Article(id=1322933586667643565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, issueId=1322933542426116991, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709654400000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341545979, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341545979, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341545979, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341545979, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322933542426116991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='110', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736870400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341535431, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793341535431, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=80, endPage=85, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322933586915107502, articleId=1322933586667643565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=EN, title=Calculation Method and Accuracy Test of Ground Free Air Anomaly Grid, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

We calculate local terrain and isostatic correction using spectral combination and nested different topographic resolutions and determine the free air gravity anomaly grid by the gravity reduction method. The results show that the accuracy of terrain correction calculated by the spectral combination method is the best in the test area, and the accuracy of isostatic correction calculated by nested different resolutions in the central and edge regions is best. When the integral radius is 1° and 2°, there is little difference between the local terrain correction, and the isostatic correction results differ significantly. The accuracy of free air gravity anomaly grid results obtained from the complete Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies by gravity reduction is the same, and the accuracy of the results is much higher than that obtained from the direct grid of free air gravity anomalies at ground points.

, authors=Wenchao WANG1, Hui ZHAO1, *, Jingjuan MENG1, Xiaoyan GENG1, Xiali WANG1, Huanling LIU2, 3, 4, authorsList=Wenchao WANG, Hui ZHAO, Jingjuan MENG, Xiaoyan GENG, Xiali WANG, Huanling LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui ZHAO, authorNote=

WANG Wenchao, engineer, majors in geodetic data processing, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=All rights reserved, without authorization, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322933590329270979, articleId=1322933586667643565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, language=CN, title=陆地自由空气重力异常格网计算方法及精度检验, columnId=1322506242858271689, journalTitle=大地测量与地球动力学, columnName=地球物理解释, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用谱组合和不同地形分辨率嵌套的方式计算局部地形和均衡改正, 并利用重力归算方法计算实验区的自由空气重力异常格网。结果表明, 在实验区内由谱组合法计算的局部地形改正精度最优, 在中央区和边缘区采用不同分辨率嵌套计算的均衡改正精度最优; 积分半径为1°和2°时, 局部地形改正的计算结果相差不大, 均衡改正相差较大; 由完全布格与均衡重力异常经重力归算后的自由空气重力异常格网结果精度相同, 较由地面点自由空气重力异常直接网格化得到的结果精度有大幅提升。

, authors=王文超1, 赵辉1, *, 孟静娟1, 耿晓燕1, 王夏莉1, 刘焕玲2, 3, 4, authorsList=王文超, 赵辉, 孟静娟, 耿晓燕, 王夏莉, 刘焕玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵辉, authorNote=

王文超, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量数据处理研究, E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=

赵辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事大地测量数据处理研究, E-mail:

ZHAO Hui, senior engineer, majors in geodetic data processing, E-mail:

, copyrightStatement=版权所有,未经授权。, copyrightOwner=大地测量与地球动力学编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=KI4X+pU626ss1PiSar9NOA==, magXml=c8tRvBrbcTtMovG++eDZgA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=Ans/m5DQi27ER4yLAhu9eQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=BZKR5iGOf1+emCXpKbBWpA==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322940336846287447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933586667643565, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangwenchao.sd@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322940336980505177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1281212831689347082, articleId=1322933586667643565, authorId=1322940336846287447, language=EN, stringName=Wenchao WANG, firstName=Wenchao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1 Geodetic Data Processing Center, MNR, 334 East-Youyi Road, Xi'an 710054, China, bio={"content":"

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Statistics of result difference between scheme 2, 3 and scheme 1

