Article(id=1239152911515702194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11686/cyxb2020011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1578326400000, receivedDateStr=2020-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773366676453, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1605801600000, pubDateStr=2020-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773366676453, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773366676453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773366676453, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239152904658022886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, year='2020', volume='29', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773366674818, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773366910226, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239153892072673913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239153892072673914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, issueId=1239152904658022886, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=198, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239152914401382420, articleId=1239152911515702194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, language=EN, title=Effects of re-watering after drought on leaf photosynthetic light response characteristics of sugar beet, columnId=0, journalTitle=Acta Prataculturae Sinica, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This research explored the physiological leaf response mechanisms of sugar beet to re-watering after drought with a focus on photosynthetic physiological traits and photo-responsive parameters. Two cultivars with different drought resistance, ‘XJT9907’ (a drought sensitive type) and ‘XJT9916’ (a drought tolerant type) were studied. A controlled water deficit was imposed on plants in the leafy growth stage, whereby soil moisture content was allowed to fall to 45%-50% of field water holding capacity for 7 days, then irrigation water was added to raise soil moisture to 70%-75% of the field water holding capacity for 48 hours. At this point, the photosynthetic physiological parameters of leaves were determined, and nonlinear regression used to fit sigmoid curves for the relationship between net photosynthetic rate of leaves and light intensity. It was found that drought stress during the leafy growth stage of sugar beet development significantly reduced the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) of both sugar beet varieties. After re-watering, the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of sugar beet leaves under drought stress treatments all improved. The values of physiological parameters for drought tolerant XJT9916 were significantly higher than those of drought sensitive XJT9907, although none of the values exceeded those of plants with a normal level of water supply, indicating a degree of compensation effect. After the re-watering treatment, the maximum net photosynthetic rates (Pnmax) of XJT9916 and XJT9907 varieties were, respectively, 6.2% and 17.1% lower than the control, and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) was, respectively, 6.5% and 12.2% lower than the control. Similarly, comparing drought tolerant and drought sensitive varieties to control plants. respiration rates (Rd) were, respectively, 19.1% and 14.9% lower than the control, light saturation points (LSP) were 19.6% and 14.1% lower than the control, while the light compensation points (LCP) were, respectively, 15.4% and 17.6% (P<0.05) higher than the control. For the drought sensitive variety, the light energy utilization interval was comparatively narrow, and the light energy utilization efficiency was reduced. Taken together, the results show that when the soil moisture content is 45%-50% of the field water holding capacity during the sugar beet leafy growth period, the photosynthetic potential of sugar beet leaves is not realized, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves is weakened and cannot be restored to normal levels after re-watering. The drought-tolerant sugar beet variety XJT9916 has strong photosynthetic recovery ability in the context of re-watering after drought.

, correspAuthors=Wei-shi GAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Corresponding author. E-mail:
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为探索甜菜叶丛期叶片光合生理特性及光响应特征参数对旱后复水的响应机制,以旱敏感型品种‘XJT9907’和耐旱型品种‘XJT9916’为材料,在甜菜叶丛期控水为45%~50%田间持水量持续7 d时,复水达70%~75%田间持水量(对照,CK)48 h后,测定其叶片光合生理指标,采用非直角双曲线模型进行叶片净光合速率(Pn)与光强非线性拟合,并计算其光响应特征参数。结果表明,甜菜叶丛期干旱胁迫显著降低甜菜叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。复水后,两种品种的叶片SPAD值、PnGsCiTr虽均有所提高,但XJT9916品种光合生理参数值明显高于XJT9907,且均未超过正常供水水平,表现出一定的补偿效应。旱后复水处理下,XJT9907和XJT9916品种叶片光响应特征参数最大净光合速率(Pnmax)分别比CK低17.1%和6.2%,表观量子效率(AQY)分别比CK低12.2%和6.5%,暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别比CK低14.9%和19.1%,光饱和点(LSP)分别比CK低14.1%和19.6%,而光补偿点(LCP)显著高于CK,分别高17.6%和15.4%,其光能利用区间较窄,光能利用效率降低。综合来看,当甜菜叶丛期土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%时对其叶片光合潜能的发挥不利,其叶片光合能力减弱,复水后光合能力仍无法恢复到正常水平。耐旱型甜菜XJT9916品种光合作用旱后复水恢复能力更强。

, correspAuthors=高卫时, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*通信作者. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Gtu2/zFE7CfQgOhN70I5Sg==, pdfFileSize=1539871, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

作者简介:李思忠(1990-),男,新疆富蕴人,助理研究员,硕士。E-mail:

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Effect of rewatering after drought on SPAD of sugar beet leaves
Different lowercase and upper letters mean the difference among the treatment is significant at P<0.05 and P<0.01, the same below.

