Article(id=1251458154597400676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, issueId=1251458153020342360, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3979/j.issn.1673-825X.202408120211, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723392000000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-12, revisedDate=1744041600000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1776300475024, onlineDateStr=2026-04-16, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1776300475024, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-04-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1776300475024, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776300475024, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1251458153020342360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, year='2025', volume='37', issue='5', pageStart='627', pageEnd='780', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1776300474648, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1776311939434, updator=13041195026, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1251506239914586238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, issueId=1251458153020342360, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1251506239914586239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, issueId=1251458153020342360, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=638, endPage=646, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1251458154807115877, articleId=1251458154597400676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, language=EN, title=Design of wide-band dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna based on “L” probe feed, columnId=1251458153846620250, journalTitle=Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition), columnName=New-Generation Mobile Communication, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A novel ±45° dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna based on “L”-shaped probe feeding is designed and simulated for optimization. Two orthogonal “L”-shaped probes with a height difference are used for mutual coupling feeding to achieve dual polarization, significantly increasing the antenna's channel capacity. The copper metal columns between the two dielectric substrates play the role of feeding and radiation. The microstrip radiation patches are connected through metalized vias, and symmetrical “τ”-shaped grooves designed with openings facing inward are adopted to increase the resonance frequency point, the polarization patch is designed in an “S”-shape to expand the bandwidth. Simulation results show that the S11 of the antenna is less than -10 dB within the frequency bands of 2.08~2.77 GHz & 3.66~5.36 GHz, the relative impedance bandwidth is 66.15%, the gain is not less than 6 dBi, the radiation efficiency is above 90%, the isolation between ports is greater than 10 dB, and the cross-polarization level is greater than 20 dB. Physical fabrication and actual measurements demonstrate good agreement between the measured and simulated results at port 1, while minor deviations at port 2 are attributed to fabrication and testing conditions but remain within acceptable limits. Compared with similar studies, the proposed antenna features wide bandwidth, compact structure, and ease of fabrication, making it suitable for C-band(3700~4200 MHz)and WLAN(2400~2484 MHz and 5150~5350 MHz)wireless transceiver communication systems.

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设计并仿真优化了一款基于“L”形探针馈电的新型±45°双极化微带贴片天线。采用2个正交且具有高度差的“L”形探针相互耦合馈电以实现双极化,使得天线所承载的信道容量得到大幅度提升。介于两介质基板之间的金属铜柱起到馈电和辐射的作用。微带辐射贴片通过金属化过孔连接,并采用开口均朝内的对称“τ”形槽设计以增加谐振频点,将极化贴片设计成“S”形以扩展带宽。仿真结果表明,天线在2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz频段S11<-10 dB,相对阻抗带宽为66.15%,增益不低于6 dBi,辐射效率在90%以上,端口之间的隔离度大于10 dB,交叉极化电平大于20 dB。经实物制作及实际测量表明,天线在端口1处的测量结果与模拟结果之间吻合良好;在端口2处由于制作工艺及实验测试环境条件的影响使得测量结果有偏移,但在可接受范围内。与相近研究结果相比,设计天线具有宽带宽、结构简单易于制作、尺寸小的优势,可应用于C波段(3700~4200 MHz)和无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)频带(2400~2484 MHz和5150~5350 MHz)的无线收发通信系统。

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苏熠璇
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李新春,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为工业物联网、射频电路与系统。E-mail:

苏熠璇,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为射频天线技术。E-mail:

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李新春,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为工业物联网、射频电路与系统。E-mail:

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李新春,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为工业物联网、射频电路与系统。E-mail:

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苏熠璇,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为射频天线技术。E-mail:

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苏熠璇,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为射频天线技术。E-mail:

