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Article(id=1322940810081206899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322940717152215106, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.229, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1715529600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343268175, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343268175, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343268175, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343268175, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322940717152215106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='331', pageEnd='440', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1744646400000', pubDateStr='2025-04-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343246019, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343246019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=339, endPage=343, 391, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322940810454499956, articleId=1322940810081206899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Quantitative Analysis between Observation Duration and BDS Deformation Monitoring Performance, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on 26 496 BDS monitoring sequences with various observation durations in 2023, we establish quantitative function expressions relating the availability rate, monitoring precision of BDS results to observation duration. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the availability rate of monitoring results and observation duration, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.73 for six monitoring stations. The monitoring precision in N, E, U directions exhibit significant negative correlations with observation duration, with correlation coefficients of -0.83, -0.90, and -0.77, respectively. To ensure high timeliness, high availability rate (>95%), and high precision (horizontal precision better than 3 mm, vertical precision better than 5 mm), an optimal observation duration of 3 hours is recommended.

, authors=Yu TANG1, Junbo SHI1, *, Cheng HOU1, Jiming GUO1, Jingui ZOU1, authorsList=Yu TANG, Junbo SHI, Cheng HOU, Jiming GUO, Jingui ZOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junbo SHI, authorNote=

TANG Yu, postgraduate, majors in GNSS deformation monitoring, E-mail:

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基于2023年26 496个不同观测时长的北斗监测序列，构建北斗监测结果可用率、监测精度与观测时长的定量函数表达式。结果表明：1) 监测结果可用率与观测时长存在明显的正相关，6个监测点的平均相关系数为0.73；N、E、U方向的监测精度与观测时长存在明显的负相关，相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.90和-0.77。2)为保证监测结果的高时效、高可用率(>95%)和高精度(平面优于3 mm、高程优于5 mm)，建议最佳观测时长为3 h。

, authors=唐雨1, 史俊波1, *, 侯诚1, 郭际明1, 邹进贵1, authorsList=唐雨, 史俊波, 侯诚, 郭际明, 邹进贵, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=史俊波, authorNote=

唐雨, 硕士生, 主要从事GNSS变形监测研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

史俊波, 博士, 教授, 主要从事GNSS高精度定位研究, E-mail:

SHI Junbo, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS high-precision positioning, E-mail:

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TANG Yu, postgraduate, majors in GNSS deformation monitoring, E-mail:

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唐雨, 硕士生, 主要从事GNSS变形监测研究, E-mail:

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唐雨, 硕士生, 主要从事GNSS变形监测研究, E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Average daily observation durations of each station

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
JZ1 JZ2 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
时长/h 23.7 23.8 23.6 23.5 23.7 23.5 23.8 23.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833015661287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各站点平均每日观测时长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
JZ1 JZ2 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
时长/h 23.7 23.8 23.6 23.5 23.7 23.5 23.8 23.9
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833116324584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Baseline solution strategy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星系统 观测值类型 采样率 截止高度角 天线改正文件
BDS-3 B1I+B3I 15 s 15° igs20_2247_plus.atx
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833196016361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基线解算策略

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
卫星系统 观测值类型 采样率 截止高度角 天线改正文件
BDS-3 B1I+B3I 15 s 15° igs20_2247_plus.atx
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833426703082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Availability of monitoring results and correlation coefficients for different observation durations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点名 结果可用率/% 相关系数
1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h 12 h 24 h
#1 88.5 94.5 96.4 97.5 98.9 98.9 0.70
#2 90.6 93.5 96.7 97.5 98.4 98.9 0.76
#3 90.3 92.7 95.8 96.4 96.2 97.8 0.78
#4 89.5 92.8 96.8 95.2 97.6 98.8 0.78
#5 92.5 97.0 96.9 98.2 99.5 98.9 0.67
#6 91.2 96.1 97.1 97.8 99.5 98.9 0.67
平均 90.4 94.4 96.6 97.1 98.3 98.7 0.73
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833506394859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同观测时长的监测结果可用率和相关系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点名 结果可用率/% 相关系数
1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h 12 h 24 h
#1 88.5 94.5 96.4 97.5 98.9 98.9 0.70
#2 90.6 93.5 96.7 97.5 98.4 98.9 0.76
#3 90.3 92.7 95.8 96.4 96.2 97.8 0.78
#4 89.5 92.8 96.8 95.2 97.6 98.8 0.78
#5 92.5 97.0 96.9 98.2 99.5 98.9 0.67
#6 91.2 96.1 97.1 97.8 99.5 98.9 0.67
平均 90.4 94.4 96.6 97.1 98.3 98.7 0.73
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Precision and correlation coefficients in N, E, U directions for different observation durations

