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Article(id=1239152911796728487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11686/cyxb2019567, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1577030400000, receivedDateStr=2019-12-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773366676520, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1605801600000, pubDateStr=2020-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773366676520, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773366676520, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773366676520, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239152904658022886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, year='2020', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773366674818, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773366910226, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239153892072673913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239153892072673914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=190, endPage=197, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239152913327649497, articleId=1239152911796728487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, language=EN, title=Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows, columnId=0, journalTitle=Acta Prataculturae Sinica, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rumen degradation characteristics of conventional roughage (corncob, soybean pod shell) and unconventional roughage (corn silage, alfalfa hay) for dairy cows. Three Holstein cows with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) using the nylon-bag technique. It was found that: 1) The CP content in alfalfa hay (17.55%) was significantly higher than that in soybean pod shell (11.10%; P<0.05). The CP content in corncob (2.97%) was significantly lower than that in corn silage (8.41%; P<0.05). The NDF and ADF content in corncob (79.98% and 43.35%, respectively) were significantly higher than in the other three feedstuffs (P<0.05). 2) The DM effective degradability of alfalfa hay was the highest (P<0.05) among the tested feedstuffs, which ranked: alfalfa hay>soybean pod shell>corn silage>corncob. The CP effective degradability of soybean pod shell was significantly higher than the other three feedstuffs (P<0.05), which ranked: soybean pod shell>alfalfa hay>corn silage>corncob. The NDF effective degradability of alfalfa hay was significantly higher than soybean pod shell (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in NDF digestibility between corn silage and soybean pod shell (P<0.05). The ADF effective degradability of corncob was the highest (P<0.05) among the tested feedstuffs; there was no significant difference in ADF effective degradability between alfalfa hay, corn silage and soybean pod shell. In conclusion, corncob and soybean pod shell can be used as unconventional forage resources.

, correspAuthors=Miao LIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
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旨在探讨非常规粗饲料(玉米芯、毛豆荚壳)与奶牛常用粗饲料(苜蓿干草、玉米青贮)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律,试验选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法测定4种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解规律。结果表明:1)苜蓿干草和毛豆荚壳的CP含量分别为17.55%和11.10%,且苜蓿干草显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05);玉米芯和玉米青贮的CP含量分别为2.97%和8.41%,且玉米芯显著低于玉米青贮(P<0.05);玉米芯的NDF和ADF含量显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),达到79.98%和43.35%。2)苜蓿干草的DM有效降解率最高(P<0.05),由高到低依次为苜蓿干草、毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和玉米芯。毛豆荚壳的CP有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),由高到低依次为毛豆荚壳、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和玉米芯。苜蓿干草的NDF有效降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05);玉米芯的ADF有效降解率最高(P<0.05),苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,玉米芯和毛豆荚壳可作为非常规粗饲料资源加以开发利用。

, correspAuthors=林淼, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*通信作者. E-mail:
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作者简介:刘祥圣(1995-),男,江苏扬州人,在读硕士。E-mail:

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Protein supply from undegraded dietary protein. Journal of Dairy Science, 1986, 69(10): 2734-2749., articleTitle=Protein supply from undegraded dietary protein, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239152926569066782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=China Dairy Cattle, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Xu H, Li X. Effects of lignin on rumen degradability of rough fibers and advances in methods to improve rumen degradability of lignin. China Dairy Cattle, 2017, (4): 1-4., articleTitle=Effects of lignin on rumen degradability of rough fibers and advances in methods to improve rumen degradability of lignin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239152926690701603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=中国奶牛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许浩, 李翔. 木质素对粗纤维瘤胃降解率的影响及提高木质素瘤胃降解率方法的研究进展. 中国奶牛, 2017, (4): 1-4., articleTitle=木质素对粗纤维瘤胃降解率的影响及提高木质素瘤胃降解率方法的研究进展, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1239152921993080973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-36),江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目和江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程资助, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239152913772245764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239152913797411593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, companyId=1239152913772245764, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏 扬州 225009)]), AuthorCompany(id=1239152913910657812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239152913919046423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, companyId=1239152913910657812, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239152918323064856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Composition and nutrient levels of the basal diet

