Article(id=1307264788153782455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264513963750099, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1700064000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-16, revisedDate=1704211200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-03, acceptedDate=1710432000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-15, onlineDate=1789605813301, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605813301, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605813301, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605813301, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264513963750099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='404', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605747929, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605747929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=308, endPage=323, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264788288000184, articleId=1307264788153782455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Source-Sink System Coupling and Sedimentation Filling Process of a Large Sublacustrine Fan: A case study from the Dongying Formation in the southeast slope of Bozhong Depression, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The genetic mechanism and sedimentary filling process of the Dongying Formation sublacustrine fan are unclear in the slope zone of the southeastern part of Bozhong Depression, which restricts the fine study of sublacustrine fan and deployment of well location in the study area, Methods From the perspective of source-sink system and three-dimensional seismic data, we semi-quantitatively analyzed the denude capacity and transportation path of the Bonan low uplift provenance. In addition, we clarified the characteristic sedimentary response and source coupling mechanism of a large-scale sublacustrine fan. We established the sedimentary filling process of a sublacustrine fan and summarized the development mode of a sublacustrine fan. Results (1) the Dong 2 subsequence is in the stage of lake-basin fracture-sink transition, which can be divided into two third-order sequences, in which the sublacustrine fan is developed in the highstand systems tract period of the lower Dong 2 subsequence; (2) during the period of lower Dong 2, the flux of denudation of the eastern section of the Bonan low uplift is larger than that of a sublacustrine fan. The detrital material provided by near provenances in the western part of the Bonan low uplift is unloaded under the depositional break of the slope along seven ancient gullies and five restricted ancient gullies. The coupling of near source supply, transport channel, and sedimentary slope break formed a large contiguous lacustrine fan deposit; and (3) the sedimentary filling process of asublacustrine fan is controlled by the location of restricted paleogeomorphology and the amount of space. Among them the early restricted paleogeomorphic formation can create large accommodating space, the sublacustrine fan sand body is preferentially unloaded. It formed the three major fan deposits, A, B and C. Owing to the spatial restriction of the two sides, the strong hydrodynamic conditions and seismic phases exhibit a chaotic down-cut channel superimposed on the lateral migration, and the formed fans are more sand-rich. With the entry of gravity flow with continuous replenishment in the later stage, the accommodating space gradually decreases, while the gravity flow along the replenishment channel overflows to the center of the open lake basin, forming two fans, D and E. Owing to the energy gradually weakening, the seismic phases have the characteristics of laminar strong-amplitude reflections, with the characteristics of the watercourse being inconspicuous, and the sand-richness is moderate. Late-stage source supply and energy is weak, and localized erosion and modification of seismic relative to early fan bodies exhibits weak amplitude reflections dominated by muddy watercourses. The large lake bottom fan has a spatiotemporal distribution and evolution pattern of early restrictive filling, middle overflow adjustment and late erosion and modification, which constitutes a developmental feature of lateral contiguous and vertical multi-phase superposition. Conclusions The three sectors, A, B, and C, below the first terrace are sand-rich and shallowly buried, with good conditions for oil and gas transportation and aggregation and excellent reservoir-cover combinations. The sweet spot area of sector C sector is large and has been an important target for the exploration of rocky reservoirs in the Bohai Sea in recent years.

, authors=QiMing WANG, HaiFeng YANG, DaYong GUAN, XiaoBo HUANG, Wei XU, ZhiPing WANG, Kai PAN, authorsList=QiMing WANG, HaiFeng YANG, DaYong GUAN, XiaoBo HUANG, Wei XU, ZhiPing WANG, Kai PAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264792398418131, articleId=1307264788153782455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=大型湖底扇源—汇系统耦合与沉积充填过程——以渤中凹陷东南斜坡带东营组为例, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 渤中凹陷东南部斜坡带东营组湖底扇成因机制和沉积充填过程尚不明确,制约了研究区湖底扇的精细研究和井位部署。 方法 利用三维地震资料,从源—汇系统角度,半定量表征了渤南低凸起物源区的剥蚀能力与搬运路径,开展了大型湖底扇的沉积响应特征和源—汇耦合机制研究,总结了湖底扇的沉积充填过程与发育模式。 结果 (1)东二层序处于湖盆断陷转换阶段,可划分为两个三级层序。其中,湖底扇发育在东二下层序高位域时期;(2)东二下时期渤南低凸起东段剥蚀通量大于湖底扇的沉积通量。渤南低凸起东段近物源提供的碎屑物质,沿着7条古沟谷和5个限制性古沟槽等搬运通道,在斜坡沉积坡折之下卸载。近物源供给、搬运通道、沉积坡折三者耦合形成了大型连片分布的湖底扇沉积;(3)湖底扇沉积充填受控于限制性古地貌发育位置与可容纳空间大小。其中,早期限制性古地貌形成的可容纳空间大,湖底扇砂体优先卸载,形成A、B、C三大扇体沉积,由于两侧的空间限制,水动力条件强,地震相表现为杂乱的下切水道与侧向迁移叠加的特征,形成的扇体富砂性较好。随着后期不断补充的重力流进入,可容纳空间逐渐减小,而重力流沿补给通道向开阔的湖盆中心满溢,形成D和E两个扇体,由于能量逐渐减弱,地震相具有层状强振幅反射特征,水道特征不明显,富砂性中等。晚期物源供应和能量较弱,对早期扇体进行局部侵蚀和改造,地震相表现出弱振幅反射,形成的水道以泥质充填为主。大型湖底扇具有早期限制性充填、中期溢流调整和晚期侵蚀改造的时空分布和演化规律,构成了横向连片和垂向多期叠加的发育特征。 结论 一台阶之下的A、B、C三个扇体富砂性较好,埋藏浅,具有良好的油气运移与聚集条件,且储盖组合优良。其中刻画的C扇体甜点区面积大,是近年来渤海岩性油气藏勘探的重要目标。

