Article(id=1322959522557472841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322959347470442879, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.148, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1712073600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347729576, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347729576, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347729576, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347729576, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322959347470442879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='111', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739548800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347687833, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793347687833, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=177, endPage=183, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322959525912916044, articleId=1322959522557472841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Inversion of Coseismic Rupture Model and Deformation Time Series for the Jishishan, Gansu MS6.2 Earthquake Using InSAR, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We use ascending and descending orbit data of Sentinel-1A satellite to obtain high-precision coseismic deformation fields of Jishishan MS6.2 earthquake using differential interferometry technology, and employ SBAS-InSAR technique to acquire cumulative deformation time series in the area near epicenter over the past six months. The results show that surface deformation is primarily uplift, with the maximum LOS coseismic displacements of about 6.8 cm and 7.3 cm for ascending and descending orbits, respectively. The rupture mainly occurred at depths ranging from 7 to 15 km underground, with a maximum slip of approximately 0.55 m. Within two months after the earthquake, there is an expanding trend of uplift deformation in the near-field and northwest side of the epicenter. We conclude that the Jishishan earthquake trended northwest, dipping northeast, and the seismogenic fault belongs to the hidden branch fault on southeast side of the southern margin of Lajishan fault zone. The large-scale sudden deformation after the earthquake may be related to pore pressure release, and the surface stability needs further observation.

, authors=Jianan GAO1, Rong ZOU1, 2, *, Junxiang WANG1, 3, Rui ZHENG1, Yifan MENG1, authorsList=Jianan GAO, Rong ZOU, Junxiang WANG, Rui ZHENG, Yifan MENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Rong ZOU, authorNote=

GAO Jianan, postgraduate, majors in surface deformation monitoring by InSAR, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved, without authorization, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322959535454957665, articleId=1322959522557472841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=利用InSAR技术反演甘肃积石山MS6.2地震同震破裂模型及形变时间序列, columnId=1322506197874356701, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地壳运动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

使用升降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据, 利用差分干涉技术获取甘肃积石山MS6.2地震高精度同震形变场, 并以此为约束反演同震破裂模型, 然后采用SBAS-InSAR技术获取震中附近区域近6个月的累积形变时间序列。结果表明, 本次地震地表形变以抬升为主, 升降轨数据视线向最大同震形变量分别约为6.8 cm和7.3 cm, 破裂主要集中在7~15 km深度范围内, 最大滑动量约为0.55 m; 震后2个月内, 震中近场及西北侧的抬升形变呈扩大趋势。综合分析认为, 此次积石山地震发震断层走向NW、倾向NE, 隶属于拉脊山南缘断裂带东南侧的隐伏分支断层; 震后的大面积突发形变可能与孔隙压力释放有关, 地表稳定状态有待进一步观察。

, authors=高嘉楠1, 邹蓉1, 2, *, 王峻祥1, 3, 郑瑞1, 孟一帆1, authorsList=高嘉楠, 邹蓉, 王峻祥, 郑瑞, 孟一帆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邹蓉, authorNote=

高嘉楠, 硕士生, 主要从事InSAR地表形变监测研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

邹蓉, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事GNSS水文大地测量、地壳形变研究, E-mail:

ZOU Rong, PhD, associate professor, majors in GNSS hydrological geodesy and crustal deformation, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=boQJtEINZ5mx7Eza1Ob/tQ==, magXml=To8bdRgdqVdsXwXG7N0Jyw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5qKSTUNrpkF3vh6TE7iVrA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zYxy1LWXS0zW8AwVsYwDyw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322959536469979246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1202210538@cug.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322959536700665968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, authorId=1322959536469979246, language=EN, stringName=Jianan GAO, firstName=Jianan, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China, bio={"content":"

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Sourcemechanism solutions of the 2023 Jishishan MS6.2 earthquake

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机构震中位置深度/km断层几何要素震级
经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°)
USGS 102.82 35.74 12.0 333/156 62/28 88/93 MW5.9
GCMT 102.81 35.83 18.9 303/164 52/46 122/62 MW6.1
CENC 102.79 35.70 10.0 - - - MS6.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322959562319474859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2023年积石山MS6.2地震震源机制解