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料
Ingredient		 含量
Content (%DM)		 营养水平
Nutrient levels		 含量
Content (dry matter basis)
玉米 Corn 16.48 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) 15.02
大麦 Barley 5.04 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) 3.93
豆粕 Soybean meal 5.56 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 41.14
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal 4.01 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) 22.06
酒糟Distillers dried grains with solubles 6.36 钙 Ca (%) 0.76
食盐 NaCl 0.31 磷 P (%) 0.48
石粉 Limestone 0.32 产奶净能 Lactation net energy (MJ·kg-1) 6.27
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 0.36
小苏打 NaHCO3 0.36
预混料Premix1) 1.20
燕麦草 Oat hay 6.29
苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay 24.33
玉米青贮 Corn silage 29.38
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918419533852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

日粮配方与营养水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料
Ingredient		 含量
Content (%DM)		 营养水平
Nutrient levels		 含量
Content (dry matter basis)
玉米 Corn 16.48 粗蛋白 Crude protein (%) 15.02
大麦 Barley 5.04 粗脂肪 Ether extract (%) 3.93
豆粕 Soybean meal 5.56 中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber (%) 41.14
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal 4.01 酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber (%) 22.06
酒糟Distillers dried grains with solubles 6.36 钙 Ca (%) 0.76
食盐 NaCl 0.31 磷 P (%) 0.48
石粉 Limestone 0.32 产奶净能 Lactation net energy (MJ·kg-1) 6.27
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO4 0.36
小苏打 NaHCO3 0.36
预混料Premix1) 1.20
燕麦草 Oat hay 6.29
苜蓿干草 Alfalfa hay 24.33
玉米青贮 Corn silage 29.38
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918545362979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Nutrient composition of four feedstuffs (dry matter basis, %)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
干物质 Dry matter 93.62±0.42a 35.10±0.30c 27.90±0.43d 92.50±0.30b
粗蛋白 Crude protein 2.97±0.10d 11.10±0.12b 8.41±0.15c 17.55±0.50a
粗纤维 Crude fiber 39.64±0.54a 34.62±0.74b 27.58±0.39d 30.73±0.49c
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber 79.98±0.85a 51.71±0.58b 48.73±0.55c 45.79±0.68d
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber 43.35±0.36a 36.96±0.61b 29.41±0.14d 31.75±0.34c
酸性洗涤木质素 Acid detergent lignin 11.43±0.27a 7.11±0.72b 6.75±0.19b 7.03±0.86b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918654414889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4种粗饲料的营养成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
干物质 Dry matter 93.62±0.42a 35.10±0.30c 27.90±0.43d 92.50±0.30b
粗蛋白 Crude protein 2.97±0.10d 11.10±0.12b 8.41±0.15c 17.55±0.50a
粗纤维 Crude fiber 39.64±0.54a 34.62±0.74b 27.58±0.39d 30.73±0.49c
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber 79.98±0.85a 51.71±0.58b 48.73±0.55c 45.79±0.68d
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber 43.35±0.36a 36.96±0.61b 29.41±0.14d 31.75±0.34c
酸性洗涤木质素 Acid detergent lignin 11.43±0.27a 7.11±0.72b 6.75±0.19b 7.03±0.86b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918742495280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

DM ruminal degradability of four feedstuffs (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 13.45±0.87c 28.53±0.45b 29.02±0.57b 34.50±1.21a
8 15.49±1.54c 39.30±1.07a 33.34±0.46b 40.80±1.46a
12 20.70±1.25c 46.56±1.74a 41.46±1.27b 47.77±1.59a
24 30.94±0.83d 54.06±1.68b 50.92±0.54c 60.95±0.78a
36 45.46±1.49d 60.94±0.97b 57.71±2.07c 67.16±2.02a
48 54.81±1.63c 65.65±0.78b 64.18±0.75b 69.58±1.68a
72 60.31±1.19b 71.00±0.83a 69.85±0.49a 72.04±1.70a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918868324405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

4种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 13.45±0.87c 28.53±0.45b 29.02±0.57b 34.50±1.21a
8 15.49±1.54c 39.30±1.07a 33.34±0.46b 40.80±1.46a
12 20.70±1.25c 46.56±1.74a 41.46±1.27b 47.77±1.59a
24 30.94±0.83d 54.06±1.68b 50.92±0.54c 60.95±0.78a
36 45.46±1.49d 60.94±0.97b 57.71±2.07c 67.16±2.02a
48 54.81±1.63c 65.65±0.78b 64.18±0.75b 69.58±1.68a
72 60.31±1.19b 71.00±0.83a 69.85±0.49a 72.04±1.70a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152918981570619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