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点名 精度/mm 相关系数
1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h 12 h 24 h
N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U
#1 3.7 4.8 7.6 3.8 4.3 6.5 3.7 3.7 5.0 2.9 2.9 4.0 2.2 3.1 3.9 1.4 1.6 3.0 -0.97 -0.95 -0.85
#2 3.4 4.0 7.4 3.0 3.1 5.3 2.9 2.4 4.3 2.1 1.8 3.2 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.2 1.1 2.5 -0.94 -0.85 -0.78
#3 2.3 3.0 5.3 1.6 2.0 3.2 1.2 1.6 2.5 1.1 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.3 -0.71 -0.82 -0.73
#4 1.8 2.5 4.2 1.3 2.1 2.9 1.2 1.6 2.4 1.2 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.9 -0.50 -0.90 -0.66
#5 3.0 3.7 7.2 2.7 3.0 5.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.8 2.5 1.5 1.6 2.4 1.0 0.9 1.9 -0.93 -0.89 -0.76
#6 3.3 4.0 6.7 3.4 3.8 5.8 3.3 3.3 4.5 2.2 2.5 3.7 1.7 2.5 3.6 1.1 1.4 2.7 -0.94 -0.96 -0.86
平均 2.9 3.7 6.4 2.6 3.1 4.8 2.4 2.5 3.7 1.9 1.9 2.9 1.5 1.9 2.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 -0.83 -0.90 -0.77
), ArticleFig(id=1322940833955185390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322940810081206899, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同观测时长下N、E、U方向精度和相关系数

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点名 精度/mm 相关系数
1 h 2 h 4 h 8 h 12 h 24 h
N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U N E U
#1 3.7 4.8 7.6 3.8 4.3 6.5 3.7 3.7 5.0 2.9 2.9 4.0 2.2 3.1 3.9 1.4 1.6 3.0 -0.97 -0.95 -0.85
#2 3.4 4.0 7.4 3.0 3.1 5.3 2.9 2.4 4.3 2.1 1.8 3.2 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.2 1.1 2.5 -0.94 -0.85 -0.78
#3 2.3 3.0 5.3 1.6 2.0 3.2 1.2 1.6 2.5 1.1 1.1 1.7 0.9 1.0 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.3 -0.71 -0.82 -0.73
#4 1.8 2.5 4.2 1.3 2.1 2.9 1.2 1.6 2.4 1.2 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.2 0.7 1.9 -0.50 -0.90 -0.66
#5 3.0 3.7 7.2 2.7 3.0 5.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.8 2.5 1.5 1.6 2.4 1.0 0.9 1.9 -0.93 -0.89 -0.76
#6 3.3 4.0 6.7 3.4 3.8 5.8 3.3 3.3 4.5 2.2 2.5 3.7 1.7 2.5 3.6 1.1 1.4 2.7 -0.94 -0.96 -0.86
平均 2.9 3.7 6.4 2.6 3.1 4.8 2.4 2.5 3.7 1.9 1.9 2.9 1.5 1.9 2.6 1.1 1.1 2.2 -0.83 -0.90 -0.77
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观测时长与北斗变形监测性能的定量分析
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唐雨 1 , 史俊波 1, * , 侯诚 1 , 郭际明 1 , 邹进贵 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 现代大地测量 2025,45(4): 339-343, 391
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大地测量与地球动力学 |现代大地测量 2025 , 45 (4) : 339 -343, 391
观测时长与北斗变形监测性能的定量分析
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唐雨1 , 史俊波1, * , 侯诚1, 郭际明1, 邹进贵1
作者信息
  • 1 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079
通讯作者:

史俊波, 博士, 教授, 主要从事GNSS高精度定位研究, E-mail:

SHI Junbo, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS high-precision positioning, E-mail:

作者简介:

唐雨, 硕士生, 主要从事GNSS变形监测研究, E-mail:

Quantitative Analysis between Observation Duration and BDS Deformation Monitoring Performance
Yu TANG1 , Junbo SHI1, * , Cheng HOU1, Jiming GUO1, Jingui ZOU1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China

    • TANG Yu, postgraduate, majors in GNSS deformation monitoring, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.229
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摘要
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基于2023年26 496个不同观测时长的北斗监测序列，构建北斗监测结果可用率、监测精度与观测时长的定量函数表达式。结果表明：1) 监测结果可用率与观测时长存在明显的正相关，6个监测点的平均相关系数为0.73；N、E、U方向的监测精度与观测时长存在明显的负相关，相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.90和-0.77。2)为保证监测结果的高时效、高可用率(>95%)和高精度(平面优于3 mm、高程优于5 mm)，建议最佳观测时长为3 h。