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Design of C-band ultra-wideband dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna[J]. Science, Technology and Engineering, 2021, 21(5): 1871-1876., articleTitle=Design of C-band ultra-wideband dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1251458158787510464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251458158791704770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, companyId=1251458158787510464, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, P R China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1251458158800093378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, companyId=1251458158787510464, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=辽宁工程技术大学 电子与信息工程学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1251458161819992328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Antenna structure, figureFileSmall=gmALSSLlOLnu8dK7AqyDlQ==, figureFileBig=gkjAINIGou50dJabRNDosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458161912267021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图1, caption=天线结构, figureFileSmall=gmALSSLlOLnu8dK7AqyDlQ==, figureFileBig=gkjAINIGou50dJabRNDosA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162096816407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antenna optimization process diagram, figureFileSmall=ZIAb6WruhInNDNqHQh55Yg==, figureFileBig=GfRjydKT2G0e93BL6EMpSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162176508187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图2, caption=天线的优化过程图, figureFileSmall=ZIAb6WruhInNDNqHQh55Yg==, figureFileBig=GfRjydKT2G0e93BL6EMpSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162243617055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=S11 of three antennas, figureFileSmall=MFYRUquyArqX049dUq18rw==, figureFileBig=EFwj36EIt9iM/Vf7PpC1kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162319114531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图3, caption=3款天线的S11, figureFileSmall=MFYRUquyArqX049dUq18rw==, figureFileBig=EFwj36EIt9iM/Vf7PpC1kQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162403000615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Influence of different parameters on antenna S11, figureFileSmall=7Le8bRdRjEUDk0qMdNSJ0A==, figureFileBig=uuPQO36eUUpcV6dWZp60/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162478498090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同参数对天线S11的影响, figureFileSmall=7Le8bRdRjEUDk0qMdNSJ0A==, figureFileBig=uuPQO36eUUpcV6dWZp60/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162541412652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Antenna gain and radiation efficiency, figureFileSmall=i4NnvIZYBuUbKRBw1WSKBA==, figureFileBig=vTyd2INCD+odHRQOSUNHjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162625298736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图5, caption=天线的增益和辐射效率, figureFileSmall=i4NnvIZYBuUbKRBw1WSKBA==, figureFileBig=vTyd2INCD+odHRQOSUNHjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162734350644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Radiation direction diagram of two ports at each resonant point, figureFileSmall=z0HIehoqNwJOJYJYAVbFcw==, figureFileBig=Z+bOv5tmq5Ku326NZU6vEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162835013944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图6, caption=双端口在各谐振点的辐射方向图, figureFileSmall=z0HIehoqNwJOJYJYAVbFcw==, figureFileBig=Z+bOv5tmq5Ku326NZU6vEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458162906317115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Current distribution diagram of two ports at each resonance point, figureFileSmall=dYdLYSoYvRO99C1uCi9LwQ==, figureFileBig=+LpkDditF3yiazzri5dHdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163006980417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图7, caption=双端口在各谐振点的电流分布图, figureFileSmall=dYdLYSoYvRO99C1uCi9LwQ==, figureFileBig=+LpkDditF3yiazzri5dHdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163099255110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Antenna object and measuring device, figureFileSmall=W7hqtRJq8vIjxlcd020CxQ==, figureFileBig=Vvqp+0kHwOoehKoJex13PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163191529804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图8, caption=天线实物及测量装置, figureFileSmall=W7hqtRJq8vIjxlcd020CxQ==, figureFileBig=Vvqp+0kHwOoehKoJex13PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163296387408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of simulation and measurement, figureFileSmall=77+ubvVJKTbTwLgfaoic7A==, figureFileBig=ChF6tneEMPsfaN9gT6zecw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163376079189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=图9, caption=模拟和测量的比较, figureFileSmall=77+ubvVJKTbTwLgfaoic7A==, figureFileBig=ChF6tneEMPsfaN9gT6zecw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1251458163447382361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameter of the antenna