DM ruminal degradation parameters of four feedstuffs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 5.37±1.37b 22.31±0.62a 22.61±1.05a 23.44±2.13a
慢速降解部分 b (%) 73.38±4.00a 48.87±1.27b 52.02±1.01b 49.68±2.21b
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.021±0.003c 0.048±0.004a 0.033±0.003b 0.058±0.010a
有效降解率 ED (%) 34.53±1.06d 51.77±0.51b 49.21±0.27c 55.49±0.64a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919094816833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

4种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 5.37±1.37b 22.31±0.62a 22.61±1.05a 23.44±2.13a
慢速降解部分 b (%) 73.38±4.00a 48.87±1.27b 52.02±1.01b 49.68±2.21b
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.021±0.003c 0.048±0.004a 0.033±0.003b 0.058±0.010a
有效降解率 ED (%) 34.53±1.06d 51.77±0.51b 49.21±0.27c 55.49±0.64a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919233228873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

CP ruminal degradability of four feedstuffs (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 16.17±1.35d 51.62±0.98a 44.49±0.88b 41.70±0.83c
8 19.29±1.53c 59.48±0.34a 49.80±2.64b 51.40±2.07b
12 22.92±1.88c 64.88±3.87a 55.64±1.34b 59.64±1.65b
24 30.93±2.62c 71.05±1.04a 61.44±0.96b 73.75±1.74a
36 42.90±1.04d 76.88±0.47b 63.05±1.14c 82.22±2.59a
48 47.97±1.65c 81.68±1.94a 67.52±0.86b 83.56±0.92a
72 51.81±1.40d 88.23±0.84a 72.54±0.68c 85.04±0.76b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919342280780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

4种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 16.17±1.35d 51.62±0.98a 44.49±0.88b 41.70±0.83c
8 19.29±1.53c 59.48±0.34a 49.80±2.64b 51.40±2.07b
12 22.92±1.88c 64.88±3.87a 55.64±1.34b 59.64±1.65b
24 30.93±2.62c 71.05±1.04a 61.44±0.96b 73.75±1.74a
36 42.90±1.04d 76.88±0.47b 63.05±1.14c 82.22±2.59a
48 47.97±1.65c 81.68±1.94a 67.52±0.86b 83.56±0.92a
72 51.81±1.40d 88.23±0.84a 72.54±0.68c 85.04±0.76b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919535218773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

CP ruminal degradation parameters of four feedstuffs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 9.98±2.03d 48.46±0.50a 41.24±2.57b 27.60±2.98c
慢速降解部分 b (%) 51.34±3.42b 43.03±4.08c 32.09±1.32d 58.51±3.78a
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.026±0.004c 0.033±0.005bc 0.039±0.007b 0.067±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 33.04±1.00d 70.31±0.19a 58.96±0.52c 67.37±0.23b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919686213724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

4种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 9.98±2.03d 48.46±0.50a 41.24±2.57b 27.60±2.98c
慢速降解部分 b (%) 51.34±3.42b 43.03±4.08c 32.09±1.32d 58.51±3.78a
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.026±0.004c 0.033±0.005bc 0.039±0.007b 0.067±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 33.04±1.00d 70.31±0.19a 58.96±0.52c 67.37±0.23b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919799459936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

NDF ruminal degradability of four feedstuffs (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 8.73±0.43c 7.54±1.11c 10.27±0.25b 11.60±0.64a
8 11.49±1.36c 13.87±0.78b 14.51±0.77b 17.97±0.68a
12 17.87±1.00b 20.14±2.52b 19.74±1.06b 23.75±1.09a
24 28.63±0.62b 28.60±1.93b 32.15±1.67b 39.97±2.54a
36 44.48±1.24a 36.12±1.72b 43.45±3.87a 47.69±1.61a
48 55.87±1.69a 45.23±1.73c 49.76±2.14b 51.16±1.73b
72 61.93±1.84a 53.55±1.00b 59.14±1.70a 54.50±1.91b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152919883346022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