, authors=王启明, 杨海风, 官大勇, 黄晓波, 徐伟, 王志萍, 潘凯, authorsList=王启明, 杨海风, 官大勇, 黄晓波, 徐伟, 王志萍, 潘凯, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

王启明,男,1984年出生,硕士,高级工程师,沉积储层与岩性油气藏,E-mail:

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王启明,男,1984年出生,硕士,高级工程师,沉积储层与岩性油气藏,E-mail:

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王启明,男,1984年出生,硕士,高级工程师,沉积储层与岩性油气藏,E-mail:

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Marine and Petroleum Geology, 124: 104839., articleTitle=Deep-lacustrine sediment gravity flow channel-lobe complexes on a stepped slope: An example from the Chengbei low uplift, Bohai Bay Basin, East China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307264800984158501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Fund Project of CNOOC, No. CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM 36 TJ 08 TJ, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307264792595550420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264792603939029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, companyId=1307264792595550420, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tianjin Branch, CNOOC(China) Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin 300459, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264792608133334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, companyId=1307264792595550420, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307264796710162695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comprehensive histogram of regional tectonic location and strata in the southeast slope zone of Bozhong Depression, figureFileSmall=zQwZH2hiX0H9YPBgV+uuZw==, figureFileBig=8hOM8vT2+eqYyi2a+89rmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264796777271560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=CN, label=图1, caption=渤中凹陷东南斜坡带区域构造位置与地层发育特征

(a)区域构造位置图;(b)构造—地层综合柱状图

, figureFileSmall=zQwZH2hiX0H9YPBgV+uuZw==, figureFileBig=8hOM8vT2+eqYyi2a+89rmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264797167341833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sequence stratigraphic characteristics of the Dongying Formation in the southeast slope zone of Bozhong Depression, figureFileSmall=i6PrMUUCFi1Tk64l7nLxTQ==, figureFileBig=lQAgI9Tin+HXcTNJ2No5QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264797234450698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=CN, label=图2, caption=渤中凹陷东南斜坡带东营组层序地层特征(剖面位置见图1中P1), figureFileSmall=i6PrMUUCFi1Tk64l7nLxTQ==, figureFileBig=lQAgI9Tin+HXcTNJ2No5QA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264797322531083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Seismic response characteristics of a sublacustrine fan in the southeast slope of Bozhong Depression and its analogy with a typical sublacustrine fan in Liaozhong Depression, figureFileSmall=n/voNDbRvWIZfWhVJbDFIQ==, figureFileBig=zXtJKvOWXKGCADez8PDO6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264797381251340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=CN, label=图3, caption=渤中凹陷东南斜坡带湖底扇地震响应特征及与辽中凹陷典型湖底扇类比

(a)剖面位置见图1中P2;(b,c)辽中凹陷东营组湖底扇地震相特征(据刘艺萌等,2019修改)

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(a)东二下时期物源区母岩分布;(b)物源区母岩不同岩相地震相特征

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(a)物源区地层剥蚀厚度计算方法;(b)剥蚀厚度平面分布

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(a)剖面位置见图4中p2;(b)剖面位置见图4中p3

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(a)剖面位置见图10中p1;(b)剖面位置见图10中p2;(c)剖面位置见图10中p3

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(a)剖面位置见图10中p4;(b)剖面位置见图10中p5;(c)剖面位置见图10中p6

