Article(id=1322959385093350032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322959347470442879, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.139, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711468800000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347696803, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347696803, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347696803, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347696803, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322959347470442879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='111', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739548800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347687833, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793347687833, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=144, endPage=150, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322959386875929233, articleId=1322959385093350032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=New Evidence for Shallow Seismic Exploration and Drilling of the Serteng Mountain Piedmont Fault, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We lay a shallow seismic exploration line L1 with a length of 10.77 km extended southward across Serteng mountain piedmont fault. The results show that the Sertengshan piedmont fault is clearly visible on the profile, and the main fault has bifurcations in the upper part, consisting of faults FP1.1 and FP1, both of which are normal faults with an apparent inclination towards the south. Combined with geological and geomorphological surveys, the latest active age of the FP1.1 fault is Holocene. We carry out a composite drilling geological section for the fault FP1 of the Serteng mountain piedmont fault and distinguish two faults, Fa and Fb. Based on the results of optical stimulated luminescence dating, the faults Fa and Fb are Holocene faults and the latest active age is later than 2.5±0.6 ka BP. The Serteng mountain piedmont fault has a forked structure near the surface, which reflects the multiple activities of the fault in the late Quaternary.

, authors=Jie YANG1, Weimin HE1, Jingjing QIN1, Xiaopeng SONG1, Qing LIU1, authorsList=Jie YANG, Weimin HE, Jingjing QIN, Xiaopeng SONG, Qing LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

YANG Jie, engineer, majors in seismic geology and active fault detection, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved, without authorization, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322959388381684385, articleId=1322959385093350032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=色尔腾山山前断裂浅层地震勘探和钻探的新证据, columnId=1322506193558422163, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地震地质, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

横跨色尔腾山山前断裂布设一条长10.77 km的浅层地震勘探测线L1, 结果发现, 色尔腾山山前断裂在剖面上清晰可见, 其主断裂在上部存在分叉, 由断层FP1.1和FP1组成, 均为正断层, 视倾向南; 结合地质地貌调查认为, FP1.1断层的最新活动时代为全新世。针对色尔腾山山前断裂的FP1断层开展钻孔联合地质剖面探测, 划分出Fa、Fb两个断层, 结合光释光测年结果发现, 断层Fa和Fb为全新世断层, 其最新活动时代晚于2.5±0.6 ka BP。色尔腾山山前断裂在近地表呈叉状结构, 是该断裂在晚第四纪具有多次活动的反映。

, authors=杨杰1, 贺为民1, 秦晶晶1, 宋晓鹏1, 刘庆1, authorsList=杨杰, 贺为民, 秦晶晶, 宋晓鹏, 刘庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

杨杰, 工程师, 主要从事地震地质和活动断层探测研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=q7eNLjAoYEuD9P3LZ2ZjMg==, magXml=46EJXD19ZU2jQBe/9AbekA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=1o2AFw/bSFZZeQnLOcs4vg==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=rKWRHEZEROEOMRYRzeKCRA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322959388641731238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yangj@gec.ac.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322959388725617320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, authorId=1322959388641731238, language=EN, stringName=Jie YANG, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio={"content":"

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YANG Jie, engineer, majors in seismic geology and active fault detection, E-mail:

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Lithology of the composite drilling geological section at Dahoudian

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
7 填土,以灰色中砂和砾石为主,砾石粒径0.5~1 cm Qh
6 粉砂,浅灰色,可见石英颗粒,含少量砾石,砾石粒径3~6 cm Qh
5 亚黏土,浅灰色,可塑,夹锈黄色条纹,具水平层理 Qh
4 粉砂,黄褐色、灰褐色,松散,可见石英颗粒 Qh
3 亚黏土,浅灰色,可塑,夹锈黄色条纹,具水平层理 Qh
2 粉砂,灰褐色,松散,可见石英颗粒 Qh
1 黏土岩,紫红色、砖红色,坚硬,可见油脂光泽,夹灰白色中砂薄层,中砂半胶结 N2
), ArticleFig(id=1322959393851056854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