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类型 方案 积分半径1° 积分半径2°
最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差
局部地形改正 中央区3′ 15.70 -8.10 0.13 0.69 16.01 -8.00 0.14 0.70
中央区12′ 10.27 -17.43 0.02 0.62 10.57 -17.20 0.02 0.63
中央区30′ 9.32 -19.18 -0.01 0.62 9.55 -18.95 -0.00 0.63
谱组合 1.23 -0.07 0.00 0.01 1.26 -0.08 0.00 0.01
均衡改正 中央区3′ 0.01 -1.09 -0.82 0.21 0.07 -0.69 -0.50 0.13
中央区12′ 0.01 -1.03 -0.81 0.20 0.10 -0.71 -0.48 0.12
中央区30′ 0.07 -0.23 -0.05 0.03 0.45 -0.24 0.27 0.12
谱组合 12.94 -4.40 0.50 1.58 12.80 -6.16 0.08 1.74
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方案2、3与方案1的结果差异统计

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类型 方案 积分半径1° 积分半径2°
最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差
局部地形改正 中央区3′ 15.70 -8.10 0.13 0.69 16.01 -8.00 0.14 0.70
中央区12′ 10.27 -17.43 0.02 0.62 10.57 -17.20 0.02 0.63
中央区30′ 9.32 -19.18 -0.01 0.62 9.55 -18.95 -0.00 0.63
谱组合 1.23 -0.07 0.00 0.01 1.26 -0.08 0.00 0.01
均衡改正 中央区3′ 0.01 -1.09 -0.82 0.21 0.07 -0.69 -0.50 0.13
中央区12′ 0.01 -1.03 -0.81 0.20 0.10 -0.71 -0.48 0.12
中央区30′ 0.07 -0.23 -0.05 0.03 0.45 -0.24 0.27 0.12
谱组合 12.94 -4.40 0.50 1.58 12.80 -6.16 0.08 1.74
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Accuracy statistics of the free air gravity anomaly grid obtained by different schemes

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Δgair 积分半径 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差
方案1 96.04 -88.40 1.95 20.98
方案2 1° 20.55 -17.07 -1.79 6.52
方案3 20.90 -17.04 -1.76 6.54
方案2 2° 20.68 -17.09 -1.80 6.52
方案3 20.93 -17.08 -1.77 6.53
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不同方案得到的自由空气重力异常格网精度统计

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Δgair 积分半径 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准差
方案1 96.04 -88.40 1.95 20.98
方案2 1° 20.55 -17.07 -1.79 6.52
方案3 20.90 -17.04 -1.76 6.54
方案2 2° 20.68 -17.09 -1.80 6.52
方案3 20.93 -17.08 -1.77 6.53
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陆地自由空气重力异常格网计算方法及精度检验
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王文超 1 , 赵辉 1, * , 孟静娟 1 , 耿晓燕 1 , 王夏莉 1 , 刘焕玲 2, 3, 4
大地测量与地球动力学 | 地球物理解释 2025,45(1): 80-85
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大地测量与地球动力学 |地球物理解释 2025 , 45 (1) : 80 -85
陆地自由空气重力异常格网计算方法及精度检验
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3 Beijing Fangshan Satellite Laser Ranging National Observation and Research Station, Longmenkou Village, Beijing 100036, China
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3 北京房山人卫激光国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京市龙门口村, 100036
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王文超1 , 赵辉1, * , 孟静娟1, 耿晓燕1, 王夏莉1, 刘焕玲2, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1 国家自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路334号, 710054
  • 2 中国测绘科学研究院, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100036
  • 3 北京房山人卫激光国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京市龙门口村, 100036
  • 4 测绘科学与地球空间信息技术自然资源部重点实验室, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100036
通讯作者:

赵辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事大地测量数据处理研究, E-mail:

ZHAO Hui, senior engineer, majors in geodetic data processing, E-mail:

作者简介:

王文超, 工程师, 主要从事大地测量数据处理研究, E-mail:

Calculation Method and Accuracy Test of Ground Free Air Anomaly Grid
Wenchao WANG1 , Hui ZHAO1, * , Jingjuan MENG1, Xiaoyan GENG1, Xiali WANG1, Huanling LIU2, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 Geodetic Data Processing Center, MNR, 334 East-Youyi Road, Xi'an 710054, China
  • 2 Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, 28 West-Lianhuachi Road, Beijing 100036, China
  • 3 Beijing Fangshan Satellite Laser Ranging National Observation and Research Station, Longmenkou Village, Beijing 100036, China
  • 4 Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology, MNR, 28 West-Lianhuachi Road, Beijing 100036, China
  • WANG Wenchao, engineer, majors in geodetic data processing, E-mail:

出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092
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采用谱组合和不同地形分辨率嵌套的方式计算局部地形和均衡改正, 并利用重力归算方法计算实验区的自由空气重力异常格网。结果表明, 在实验区内由谱组合法计算的局部地形改正精度最优, 在中央区和边缘区采用不同分辨率嵌套计算的均衡改正精度最优; 积分半径为1°和2°时, 局部地形改正的计算结果相差不大, 均衡改正相差较大; 由完全布格与均衡重力异常经重力归算后的自由空气重力异常格网结果精度相同, 较由地面点自由空气重力异常直接网格化得到的结果精度有大幅提升。

重力归算  /  局部地形改正  /  均衡改正  /  重力异常

We calculate local terrain and isostatic correction using spectral combination and nested different topographic resolutions and determine the free air gravity anomaly grid by the gravity reduction method. The results show that the accuracy of terrain correction calculated by the spectral combination method is the best in the test area, and the accuracy of isostatic correction calculated by nested different resolutions in the central and edge regions is best. When the integral radius is 1° and 2°, there is little difference between the local terrain correction, and the isostatic correction results differ significantly. The accuracy of free air gravity anomaly grid results obtained from the complete Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies by gravity reduction is the same, and the accuracy of the results is much higher than that obtained from the direct grid of free air gravity anomalies at ground points.