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机构震中位置深度/km断层几何要素震级
经度/(°) 纬度/(°) 走向/(°) 倾角/(°) 滑动角/(°)
USGS 102.82 35.74 12.0 333/156 62/28 88/93 MW5.9
GCMT 102.81 35.83 18.9 303/164 52/46 122/62 MW6.1
CENC 102.79 35.70 10.0 - - - MS6.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322959562399166636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Information of Sentinel-1A image data used in differential interferometry

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轨道号 飞行方向 主影像 副影像 时间基线/d 空间基线/m 成像模式/极化方式
T128A 升轨 2023-12-26 2023-10-27 60 117.1 IW/VV
T135D 降轨 2023-12-26 2023-12-14 12 -64.9 IW/VV
), ArticleFig(id=1322959562466275502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

差分干涉使用的Sentinel-1A影像数据信息

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轨道号 飞行方向 主影像 副影像 时间基线/d 空间基线/m 成像模式/极化方式
T128A 升轨 2023-12-26 2023-10-27 60 117.1 IW/VV
T135D 降轨 2023-12-26 2023-12-14 12 -64.9 IW/VV
), ArticleFig(id=1322959562701156527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Information of Sentinel-1A image data used in SBAS-InSAR

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序号 飞行方向 成像日期 序号 飞行方向 成像日期
1 降轨 2023-12-26 7 降轨 2024-03-19
2 降轨 2024-01-07 8 降轨 2024-03-31
3 降轨 2024-01-31 9 降轨 2024-04-24
4 降轨 2024-02-12 10 降轨 2024-05-06
5 降轨 2024-02-24 11 降轨 2024-05-18
6 降轨 2024-03-07
), ArticleFig(id=1322959562847957168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SBAS-InSAR使用的Sentinel-1A影像数据信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 飞行方向 成像日期 序号 飞行方向 成像日期
1 降轨 2023-12-26 7 降轨 2024-03-19
2 降轨 2024-01-07 8 降轨 2024-03-31
3 降轨 2024-01-31 9 降轨 2024-04-24
4 降轨 2024-02-12 10 降轨 2024-05-06
5 降轨 2024-02-24 11 降轨 2024-05-18
6 降轨 2024-03-07
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利用InSAR技术反演甘肃积石山MS6.2地震同震破裂模型及形变时间序列
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高嘉楠 1 , 邹蓉 1, 2, * , 王峻祥 1, 3 , 郑瑞 1 , 孟一帆 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地壳运动 2025,45(2): 177-183
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地壳运动 2025 , 45 (2) : 177 -183
利用InSAR技术反演甘肃积石山MS6.2地震同震破裂模型及形变时间序列
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China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322959535996022886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959522557472841, companyId=1322959535979245668, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院, 武汉市鲁磨路388号, 430074)])])]
高嘉楠1 , 邹蓉1, 2, * , 王峻祥1, 3, 郑瑞1, 孟一帆1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院, 武汉市鲁磨路388号, 430074
  • 2 地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室, 武汉市鲁磨路388号, 430074
  • 3 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司, 武汉市中南二路12号, 430071
通讯作者:

邹蓉, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事GNSS水文大地测量、地壳形变研究, E-mail:

ZOU Rong, PhD, associate professor, majors in GNSS hydrological geodesy and crustal deformation, E-mail:

作者简介:

高嘉楠, 硕士生, 主要从事InSAR地表形变监测研究, E-mail:

Inversion of Coseismic Rupture Model and Deformation Time Series for the Jishishan, Gansu MS6.2 Earthquake Using InSAR
Jianan GAO1 , Rong ZOU1, 2, * , Junxiang WANG1, 3, Rui ZHENG1, Yifan MENG1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 2 Hubei Subsurface Multi-Scale Imaging Key Laboratory, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan 430074, China
  • 3 Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute Co Ltd, CPECC, 12 Second-Zhongnan Road, Wuhan 430071, China
  • GAO Jianan, postgraduate, majors in surface deformation monitoring by InSAR, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.148
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使用升降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据, 利用差分干涉技术获取甘肃积石山MS6.2地震高精度同震形变场, 并以此为约束反演同震破裂模型, 然后采用SBAS-InSAR技术获取震中附近区域近6个月的累积形变时间序列。结果表明, 本次地震地表形变以抬升为主, 升降轨数据视线向最大同震形变量分别约为6.8 cm和7.3 cm, 破裂主要集中在7~15 km深度范围内, 最大滑动量约为0.55 m; 震后2个月内, 震中近场及西北侧的抬升形变呈扩大趋势。综合分析认为, 此次积石山地震发震断层走向NW、倾向NE, 隶属于拉脊山南缘断裂带东南侧的隐伏分支断层; 震后的大面积突发形变可能与孔隙压力释放有关, 地表稳定状态有待进一步观察。

积石山MS6.2地震  /  合成孔径雷达干涉测量  /  同震形变  /  断层滑动分布  /  时序InSAR

We use ascending and descending orbit data of Sentinel-1A satellite to obtain high-precision coseismic deformation fields of Jishishan MS6.2 earthquake using differential interferometry technology, and employ SBAS-InSAR technique to acquire cumulative deformation time series in the area near epicenter over the past six months. The results show that surface deformation is primarily uplift, with the maximum LOS coseismic displacements of about 6.8 cm and 7.3 cm for ascending and descending orbits, respectively. The rupture mainly occurred at depths ranging from 7 to 15 km underground, with a maximum slip of approximately 0.55 m. Within two months after the earthquake, there is an expanding trend of uplift deformation in the near-field and northwest side of the epicenter. We conclude that the Jishishan earthquake trended northwest, dipping northeast, and the seismogenic fault belongs to the hidden branch fault on southeast side of the southern margin of Lajishan fault zone. The large-scale sudden deformation after the earthquake may be related to pore pressure release, and the surface stability needs further observation.