大后店钻孔联合地质剖面岩性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
7 填土,以灰色中砂和砾石为主,砾石粒径0.5~1 cm Qh
6 粉砂,浅灰色,可见石英颗粒,含少量砾石,砾石粒径3~6 cm Qh
5 亚黏土,浅灰色,可塑,夹锈黄色条纹,具水平层理 Qh
4 粉砂,黄褐色、灰褐色,松散,可见石英颗粒 Qh
3 亚黏土,浅灰色,可塑,夹锈黄色条纹,具水平层理 Qh
2 粉砂,灰褐色,松散,可见石英颗粒 Qh
1 黏土岩,紫红色、砖红色,坚硬,可见油脂光泽,夹灰白色中砂薄层,中砂半胶结 N2
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OSL dating results of Dahoudian composite drilling geological section

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样品编号 埋深/m U/ppm Th/ppm K/% 实测含水量/% 环境剂量率/Gy·ka-1 等效剂量/Gy OSL年龄/ka
ZK5-OSL-01 2.8~3.0 1.4 6.0 1.7 22.5 3.6±0.2 6.2±1.5 2.5±0.6
ZK4-OSL-01 3.0~3.2 1.2 5.3 1.5 19.3 2.1±0.2 11.5±4.5 5.1±2.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322959393989468888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

大后店钻孔联合地质剖面地层OSL测年结果

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样品编号 埋深/m U/ppm Th/ppm K/% 实测含水量/% 环境剂量率/Gy·ka-1 等效剂量/Gy OSL年龄/ka
ZK5-OSL-01 2.8~3.0 1.4 6.0 1.7 22.5 3.6±0.2 6.2±1.5 2.5±0.6
ZK4-OSL-01 3.0~3.2 1.2 5.3 1.5 19.3 2.1±0.2 11.5±4.5 5.1±2.2
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Lithology of S1 fault outcrop

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层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
U1 砾岩,灰褐色 J1-2
U2 砾岩,以灰色为主,具水平层理 N
U3 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,发育近水平层理 Qp3
U4 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育倾斜层理 Qp3
U5 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育倾斜层理 Qh
), ArticleFig(id=1322959395692356314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

S1断层露头岩性

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层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
U1 砾岩,灰褐色 J1-2
U2 砾岩,以灰色为主,具水平层理 N
U3 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,发育近水平层理 Qp3
U4 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育倾斜层理 Qp3
U5 砾石,灰褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育倾斜层理 Qh
), ArticleFig(id=1322959395813991131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Lithology of S2 fault outcrop

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层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
U1 细砂,灰黄色,层理发育,层理面向南倾,倾角15° Qp3
U2 含砂砾石,灰白色,次棱角状,粒径以0.5~1.0 cm为主 Qp3
U3 含砂砾石,黄褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育近水平层理 Qh
), ArticleFig(id=1322959395902071516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322959385093350032, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

S2断层露头岩性

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层号 岩性特征描述 地质时代
U1 细砂,灰黄色,层理发育,层理面向南倾,倾角15° Qp3
U2 含砂砾石,灰白色,次棱角状,粒径以0.5~1.0 cm为主 Qp3
U3 含砂砾石,黄褐色,次棱角状,粒径以3~10 cm为主,发育近水平层理 Qh
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色尔腾山山前断裂浅层地震勘探和钻探的新证据
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杨杰 1 , 贺为民 1 , 秦晶晶 1 , 宋晓鹏 1 , 刘庆 1
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地震地质 2025,45(2): 144-150
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地震地质 2025 , 45 (2) : 144 -150
色尔腾山山前断裂浅层地震勘探和钻探的新证据
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杨杰1 , 贺为民1, 秦晶晶1, 宋晓鹏1, 刘庆1
作者信息
  • 1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心, 郑州市文化路75号, 450002
作者简介:

杨杰, 工程师, 主要从事地震地质和活动断层探测研究, E-mail:

New Evidence for Shallow Seismic Exploration and Drilling of the Serteng Mountain Piedmont Fault
Jie YANG1 , Weimin HE1, Jingjing QIN1, Xiaopeng SONG1, Qing LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1 Geophysical Exploration Center, CEA, 75 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • YANG Jie, engineer, majors in seismic geology and active fault detection, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.139
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横跨色尔腾山山前断裂布设一条长10.77 km的浅层地震勘探测线L1, 结果发现, 色尔腾山山前断裂在剖面上清晰可见, 其主断裂在上部存在分叉, 由断层FP1.1和FP1组成, 均为正断层, 视倾向南; 结合地质地貌调查认为, FP1.1断层的最新活动时代为全新世。针对色尔腾山山前断裂的FP1断层开展钻孔联合地质剖面探测, 划分出Fa、Fb两个断层, 结合光释光测年结果发现, 断层Fa和Fb为全新世断层, 其最新活动时代晚于2.5±0.6 ka BP。色尔腾山山前断裂在近地表呈叉状结构, 是该断裂在晚第四纪具有多次活动的反映。

色尔腾山山前断裂  /  活动断层  /  浅层地震勘探  /  钻孔联合地质剖面

We lay a shallow seismic exploration line L1 with a length of 10.77 km extended southward across Serteng mountain piedmont fault. The results show that the Sertengshan piedmont fault is clearly visible on the profile, and the main fault has bifurcations in the upper part, consisting of faults FP1.1 and FP1, both of which are normal faults with an apparent inclination towards the south. Combined with geological and geomorphological surveys, the latest active age of the FP1.1 fault is Holocene. We carry out a composite drilling geological section for the fault FP1 of the Serteng mountain piedmont fault and distinguish two faults, Fa and Fb. Based on the results of optical stimulated luminescence dating, the faults Fa and Fb are Holocene faults and the latest active age is later than 2.5±0.6 ka BP. The Serteng mountain piedmont fault has a forked structure near the surface, which reflects the multiple activities of the fault in the late Quaternary.