gravity reduction  /  local terrain correction  /  isostatic correction  /  gravity anomaly
王文超, 赵辉, 孟静娟, 耿晓燕, 王夏莉, 刘焕玲. 陆地自由空气重力异常格网计算方法及精度检验. 大地测量与地球动力学, 2025 , 45 (1) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092
Wenchao WANG, Hui ZHAO, Jingjuan MENG, Xiaoyan GENG, Xiali WANG, Huanling LIU. Calculation Method and Accuracy Test of Ground Free Air Anomaly Grid[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 80 -85 . DOI: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092
自由空气重力异常是地震[1]、板块运动[2]、地质勘探[3]等领域的重要资料,也是大地水准面[4]计算的重力基础资料,且常需规则格网化资料,因此,高精度自由空气重力异常格网的计算具有重要意义。自由空气重力异常是地面实测重力值经高度改正归算至大地水准面,再减去参考椭球面的正常重力值得到的重力差异,其反映的是实际地球形状和质量分布与参考椭球的差异。自由空气重力异常格网计算的主要方法是重力归算,其核心是计算局部地形和均衡改正。目前,局部地形和均衡改正的计算方法主要有四棱柱法[5]和谱方法[6]。其中,四棱柱法属于严格积分法,计算精度较高,但计算效率较低,无法满足实际计算的需求。随着FFT技术的产生,各种积分计算的谱方法应运而生。由麻省理工学院(MIT)研发的FFTW程序集[7]的运算性能领先于其他FFT软件,可为谱方法的计算提供支持。谱方法虽然计算效率高,但由于受到积分核线性化截断误差的影响,计算精度较低。
为找到计算自由空气重力异常格网的最佳方案,本文利用实验区内的重力数据和地形数据,采用不同方案计算实验区内的局部地形和均衡改正,利用重力归算方式计算实验区内的自由空气重力异常格网,并对最终结果进行检核,进而根据统计结果确定计算自由空气重力异常格网的最优方案。
以计算点P点为原点,建立与四棱柱柱边平行的坐标系,x指向东,y指向北,z指向上,如图1所示。地形影响计算公式为[8]:
$\delta g=G \rho \iint\limits_{\sigma_{\text {cap }}} \int_{z_p}^z \frac{z-z_p}{l^3}\mathrm{d} z \mathrm{d} \sigma$
式中,δg为由地形计算的重力影响(若δg为局部地形改正,则ρ=ρ0,ρ0为地壳平均密度(取2.67 g/cm3);若δg为均衡改正,则ρ=Δρ,Δρ为地壳补偿密度); G为万有引力常数; zp为计算点高度; z为流动点高度; l为计算点与流动点的距离; σcap为积分范围;dσ为积分的面元。
将式(1)变换为以下形式[9]:
$\begin{gathered}\delta g=-G \rho\left(x_2 \ln A_1+x_1 \ln A_2+y_2 \ln B_1+\right. \\\left.y_1 \ln B_2-z_2 \arctan C_1+z_1 \arctan C_2\right)\end{gathered}$
令$r_{i j k}=\sqrt{x_i^2+y_j^2+z_k^2}, d_{i j k}=z_k r_{i j k} / x_i y_j$,i、j、k分别取1~2,则:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}A_1=\frac{\left(y_2+r_{222}\right)\left(y_1+r_{211}\right)}{\left(y_2+r_{221}\right)\left(y_1+r_{212}\right)} \\B_1=\frac{\left(x_2+r_{222}\right)\left(x_1+r_{121}\right)}{\left(x_2+r_{221}\right)\left(x_1+r_{122}\right)} \\A_2=\frac{\left(y_2+r_{121}\right)\left(y_1+r_{112}\right)}{\left(y_2+r_{122}\right)\left(y_1+r_{111}\right)} \\B_2=\frac{\left(x_2+r_{211}\right)\left(x_1+r_{112}\right)}{\left(x_2+r_{212}\right)\left(x_1+r_{111}\right)}\end{array}\right.$
令
$\begin{aligned}D_1 & =\frac{d_{222}+d_{112}}{1-d_{222} d_{112}}, D_2=\frac{d_{122}+d_{212}}{1-d_{122} d_{212}}, \\D_3 & =\frac{d_{121}+d_{211}}{1-d_{121} d_{211}}, D_4=\frac{d_{221}+d_{111}}{1-d_{221} d_{111}}\end{aligned}$
则
$C_1=\frac{D_1-D_2}{1+D_1 D_2}, C_2=\frac{D_3-D_4}{1+D_3 D_4}$