Jishishan MS6.2 earthquake  /  synthetic aperture radar interferometry  /  coseismic deformation  /  fault slip distribution  /  temporal InSAR
高嘉楠, 邹蓉, 王峻祥, 郑瑞, 孟一帆. 利用InSAR技术反演甘肃积石山MS6.2地震同震破裂模型及形变时间序列. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 177 -183 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.148
Jianan GAO, Rong ZOU, Junxiang WANG, Rui ZHENG, Yifan MENG. Inversion of Coseismic Rupture Model and Deformation Time Series for the Jishishan, Gansu MS6.2 Earthquake Using InSAR[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 177 -183 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.148
据中国地震台网中心(CENC)报道,北京时间2023-12-18 23:59,甘肃临夏回族自治州积石山县(102.79°E, 35.70°N)发生MS6.2地震,震源深度10 km,最大烈度高达Ⅷ度。根据美国地质调查局(USGS)与全球矩心矩张量(GCMT)的监测结果(表1),此次地震为典型的逆冲型地震,可能发生在走向NNW或SSE的断层上。
2023年积石山MS6.2地震孕震构造为祁连山造山带南段的拉脊山断裂带(图1(a)),该断裂带由拉脊山北缘和拉脊山南缘两条逆冲断裂带构成[1],此次地震震中位于走向NNW、倾向SW的拉脊山北缘断裂带东段。地震发生后,学者们迅速开展关于本次地震的震源机制和滑动分布的研究[2-4],但均未从发震区域形变时间序列的角度对地震前后的形变情况展开分析。
本文使用升降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据获取2023年积石山MS6.2地震的高精度同震形变场,基于Okada半空间弹性位错模型和最速下降法(SDM)反演同震破裂模型,对同震形变特征、断层参数和运动学特征进行分析,并重点讨论发震断层所属的断裂带,对前人研究结论进行验证和补充。另外,使用近6个月的降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据,基于时序InSAR技术获取震中附近区域形变时间序列,并对结果进行分析,从地表形变的角度对震后周边区域稳定性进行讨论,为未来地震风险防范提供参考。
选择覆盖同震区域的Sentinel-1A卫星轨道号为T128A(升轨)、T135D(降轨)的两对宽幅干涉模式(IW)影像数据(图1、表2)进行差分干涉处理[5],得到同震形变干涉图。采用美国宇航局(NASA)发布的30 m空间分辨率SRTM数字高程模型产品消除地形相位,使用精密轨道数据削弱轨道误差的影响。为进一步提升信噪比,对距离向和方位向进行10×2多视处理,并采用加权功率谱法(Goldstein法)对干涉结果进行滤波[6]。采用最小费用流法[7]进行相位解缠,解缠阈值为0.2,大气校正采用GACOS模型[8]。最后投影到WGS84坐标系下,得到高精度地表同震形变场。时间序列研究选取2023-12-26—2024-05-18共11景T135轨道降轨影像(表3),时间跨度为6个月,其中2024-01-19—04-24影像因相干性较差并未使用。经数据质量检测与相位闭环检测,最终共保留干涉对26个。通过SBAS-InSAR方法[9]反演估算形变速率和残余地形误差,然后进行时空域滤波,最后地理编码获取形变时序结果。
从干涉结果(图2(a)、2(b))可以看出,本次同震形变区域相干性良好,升降轨干涉条纹整体均较为完整,仅在部分区域存在失相干情况。由于差分干涉处理中以震后影像作为主影像,故形变图中负值表示靠近卫星。在空间分布方面,从图2(c)、2(d)可以看到,本次地震引起的同震形变发生在拉脊山断裂带东段,形变以抬升为主,其中东北盘地表抬升,西南盘发生沉降,分界线与拉脊山断裂带走向基本平行,沿NW向呈近似对称分布,整个形变区面积约为18 km×33 km,形变类型和分布特点与逆冲型地震的运动特征相符。在数值方面,升轨最大LOS向形变量约为6.8 cm,降轨最大LOS向形变量约为7.3 cm,与前人结果相近[3]。选取远离形变中心西北侧5 km×5 km的区域,计算升降轨结果在该区域内的标准差,结果分别为0.32 cm、0.33 cm,说明形变场的噪声水平较低,结果可靠性较高。沿剖线AA′提取的LOS向同震位移剖线连续性较好,表明地震并未造成明显的地表破裂(图3),故干涉结果中出现的失相干可能由地表覆盖类型变化引起。