北斗  /  观测时长  /  监测结果可用率  /  监测精度  /  相关性分析

Based on 26 496 BDS monitoring sequences with various observation durations in 2023, we establish quantitative function expressions relating the availability rate, monitoring precision of BDS results to observation duration. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the availability rate of monitoring results and observation duration, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.73 for six monitoring stations. The monitoring precision in N, E, U directions exhibit significant negative correlations with observation duration, with correlation coefficients of -0.83, -0.90, and -0.77, respectively. To ensure high timeliness, high availability rate (>95%), and high precision (horizontal precision better than 3 mm, vertical precision better than 5 mm), an optimal observation duration of 3 hours is recommended.

BDS  /  observation duration  /  monitoring result availability  /  monitoring precision  /  correlation analysis
唐雨, 史俊波, 侯诚, 郭际明, 邹进贵. 观测时长与北斗变形监测性能的定量分析. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (4) : 339 -343, 391 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.229
Yu TANG, Junbo SHI, Cheng HOU, Jiming GUO, Jingui ZOU. Quantitative Analysis between Observation Duration and BDS Deformation Monitoring Performance[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 339 -343, 391 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.229
正文
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GNSS变形监测技术具有高精度、全天候和高度自动化等特点，已被广泛应用于水利、交通、地质灾害等领域。随着北斗三号全球卫星导航系统的建成[1]，北斗/GNSS在变形监测方面的应用也愈发广泛[2]。为获得高精度的解算结果，北斗/GNSS变形监测数据处理需要较长时间的观测数据。然而，在地质灾害等应急监测应用中，较长的观测时长无法得到保证。因此，同时兼顾监测精度和解算时效性成为变形监测应用的一个挑战。
许多学者针对不同观测时长下的北斗/GNSS监测精度进行研究，包括基于单卫星系统和多卫星系统2大类。在单卫星系统变形监测方面，Dogan等[3]分析不同观测时长对GPS监测精度的影响，结果表明，观测时长为24 h时，N、E、U方向精度分别优于2 mm、2 mm、5 mm；观测时长为4 h时，N、E、U方向精度分别优于3 mm、3 mm、10 mm。王阳等[4]利用5个IGS站10 d的GPS数据，对观测时长与不同基线长度解算精度进行分析，结果表明，对于1 000 km、50 km、5 km基线，要达到mm级精度，所需的观测时长分别为24 h、10 h、4 h。童广勤等[5]对北斗和GPS大坝监测精度与观测时长的关系进行探究，发现观测时长为24 h时，平面和高程监测精度分别优于0.5 mm和1 mm；观测时长为4 h时，监测精度分别优于1 mm和2 mm。在多系统融合监测方面，王利等[6]基于4 d的北斗和GPS观测数据，计算多个时段北斗+GPS融合解算精度，结果表明，观测时长为10 h时，沉降监测精度优于12 mm。丁乐乐等[7]利用北斗和GPS观测数据进行建筑物变形监测，分析不同观测时长的监测精度，结果表明，观测时长越长，精度越高；观测时长为12 h时，高程方向精度优于1.0 mm。李龙等[8]基于北斗和GPS融合定位模型对高压线路地灾进行监测，发现观测时长为12 h时，平面和高程监测精度分别优于3 mm和5 mm。
目前对北斗观测时长与变形监测精度的关系研究主要集中在定性分析和有限的数值计算阶段，针对北斗三号监测结果可用率、监测精度与观测时长之间定量函数关系的研究仍较为缺乏，限制了北斗变形监测实际应用的推广前景。因此，本文以某水利工程2023年92 d的北斗三号变形监测数据为基础，划分出26 496个不同观测时长的监测序列，分析观测时长对结果可用率和监测精度的定量影响，并构建相应的函数表达式，为北斗变形监测数据时长选择提供定量参考。