4种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 8.73±0.43c 7.54±1.11c 10.27±0.25b 11.60±0.64a
8 11.49±1.36c 13.87±0.78b 14.51±0.77b 17.97±0.68a
12 17.87±1.00b 20.14±2.52b 19.74±1.06b 23.75±1.09a
24 28.63±0.62b 28.60±1.93b 32.15±1.67b 39.97±2.54a
36 44.48±1.24a 36.12±1.72b 43.45±3.87a 47.69±1.61a
48 55.87±1.69a 45.23±1.73c 49.76±2.14b 51.16±1.73b
72 61.93±1.84a 53.55±1.00b 59.14±1.70a 54.50±1.91b
), ArticleFig(id=1239152920004980844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

NDF ruminal degradation parameters of four feedstuffs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 0.11±1.17b 3.62±1.00a 3.40±1.77a 0.62±0.88b
慢速降解部分 b (%) 83.08±5.41a 63.77±4.06bc 70.57±4.43b 56.18±2.18c
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.021±0.003b 0.021±0.003b 0.023±0.006b 0.048±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 32.82±0.83b 29.34±0.49c 32.72±0.64b 34.63±1.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152920130809970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

4种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 0.11±1.17b 3.62±1.00a 3.40±1.77a 0.62±0.88b
慢速降解部分 b (%) 83.08±5.41a 63.77±4.06bc 70.57±4.43b 56.18±2.18c
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.021±0.003b 0.021±0.003b 0.023±0.006b 0.048±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 32.82±0.83b 29.34±0.49c 32.72±0.64b 34.63±1.22a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152920231473272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

ADF ruminal degradability of four feedstuffs (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 7.24±0.32bc 5.97±1.66c 8.71±0.46ab 9.18±0.10a
8 10.90±0.96c 11.57±0.72c 13.12±0.51b 16.21±0.52a
12 17.46±0.86b 18.84±1.84b 19.29±0.92b 22.69±0.48a
24 26.63±1.44c 27.21±1.26c 30.98±2.05b 33.97±0.19a
36 40.43±1.34a 34.94±1.15b 42.57±3.18a 43.29±0.69a
48 53.04±1.56a 42.49±1.84c 46.75±1.13b 44.66±1.52bc
72 58.95±1.43a 50.46±1.41c 54.68±1.57b 48.97±1.55c
), ArticleFig(id=1239152920336330876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

4种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time (h) 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
4 7.24±0.32bc 5.97±1.66c 8.71±0.46ab 9.18±0.10a
8 10.90±0.96c 11.57±0.72c 13.12±0.51b 16.21±0.52a
12 17.46±0.86b 18.84±1.84b 19.29±0.92b 22.69±0.48a
24 26.63±1.44c 27.21±1.26c 30.98±2.05b 33.97±0.19a
36 40.43±1.34a 34.94±1.15b 42.57±3.18a 43.29±0.69a
48 53.04±1.56a 42.49±1.84c 46.75±1.13b 44.66±1.52bc
72 58.95±1.43a 50.46±1.41c 54.68±1.57b 48.97±1.55c
), ArticleFig(id=1239152921808531587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

ADF ruminal degradation parameters of four feedstuffs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 0.08±0.41a 1.40±2.53a 1.23±1.52a 0.12±0.44a
慢速降解部分 b (%) 80.77±0.91a 59.03±2.45b 61.42±0.95b 50.29±1.69c
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.019±0.001c 0.025±0.003bc 0.029±0.004b 0.049±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 30.83±1.00a 27.28±0.82b 30.64±0.72a 30.74±0.50a
), ArticleFig(id=1239152921892417670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911796728487, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