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数尺寸
H1.6
H111.6
H210.0
H30.8
L50.0
Sx13.0
C15.0
M5.11
R11.8
R21.6
R31.0
L12.25
W15.81
L26.75
W21.00
W37.19
L32.00
W44.00
d4.75
Vx5.70
), ArticleFig(id=1251458163514491229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天线参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数尺寸
H1.6
H111.6
H210.0
H30.8
L50.0
Sx13.0
C15.0
M5.11
R11.8
R21.6
R31.0
L12.25
W15.81
L26.75
W21.00
W37.19
L32.00
W44.00
d4.75
Vx5.70
), ArticleFig(id=1251458163615154534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of the proposed antenna to previously reported antennas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献馈电方式工作频段/GHz制造使用组件交叉极化电平/dB天线尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)
10微带线馈电2.3~5.0正交偶极子,金属条,短引脚,馈线,金属反射器,基板,尼龙柱20100×100×32.8
11微带线馈电1.82~3.41基板,偶极子贴片,同轴线,微带线,反射板,尼龙柱,辐射臂17100×100×29.8
12巴伦馈电1.71~2.69和3.35~3.6寄生元件,辐射原件,底座框架,接地板,宽带巴伦,塑料柱19140×140×43
14同轴馈电1.71~2.69和3.32~3.85交叉偶极子,同轴馈电电缆,馈电结构,反射器,基板,塑料螺钉,铜墙29150×150×36.6
本文同轴馈电2.08~2.77和3.66~5.36基板,金属铜柱,塑料柱,辐射贴片,偶极子贴片2050×50×11.6
), ArticleFig(id=1251458163724206444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1251194880429441115, articleId=1251458154597400676, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

所设计的双极化天线与参考文献中天线的比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献馈电方式工作频段/GHz制造使用组件交叉极化电平/dB天线尺寸/(mm×mm×mm)
10微带线馈电2.3~5.0正交偶极子,金属条,短引脚,馈线,金属反射器,基板,尼龙柱20100×100×32.8
11微带线馈电1.82~3.41基板,偶极子贴片,同轴线,微带线,反射板,尼龙柱,辐射臂17100×100×29.8
12巴伦馈电1.71~2.69和3.35~3.6寄生元件,辐射原件,底座框架,接地板,宽带巴伦,塑料柱19140×140×43
14同轴馈电1.71~2.69和3.32~3.85交叉偶极子,同轴馈电电缆,馈电结构,反射器,基板,塑料螺钉,铜墙29150×150×36.6
本文同轴馈电2.08~2.77和3.66~5.36基板,金属铜柱,塑料柱,辐射贴片,偶极子贴片2050×50×11.6
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基于“L”形探针馈电的宽带双极化微带贴片天线设计
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李新春 , 苏熠璇
重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版) | 新一代移动通信 2025,37(5): 638-646
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重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版) | 新一代移动通信 2025, 37(5): 638-646
基于“L”形探针馈电的宽带双极化微带贴片天线设计
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李新春 , 苏熠璇
作者信息
  • 辽宁工程技术大学 电子与信息工程学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105
  • 李新春,高级工程师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为工业物联网、射频电路与系统。E-mail:

    苏熠璇,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为射频天线技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

Design of wide-band dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna based on “L” probe feed
Xinchun LI , Yixuan SU
Affiliations
  • School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, P R China
doi: 10.3979/j.issn.1673-825X.202408120211
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设计并仿真优化了一款基于“L”形探针馈电的新型±45°双极化微带贴片天线。采用2个正交且具有高度差的“L”形探针相互耦合馈电以实现双极化,使得天线所承载的信道容量得到大幅度提升。介于两介质基板之间的金属铜柱起到馈电和辐射的作用。微带辐射贴片通过金属化过孔连接,并采用开口均朝内的对称“τ”形槽设计以增加谐振频点,将极化贴片设计成“S”形以扩展带宽。仿真结果表明,天线在2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz频段S11<-10 dB,相对阻抗带宽为66.15%,增益不低于6 dBi,辐射效率在90%以上,端口之间的隔离度大于10 dB,交叉极化电平大于20 dB。经实物制作及实际测量表明,天线在端口1处的测量结果与模拟结果之间吻合良好;在端口2处由于制作工艺及实验测试环境条件的影响使得测量结果有偏移,但在可接受范围内。与相近研究结果相比,设计天线具有宽带宽、结构简单易于制作、尺寸小的优势,可应用于C波段(3700~4200 MHz)和无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)频带(2400~2484 MHz和5150~5350 MHz)的无线收发通信系统。