令z1=0,z2为计算点与流动点之间的高差,则局部地形改正计算公式为:
$\begin{gathered}\delta g_{\mathrm{TC}}=-G \rho_0\left(x_2 \ln A_1+x_1 \ln A_2+y_2 \ln B_1+\right. \\\left.y_1 \ln B_2-z_2 \arctan C_1\right)\end{gathered}$
均衡改正采用Airy-Heiskanen模型[10],均衡深度T一般为地壳平均厚度(取32 km),补偿深度取4.45H,H为流动点高程;补偿密度Δρ取0.6 g/cm3。令z1=-T,z2=-(T+4.45 H),则均衡改正计算公式为:
$\begin{gathered}\delta g_{\text {ISO}}=-G \Delta \rho\left(x_2 \ln A_1+x_1 \ln A_2+y_2 \ln B_1+\right. \\\left.y_1 \ln B_2-z_2 \arctan C_1+z_1 \arctan C_2\right)\end{gathered}$
局部地形改正计算公式为[11]:
$\delta g_{\mathrm{TC}}=G \rho_0 \iint\limits_\sigma \frac{1-\sqrt{1+(\Delta h / l)^2}}{l}\mathrm{d}\sigma$
式中,Δh为计算点与流动点之间的高差。对$ \sqrt{1+(\Delta h / l)^2}$进行Taylor级数展开,取前两项代入后得到:
$\begin{gathered}\delta g_{\mathrm{TC}}=\delta g_{\mathrm{TC} 1}+\delta g_{\mathrm{TC} 2}= \\\frac{1}{2} G \rho_0 \iint\limits_\sigma \frac{\Delta h^2}{l^3} \mathrm{d} \sigma-\frac{3}{8} G \rho_0 \iint\limits_\sigma \frac{\Delta h^4}{l^5} \mathrm{d} \sigma\end{gathered}$
利用2维FFT计算地形的谱表达式为:
$\begin{gathered}\delta g_{\mathrm{TC} 1}=\frac{1}{2} G \rho_0\left(\boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_2 \boldsymbol{R}_1\right]-2 h_p \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_1 \boldsymbol{R}_1\right]+\right. \\\left.h_p^2 \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_0 \boldsymbol{R}_1\right]\right)\end{gathered}$
$\begin{gathered}\delta g_{\mathrm{TC} 2}=-\frac{3}{8} G \rho_0\left(\boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\right)\left[\boldsymbol{H}_4 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]- \\4 h_p \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_3 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]+6 h_p^2 \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_2 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]- \\\left.4 h_p^3 \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_1 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]+h_p^4 \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{H}_0 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]\right)\end{gathered}$
式中,F2-1为2维FFT变换逆算子,F2为2维FFT变换算子;Hi=F2[Δhi],i取0~4;Rj=F2[1/l2j+1],j取1~2。
均衡改正采用Airy-Heiskanen模型,对均衡改正原始三重积分表达式在山根平均深度d0处进行Taylor级数展开,取前两项得到:
$\delta g_{\text {ISO}}=G \Delta \rho \int\limits_\sigma d \cdot r_1 \mathrm{d} \sigma+\frac{1}{2} G \Delta \rho \iint\limits_\sigma d^2 \cdot r_2 \mathrm{d} \sigma$
式中,d为流动点的补偿深度;r1和r2可表示为:
$\left\{\begin{array}{l}r_1=\frac{d_0}{r_0^3}+\frac{r_0^2-3 d_0^2}{r_0^5}\left(T-d_0\right) \\r_2=\frac{r_0^2-3 d_0^2}{r_0^5}\end{array}\right.$
利用2维FFT计算地形的谱表达式为:
$\delta g_{\text {ISO}}=G \Delta \rho \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{D}_1 \boldsymbol{R}_1\right]+\frac{1}{2} G \Delta \rho \boldsymbol{F}_2^{-1}\left[\boldsymbol{D}_2 \boldsymbol{R}_2\right]$
式中,$\boldsymbol{D}_i=\boldsymbol{F}_2\left[d^i\right], \boldsymbol{R}_j=\boldsymbol{F}_2\left[r_j\right]$,i和j均取1~2。
计算局部地形改正时,当流动点与计算点重合时,积分发生奇异。对于奇异积分问题,可采用坡度法进行处理。如图2所示,P22为需要计算的奇异点,地形坡度计算公式为[12]:
$\begin{aligned}& h_x=\left(\left(h_{13}+2 h_{23}+h_{33}\right)-\right. \\& \left.\left(h_{11}+2 h_{21}+h_{31}\right)\right) /(8 R \Delta \varphi)\end{aligned}$
$\begin{gathered}h_y=\left(\left(h_{31}+2 h_{32}+h_{33}\right)-\right. \\\left.\left(h_{11}+2 h_{12}+h_{13}\right)\right) /\left(8 R \cos \varphi_p \Delta \lambda\right)\end{gathered}$
式中,R为地球平均半径;φp为计算点的纬度;Δφ、Δλ为像元对应的地心角弧度。由地形坡度计算奇异点的局部地形改正公式为[13]:
$\delta g_{\mathrm{TC}_0}=\frac{1}{2} G \rho_0 R \sqrt{\pi \cos \varphi_p \Delta \varphi \Delta \lambda}\left(h_x^2+h_y^2\right)$
式中,δgTC0为奇异点的局部地形改正。
实验区选择我国西部某一高山地区,图3为该区地形图。实验区面积约为51.3万km2,区中最大高程为8 252.9 m,最小高程为79.6 m,平均高程为4 353.7 m,区内地形跌宕起伏,适合作为本实验的研究区域。
地面重力数据是由重力仪观测的地面点重力值,区域内共包含6 033个重力点(图4)。从图中可以看出,在地形起伏较大的区域,由于观测比较困难,缺少重力点,为保证格网化精度,本实验在空白区采用由ICGEM官网发布的XGM2019e_2159重力场模型[14]计算的重力值进行补充(图5)。为验证重力归算后的结果精度,本实验在6 033个重力点中均匀挑选112个点作为外检点(图6)。
地形数据采用由美国航空航天局(NASA)和国防部国家测绘局(NIMA)联合测量的SRTM(shuttle radar topography mission)数据,该数据每个经纬度方格提供一个文件,精度有1″和3″两种,称作SRTM1和SRTM3。SRTM1文件包含3 600×3 600个采样点的高程数据,格网尺度约30 m;SRTM3文件包含1 200×1 200个采样点的高程数据,格网尺度约90 m。本实验区采用SRTM3文件数据。
谱方法计算效率较高,但精度较低。为了同时兼顾局部地形和均衡改正的计算精度和效率,在本实验中,局部地形改正和均衡改正计算采用3套方案:方案1,中央区和边缘区计算均采用四棱柱方法,所用地形数据分辨率均为3″;方案2,中央区和边缘区计算采用不同分辨率地形数据嵌套计算方法(图7),即中央区和边缘区计算均采用四棱柱法,其中,中央区所用地形数据分辨率为3″,积分半径分别取为3′、12′和30′,边缘区所用地形数据分辨率为30″;方案3,局部地形改正和均衡改正计算均采用谱组合法。在方案3中,对于局部地形改正的谱组合法,中央区计算采用四棱柱法,边缘区采用谱方法,中央区和边缘区所用地形数据分辨率均为3″,中央区积分半径取为3′。对于均衡改正的谱组合法,采用不同补偿深度参考面嵌套计算方法(图8),首先,补偿参考面T至补偿参考深度T1处的均衡改正采用四棱柱法进行计算,补偿参考深度T1取区域内最低处的均衡补偿参考深度,补偿参考深度T1至山根处的均衡改正采用谱方法进行计算。
按照方案1、2和3分别计算实验区内的局部地形和均衡改正,积分半径取1°和2°,计算结果格网分辨率取90″。以方案1为参考,将方案2、3的计算结果与方案1进行比较,差异统计结果见表1(单位mGal)。
从表1可以看出,由谱组合法计算得到的局部地形改正结果最优,标准差为0.01 mGal,中央区和边缘区嵌套计算结果的标准差均在0.65mGal左右,比谱方法要差,主要原因为谱组合法在边缘区采用高分辨率地形数据,而嵌套计算方法在边缘区采用低分辨率地形数据。对于均衡改正实验计算结果,由中央区和边缘区嵌套计算的均衡改正结果最优,其中,中央区积分半径取30′且边缘区积分半径取1°时,标准差为0.03 mGal;中央区积分半径取30′且边缘区积分半径取2°时,标准差为0.12 mGal,这是由边缘区使用低分辨率地形数据所致。因此,在使用中央区和边缘区嵌套计算方法时,需要随着边缘区积分半径的扩大,中央区的积分半径也随之扩大。采用谱组合法得到的均衡改正结果的标准差在1.6 mGal左右,差异最大值接近13 mGal,精度较差。