, figureFileSmall=P35ktaikI0SKgggbvaN9/A==, figureFileBig=yRST1TNg6fUDX4ep3s92lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922118902099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=CN, label=图1, caption=

旱后复水对甜菜叶片SPAD的影响
不同大小写字母表示处理间的差异达显著或极显著水平(P<0.05,P<0.01),下同。

, figureFileSmall=P35ktaikI0SKgggbvaN9/A==, figureFileBig=yRST1TNg6fUDX4ep3s92lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922198593881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=

Effects of rewatering after drought on photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet leaves

, figureFileSmall=/Wi5JP1ZbXIIM3SBedaewQ==, figureFileBig=2btL3JCBEtaZcClZDaWd4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922324423003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=CN, label=图2, caption=

旱后复水对甜菜叶片光合特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=/Wi5JP1ZbXIIM3SBedaewQ==, figureFileBig=2btL3JCBEtaZcClZDaWd4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922429280607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=

Photosynthetic-light intensity response curve of sugar beet leaves of rewatering after drought

, figureFileSmall=fgdi1WKunD8zXqzcAU2MUA==, figureFileBig=ZbOIWSQVEzZfu/uhAwCRvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922513166690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=CN, label=图3, caption=

旱后复水甜菜叶片光合-光强响应曲线

, figureFileSmall=fgdi1WKunD8zXqzcAU2MUA==, figureFileBig=ZbOIWSQVEzZfu/uhAwCRvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239152922626412903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1238822807409311748, articleId=1239152911515702194, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=

Simulation parameters of light response curves of sugar beet under rewatering conditions after drought

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旱后复水条件下甜菜叶片光响应曲线模拟参数

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滴灌模式下旱后复水对甜菜叶丛期光合光响应特性的影响
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李思忠 , 张立明 , 高卫时 * , 白晓山 , 刘军 , 董心久 , 杨洪泽 , 沙红 , 高燕
草业学报 | 研究简报 2020,29(11): 198-204
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草业学报 | 研究简报 2020, 29(11): 198-204
滴灌模式下旱后复水对甜菜叶丛期光合光响应特性的影响
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李思忠 , 张立明, 高卫时* , 白晓山, 刘军, 董心久, 杨洪泽, 沙红, 高燕
作者信息
  • 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091

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*通信作者. E-mail:
Effects of re-watering after drought on leaf photosynthetic light response characteristics of sugar beet
Si-zhong LI , Li-ming ZHANG, Wei-shi GAO* , Xiao-shan BAI, Jun LIU, Xin-jiu DONG, Hong-ze YANG, Hong SHA, Yan GAO
Affiliations
  • Research Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
出版时间: 2020-11-20 doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020011
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为探索甜菜叶丛期叶片光合生理特性及光响应特征参数对旱后复水的响应机制,以旱敏感型品种‘XJT9907’和耐旱型品种‘XJT9916’为材料,在甜菜叶丛期控水为45%~50%田间持水量持续7 d时,复水达70%~75%田间持水量(对照,CK)48 h后,测定其叶片光合生理指标,采用非直角双曲线模型进行叶片净光合速率(Pn)与光强非线性拟合,并计算其光响应特征参数。结果表明,甜菜叶丛期干旱胁迫显著降低甜菜叶片的叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。复水后,两种品种的叶片SPAD值、PnGsCiTr虽均有所提高,但XJT9916品种光合生理参数值明显高于XJT9907,且均未超过正常供水水平,表现出一定的补偿效应。旱后复水处理下,XJT9907和XJT9916品种叶片光响应特征参数最大净光合速率(Pnmax)分别比CK低17.1%和6.2%,表观量子效率(AQY)分别比CK低12.2%和6.5%,暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别比CK低14.9%和19.1%,光饱和点(LSP)分别比CK低14.1%和19.6%,而光补偿点(LCP)显著高于CK,分别高17.6%和15.4%,其光能利用区间较窄,光能利用效率降低。综合来看,当甜菜叶丛期土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%时对其叶片光合潜能的发挥不利,其叶片光合能力减弱,复水后光合能力仍无法恢复到正常水平。耐旱型甜菜XJT9916品种光合作用旱后复水恢复能力更强。