“L”形探针  /  双极化  /  耦合馈电  /  宽带宽

A novel ±45° dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna based on “L”-shaped probe feeding is designed and simulated for optimization. Two orthogonal “L”-shaped probes with a height difference are used for mutual coupling feeding to achieve dual polarization, significantly increasing the antenna's channel capacity. The copper metal columns between the two dielectric substrates play the role of feeding and radiation. The microstrip radiation patches are connected through metalized vias, and symmetrical “τ”-shaped grooves designed with openings facing inward are adopted to increase the resonance frequency point, the polarization patch is designed in an “S”-shape to expand the bandwidth. Simulation results show that the S11 of the antenna is less than -10 dB within the frequency bands of 2.08~2.77 GHz & 3.66~5.36 GHz, the relative impedance bandwidth is 66.15%, the gain is not less than 6 dBi, the radiation efficiency is above 90%, the isolation between ports is greater than 10 dB, and the cross-polarization level is greater than 20 dB. Physical fabrication and actual measurements demonstrate good agreement between the measured and simulated results at port 1, while minor deviations at port 2 are attributed to fabrication and testing conditions but remain within acceptable limits. Compared with similar studies, the proposed antenna features wide bandwidth, compact structure, and ease of fabrication, making it suitable for C-band(3700~4200 MHz)and WLAN(2400~2484 MHz and 5150~5350 MHz)wireless transceiver communication systems.