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(a)剖面位置见图10中p7;(b)剖面位置见图10中p8;(c)剖面位置见图10中p9

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(a)C扇有利目标地震响应特征:(b)C扇伪墒地震属性;(c)C扇厚度分布

, figureFileSmall=+2aCpJXdWfdnnZSsatsi2A==, figureFileBig=IEBze+4jmTGkTaJZ2vKz+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264800694751521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Characteristics of denudation flux parameters in source area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥蚀通量表征参数汇水单元1汇水单元2汇水单元3
剥蚀面积/km2130.459.0121.9
平均剥蚀厚度/m537.7520.2512.8
剥蚀量/km370.130.762.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307264800757666082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

物源区剥蚀通量参数特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剥蚀通量表征参数汇水单元1汇水单元2汇水单元3
剥蚀面积/km2130.459.0121.9
平均剥蚀厚度/m537.7520.2512.8
剥蚀量/km370.130.762.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307264800833163555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameter characteristics of sedimentary channel in sedimentary area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积通量表征参数A扇B扇C扇D扇E扇
沉积体面积/km2158.999.157.5144.5185.5
平均沉积厚度/m216216126190360
沉积物体积/km334.321.17.228.666.8
), ArticleFig(id=1307264800891883812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264788153782455, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

沉积区沉积通道参数特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积通量表征参数A扇B扇C扇D扇E扇
沉积体面积/km2158.999.157.5144.5185.5
平均沉积厚度/m216216126190360
沉积物体积/km334.321.17.228.666.8
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大型湖底扇源—汇系统耦合与沉积充填过程——以渤中凹陷东南斜坡带东营组为例
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王启明 , 杨海风 , 官大勇 , 黄晓波 , 徐伟 , 王志萍 , 潘凯
沉积学报 | 2026,44(1): 308-323
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (1) : 308 -323
大型湖底扇源—汇系统耦合与沉积充填过程——以渤中凹陷东南斜坡带东营组为例
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王启明 , 杨海风, 官大勇, 黄晓波, 徐伟, 王志萍, 潘凯
作者信息
  • 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459
作者简介:

王启明,男,1984年出生,硕士,高级工程师,沉积储层与岩性油气藏,E-mail:

Source-Sink System Coupling and Sedimentation Filling Process of a Large Sublacustrine Fan: A case study from the Dongying Formation in the southeast slope of Bozhong Depression
QiMing WANG , HaiFeng YANG, DaYong GUAN, XiaoBo HUANG, Wei XU, ZhiPing WANG, Kai PAN
Affiliations
  • Tianjin Branch, CNOOC(China) Co. , Ltd. , Tianjin 300459, China
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.004
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目的 渤中凹陷东南部斜坡带东营组湖底扇成因机制和沉积充填过程尚不明确,制约了研究区湖底扇的精细研究和井位部署。 方法 利用三维地震资料,从源—汇系统角度,半定量表征了渤南低凸起物源区的剥蚀能力与搬运路径,开展了大型湖底扇的沉积响应特征和源—汇耦合机制研究,总结了湖底扇的沉积充填过程与发育模式。 结果 (1)东二层序处于湖盆断陷转换阶段,可划分为两个三级层序。其中,湖底扇发育在东二下层序高位域时期;(2)东二下时期渤南低凸起东段剥蚀通量大于湖底扇的沉积通量。渤南低凸起东段近物源提供的碎屑物质,沿着7条古沟谷和5个限制性古沟槽等搬运通道,在斜坡沉积坡折之下卸载。近物源供给、搬运通道、沉积坡折三者耦合形成了大型连片分布的湖底扇沉积;(3)湖底扇沉积充填受控于限制性古地貌发育位置与可容纳空间大小。其中,早期限制性古地貌形成的可容纳空间大,湖底扇砂体优先卸载,形成A、B、C三大扇体沉积,由于两侧的空间限制,水动力条件强,地震相表现为杂乱的下切水道与侧向迁移叠加的特征,形成的扇体富砂性较好。随着后期不断补充的重力流进入,可容纳空间逐渐减小,而重力流沿补给通道向开阔的湖盆中心满溢,形成D和E两个扇体,由于能量逐渐减弱,地震相具有层状强振幅反射特征,水道特征不明显,富砂性中等。晚期物源供应和能量较弱,对早期扇体进行局部侵蚀和改造,地震相表现出弱振幅反射,形成的水道以泥质充填为主。大型湖底扇具有早期限制性充填、中期溢流调整和晚期侵蚀改造的时空分布和演化规律,构成了横向连片和垂向多期叠加的发育特征。 结论 一台阶之下的A、B、C三个扇体富砂性较好,埋藏浅,具有良好的油气运移与聚集条件,且储盖组合优良。其中刻画的C扇体甜点区面积大,是近年来渤海岩性油气藏勘探的重要目标。