甜菜  /  光响应  /  叶丛期  /  干旱

This research explored the physiological leaf response mechanisms of sugar beet to re-watering after drought with a focus on photosynthetic physiological traits and photo-responsive parameters. Two cultivars with different drought resistance, ‘XJT9907’ (a drought sensitive type) and ‘XJT9916’ (a drought tolerant type) were studied. A controlled water deficit was imposed on plants in the leafy growth stage, whereby soil moisture content was allowed to fall to 45%-50% of field water holding capacity for 7 days, then irrigation water was added to raise soil moisture to 70%-75% of the field water holding capacity for 48 hours. At this point, the photosynthetic physiological parameters of leaves were determined, and nonlinear regression used to fit sigmoid curves for the relationship between net photosynthetic rate of leaves and light intensity. It was found that drought stress during the leafy growth stage of sugar beet development significantly reduced the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) of both sugar beet varieties. After re-watering, the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) of sugar beet leaves under drought stress treatments all improved. The values of physiological parameters for drought tolerant XJT9916 were significantly higher than those of drought sensitive XJT9907, although none of the values exceeded those of plants with a normal level of water supply, indicating a degree of compensation effect. After the re-watering treatment, the maximum net photosynthetic rates (Pnmax) of XJT9916 and XJT9907 varieties were, respectively, 6.2% and 17.1% lower than the control, and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) was, respectively, 6.5% and 12.2% lower than the control. Similarly, comparing drought tolerant and drought sensitive varieties to control plants. respiration rates (Rd) were, respectively, 19.1% and 14.9% lower than the control, light saturation points (LSP) were 19.6% and 14.1% lower than the control, while the light compensation points (LCP) were, respectively, 15.4% and 17.6% (P<0.05) higher than the control. For the drought sensitive variety, the light energy utilization interval was comparatively narrow, and the light energy utilization efficiency was reduced. Taken together, the results show that when the soil moisture content is 45%-50% of the field water holding capacity during the sugar beet leafy growth period, the photosynthetic potential of sugar beet leaves is not realized, the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves is weakened and cannot be restored to normal levels after re-watering. The drought-tolerant sugar beet variety XJT9916 has strong photosynthetic recovery ability in the context of re-watering after drought.