“L” shaped probe  /  dual polarization  /  coupled feed  /  wide bandwidth
李新春, 苏熠璇. 基于“L”形探针馈电的宽带双极化微带贴片天线设计. 重庆邮电大学学报(自然科学版), 2025 , 37 (5) : 638 -646 . DOI: 10.3979/j.issn.1673-825X.202408120211
Xinchun LI, Yixuan SU. Design of wide-band dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna based on “L” probe feed[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Natural Science Edition), 2025 , 37 (5) : 638 -646 . DOI: 10.3979/j.issn.1673-825X.202408120211
近些年,现代终端通信设备的内部空间本已经非常有限[1],天线作为移动通信设备中重要的一个环节,其性能优劣对系统整体性能的发挥起到关键作用[2]。为了更好地满足通信系统的要求,传统的双极化天线向着宽带化、低剖面方向发展[3-5]。通信系统的天线数量在不断增加,宽带天线可以覆盖多个通信频段,减少天线数量,从而可以减少通信成本。双极化天线主要结合了两副具有+45°和-45°极化正交的天线,并且其一般工作在收发双工模式下,这种方式不仅可以提升信道容量,而且能够节省定向基站天线的数目。同时,双极化天线具有很好的极化正交性来保证两副天线之间较高的端口隔离度,从而使得双极化天线之间的空间间隔比较小。此外,在城区等建筑密集的地方,电磁波多次反射后会产生多径衰落,双极化天线可以有效抑制多径衰落[6]。由于双极化天线具有双极化工作、收发一体化、提高雷达探测能力等特性,在目标识别、反隐身、抗干扰等方面具有重要作用,近年来得到了广泛的研究与应用[7]
目前,微带贴片结构的双极化天线的馈电结构包括微带线馈电、巴伦馈电、微带-缝隙耦合馈电及同轴探针馈电,并且每种馈电方式实现宽带化的技术各不相同。文献[8]中,天线基板两侧的贴片和梯形板由笛卡尔坐标的点沿斜线对称排列而成,并且通过改变这些点的值来改变宽带范围。文献[9]中,天线通过在外围设计一个方形寄生谐振环和在反射金属板的四周各放置一个垂直于底板的金属条带这2种方式增加带宽。此外,提出的人工磁导体(artificial magnetic conductor,AMC)结构为双层贴片结构,并且与地面介质相互分离,增加空气间隙,以此提高AMC同相位反射的带宽。文献[10]中,天线基于多模谐振原理,L形条和H形条用于激发天线的第三谐振模式,实现了较宽的带宽。文献[11]采用偶极子两臂均为双面印刷的方式,并利用金属化过孔进行短路连接来拓宽工作带宽。文献[12]利用巴伦中的齿形槽线实现了天线的宽带宽,并且引入交叉哑铃形寄生元件来产生陷波带,同时改善工作频段内的阻抗匹配。文献[13]通过将设计的单极化Vivaldi天线十字交叉镶嵌得到最终的双极化天线,并设计了契合模拟能量密度波纹的拟合曲线槽缝,从而大大拓展带宽。文献[14]中,天线交叉偶极子的几何结构经过精心设计,以获得低频段和高频段所需的匹配,两对偶极子之间存在较强的互耦合,有助于获得较宽的带宽。文献[15]中,天线的双环结构与寄生元件之间的强耦合产生新的谐振,有效地将带宽扩展到较低频率,同时4个带有短路壁的寄生贴片偶极子也可以扩展工作带宽。文献[16]中,天线的交叉偶极子用于实现天线的双极化特性,通过在交叉偶极子上方加载寄生贴片和在偶极子臂处开槽,扩展了天线的阻抗带宽。由此可见,微带线馈电通过改变贴片形状或者辐射结构来增加带宽[8,11],但馈电时两馈线直通导致隔离度较差;巴伦馈电通过改变槽线形状或者添加寄生元件拓展带宽[12],但是巴伦部分体积大,设计难度较高;微带-缝隙耦合馈电采取改变槽缝大小或者位置的方法延长带宽[13],但微带线位于缝隙地板两侧,增加了阻抗匹配难度;同轴探针馈电通过改变偶极子的结构来加强耦合,从而扩展带宽[14,16],同时满足天线单元宽带宽、高隔离度且结构简单体积小的要求。