为减少数据冗余,使用四叉树法对InSAR同震形变场进行降采样,最终升轨同震形变场保留2 065个数据点,降轨同震形变场保留2 449个数据点。以此为约束,基于Okada弹性半空间矩形位错模型[10],采用非线性蒙特卡洛方法[11]搜索断层几何参数。反演前需确定断层节面,但此次破裂并未出露地表,故无法根据同震形变场确定断层倾向。根据断层E倾模型下的余震簇集中在断层下盘一侧,且滑坡主要集中在上盘,即断层东侧,认为USGS等给出的节面Ⅰ为此次积石山地震的发震断层面[3]。因此,参考USGS与GCMT给出的震源机制解(表1),设置断层走向在300°~360°之间,倾角在0°~90°之间,震中位置为102.82°E、35.74°N。根据同震形变范围,断层长度设置为10~30 km,断层上下边界设置为0~20 km,以模型的最大后验解作为最佳拟合参数。最终得到断层走向为310.1°,倾角为59.4°,滑动角为89.7°,埋深范围为6~15 km,断层长度为15 km,蒙特卡洛参数搜索结果如图4所示。从图5可以看出,拟合残差整体较小,主要的形变中心均得到较好的拟合。升轨和降轨在主要形变区的观测值与模拟值拟合度分别为92.3%和93.1%,对应残差的均方根分别为0.66 cm和0.58 cm。
为进一步研究更加精细的滑动分布特征,利用§2.1反演获取的断层几何参数进行断层滑动分布反演。为避免边缘效应,首先将断层面长度和宽度均延拓至20 km,考虑到断层平面上的非均匀滑动,将矩形断层细分为20×20个网格,网格大小为1 km×1 km。采用基于约束条件下的最小二乘原理及最速下降法(SDM)[12]反演每个网格的滑动量及滑动角参数,得到最佳断层滑动分布。为避免相邻网格间不稳定或产生奇异值,对模型结果进行平滑约束, 依据滑动粗糙度与拟合残差均方根的折衷曲线变化确定平滑因子。图6~7为反演得到的同震滑动分布与模型拟合结果。可以看出,本次地震是一次以倾滑为主、兼具少量右旋性质的逆冲型地震,震中为102.78°E、35.76°N,滑动主要集中在7~15 km深度处,整体平均滑动角为85.3°,平均滑动量为0.17 m,在10.41 km深度处产生最大滑动量为0.55 m,释放的地震矩约为1.29×1018Nm,相当于MW6.0地震,与USGS、GCMT机构给出的结果基本一致。模型对于地表主要形变的拟合效果较好,升轨和降轨在主要形变区的观测值与模拟值拟合度分别为93.1%和94.7%,对应残差的均方根分别为0.62 cm和0.55 cm。
从余震序列(图1(b))可以看出,震后发生的17次MS>3.0余震均分布在震中西北方向,Tang等[13]也在地震阵列波形中捕捉到震中附近存在NW向传播的破裂,表明破裂可能是由震中向NW方向传播,可为断层走向为NW向提供一定的证据。此外,根据同震形变场分布特征与断层滑动分布结果可知,E倾断层模型的地表迹线很好地平分了地表抬升区与沉降区(图7(a)、7(a)),模型也在升降轨地表形变中得到较好的拟合,因此基本可以判断2023年积石山地震发震断层为逆断层,且东北盘为形变抬升的主动盘,这也与刘振江等[3]的结论一致。而在发震断裂方面,本次地震震中位于拉脊山北缘断裂带与倒淌河-临夏断裂带两个逆冲断裂之间(图1(b)),震中及余震位置均集中在拉脊山北缘断裂带附近,发震断层走向与该断裂带走向近似平行,但拉脊山北缘断裂带为SW倾的逆冲断裂,与本文所判断的发震断层E倾不符,而两断裂间的拉脊山南缘断裂带倾向NE,更符合本文判断,故本文更倾向于认为本次地震发震断层位于拉脊山南缘断裂带东南侧的隐伏分支断层上。
利用SBAS-InSAR技术对积石山地震震中及其周边区域进行反演,获取该区域2023-12-26—2024-05-18累积形变场,结果如图8所示。以2023-12-26为基准(图8(a)),其后的10个时间节点(图8(b)~8(k))为相对于基准时刻的累积形变。结果表明,在地震发生后的初期(2023-12-26—2024-03-19),震中及其周边区域主要表现为大范围的微小形变,整体累积形变值较小,震中附近以LOS向正值形变为主,最大累积形变量约为8.3 mm。2024-03-19—31震中西北及西南侧均出现明显的抬升形变(图8(h)),而震中北部的远场地区则表现出显著的沉降形变。2024-04-24—05-18震中西南侧的累积形变由正转负,并在2024-05-18出现大面积远离LOS向的形变,最大值超过-20 mm。总体来看,在地震发生后的6个月内,震中及周边区域基本较为稳定,累积形变量在±10 mm之间。而震中西南部的地表形变较为显著,该区域在同震形变场中表现为远离卫星的形变(图8(a)),2024-03—05该区域累积形变量约为-25 mm,影响范围约为280 km2。