sugar beet  /  light response  /  leafy period  /  drought
李思忠, 张立明, 高卫时, 白晓山, 刘军, 董心久, 杨洪泽, 沙红, 高燕. 滴灌模式下旱后复水对甜菜叶丛期光合光响应特性的影响. 草业学报, 2020 , 29 (11) : 198 -204 . DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020011
Si-zhong LI, Li-ming ZHANG, Wei-shi GAO, Xiao-shan BAI, Jun LIU, Xin-jiu DONG, Hong-ze YANG, Hong SHA, Yan GAO. Effects of re-watering after drought on leaf photosynthetic light response characteristics of sugar beet[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2020 , 29 (11) : 198 -204 . DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2020011
光合作用是影响甜菜(Beta vulgaris)块根产量和含糖率的重要因素[1]。水分亏缺是影响干旱区或半干旱区甜菜光合生产的主要非生物胁迫之一[2,3]。新疆是我国甜菜三大产区之一,甜菜总产量及产糖量仅次于我国内蒙古[4]。甜菜采用膜下滴灌技术,虽然进一步提高了产量和水分利用效率[5],但由于新疆水资源分布不均和土壤保水肥能力弱等,部分地区在甜菜生长关键期常遭遇持续性干旱。加之,甜菜需水量大,极端天气(干旱、高温)频发等[6,7],造成甜菜生育期内光合作用下降,严重影响新疆甜菜生产。因此,干旱仍然是制约新疆甜菜产量形成的最大逆境生态因子之一[8]。大量研究表明,水分亏缺虽然会使作物叶片光合能力及产量降低,但一定时期适度水分亏缺后复水可使作物在形态结构和生理生化功能方面产生补偿效应或超补偿效应,体现在生长代谢速度加快、光合及蒸腾速率提高等方面,在一定程度上降低水分亏缺造成的损伤,提高水分利用效率的同时,还可提高作物产量[9,10]。李阳阳等[9,11]和陈晓远等[10]研究认为,在甜菜糖分积累期土壤为30%田间持水量时,甜菜产量表现出超补偿效应,复水后处理间叶片净光合速率的差异随时间推移而减小;在甜菜叶丛生长期缺水达田间持水量的50%时应及时补灌,否则影响甜菜产量。适当减少灌溉量不仅会提高甜菜叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,且可以提高甜菜含糖率和水分利用效率[12,13,14]。作物旱后复水的补偿效应大小及差异与干旱胁迫时期、持续时间、程度、土壤肥力及品种遗传特性等密切相关[15,16]。前人对干旱胁迫下甜菜叶片光合生理生化特性进行了相关研究,而关于滴灌模式下甜菜叶丛期干旱复水后叶片光合作用的补偿效应尚不清楚。为此,本试验在甜菜水分敏感期叶丛生长期进行控水,研究旱后复水对甜菜叶片光合生理和光合光响应特性的影响,以期为甜菜高产栽培管理提供理论依据。
试验于2018年在新疆农业科学院玛纳斯甜菜试验基地进行。试验区土壤为壤土,耕层土壤含全氮0.85 g·kg-1,速效磷0.02 g·kg-1,速效钾0.023 g·kg-1,碱解氮0.07 g·kg-1,其田间持水量为16%(质量含水量)。试验采用随机区组设计,3次重复,小区面积为10 m2,每小区长5 m,宽2 m,各小区间间隔1 m。供试甜菜品种分别为XJT9907(旱敏感型)和XJT9916(耐旱型)。4月15日施磷酸二铵375 kg·hm-2和硫酸钾150 kg·hm-2后春翻整地覆膜,4月17日播种,一膜两行,滴灌带铺于两行甜菜中间,即1条毛管控制2行甜菜,行距为50 cm,株距为20 cm,理论株数为11.12×104 株·hm-2。于甜菜叶丛生长期(7月1日)通过水表控制灌水量,使0~50 cm土层含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%持续7 d,然后给各小区复水,各小区含水量均达到田间持水量的70%~75%后48 h,测定相关光合参数。对照含水量始终保持为田间持水量的70%~75%左右。
1.2.1 光合参数及叶绿素相对含量(soil and plant analyzer development,SPAD)的测定 在自然光强下,于11:00-13:00,用CIRAS-3便携式光合仪(PP systems,USA)在田间活体测定各处理甜菜叶片的净光合速率(Pn,μmol CO2·m-2·s-1)、蒸腾速率(Tr,mmol H2O·m-2·s-1)、气孔导度(Gs,mmol H2O·m-2·s-1)和胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci,μmol CO2·mol-1),设置叶片温度为30 ℃,参比室二氧化碳浓度为400 μmol·mol-1,自然光强稳定在2000 μmol·m-2·s-1左右,流速设置为300 μmol·s-1。每个处理测定4株,以3片叶的平均值为该处理的测定值。光合参数测定完成后,利用SPAD502叶绿素含量测定仪(日本)测定同部位叶片的SPAD值,每片叶片测定15次。