Serteng mountain piedmont fault  /  active faults  /  shallow seismic exploration  /  composite drilling geological section
杨杰, 贺为民, 秦晶晶, 宋晓鹏, 刘庆. 色尔腾山山前断裂浅层地震勘探和钻探的新证据. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (2) : 144 -150 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.139
Jie YANG, Weimin HE, Jingjing QIN, Xiaopeng SONG, Qing LIU. New Evidence for Shallow Seismic Exploration and Drilling of the Serteng Mountain Piedmont Fault[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 144 -150 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.139
色尔腾山山前断裂是内蒙古中部地区主要的活动断裂之一。20世纪80年代以来,学者们基于遥感解释、地质调查、探槽及地貌测量、地层年龄测试等技术手段,对色尔腾山山前断裂的空间展布、几何结构、活动性质、古地震和断层活动性及其分段开展了大量研究,取得了丰富的成果[1-7],但仍缺乏横跨色尔腾山山前断裂的浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合地质剖面探测资料。本文针对色尔腾山山前断裂开展浅层地震勘探和钻孔联合地质剖面探测工作,以获得色尔腾山山前断裂的几何结构和断裂活动性新证据。
色尔腾山山前断裂展布于色尔腾山南麓山前,西起狼山口,总体呈近EW向延伸至乌不浪口之后,分为两支断裂继续向SSE、SE方向延伸,全长约260 km(图1(a))。色尔腾山山前断裂第四纪活动强烈,以乌不浪口为界,东西两段地貌差异十分明显;西段色尔腾山山势陡峭,海拔达1 850 m;东段低缓,海拔为1 300~1 500 m。
色尔腾山山前断裂北侧主要出露元古界渣尔泰群(Pt)、华里西期闪长岩、印支期花岗岩,零星出露中、下侏罗统(J1-2)地层。其中,元古界渣尔泰群(Pt)岩性以薄层状灰岩、灰质泥板岩、灰绿色细碧岩夹安山玢岩、暗色钙质板岩为主,厚度大于2 000 m;中、下侏罗统(J1-2)岩性以灰绿色厚层状砾岩为主,局部夹砾砂岩透镜体,出露厚度大于140 m[8]。
色尔腾山山前断裂南侧主要出露第四系全新统地层,下覆第四系上更新统、中更新统、下更新统及新近系上新统、中新统和古近系渐新统等地层。其中,全新统岩性主要为黄色黏性土与粉细砂互层,厚度为50~60 m,层底埋深为50~60 m;上更新统岩性主要为黄灰色、黄绿色、灰色细砂、粉细砂夹多层黏砂土及含淤泥质砂黏土,厚度为100~120 m,层底埋深为160~180 m;中更新统岩性主要为兰灰色、绿色、青灰色、局部灰黑色淤泥质黏土、黏砂土夹粉细砂;下更新统岩性主要为灰黄色、棕黄色砂黏土与粉细砂互层,底部有粗砂细砾石层及钙质砂砾岩,底界埋深约1 800~2 400 m[8-10]。新近系上新统岩性主要为紫红色、砖红色砂质黏土或黏土岩、棕红色砂砾岩,最大厚度为6 000 m;中新统岩性主要为杂色细碎屑岩夹泥灰岩,最大厚度为3 800 m;古近系渐新统岩性为一套暗色细碎屑岩,最大厚度为2 600 m[8]。
色尔腾山山前断裂在第四纪时期发生了剧烈的活动,在山麓的南坡普遍发育Ⅱ~Ⅳ级台地,其中Ⅰ级台地形成于全新世,Ⅱ~Ⅳ级台地形成于晚更新世晚期[8]。Ⅰ级台地主要出露全新统地层,岩性主要为砾石、含角砾砂土、亚黏土;Ⅱ级台地主要出露上更新统地层,岩性为一套黄绿色粉细砂层、砂砾石层,具水平层理、纹层层理,厚度一般为13~35 m,最厚大于65 m[8]。由全新统松散堆积物构成的断层陡坎沿色尔腾山山前断裂断续分布,位于Ⅰ级台地前缘,陡坎坡脚为10°~25°,陡坎高度为2.7~12 m[8]。
陈立春等[5]根据色尔腾山山前断裂的几何形态、晚第四纪活动构造特征、古地震活动性和分段边界构造特征等方面的研究,将色尔腾山山前断裂划分为乌加河段(东乌盖沟-大后店)、乌句蒙口-东风村段(大后店-得令山)、大佘太段(得令山-小佘太沟口)和乌兰忽洞段(小佘太沟口-台梁)4段,其间的段落边界分别为大后店山咀、得令山山咀和小佘太沟口阶区,每段平均垂直位移速率依次为0.22 mm/a(29.46 ka BP以来)、0.20 mm/a(29.46 ka BP以来)、0.08 mm/a(18.03 ka BP以来)、0.11 mm/a(约18.03 ka BP以来)。