震后形变来源复杂多样。在图8(h)所示时间节点之前,地表形变无显著的累积趋势,而在该时间节点之后迅速转变为负值。与波长较大的震后余滑相比,孔隙压力变化更能解释这种快速的、mm级的形变。本文推测地震导致孔隙中流体压力发生变化,在震后4个月内逐步累积,直至2024-03-31释放,地表出现大范围抬升形变;随后流体重新分布,导致2024-05-18同区域表现出沉降形变。震中北部的形变机制与附近中川乡(图8(h))的地质现象表现出相似的特征。在积石山地震中,中川乡地区发生严重的液化滑坡泥流事件,其产生机理为该区域饱水黄土在地震震动载荷作用下,土体内孔隙水压力迅速升高,引发砂土液化,进而发生地表形变和滑坡泥流[14]。上述现象不仅揭示了该区域的地质敏感性,也从侧面印证了本文的推测,即地震引起的孔隙水压力变化是导致积石山地震震后地表形变的主要因素之一。
为更精细地分析地震前后地表形变特征,选取形变显著区域内的特征点A和B,分别绘制其累积形变时间序列(图9)。A点位于震中西北侧,2023-12—2024-03地表保持动态稳定状态,累积形变量较小;到2024-03-31,累积形变量约为10 mm;随后2个月内地表形变呈缓慢抬升趋势,显示出明显的形变恢复过程。B点位于震中西南侧,2023-12—2024-03地表累积形变量稳定,并以正值形变为主;到2024-03-31形变量激增,累积形变量最大达到约20 mm。截至2024-05-18,B点地表形变迅速下降,累积沉降量为近30 mm。震中附近其他特征点的形变特征与A点和B点相似,两者均反映了震后地表复杂的动态调整过程。
总体而言,根据区域累积形变时间序列结果(图9)推测,震中及周边区域地表在震后经历了孔隙压力累积、释放与恢复的过程,形变具有滞后性与突发性特点,并在地表产生范围较大的形变。虽然大部分地表形变正在逐步趋于稳定,但由于形变数据覆盖时间较短,无法断定地震对周边地表形变的短期影响是否已完全消失,应力调整与释放的过程会在地震后数月到1~2 a内持续发生。因此,未来仍需对震中近场区域的地质灾害隐患保持高度重视,并进一步加强周边人口密集地区的地质灾害风险防范工作。
本文使用Sentinel-1A卫星升降轨数据,获取2023年积石山地震的高精度同震形变场,基于Okada半空间弹性位错模型和SDM法反演同震破裂模型,分析讨论发震断层的几何特征与位置。另外,利用地震发生后近6个月的降轨Sentinel-1A卫星数据,基于SBAS-InSAR技术获取地震区域及其周边的形变时间序列,并对结果进行分析,得到以下结论:
1) 本次积石山地震地表形变以抬升为主,形变场沿NW向呈近似对称分布,其中东北盘地表抬升,西南盘地表沉降,整个形变区面积约为18 km×33 km。升轨数据最大同震LOS向形变量约为6.8 cm,降轨数据最大同震LOS向形变量约为7.3 cm。
2) 基于余震序列、滑动模型结果与周边断裂分布等信息,认为此次积石山地震发震断层走向NW、倾向NE,隶属于拉脊山南缘断裂带东南侧的隐伏分支断层。根据反演结果可知,发震断层走向为310.1°,倾角为59.4°,平均滑动角为85.3°,滑动主要集中在7~15 km深度范围内,最大滑动量约为0.55 m。
3) SBAS-InSAR累积形变结果表明,在震后近6个月内,震中西南部及北部区域出现大范围形变,并在随后的2个月内迅速恢复,形变具有滞后性与突发性特点。本文推测地震引起的孔隙水压力变化是导致震后地表形变的主要因素之一,震中附近区域尚未完全稳定,未来仍需加强周边人口密集地区的地质灾害风险防范工作。
  • 国家自然科学基金(42274009)
  • 国家自然科学基金(41731071)
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.04.148
  • 接收时间:2024-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-03
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42274009)
国家自然科学基金(42274009)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41731071)
国家自然科学基金(41731071)
作者信息
    1 中国地质大学(武汉)地球物理与空间信息学院, 武汉市鲁磨路388号, 430074
    2 地球内部多尺度成像湖北省重点实验室, 武汉市鲁磨路388号, 430074
    3 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司, 武汉市中南二路12号, 430071

通讯作者:

邹蓉, 博士, 副教授, 主要从事GNSS水文大地测量、地壳形变研究, E-mail:

ZOU Rong, PhD, associate professor, majors in GNSS hydrological geodesy and crustal deformation, E-mail:

参考文献
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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