1.2.2 光强光合响应曲线的测定 在甜菜叶丛生长期,于晴朗无云的11:00-14:00,各处理选取3株长势一致的植株, 每株选取第15片完全展开的叶片,用CIRAS-3便携式光合仪测定叶片光强光合响应曲线。光强光合响应曲线测定时光强由强到弱,依次设定光量子通量密度(photosynthetic photon flux density,PPFD)为2500、2200、2000、1800、1500、1200、1000、800、600、400、200、175、150、100、50、0 μmol·m-2·s-1,参比室二氧化碳浓度设置为380 μmol·mol-1,叶室温度设定为30 ℃,流速设置为300 μmol·s-1。用非直角双曲线模型进行拟合,获得最大净光合速率(maximum net photosynthetic rate, Pnmax, μmol·m-2·s-1)、暗呼吸速率(dark respiration rate, Rd, μmol·m-2·s-1)、表观量子效率(apparent quantum yield, AQY)、光补偿点 (light compensation point, LCP, μmol·m-2·s-1)和光饱和点(light saturation point, LSP, μmol·m-2·s-1) 。
绘制光合作用光强响应曲线,运用非直线双曲线模型进行模拟[17],公式为:
Pn(PAR)= AQY × PAR + P nmax - ( AQY × PAR + P nmax ) × AQY × PAR + P nmax - 4 × AQY × PAR × P nmax 2 K -Rd
式中:AQY为表观量子效率;PAR(photosynthetically active radiation)为光合有效辐射;Pnmax为最大净光合速率;Rd为暗呼吸速率;K为光响应曲线曲角。对Pn-PAR曲线的初始部位(PAR<200 μmol·m-2·s-1)使用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件进行线性回归分析,该直线与X轴PAR的交点为光补偿点(LCP),与Y轴交点所对应的X轴数值为光饱和点(LSP)。曲线拟合及数据分析均采用SPSS 19.0统计软件进行。采用单因素(one-way ANOVA)和Duncan法进行方差分析和多重比较。采用Excel 2016作图。
图1可知,两种甜菜品种干旱复水后,其SPAD值均有所上升,但仍低于CK,表现为CK>旱后复水处理>干旱处理。XJT9907旱后复水处理的SPAD值比CK低14.6%,处理间差异极显著(P<0.01);比干旱处理高9.3%,但处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。XJT9916干旱复水处理比对照低21.0%,但比干旱处理高36.4%,且处理间差异均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。同一处理条件下不同品种间比较,XJT9907品种SPAD值高于XJT9916。
两种甜菜品种干旱复水后,其PnGsTrCi值均有所上升,但仍低于CK,表现为CK>旱后复水处理>干旱处理(图2)。XJT9907品种旱后复水处理Pn比CK低14.3%,处理间差异显著(P<0.05),比干旱处理高11.1%,处理间无显著差异;而XJT9916品种旱后复水处理Pn比CK低18.9%,比干旱处理高22.4%,处理间差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。两品种CiGs变化趋势一致,干旱胁迫显著降低CiGs,复水后其值虽然有所上升,但处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),均极显著低于对照(P<0.01)。XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理的Gs分别比CK低29.0%、18.8%,Ci分别比CK低21.4%、31.3%。干旱复水后显著提高叶片Tr,XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理Tr分别比CK低42.5%、41.3%,但分别比干旱处理高34.9%和55.6%。与XJT9907相比,XJT9916品种干旱复水后PnGs较高。
采用非直角双曲线模型对甜菜叶片净光合速率与光强进行非线性拟合,拟合方程决定系数(R2)达0.997以上。由图3可知,旱后复水和CK叶片Pn均随PAR的增加而迅速增大,在PAR≤200 μmol·m-2·s-1时,呈线性增加,当PAR增加到光饱和点时,增速平缓,渐趋平稳,出现光饱和现象。XJT9916在CK条件下其Pn在饱和光强后,基本保持最大值不变,而旱后复水处理则表现出下降的趋势。相同PAR条件下,两品种CK条件下其Pn大于旱后复水处理,且随PAR的增大差异愈明显。说明,甜菜叶片旱后复水后其光系统仍受到一定的抑制作用,强光下光合能力不高,不利于光合物质的生产。由图4a可知,XJT9907旱后复水处理的叶片Pnmax极显著低于CK(P<0.01),而XJT9916处理间差异不显著。
XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理Pnmax分别比CK低17.1%和6.2%,表明与对照相比,旱后复水处理的叶片有较低的光合能力,光合能力仍受到一定的限制。由图4b可知,XJT9907旱后复水处理的叶片AQY极显著低于CK(P<0.01),而XJT9916处理间差异不显著。XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理的AQY分别比CK低12.2%和6.5%,表明与对照相比,旱后复水处理的叶片对弱光的吸收利用转化效率较低。由图4c可知,两种品种旱后复水处理的Rd极显著低于CK(P<0.01)。XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理的Rd分别比CK低14.9%和19.1%,表明与对照相比,旱后复水处理甜菜叶片呼吸消耗光合产物的能力较弱。旱后复水处理的叶片LCP显著高于CK(P<0.05),但LSP则相反。XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水处理LCP为93.0、75.4 μmol·m-2·s-1,分别比CK高17.6%和15.4%;LSP为740.1、682.3 μmol·m-2·s-1,分别比CK低14.1%和19.6%,表明与对照相比,旱后复水处理甜菜叶片对强光利用能力较弱,光辐射有效利用区间较窄(图4d,e)。