综上所述,本文提出一种基于双L探针互相正交形成耦合馈电的宽带宽双极化微带天线的构造,微带辐射贴片通过金属化过孔连接可以增加电流路径,提高天线的工作带宽;金属化过孔的引入相当于引入了电感,增加了天线的感性。本文的创新工作旨在对介质基板上表面的4个矩形辐射贴片做开口均朝内的对称“τ”形槽设计来增加谐振频点;将高低探针连接的矩形偶极子贴片设计为“S”形,进一步扩展了天线的阻抗带宽;天线在2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz频带实现了约66.15%的阻抗带宽,同时覆盖C波段和无线局域网(wireless local area network,WLAN)的无线收发通信系统;制作的实物表明,该天线平面结构简单、体积小,易于制作。
天线结构如图1所示,天线由2个交叉且极化方向为±45°的“S”形偶极子贴片、4个挖有对称“τ”形槽的矩形辐射贴片、2个“L”形馈电结构、4根金属铜柱、4根塑料柱和2个介质基板构成。偶极子贴片与矩形贴片位于FR4_epoxy介质基板上,其相对介电常数为4.4,损耗角正切为0.02,厚度H为1.6 mm。其中,高探针连接的偶极子贴片位于介质基板上表面,低探针连接的偶极子贴片位于介质基板下表面,为了得到双极化辐射特性,将2个矩形偶极子正交放置。“L”探针的实现方式就是底馈,也就是在地板背部馈电,金属铜柱连接微带贴片和底部理想介质电导体,从而增加了天线的电学长度,提高了天线的工作带宽和性能。
为了实现天线的单向辐射,在距离上层介质基板H1为11.6 mm(即高探针高度)处设置同样材质的介质基板,其厚度H3为0.8 mm,并将基板最底部设置为理想介质电导体结构;在基板的4个顶点位置加入塑料柱,可以很好地支撑介质基板,使得基板与基板之间的距离保持不变。2根同轴线分别标记为端口1、端口2,当激励端口1时,端口2接匹配负载,此时天线为+45°极化;当激励端口2时,端口1接匹配负载,此时天线为-45°极化。
天线的优化过程如图2所示。图2a中,天线最初的形态是4个放置在介质基板上表面边长为Sx的矩形辐射贴片和在基板上、下表面各放置一个长为C、宽为M的偶极子贴片[17]。矩形贴片结构有利于形成天线表面电流,增强偶极子表面电流的强度。采用具有高度差且正交放置的“L”形同轴馈电,当其中一个偶极子贴片被激励时,则会在其相应的方向上产生一个极化;另一个偶极子贴片作为寄生单元,两者之间产生耦合,继而在另一个方向产生不同的极化,可扩展阻抗带宽;通过调整馈电轴相对辐射贴片的位置、探针相对偶极子贴片的位置和偶极子贴片的尺寸可以实现良好的阻抗匹配,提高天线的匹配性能,扩展天线的阻抗带宽。
图2a的基础上将矩形辐射贴片挖出以原点为中心对称放置的“τ”形槽,见图2b。从等效电路的角度看,天线开槽相当于在天线的等效电路中引入了新的电感、电容或两者的组合。谐振频率的计算公式为
式(1)中:L为电路参数电感;C为电容。LC的改变会导致谐振频率发生变化。槽的形状为“τ”形并且槽口的末端对向而行的设计方法使得天线在原本没有谐振的频率上产生谐振,即新增谐振频点。
在天线2基础上进一步优化,见图2c,将极化偶极子贴片设计成“S”形,这种曲折度更高的形状增加了天线的电长度,增加了电流的流动路径,拓宽了天线的频带;同时获取同样的频段,曲折度高比曲折度低的天线极化程度更高,使得设计的天线尺寸更小。
在开对称“τ”形槽结构和设计“S”形贴片3种情况下,1~7 GHz频段输入端反射系数S11的波形如图3所示,。天线1即图2a,在最初的形态下,天线的S11图3中的橙色曲线,可以发现,天线1形成了2个谐振点,其中一个谐振点在2.02 GHz附近,另外一个谐振点在4.79 GHz附近。前者是由被激励的矩形偶极子天线产生的,后者是由激励的偶极子与未被激励的偶极子之间的电容耦合产生的,天线在1.86~2.17 GHz、3.89~5.06 GHz频段的S11<-10 dB,两点相隔较远,导致2个谐振点之间的频段匹配性能变差。