1 原理与方法
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为定量分析观测时长对北斗变形监测性能的影响，首先计算监测结果可用率和监测精度，然后将其与观测时长进行相关性分析，最后构建监测结果可用率、监测精度与观测时长的函数表达式。具体流程见图1。
1.1 观测时长与监测结果可用率分析方法
1) 监测结果可用率的计算公式如下：
$R=\frac{r_R}{t_R} \times 100 \%$
式中，R为监测结果可用率；rR为有效监测结果数；tR为理论监测结果数。
2) 观测时长与监测结果可用率的相关系数为：
$r=\frac{\sum\left[\left(R_i-\bar{R}\right) \times\left(H_i-\bar{H}\right)\right]}{\sqrt{\sum\left(R_i-\bar{R}\right)^2 \times \sum\left(H_i-\bar{H}\right)^2}}$
式中，${\bar R}$为监测结果可用率的均值；${\bar H}$为观测时长的均值。一般当|r|≥0.7时，认为2个变量强相关[9]。
3) 观测时长与监测结果可用率的定量关系可通过多种不同函数表达式(如指数函数、多项式函数、幂函数等)进行拟合。基于拟合残差平方和最小的原理选择幂函数表达式：
$y=a \times x^b+c$
式中，y为监测结果可用率；a为系数；x为观测时长；b为幂指数；c为常数。
1.2 观测时长与监测精度分析方法
1) 首先利用多项式对干净、连续的北斗监测序列(xN/xE/xU)t进行拟合，得到趋势项序列$\left(x_{\hat{\mathrm{N}}} / x_{\hat{\mathrm{E}}} / x_{\hat{\mathrm{U}}}\right)_t$；然后将监测序列减去拟合趋势序列，得到残差序列(xΔN/xΔE/xΔU)t；最后分别求取3个坐标分量的残差标准差σ[10]，即本文评价的监测精度。
$\left[\begin{array}{l}x_{\Delta \mathrm{N}} \\x_{\Delta \mathrm{E}} \\x_{\Delta \mathrm{U}}\end{array}\right]_t=\left[\begin{array}{l}x_{\mathrm{N}}-x_{{\hat{\mathrm{N}}}} \\x_{\mathrm{E}}-x_{{\hat{\mathrm{E}}}} \\x_{\mathrm{U}}-x_{{\hat{\mathrm{U}}}}\end{array}\right]_t, \sigma=\sqrt{\frac{\sum \Delta y^2}{n-m}}$
式中，Δy为N、E、U某一方向残差；n为观测值样本数；m为拟合多项式项数。
2) 参考式(2)计算观测时长与监测精度的相关系数。
3) 参考式(3)构建观测时长与监测精度的函数表达式。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 数据描述
本文选取的北斗变形监测区域包含2个基准站(JZ1、JZ2)和6个监测点(#1~#6)，站点分布见图2。2个基准站相距约10.0 km，6个监测点线性分布在2个基准站之间，基准站采用市电供电，监测点采用太阳能供电。基准站与监测点周围环境开阔，站点平均多路径误差均小于0.5 m。数据采集时间为2023-03-01—05-31(doy60-152)，共92 d。
表1为基准站和监测点的平均每日观测时长，可以看出，所有站点平均每日观测时长均大于23.5 h，能够进行不同观测时长对监测性能影响的定量分析。将监测点观测数据划分为1 h、2 h、4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h时长，利用自编GNSS解算软件，采用针对带状区域的双基站约束解算方法[11]进行解算，其他参数配置见表2。
2.2 监测结果可用率分析
图3为不同观测时长N、E、U方向的原始监测序列和剔除粗差后的干净监测序列[12]，可以看出：1)随着观测时长的减少，监测序列波动幅度越大，粗差数量越多，1 h和2 h的N、E、U方向监测序列整体在±40 mm内波动，4 h和8 h在±30 mm内波动，12 h和24 h在±20 mm内波动；2)N、E、U方向变形曲线均表现为1 h波动幅度最大，2 h和4 h波动幅度相近，8 h和12 h波动幅度相近，24 h波动幅度最小；3)不同观测时长N、E方向监测序列波动幅度较小，U方向波动幅度较大。不同观测时长变形序列整体趋势一致，N、U方向较为稳定，E方向有变形趋势。
表3为不同观测时长的监测结果可用率和相关系数，图4为平均结果可用率，可以看出：1)随着观测时长的减少，结果可用率逐渐减少；2)不同观测时长的平均结果可用率均高于90.0%，除1 h和2 h外，4 h、8 h、12 h、24 h均高于95.0%，分别为96.6%、97.1%、98.3%、98.7%；3)相关系数在0.67~0.78之间，均大于0.65，平均值为0.73，表明监测结果可用率与观测时长呈明显正相关，即随着观测时长增加，监测结果可用率逐渐增加。
根据式(3)构建观测时长与平均结果可用率的函数表达式，结果见图5，可以看出：1)监测结果可用率随着观测时长增加而逐渐增加，与观测时长存在明显的函数关系；2)当观测时长超过3 h时，监测结果可用率优于95%。
2.3 监测精度分析