4种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Items 玉米芯Corncob 毛豆荚壳Soybean pod shell 玉米青贮Corn silage 苜蓿干草Alfalfa hay
快速降解部分 a (%) 0.08±0.41a 1.40±2.53a 1.23±1.52a 0.12±0.44a
慢速降解部分 b (%) 80.77±0.91a 59.03±2.45b 61.42±0.95b 50.29±1.69c
慢速降解部分的降解速率 c (%·h-1) 0.019±0.001c 0.025±0.003bc 0.029±0.004b 0.049±0.004a
有效降解率 ED (%) 30.83±1.00a 27.28±0.82b 30.64±0.72a 30.74±0.50a
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常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究
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刘祥圣 , 邓波波 , 王阔鹏 , 封丽梅 , 赵国琦 , 林淼 *
草业学报 | 研究简报 2020,29(11): 190-197
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草业学报 | 研究简报 2020, 29(11): 190-197
常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究
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刘祥圣 , 邓波波, 王阔鹏, 封丽梅, 赵国琦, 林淼*
作者信息
  • 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏 扬州 225009

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*通信作者. E-mail:
Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows
Xiang-sheng LIU , Bo-bo DENG, Kuo-peng WANG, Li-mei FENG, Guo-qi ZHAO, Miao LIN*
Affiliations
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
出版时间: 2020-11-20 doi: 10.11686/cyxb2019567
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摘要
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旨在探讨非常规粗饲料(玉米芯、毛豆荚壳)与奶牛常用粗饲料(苜蓿干草、玉米青贮)在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律,试验选用3只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龙袋法测定4种粗饲料的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解规律。结果表明:1)苜蓿干草和毛豆荚壳的CP含量分别为17.55%和11.10%,且苜蓿干草显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05);玉米芯和玉米青贮的CP含量分别为2.97%和8.41%,且玉米芯显著低于玉米青贮(P<0.05);玉米芯的NDF和ADF含量显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),达到79.98%和43.35%。2)苜蓿干草的DM有效降解率最高(P<0.05),由高到低依次为苜蓿干草、毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和玉米芯。毛豆荚壳的CP有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),由高到低依次为毛豆荚壳、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和玉米芯。苜蓿干草的NDF有效降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05);玉米芯的ADF有效降解率最高(P<0.05),苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和毛豆荚壳无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,玉米芯和毛豆荚壳可作为非常规粗饲料资源加以开发利用。

玉米芯  /  毛豆荚壳  /  奶牛  /  瘤胃降解率  /  尼龙袋技术

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rumen degradation characteristics of conventional roughage (corncob, soybean pod shell) and unconventional roughage (corn silage, alfalfa hay) for dairy cows. Three Holstein cows with permanent ruminal cannulas were used to evaluate the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) using the nylon-bag technique. It was found that: 1) The CP content in alfalfa hay (17.55%) was significantly higher than that in soybean pod shell (11.10%; P<0.05). The CP content in corncob (2.97%) was significantly lower than that in corn silage (8.41%; P<0.05). The NDF and ADF content in corncob (79.98% and 43.35%, respectively) were significantly higher than in the other three feedstuffs (P<0.05). 2) The DM effective degradability of alfalfa hay was the highest (P<0.05) among the tested feedstuffs, which ranked: alfalfa hay>soybean pod shell>corn silage>corncob. The CP effective degradability of soybean pod shell was significantly higher than the other three feedstuffs (P<0.05), which ranked: soybean pod shell>alfalfa hay>corn silage>corncob. The NDF effective degradability of alfalfa hay was significantly higher than soybean pod shell (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in NDF digestibility between corn silage and soybean pod shell (P<0.05). The ADF effective degradability of corncob was the highest (P<0.05) among the tested feedstuffs; there was no significant difference in ADF effective degradability between alfalfa hay, corn silage and soybean pod shell. In conclusion, corncob and soybean pod shell can be used as unconventional forage resources.