综上可知,本实验区内的局部地形改正计算采用谱组合方法,均衡改正采用中央区和边缘区嵌套计算方法,均衡改正中央区积分半径采用30′,计算结果分辨率为30″,具体见图9、10。由图可见,当积分半径取1°和2°时,局部地形改正结果差异不大,但均衡改正结果相差较大,在实验区内差异达到将近100 mGal。
首先利用地面点上的重力值计算地面重力点上的自由空气、完全布格和均衡重力异常;然后分别对各个重力点上的3种重力异常进行网格化,获得三者的重力异常格网。
获取自由空气重力异常格网的方式有3种:方案1,利用地面重力点上的自由空气重力异常直接获得;方案2,利用完全布格重力异常格网,减去局部地形改正和层间改正得到;方案3,利用均衡重力异常格网减去均衡改正、局部地形和层间改正得到。
利用§2.2计算的实验区局部地形改正和均衡改正格网,采用双线性内插方法内插各个重力点上的局部地形和均衡改正。其中,局部地形改正采用由谱方法计算的结果,均衡改正采用由中央区30′和边缘区嵌套计算的结果,积分半径分别取1°和2°。
为验证重力归算对自由空气重力异常格网精度的贡献,本实验网格化过程仅采用Kriging网格化方法,并以实验前挑选的112个外检点的自由空气重力异常作为检核标准。由不同方案获得的自由空气重力异常格网结果的外符合精度统计见表2(单位mGal)。
由表2可见,直接由地面自由空气重力异常得到的结果标准差为20.98 mGal,最大值达到96.04 mGal;由完全布格和均衡重力异常恢复的地面自由空气重力异常格网精度均在6.5 mGal左右,最大值约为21 mGal,精度有大幅提升。通过改变不同的积分半径可以看出,在积分半径取1°的基础上,扩大积分半径,对本实验区最终格网结果几乎无影响。对比方案2和方案3结果可以看出,由均衡重力异常恢复后获得的自由空气重力异常格网与完全布格重力异常恢复后获得的结果精度相同,其原因主要为实验区内重力观测的空白区经过模型填充,完全布格重力异常和均衡重力异常格网化精度基本一致,使得恢复后的自由空气重力异常格网精度相当。
本文采用不同方案计算实验区局部地形和均衡改正,得出局部地形改正计算使用谱组合方法精度较好;均衡改正计算使用中央区和边缘区嵌套方法精度较好,计算均衡改正时,需要根据边缘区积分半径确定中央区积分半径的大小。使用不同积分半径得到的局部地形改正结果相差不大,但均衡改正结果差异较大,达到将近100 mGal。由完全布格和均衡重力异常经过重力归算获得的自由空气重力异常格网,与直接由地面点计算的自由空气重力异常格网相比,精度有大幅提升。积分半径分别为1°和2°时,实验区自由空气重力异常格网结果精度相当,说明在大部分区域,积分半径取1°计算的局部地形改正和均衡改正可以满足重力归算的需求,而在计算大地水准面时,地形影响的积分半径需另行确定。在实验区中地形变化剧烈的区域,由于缺乏足够的重力观测数据,导致无法对该区进行检核;其他区域的完全布格和均衡重力异常经重力归算后的自由空气重力异常结果精度相同,说明局部地形改正比均衡改正对重力归算的贡献大,在大部分区域只需要计算局部地形改正就可以满足重力归算需求。均衡假说理论主要是对地壳进行密度补偿,均衡改正结果比较平滑,而影响自由空气重力异常精度的主要是地形的高频部分,因此,局部地形改正计算精度仍需进一步提升。
  • 武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202213)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092
  • 接收时间:2024-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-06
基金
Open Fund of Wuhan Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides, National Observation and Research Station(WHYWZ202213)
武汉引力与固体潮国家野外科学观测研究站开放基金(WHYWZ202213)
作者信息
    1 国家自然资源部大地测量数据处理中心, 西安市友谊东路334号, 710054
    2 中国测绘科学研究院, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100036
    3 北京房山人卫激光国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京市龙门口村, 100036
    4 测绘科学与地球空间信息技术自然资源部重点实验室, 北京市莲花池西路28号, 100036

通讯作者:

赵辉, 高级工程师, 主要从事大地测量数据处理研究, E-mail:

ZHAO Hui, senior engineer, majors in geodetic data processing, E-mail:

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ddcl/CN/10.14075/j.jgg.2024.03.092
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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