沿色尔腾山山前断裂开展的探槽古地震研究证实,该断裂全新世以来有2~5次断错地表的古地震事件,大致重复间隔为3 000~5 000 a,最近一次强震事件发生在距今3 250 a左右[5]。该断裂普遍错断山麓地区上更新统与全新统地层,晚更新世以来上升盘活动速率为0.74~1.81 mm/a,全新世活动速率为0.86~2.28 mm/a,断裂最新活动时代为全新世晚期[10]。
横跨色尔腾山山前断裂布置一条浅层地震勘探测线,测线编号L1,测线长度10.77 km。测线北端起始于大后店村北,沿一条乡村道路从北向南穿过大后店村,再沿X708县道途经大后圪旦、杨宝圪旦、和丰村,南端止于鼓匠圪旦村北(图1(b))。
地震数据采集采用法国Sercel公司的508XT数字地震仪和DSU1-508数字检波器,地震波激发采用P26型可控震源。排列采用内部激发、中间不对称接收的观测系统;采样间隔为1 ms,记录长度为2 s,道间距为3 m,炮间距为15 m,接收道数为600道,覆盖次数为60次。
由于测线局部存在弯曲,采用弯线技术对数据进行处理,避免因测线弯度引起虚假地下构造的情况。经过解码和数据输入、几何扩散补偿、叠前去噪、静校正、NMO校正、剩余静校正、CMP叠加、叠后去噪等处理,获得L1浅层地震勘探测线叠加时间剖面,具体见图2(a)。
在剖面双程走时800 ms以上共解释了4个地层反射界面,图2中分别标识为TQ4、TQ2、T3、T4。在L1测线东侧约4.3 km的姚亮湾附近钻孔中,上更新统地层厚度为128.42 m,全新统地层厚度为51.02 m[11];在桩号5 400 m处的钻孔L1BK1中,全新统底界埋深为54.95 m,孔底深度100 m处未揭穿上更新统底界。结合这2个钻孔和其他资料[8-9],将TQ4解译为全新统底界面,埋深为30~55 m;TQ3解译为上更新统底界,埋深为160~180 m;T3解译为中更新统底界,埋深为380~460 m;T4解译为下更新统内部一个强反射界面,埋深为500~640 m(图2(b))。
根据剖面中反射波组特征和断层在剖面上的判断依据,在剖面上解释了3个断层,图2中分别标识为FP1、FP1.1、FP2。其中,FP1为正断层,视倾向南,可分辨的上断点埋深约为20 m,该深度垂直断距为2~4 m,其下降盘存在分支断层FP1.1;FP1.1为正断层,视倾向南,可分辨的上断点埋深约为40 m,该深度垂直断距为2~4 m;FP2发育在色尔腾山山前盆地内部,为正断层,视倾向南,可分辨的上断点埋深约为220 m,该深度垂直断距约为3~5 m。结合第四系地层资料,初步推测FP2为一条中更新世断裂,是色尔腾山山前盆地内的一条阶梯状隐伏断裂。
为进一步确定L1浅层地震勘探测线解释出的断层FP1的空间位置(几何结构)、上断点埋深、垂直断距、最新活动时代等活动性参数,以断层FP1在地表的垂直投影为中心,沿L1浅层地震勘探测线布置钻孔,开展钻孔联合地质剖面探测工作。该钻孔联合地质剖面位于乌拉特中旗大后店村,称为大后店钻孔联合地质剖面,剖面长度90 m。钻孔平面布置和施工顺序采用对折法[12],平面布置见图1(c),钻孔在浅层地震勘探测线上的位置见图3。钻探场地位于色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地上,受修建乡村道路等人类工程活动影响,钻探场地地形北高南低,采用DZS3-1水准仪进行实地测量,钻孔联合地质剖面两端钻孔ZK1、ZK2孔口之间高差为4.5 m。
根据6个钻孔岩芯的地层岩性、颜色、密实度、地层结构、胶结程度、土样品年代测试数据等因素,将大后店钻孔联合地质剖面探测揭示的30 m深度内的地层划分为7层,各层岩性特征描述见表1,并绘制大后店钻孔联合地质剖面,见图4。在第5层采集了2个光释光样品,由山东省地震工程研究院完成测试,得到的测年结果见表2。根据岩芯岩性特征,结合光释光年龄和区域第四纪地质研究成果[13],将大后店钻孔联合地质剖面中的第1层划为新近系上新统(N2)地层,第2~7层划为全新统(Qh)地层。如图4所示,大后店钻孔联合地质剖面划分出Fa、Fb两个断层。
Fa断层视倾向175°,陡倾角,为正断层。上断点位于钻孔ZK5和ZK4之间第6层粉砂顶部,埋深为1.0 m,上覆最老地层为第7层填土。断层在第5层底界面处垂直断距为0.5 m,在第2层底界面处垂直断距为0.7 m,断错全新统地层底界面的垂直断距为0.7 m。