corncob  /  soybean pod shell  /  dairy cow  /  ruminal degradability  /  nylon-bag technique
刘祥圣, 邓波波, 王阔鹏, 封丽梅, 赵国琦, 林淼. 常规与非常规粗饲料在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性研究. 草业学报, 2020 , 29 (11) : 190 -197 . DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019567
Xiang-sheng LIU, Bo-bo DENG, Kuo-peng WANG, Li-mei FENG, Guo-qi ZHAO, Miao LIN. Degradation characteristics of conventional and unconventional roughage in the rumen of dairy cows[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020 , 29 (11) : 190 -197 . DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2019567
正文
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目前我国畜牧业正处于快速发展阶段,在畜牧业生产过程中,饲粮、饲草的成本占养殖成本的比重很大,在反刍动物饲养中需要更多粗饲料资源。然而我国的优质粗饲料资源有限,苜蓿(Medicago sativa),燕麦(Avena sativa)等多数依赖于进口,但类似于秸秆、树叶、荚壳和农业副产物等非常规粗饲料资源丰富,大部分被焚烧或丢弃造成浪费[1]。因此,开发新型稳定的非常规粗饲料资源应用于反刍动物饲养具有重大意义。
玉米(Zea mays)是禾本科玉蜀黍属草本植物,其产量丰富,广泛应用于各种畜禽饲料,然而其加工副产物玉米芯,即果穗脱粒后的穗轴未得到充分利用。我国每年约有4000万t的玉米芯,资源丰富[2]。在动物应用方面,何春玫等[3]使用微贮后的玉米芯、玉米皮替代传统青贮秸秆使得奶牛产奶量提高2.42%,头日均增产0.47 kg,经济效益增加。田刚等[4]使用玉米芯和菜籽粕混合物替代苜蓿草粉饲喂肉兔得出不会对生长性能和健康状况造成影响。大豆(Glycine max)为豆科大豆属草本植物,其加工产物豆粕广泛应用于畜禽生产,而未成熟时的毛豆广泛应用于食品,其副产物毛豆荚壳的应用却未受到重视,张磊等[5]使用青贮毛豆荚壳替代苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛得出未对产奶量及血液生化造成影响,这为毛豆荚壳的现实应用提供了基础。本试验以非常规粗饲料(玉米芯和毛豆荚壳)与常规粗饲料(玉米青贮和苜蓿干草)为研究对象,在奶牛瘤胃中进行尼龙袋试验, 为玉米芯和毛豆荚壳在反刍动物中的高效利用提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 饲料样品
玉米芯和毛豆荚壳采集于扬州市邗江区,苜蓿干草和玉米青贮采集于扬州大学试验农牧场,4种样品于65 ℃烘干,过2 mm筛后装袋备用。
1.2 试验动物与饲粮
试验于2018年8月在扬州大学试验农牧场进行,选用3头体况良好[体重(550±25) kg],装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,处于泌乳中后期的中国荷斯坦奶牛。试验牛日粮精粗比为40:60,日粮配方与营养水平见表1。试验期间,奶牛采用拴系饲养,每天饲喂两次(06:00和18:00),自由饮水。
1.3 尼龙袋试验方法
各种饲料的常规营养成分选用采集的3份饲料原样进行测定,每份饲料原样测定3个重复。尼龙袋试验选用孔径为48 μm的尼龙过滤布,裁剪后使用涤纶线双道缝制,制成尺寸为8 cm×16 cm的尼龙袋,散边使用烙铁烫实,洗净后放入恒温干燥箱65 ℃烘干至恒重,编号并记录相应尼龙袋质量。准确称取5 g样品放入对应尼龙袋中,每个样品选用3头牛,每头牛每个时间点设置3个重复,尼龙袋以塑料软管固定,于晨饲后2 h通过瘤胃瘘管送入瘤胃腹囊中。按照“同时放入,依次取出”原则,分别于放入后4、8、12、24、36、48和72 h取出,样品取出后用冷水缓缓冲洗直至水澄清。尼龙袋洗净后从塑料软管取下,放入恒温干燥箱65 ℃烘干至恒重, 将每个平行与重复的尼龙袋各自保存于自封袋中备测。
1.4 测定指标及试验方法
1.4.1 常规营养成分测定 测定干物质(dry matter,DM)、粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)、粗纤维(crude fiber,CF)和粗脂肪(ether extract,EE)参照张丽英[6]的方法。中性洗涤纤维(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(acid detergent fiber,ADF)和酸性洗涤木质素(acid detergent fiber,ADL)根据Van Soest等[7]的方法,使用ANKOM-2000I纤维分析仪(安康公司,美国)进行测定。