水分亏缺直接影响作物的光合生产性能,叶片失水发生萎蔫,也会导致叶片PnGsCiTr及叶绿素含量降低,且抗旱品种下降幅度较小,本研究结果与其一致。厉广辉等[18]研究表明,苗期花生(Arachis hypogaea)干旱复水后叶片PnGsCi逐渐增加,产生部分补偿效应。王志强等[16]研究表明,高土壤肥力下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)返青期中度干旱复水后5和15 d叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量均分别高于对照,表现出超补偿效应,但李彦彬等[19]研究认为,干旱后复水使冬小麦光合速率和气孔导度均有所提升,但均低于对照,表现出部分补偿效应,其补偿效应大小的差异可能与前期胁迫程度、时期以及不同的物种和品种等有关[15]。本试验结果表明,在甜菜叶丛期干旱胁迫显著降低甜菜XJT9907和XJT9916品种叶绿素含量、PnGsCiTr,复水后各项指标虽然都有所升高,但均低于对照,表现出部分补偿效应,这可能由于干旱胁迫已经使叶片叶绿体结构发生不可逆损伤,复水后叶片光合能力仍无法恢复到正常水平, 由于品种遗传特性的不同,其复水后各指标的恢复能力有所不同[13,18],XJT9916旱后复水处理的叶绿素含量、PnGsCiTr分别比干旱处理高36.4%、22.4%、19.3%、55.6%和12.2%,而XJT9907旱后复水处理的叶绿素含量、PnGsCiTr分别比干旱处理高9.3%、11.1%、6.6%、55.6%和3.3%,其值显著低于XJT9916品种,说明耐旱型甜菜XJT9916旱后复水补偿效应能力较强,这与郭子锋等[20]的研究结果类似。
利用非直角双曲线模型计算获得Pnmax、AQY、Rd、LCP和LSP。受干旱胁迫的影响,植株Pnmax、AQY、Rd、LCP均降低,LSP升高,但不同植物的光合响应存在差异[21,22]。柳燕兰等[23]研究表明,玉米(Zea mays)苗期中度干旱复水后其叶片Pnmax、AQY、LSP均高于正常供水水平,表现出超补偿效应,而苗期重度干旱复水后上述各参数均低于对照,表现出部分补偿效应。本试验结果表明,XJT9907和XJT9916旱后复水和对照处理叶片Pn均随PAR的增加而迅速增大,当PAR增加到LSP时,增速平缓,出现光饱和现象,处理间差异随PAR的增大差异愈明显;旱后复水处理叶片LCP显著高于对照处理,但旱后复水处理LCP至LSP区间变窄,分别为93.0~740.1 μmol·m-2·s-1、75.4~682.3 μmol·m-2·s-1。表明旱后复水处理表现出光合效率下降现象,其光系统仍受到一定的抑制作用。XJT9907旱后复水处理叶片Pnmax和AQY极显著低于对照处理(P<0.01),分别比对照低12.2%和17.1%,而XJT9916旱后复水处理与对照间差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明,与XJT9907相比较,XJT9916生态适应性更强,对弱光及强光的有效利用能力更高,旱后复水处理甜菜叶片AQY和Pnmax并没有表现出超补偿效应,这与柳燕兰等[23]的研究结果一致。旱后复水处理两品种叶片Rd极显著低于对照处理。表明,旱后复水处理甜菜叶片呼吸消耗光合产物的能力减弱,这可能是应对光合能力降低的一种适应机制[24]
甜菜叶丛期干旱复水后叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率均有所升高,但未超过对照处理,表现出部分补偿效应;光响应特征参数最大净光合速率、表观量子效率、光饱和点、暗呼吸速率仍无法恢复到对照水平,光能利用区间较窄,光能利用效率较低,未表现出超补偿效应。甜菜叶丛期土壤含水量为田间持水量的45%~50%时对甜菜叶片光合潜能的发挥不利。
  • 农业部国家糖料产业技术体系“甜菜高产高糖品种改良”(CARS-170108)资助
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2020年第29卷第11期
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doi: 10.11686/cyxb2020011
  • 接收时间:2020-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2020-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-07
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农业部国家糖料产业技术体系“甜菜高产高糖品种改良”(CARS-170108)资助
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    新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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