Fb断层视倾向175°,陡倾角,为正断层。上断点位于钻孔ZK3与ZK5之间第6层粉砂顶部,埋深为0.7m,上覆最老地层为第7层填土。断层在第6层底界面处垂直断距为1.1 m,第5层底界面处垂直断距为1.1 m,在第2层底界面处垂直断距为2.7 m。断层断错全新统地层底界面的垂直断距为2.7 m,全新世(12 ka BP)以来的平均垂直位移速率为0.23 mm/a。
通过地质调查,在L1浅层地震勘探测线附近发现了色尔腾山山前断裂S1、S2二个断层露头(图1(a))。
S1断层露头位于乌加河村东北的色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地前缘。露头揭示的断层上盘地层主要为上更新统及全新统砾石层,下盘地层主要为上更新统砾石层及侏罗系砾岩(图5(a)、5(b)和表3)。
S1断层露头揭示的断层带由A1、A2、A3组成,断层带厚度为0.5 m。其中,A1主要由褐黄色黏土组成,呈薄层状,薄层面平行于断层面;A2主要由灰色含角砾粗砂组成;A3主要由灰色、褐色砂砾石组成,砾石长轴基本呈定向排列,砾石扁面基本与断层面平行。断层断错了地表地层U5顶部。露头揭示的断层为正断层,产状184°∠80°,其最新活动时代为全新世。
S2断层露头位于李贵圪旦东北的色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地前缘上部,揭示的断层下盘地层主要为上更新统细砂层及含砂砾石层,上盘地层主要为全新统含砂砾石层(图5(c)、5(d)和表4),断层带厚度为0.2~0.3 m,主要由砾砂组成,呈板状。断层带中砾石长轴基本呈定向排列,砾石扁面基本与断层面平行。断层断错了地表地层U3顶部,露头揭示的断层为正断层,产状216°∠72°,其最新活动时代为全新世。
1) 如图1(c)和图6所示,将FP1.1上断点沿断层面倾斜线向上延伸至地表,其交点位置位于G335国道北侧。通过地质地貌调查发现,G335国道北侧基本位于色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地的前缘,是色尔腾山山前断裂的主断裂在地表的位置。由此判断,FP1.1断层的最新活动时代为全新世。
2) 经大后店钻孔联合地质剖面探测发现了2个断层Fa、Fb,均位于色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地内部。其中,Fa断点位于钻孔ZK5与ZK4之间,Fb断点位于钻孔ZK3与ZK5之间。如图6所示,将Fa和Fb沿断层面倾斜线向下延伸,可以与FP1的断层面倾斜线相连接。FP1在近地表由FP1.1、Fa、Fb组成,说明FP1断层在近地表呈叉状结构。
在大后店钻孔联合地质剖面中,断层Fa、Fb都断错了近地表的第5和第6层,大后店钻孔联合地质剖面断层的最老上覆层仅为第7层填土,无法由其地层年代来确定断层Fa、Fb的最新活动年代。第5层2个OSL年龄数据分别为2.5±0.6 ka BP、5.1±2.2 ka BP,由此判断断层Fa、Fb的最新活动时代晚于2.5±0.6 ka BP,属于全新世。与前人取得的色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段的最新活动时代4 180±1 380 a BP[3]相比,本次取得的色尔腾山山前断裂大后店处断层Fa、Fb的最新活动时代稍新一些。
3) 如图2(a)所示,通过L1浅层地震勘探时间剖面可以得到色尔腾山山前断裂在大后店村附近的2个断层FP1、FP1.1,可分辨的FP1、FP1.1上断点埋深分别为20 m和40 m。由于浅层地震勘探时间剖面在30~50 ms以上的反射波组不发育,存在探测盲区,不能反映近地表的地质结构与构造,因此图2中的断层FP1、FP1.1难以延伸到地表,其上断点附近的Qp3、N2薄层也难以在图2(b)中解译出来。这表明,仅靠浅层地震勘探时间剖面难以准确给出近地表活动断层(特别是全新世断层)的上断点位置和埋深,还需结合地质地貌调查、槽探或钻孔联合地质剖面探测等技术手段,以对活动断层,特别是全新世活动断层进行精确定位,并厘定断层的活动性参数。
4) 通过综合浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合地质剖面探测和地质地貌调查等手段,查明色尔腾山山前断裂在近地表呈叉状结构(图6),是该断裂在晚第四纪具有多次活动的反映。其中,FP1为色尔腾山山前断裂,其向上延伸分叉为3个断层:FP1.1、Fa、Fb,最新活动时代皆为全新世。图6还反映了断裂FP1的活动在近地表由Fa、Fb向南(向临河盆地方向)迁移到FP1.1。