1.4.2 瘤胃降解率的计算 饲料样品某营养成分某时间点瘤胃降解率=100%×(降解前某营养成分含量-降解后某营养成分含量)/降解前某营养成分含量。
1.4.3 瘤胃降解参数的计算 根据Ørskov等[8]提出的模型计算动态降解模型参数和有效降解率(effective degradability,ED):
P=a+b(1-e-ct)
ED(%)=a+bc/(k+c)
式中:t为饲料在瘤胃内的停留时间(h);P为某营养成分在t时刻的瘤胃降解率(%);a为该营养成分的快速降解部分(%);b为慢速降解部分(%);c为慢速降解部分的降解速率(%·h-1);ED为饲料中某营养成分的有效降解率(%);k为饲料中某营养成分的瘤胃外流速率(%·h-1),参考颜品勋等[9]k值取0.0314%·h-1。
1.5 数据统计与分析
数据使用Excel 2016整理,使用SAS 9.4中的NLIN程序计算a、b、c值,使用SPSS 25.0进行ANOVA单因素方差分析,并用Duncan氏法进行多重比较检验,结果以平均值±标准差进行表示,以P<0.05作为差异显著判断标准。
2 结果与分析
收起
2.1 常规营养成分含量
4种粗饲料的营养成分(表2),玉米芯的DM含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);苜蓿干草CP含量显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),玉米青贮的CP含量显著高于玉米芯(P<0.05);玉米芯的CF、NDF、ADF和ADL含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05);毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和苜蓿干草的ADL含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。
2.2 4种粗饲料的DM瘤胃降解率和降解参数
玉米芯各个时间点的DM瘤胃降解率均为最低(P<0.05),毛豆荚壳和苜蓿干草在8和12 h的DM瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05),苜蓿干草在24、36和48 h的DM瘤胃降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05),毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和苜蓿干草在72 h的DM瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05)(表3)。毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和苜蓿干草的DM快速降解部分和慢速降解部分无显著差异(P>0.05)。苜蓿干草的DM有效降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),由高到低依次为苜蓿干草、毛豆荚壳、玉米青贮和玉米芯(表4)。
2.3 4种粗饲料的CP瘤胃降解率和降解参数
玉米芯各个时间点的CP瘤胃降解率显著低于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),毛豆荚壳在8和12 h的CP瘤胃降解率显著高于玉米青贮和苜蓿干草(P<0.05)。毛豆荚壳和苜蓿干草在48 h的CP瘤胃降解率无显著差异(P>0.05),玉米青贮在72 h的CP瘤胃降解率显著低于毛豆荚壳和苜蓿干草(P<0.05)(表5)。毛豆荚壳的CP快速降解部分显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05)。 4种粗饲料的CP有效降解率存在显著差异(P<0.05),由高到低依次为毛豆荚壳、苜蓿干草、玉米青贮和玉米芯(表6)。
2.4 4种粗饲料的NDF瘤胃降解率和降解参数
苜蓿干草在12和24 h的NDF瘤胃降解率最高(P<0.05),玉米芯、毛豆荚壳和玉米青贮无显著差异(P>0.05)。玉米芯在48 和72 h的NDF瘤胃降解率显著高于毛豆荚壳和苜蓿干草(P<0.05),在72 h,玉米芯和玉米青贮无显著差异(P>0.05)(表7)。4种粗饲料的NDF快速降解部分较低,玉米芯的NDF慢速降解部分最高(P<0.05)。在NDF有效降解率方面,玉米青贮和玉米芯不存在显著差异(P>0.05),苜蓿干草显著高于毛豆荚壳(P<0.05)(表8)。
2.5 4种粗饲料的ADF瘤胃降解率和降解参数
在8、12和24 h,苜蓿干草的ADF瘤胃降解率显著高于其他3种粗饲料(P<0.05),玉米芯在48和72 h的ADF瘤胃降解率最高(P<0.05),毛豆荚壳和苜蓿干草无显著差异(P>0.05)(表9)。4种粗饲料的ADF快速降解部分较低,并且无显著差异(P>0.05),玉米芯ADF慢速降解部分最高(P<0.05)。在ADF有效降解率方面,毛豆荚壳最低(P<0.05),玉米芯、玉米青贮和苜蓿干草不存在显著差异(P>0.05)(表10)。
3 讨论
收起
3.1 4种粗饲料的营养特性