天线2即图2b,对介质基板上表面的辐射贴片开槽,此时天线的S11图3中的蓝色曲线,此时天线有3个谐振点:一个谐振点在2.86 GHz附近,是由矩形偶极子自身激励产生;另2个分别在3.95 GHz、5.01 GHz附近,是由两对矩形偶极子互耦产生。此时天线在2.44~3.30 GHz、3.54~5.27 GHz频段的S11<-10 dB,和天线1相比,产生一个新的谐振点,扩大了天线的阻抗带宽,这主要是因为开槽改变了电流流动路径,造成低频段无法正常匹配,将频点向更高频率移动;同时电流在矩形偶极子处集中,提高了耦合程度,增加了新的频点。从图3可以看出,3个谐振点所在频段匹配较好。
天线3即图2c,设计矩形偶极子为“S”形,此时天线的S11图3中的红色曲线,在2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz频段的S11<-10 dB。形状的改变使电流流向路径发生变化,低频段范围向左侧迁移;3个谐振点相隔距离较为集中,提升了天线的匹配性能。此时天线的相对带宽达到了66.15%,天线频段可应用于C波段与WLAN频带。
为研究天线各参数对天线性能的影响,采用单一变量法,即当研究某一个参数时,其余参数保持不变。全文运用Ansys HFSS仿真软件对天线仿真优化。因为双极化天线是对称性结构,在两端口分别激励时性能的差异较小,故只激励其中一个端口进行参数分析。
不同参数对天线S11的影响如图4所示。图4a给出了探针高度H2对所设计天线S11的影响关系,位于对角线两侧的两探针高度虽不一样,但为了明显看出两探针高度对阻抗带宽所产生的影响,设置两探针高度差为定值。由图4a可以看出,随着探针高度的增加,谐振点总是向较低的频点处进行偏移,频点先从2个变成3个再又变成2个,并且带宽也是先增大后减小。所以适当改变探针高度可以起到拓展天线带宽的作用,最终H2设计为10 mm。
加载金属铜柱相当于在天线中引入了电感元件,可以提供天线更高的电感元件值,改变天线的电感性能;同时,金属铜柱是与辐射贴片相接的,会产生一些附加的电容效应,这使得金属铜柱作为一个L-C电路元件,可以提供电感和电容,以使天线具有更好的阻抗匹配和谐波抑制特性。图4b图4c分别给出了金属铜柱圆心相对辐射贴片内侧的距离d、辐射贴片开对称放置的“τ”形槽的开口宽度L1对所设计天线S11的影响,可以由图4b图4c看出,随着d或者L1的增加,谐振点位置基本保持不变,而整体曲线慢慢上移,带宽先增加后减小。但d超过了4.75 mm后,金属铜柱离馈电铜柱变远会降低辐射效能,所以天线在4.45~4.65 GHz频段时天线的匹配性能降低,即S11超过了-10 dB;同样,当L1超过2.25 mm之后,天线在4.05~5.15 GHz频段谐振频率降低。通过优化设计,最终d确定为4.75 mm、L1为2.25 mm。
图4d图4e图4f分别为其他参数不变,“L”形探针距离中心的距离Vx、极化偶极子贴片长度C、矩形偶极子改“S”形的深度W4对天线S11的影响关系,从图4可以看出,3条曲线相同点是随着参数的增大,曲线均逐渐下移;不同点是图4d中随着Vx不断增大,谐振点2.39 GHz、5.13 GHz的位置基本不变,谐振点3.98 GHz却在逐渐增大;图4e中,随着C不断增大,谐振点3.98 GHz位置基本不变,谐振点2.39 GHz、5.13 GHz却在逐渐减小;图4f中,随着W4不断增大,谐振点2.39 GHz、3.98 GHz位置基本不变,谐振点5.13 GHz却在逐渐减小。相同点与不同点的效果均为天线随着参数的增大而延长带宽,但在3.66~5.36 GHz频段会随着参数的继续增大而不断收窄,从而减小带宽。所以适当选择参数,即Vx为5.7 mm、C为15 mm、W4为4mm时匹配效果最佳。
经过仿真优化设计,天线结构尺寸如表1所示。
天线的增益和辐射效率如图5所示,黄色曲线表示天线的最大可实现增益,蓝色曲线表示天线的辐射效率,在2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz频段,天线的增益在6~10 dBi浮动,体现了天线增益的稳定性,辐射效率在90%以上。