5) 断层Fb断错全新统底界面的垂直断距为2.7 m,其全新世(12 ka BP)以来的平均垂直位移速率为0.23 mm/a,全新世中期(8.0 ka BP)以来的垂直位移速率为0.38 mm/a。与色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段全新世早中期(8.83~5.57 ka BP)以来的垂直位移速率0.56~0.88 mm/a[5]相比,本次大后店钻孔联合地质剖面得到的色尔腾山山前断裂分支断层Fb的垂直位移速率较小。二者平均垂直位移速率数据存在差异的原因主要在于:1)断层Fb是色尔腾山山前断裂的分支断层,其全新世以来的平均垂直位移速率是色尔腾山山前断裂分支断层的平均垂直位移速率,而色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段的垂直位移速率是色尔腾山山前断裂主断裂上的平均垂直位移速率;2)两者采用的计算方法不同,断层Fb全新世以来的平均垂直位移速率是通过大后店钻孔联合地质剖面的钻孔中同一地层的垂直位错量估算而来,而色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段的平均垂直位移速率是通过Ⅰ级台地的高度和台地堆积物年龄估算得到的。
6) 色尔腾山山前断裂所在区域在燕山期的构造运动十分强烈,普遍发育强烈褶皱及断裂活动,形成一系列逆断层。新生代以来色尔腾山山前断裂垂直差异活动强烈,并具有间歇性活动特征,南盘下降,北盘抬升,在色尔腾山南麓形成近EW向的山前正倾滑断裂,在断裂南侧形成河套断陷盆地(临河断陷盆地)[8]。第四纪中更新世,在临河盆地内距色尔腾山山前断裂约3.8 km处发育了一条正断层(FP2),倾向南(图7(a));全新世,色尔腾山山前断裂乌加河段发生了3[8]~5期[5]地质活动,该断裂在大后店村近地表处发育了FP1.1、Fa、Fb断层,形成了较复杂的叉状结构,断裂活动具有由北(Fa、Fb)向南(FP1.1)迁移的特征(图7(b))。
1) 基于纵波浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合地质剖面探测和地质地貌调查,认为色尔腾山山前断裂在大后店村附近的近地表呈叉状结构。浅层地震勘探时间剖面解释出的色尔腾山山前断裂的断层FP1、FP1.1均为正断层,视倾向南。FP1沿断层面倾斜线向上延伸出断层FP1.1;断层FP1.1再向上延伸与地表的交点位置位于色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地的前缘,为色尔腾山山前断裂的主断裂处,最新活动时代为全新世。断层FP1沿断层面倾斜线向上在色尔腾山山前Ⅰ级台地内部延伸出断层Fa、Fb,二者为全新世断层,最新活动时代晚于2.5±0.6 ka BP。
2) 在横跨活动断层,特别是全新世活动断层的纵波浅层地震勘探中,由于时间剖面在30~50 ms以上至地表的范围内缺少反射波组,存在探测盲区,纵波浅层地震勘探时间剖面常常难以反映出地表至地下20余米范围内活动断层上断点的准确位置,需要进一步开展横波浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合地质剖面探测、地质地貌调查、槽探等工作,来对纵波浅层地震勘探获得的活动断层进行精确定位及活动性参数研究。
3) 在色尔腾山山前盆地(L1测线范围)内存在隐伏断层FP2,其上断点埋深为220 m,为正断层,视倾向南,是色尔腾山山前盆地内部的一条隐伏中更新世断裂。

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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.139
  • 接收时间:2024-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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    1 中国地震局地球物理勘探中心, 郑州市文化路75号, 450002
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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