以监测点#2为例，图6为该点N、E、U方向变形序列、拟合曲线和拟合残差序列，可以看出：1)不同观测时长的拟合曲线趋势一致，表明变形趋势一致，N方向无明显变形、E、U方向有变形趋势。2)N、E、U方向最大残差绝对值分别为15 mm、15 mm、15 mm(1 h时长)，10 mm、10 mm、10 mm(2 h时长)，10 mm、10 mm、10 mm(4 h时长)，5 mm、5 mm、10 mm(8 h时长)，5 mm、5 mm、10 mm(12 h时长)，3 mm、3 mm、5 mm(24 h时长)。随着观测时长减少，N、E、U方向残差波动幅度逐渐变大。3)N、E、U方向监测精度分别为3.4 mm、4.0 mm、7.4 mm(1 h时长)，3.0 mm、3.1 mm、5.3 mm(2 h时长)，2.9 mm、2.4 mm、4.3 mm(4 h时长)，2.1 mm、1.8 mm、3.2 mm(8 h时长)，1.7 mm、1.7 mm、2.7 mm(12 h时长)，1.2 mm、1.1 mm、2.5 mm(24 h时长)。随着观测时长减少，监测精度逐渐降低。除1 h和2 h外，其余观测时长的N、E方向监测精度均优于3 mm，U方向均优于5 mm。
表4为监测点N、E、U方向的监测精度和相关系数，图7为N、E、U方向的平均监测精度，可以看出：1)N、E、U方向平均监测精度为2.9 mm、3.7 mm、6.4 mm(1 h时长)，2.6 mm、3.1 mm、4.8 mm(2 h时长)，2.4 mm、2.5 mm、3.7 mm(4 h时长)，1.9 mm、1.9 mm、2.9 mm(8 h时长)，1.5 mm、1.9 mm、2.6 mm(12 h时长)，1.1 mm、1.1 mm、2.2 mm(24 h时长)。2)1 h的整体监测精度最差，均在8.0 mm以内；2 h和4 h的整体监测精度相近，均在6.5 mm以内；8 h和12 h的整体监测精度相近，均在4.0 mm以内；24 h的整体监测精度最优，均在3.0 mm以内。当观测时长大于4 h时，平面监测精度优于3.0 mm，高程方向优于4.0 mm。3)随着观测时长的减少，监测精度逐渐变差，且对N、E方向监测精度的影响比U方向小。4) N、E、U方向平均相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.90、-0.77，表明N、E、U方向的监测精度均与观测时长呈明显负相关。
根据式(3)构建观测时长与平均监测精度的函数表达式，结果见图8，可以看出：1)N、E、U方向的监测精度随着观测时长的减少而逐渐变差，与观测时长存在明显的函数关系；2)观测时长对N、E方向监测精度的影响较小且变化幅度相近，对U方向监测精度影响较大；3)要满足平面和高程方向监测精度达到3.0 mm和5.0 mm，观测时长需超过2 h。
3 结语
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1) 监测结果可用率与观测时长存在明显的正相关，平均相关系数为0.73；监测精度与观测时长存在明显的负相关，N、E、U方向的平均相关系数分别为-0.83、-0.90、-0.77。
2) 利用监测结果可用率、监测精度与观测时长的幂函数表达式，可以针对性选择合适的观测时长，以同时保证监测的效率、可用率和精度。综合2类函数表达式，为保证监测结果的高时效、高可用率(>95%)和高精度(平面优于3 mm、高程优于5 mm)，建议最佳观测时长选择3 h。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金(42274050)
  • 自然资源部地质灾害智能监测与风险预警工程技术创新中心开放基金(TICGM-2023-06)
文献
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2025年第45卷第4期
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文章信息
doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.05.229
  • 接收时间：2024-05-13
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2025-04-15
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-05-13
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42274050)
国家自然科学基金(42274050)
Open Fund of Technology Innovation Center for Geohazard Monitoring and Risk Early Warning, MNR(TICGM-2023-06)
自然资源部地质灾害智能监测与风险预警工程技术创新中心开放基金(TICGM-2023-06)
作者信息
    1 武汉大学测绘学院, 武汉市珞喻路129号, 430079

通讯作者:

史俊波, 博士, 教授, 主要从事GNSS高精度定位研究, E-mail:

SHI Junbo, PhD, professor, majors in GNSS high-precision positioning, E-mail:

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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