本研究选用的4种粗饲料营养成分存在一定的差异,玉米芯的营养成分含量已经有所报道。本试验与马吉锋等[10]对玉米芯进行营养成分分析得出的结果类似。本试验与志莉[11]通过对四川西昌地区的玉米芯主要营养成分分析得出的结果相比,除ADL含量有较大差异,其余结果相近,这可能与玉米芯的产地不同有关。玉米青贮的纤维含量相较于玉米芯更低,但CP含量更高,这应当与玉米芯仅为玉米整株的一部分有关。张磊[12]对安徽地区的毛豆荚壳的营养成分分析得出CP、CF、NDF、ADF和ADL含量分别为11.76%、35.84%、52.66%、36.57%和6.83%,本试验结果与其相似,说明江苏地区与安徽地区的毛豆荚壳营养成分相近。并且毛豆荚壳与苜蓿干草的常规营养成分存在一定的相似性,因此,毛豆荚壳作为废弃物也具有较高的营养价值。
3.2 4种粗饲料主要营养成分在瘤胃中的降解特性
DM降解率是反映干物质采食量(dry matter intake,DMI)的重要指标,DM降解率越高,动物的采食量就越高。本试验中,苜蓿干草各个时间点的DM降解率与马健等[13]的研究结果相一致,玉米青贮各个时间点的DM降解率与刘艳芳等[14]的研究结果相一致。玉米芯各个时间点的DM降解率和有效降解率方面在4种粗饲料中最低,并且在24 h之前上升幅度较缓,相较于玉米青贮,不利于奶牛消化。毛豆荚壳各个时间点的DM降解率和有效降解率与优质粗饲料苜蓿干草的差异较小,说明毛豆荚壳与苜蓿干草均易于奶牛消化。从上述数据可以推测苜蓿干草的DMI与毛豆荚壳相近,玉米青贮次之,玉米芯的DMI最低。
影响CP降解率的因素很多,包括瘤胃微生物对饲料的侵染程度,相关物质对蛋白的保护作用,蛋白质的含量,物理和化学组成等[15]。本试验中,苜蓿干草与玉米青贮各个时间点的CP降解率和有效降解率与前人的研究结果[13]大致相同,毛豆荚壳的CP有效降解率略高于苜蓿干草,说明毛豆荚壳的CP易于微生物降解。玉米芯的各个时间点的CP降解率以及有效降解率最低,说明玉米芯的蛋白不易被消化利用,这可能与玉米芯本身CP含量较低有关。Satter[16]指出饲料的 CP降解率受饲料本身性质的影响很大,快速降解部分、慢速降解部分和不易降解部分在不同饲料中比例不同。本试验中,4种粗饲料的CP降解率与CP含量高低的顺序并不完全一致,毛豆荚壳的CP含量较低,但快速降解部分高于苜蓿干草,说明仅通过化学分析方法并不能准确判断饲料的营养价值,还需要结合动物试验。
NDF和ADF降解率是判断饲料消化难易程度的重要指标,其中NDF包括了植物细胞壁的大部分成分,主要有纤维素、半纤维素、木质素,ADF主要有纤维素和木质素,并且木质素是限制瘤胃微生物消化降解的重要因素[17]。本试验中,常用粗饲料苜蓿干草和玉米青贮的NDF和ADF降解率与前人的研究结果[13]大致相同,有关于玉米芯在奶牛瘤胃中降解规律的试验较少,在本试验中,玉米芯NDF和ADF降解率表现为0~24 h上升幅度较缓,24 h后较快,与玉米青贮有效降解率大致相同,说明瘤胃微生物对于玉米芯细胞壁的破解速度较慢,这可能与玉米芯的ADL含量较高有关。毛豆荚壳NDF和ADF在瘤胃中的有效降解率相较于苜蓿干草较低,这可能与毛豆荚壳中NDF和ADF含量较高有关。
4 结论
收起
玉米芯作为非常规粗饲料资源,相较于玉米青贮,具有更高的NDF和ADF含量,可以作为反刍动物粗饲料资源加以开发利用。毛豆荚壳与苜蓿干草的常规营养成分相似,通过瘤胃降解试验,说明其营养成分易于反刍动物消化,可以部分替代苜蓿干草进行利用。
基金
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  • 现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-36),江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目和江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程资助
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2020年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.11686/cyxb2019567
  • 接收时间：2019-12-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2020-11-20
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  • 收稿日期：2019-12-23
基金
现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-36),江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目和江苏省科协青年科技人才托举工程资助
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    扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏 扬州 225009

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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