双端口在各谐振点的辐射方向图如图6所示。图6a图6c图6e是端口1在谐振频点2.39 GHz、3.98 GHz、5.13 GHz下对应的E面和H面辐射方向图,图6b图6d图6f则是端口2在3个谐振点下对应的辐射方向图。其中,E面指平行于电场方向的平面;H面指平行于磁场方向的平面。图6中,蓝色曲线为E面交叉极化;红色曲线为E面主极化;绿色曲线为H面主极化;黄色曲线为H面交叉极化。从图6可以看出,在E面与H面上天线主极化与交叉极化差值均超过10 dB,交叉极化电平大于20 dB,极化隔离度高。另外,当激励端口1和端口2分别+45°极化与-45°极化,天线在同一频点不同端口的辐射方向图体现在E面与H面上就是主极化与交叉极化正好完全对称反转,体现了天线在工作频带内的极化稳定性。
双端口在各谐振点的电流分布图如图7所示。图7a图7b图7c是谐振频点2.39 GHz、3.98 GHz、5.13 GHz下从端口1输入时电流的分布情况,图7d图7e图7f则是从端口2输入时电流的分布情况。从图7可以看出,随着频点的增大,端口1、端口2处电流均由辐射贴片逐渐流向极化偶极子贴片,使得偶极子贴片流过的电流达到最大强度。不同的是当端口1、2被激励时,极化偶极子上的电流分别在+45°和-45°方向上占主导地位,所以当激励端口1时,高探针连接的偶极子贴片处电流会达到最大强度;相反当激励端口2时,低探针连接的偶极子贴片处会达到电流最大值。
对所提出的天线进行了制作与测试,天线实物及测量装置如图8所示。天线的正视图、侧视图与后视图分别见图8a图8c,最终尺寸为50 mm× 50 mm×11.6 mm。图8d的装置为可测频带为0~14 GHz的Keysight E5063A矢量网络分析仪,测试后获得天线S11与正向传输系数S21的值。
天线S11S21在不同端口下的仿真结果与实际测试的对比图如图9所示。从图9a可以看出,在端口1的测量条件下,无论是S11还是S21,仿真结果与实测结果基本相似。图9b中端口2的实测结果,受天线加工工艺及实验测试环境条件的影响,S11S21特性曲线有所偏移,但频段范围在可接受范围内。
本文设计的双极化天线与参考文献中天线的比较如表2所示。在表2中,所设计的双极化天线性能与参考文献设计的天线进行了分析比较,通过对比表明,本文所设计的天线具有较高的天线阻抗带宽,覆盖更多的通信频段,天线实物具有尺寸小成本低,复杂度较小易于制作的优点。
本文提出了一款基于L形探针耦合馈电的宽带宽双极化天线,采用具有高度差且正交放置的“L”形探针同轴馈电,高探针连接的偶极子贴片被激励时,会在其相应的方向上产生一个极化,而与低探针连接的偶极子贴片之间产生耦合,会在另一个方向产生不同的极化,可扩展阻抗带宽。加载金属铜柱并连接辐射贴片使其具有更好的阻抗匹配和谐波抑制特性,通过将辐射贴片做开口均朝内的对称“τ”形槽设计以增加谐振频点,另外将极化贴片改成“S”形以延长带宽。经过仿真优化最终得到有效频段为2.08~2.77 GHz、3.66~5.36 GHz,可用于C波段及WLAN频带。天线相对阻抗带宽为66.15%,工作频段增益不低于6 dBi,辐射效率大于90%,隔离度大于10 dB,双端口在各中心频点方向图稳定。经实物制作与实际测量表明,天线在端口1的S11S21与仿真结果基本相同;在端口2处曲线有所偏移,这是由于制作工艺存在缺陷、实验环境的局限性造成的,未来相信经过工艺改进、实验测试环境的加强能够提高实测结果与仿真结果的相似度。与其他参考文献相比,本文天线具有宽带宽、体积小、复杂度小易于制作等优点。
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2025年第37卷第5期
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doi: 10.3979/j.issn.1673-825X.202408120211
  • 接收时间:2024-08-12
  • 首发时间:2026-04-16
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-12
  • 修回日期:2025-04-08
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    辽宁工程技术大学 电子与信息工程学院,辽宁 葫芦岛 125105

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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