23]。
A′框中T轴近NS向,一致性较好,P轴稳定性相对差,存在一定幅度的偏转,偏转幅度较大的是序号13、28、45和47的地震,其震中集中分布在屯留及附近;B′框中天然地震(序号4)应力轴方向与区域应力场方向一致,而非天然地震显示,P轴与天然地震较为一致,T轴变化幅度则相对大,这与A′框情形有所不同。同时看到,非天然地震的张应力轴或压应力轴发生方向突变,二者夹角约180°或发生反转,说明震源区常态保持平衡的应力受到扰动。这些现象,一是可能与其特殊的地质构造环境关系密切:长治断陷盆地由断裂构造大致围成三角形状,NEE向文王山地垒与NNE向晋获断裂形成夹持,坚硬的基岩与盆地内松软的覆盖层之间介质差异较大,夹持区承受来自区域NEE向的挤压作用,容易在小尺度同向的文王山地垒形成应力的集中;而B框地震处于三角顶点部位,受周围的挤压作用影响相对小。二是长治盆地是国家重要的产煤基地,也是近年来国家煤层气生产基地,非天然地震集中区也是煤层气抽采区,液压致裂频繁,流体逐渐渗透,易引起文王山地垒断层活化[24]。且因地质构造的原因,矿区地应力场从北到南变化较大,呈现多变形态[23],在垂直应力升高区和降低区可导致不同类型的微震发生:在应力增强区域,以重力作用为主导时,易发生塌陷地震;以水平应力为主导时,多引发矿震或浅源构造地震。三是从非天然地震的震源类型来看,2次塌陷均为逆断型,这是符合实际的。而4次矿震中有3次为正断型,此比例远高于天然地震正断型比例,经查阅同时段震源附近百余千米内地震活动情况发现,在数小时至数日内,矿震附近均有ML3.0左右地震发生(天然地震与非天然地震准同步成对(成组)发生的事件在山西多地都有类似震例),说明非天然地震多发部位是应力敏感区,受周围较小的应力变化或扰动,即可触发地震事件而释放能量;非天然地震应力轴方向的变化,即是受到拉张或挤压应力作用的具体表现和印证。
综合上述震源机制解节面的一致性、震源类型和不同地震类型应力轴的表现认为,震源机制解结果较准确客观地反映出了长治区地震事件发生的应力背景状况。
1) 本次研究选取ML≥2.0地震,利用Snoke初动符号加振幅比方法计算震源机制解。初步分析计算结果,部分ML2.4以下地震出现震源机制解多解、不唯一的现象,而ML≥2.4地震基本可获得唯一解,这说明研究区低震级事件从台站分布、可用记录等对震源机制解的约束有限。为此,本文最终选取2009年以来长治盆地及周缘ML≥2.4且RMS≤0.45的48次地震事件(含42次天然地震和6次非天然地震)的震源机制解进行计算。结果显示,这些地震震源类型以走滑型和正走滑型为主,主要受NEE-SWW向挤压和NNW-SSE向拉张作用,具有统一的高倾角特征。
2) 位于太行山隆起的长治地区地震的不同震源类型占比特征,与使用同方法和计算要求获得的山西断陷带地震震源类型比例有明显差异。研究区周缘的山西断陷带38°N以南,314次2.4≤ML<5.2天然地震震源类型分区域研究结果显示,太原盆地、临汾盆地和运城盆地均为正断型比例最高,尤其太原盆地正断型比例远高于其南部的临汾盆地和运城盆地。临汾盆地与长治区横向相邻,其逆断层类型在本区域的占比与长治区相近,且均显著高于太原盆地和运城盆地。这些现象较清晰地反映出太行隆起区与山西断陷盆地区的应力环境存在差异,“S”型展布的山西断陷带中南部不同部位的太原、临汾、运城3个盆地,局部应力环境也有所不同。表明山西地区不同构造区现今地壳所受应力场作用的差异性[20]。
3) 震源应力轴空间分布显示,P轴和T轴的走向具有分区性,研究区东西两侧应力轴走向与华北平原和山西断陷带应力场接近,靠近晋获断裂带的长治盆地表现出复杂而独特的小区域应力环境,整体上表现出P轴方向与附近构造走向基本一致的特征。
4) 沿文王山地垒地震多发,其震源机制解2个节面表现出较好的一致性,其中一个节面与该断裂走向保持基本一致;应力轴走向表现为T轴近NS向、P轴NEE向的高度一致。这明显有别于其他区域应力场。
5) 研究区天然地震和非天然地震震中交织在一起,天然地震沿构造展布,非天然地震多呈现窝状。从震源机制解结果来看,该区天然地震的张应力T轴和压应力P轴方向基本接近正交,而非天然地震的这2个应力轴表现出在背景应力的基础上,P轴或T轴的大幅偏转,致夹角呈约180°,亦或2个应力轴的方向相对于天然地震直接反转。这表明受外力扰动打破非天然地震震源区保持的原有应力平衡,当以重力作用为主导时,易发生塌陷地震;以水平应力为主导时,多引发矿震或矿区周围浅源构造地震。这些特征可在判识地震类型时作为辅助参考指标。
  • 太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站项目(NORSTY2021-06)
  • 中国地震局震情跟踪定向工作任务(2024010115)
  • 山西省地震局项目(SBK-2220)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.06.267
  • 接收时间:2024-06-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03
基金
Project of National Continental Rift Valley Dynamics Observatory of Taiyuan(NORSTY2021-06)
太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站项目(NORSTY2021-06)
The Earthquake Tracking Task of CEA(2024010115)
中国地震局震情跟踪定向工作任务(2024010115)
Project of Shanxi Earthquake Agency(SBK-2220)
山西省地震局项目(SBK-2220)
作者信息
    1 太原大陆裂谷动力学国家野外科学观测研究站, 太原市晋祠镇, 030025
    2 山西省地震局, 太原市晋祠路二段69号, 030021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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