湖底扇  /  发育模式  /  沉积充填过程  /  源—汇系统  /  限制性地貌  /  渤海海域

Objective The genetic mechanism and sedimentary filling process of the Dongying Formation sublacustrine fan are unclear in the slope zone of the southeastern part of Bozhong Depression, which restricts the fine study of sublacustrine fan and deployment of well location in the study area, Methods From the perspective of source-sink system and three-dimensional seismic data, we semi-quantitatively analyzed the denude capacity and transportation path of the Bonan low uplift provenance. In addition, we clarified the characteristic sedimentary response and source coupling mechanism of a large-scale sublacustrine fan. We established the sedimentary filling process of a sublacustrine fan and summarized the development mode of a sublacustrine fan. Results (1) the Dong 2 subsequence is in the stage of lake-basin fracture-sink transition, which can be divided into two third-order sequences, in which the sublacustrine fan is developed in the highstand systems tract period of the lower Dong 2 subsequence; (2) during the period of lower Dong 2, the flux of denudation of the eastern section of the Bonan low uplift is larger than that of a sublacustrine fan. The detrital material provided by near provenances in the western part of the Bonan low uplift is unloaded under the depositional break of the slope along seven ancient gullies and five restricted ancient gullies. The coupling of near source supply, transport channel, and sedimentary slope break formed a large contiguous lacustrine fan deposit; and (3) the sedimentary filling process of asublacustrine fan is controlled by the location of restricted paleogeomorphology and the amount of space. Among them the early restricted paleogeomorphic formation can create large accommodating space, the sublacustrine fan sand body is preferentially unloaded. It formed the three major fan deposits, A, B and C. Owing to the spatial restriction of the two sides, the strong hydrodynamic conditions and seismic phases exhibit a chaotic down-cut channel superimposed on the lateral migration, and the formed fans are more sand-rich. With the entry of gravity flow with continuous replenishment in the later stage, the accommodating space gradually decreases, while the gravity flow along the replenishment channel overflows to the center of the open lake basin, forming two fans, D and E. Owing to the energy gradually weakening, the seismic phases have the characteristics of laminar strong-amplitude reflections, with the characteristics of the watercourse being inconspicuous, and the sand-richness is moderate. Late-stage source supply and energy is weak, and localized erosion and modification of seismic relative to early fan bodies exhibits weak amplitude reflections dominated by muddy watercourses. The large lake bottom fan has a spatiotemporal distribution and evolution pattern of early restrictive filling, middle overflow adjustment and late erosion and modification, which constitutes a developmental feature of lateral contiguous and vertical multi-phase superposition. Conclusions The three sectors, A, B, and C, below the first terrace are sand-rich and shallowly buried, with good conditions for oil and gas transportation and aggregation and excellent reservoir-cover combinations. The sweet spot area of sector C sector is large and has been an important target for the exploration of rocky reservoirs in the Bohai Sea in recent years.

sublacustrine fan  /  developmental pattern  /  sedimentary filling process  /  source-sink system  /  restrictive geomorphology  /  Bohai Sea area
王启明, 杨海风, 官大勇, 黄晓波, 徐伟, 王志萍, 潘凯. 大型湖底扇源—汇系统耦合与沉积充填过程——以渤中凹陷东南斜坡带东营组为例. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (1) : 308 -323 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.004
QiMing WANG, HaiFeng YANG, DaYong GUAN, XiaoBo HUANG, Wei XU, ZhiPing WANG, Kai PAN. Source-Sink System Coupling and Sedimentation Filling Process of a Large Sublacustrine Fan: A case study from the Dongying Formation in the southeast slope of Bozhong Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (1) : 308 -323 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.004
近20年来,“源—汇”概念开始在大陆边缘沉积作用研究中兴起,许多重大地球科学研究计划都设立了关于“源—汇”系统的长期研究工作,已成为国内外盆地分析和沉积学研究中十分关注的重要课题(Berryman et al.,2010Carter et al.,2010)。2010年以来,我国学者系统建立了陆相断陷盆地源—汇思想的概念和理论体系,探讨了地貌演化、源—汇过程与盆地分析的响应关系、源—汇与沉积体系的定量响应关系,并总结了源—汇沉积研究的工业化标准和流程,在渤海油田以及其他陆区的油气勘探中进行了诸多实践(徐长贵,20132022李顺利等,2017徐长贵等,2017杜晓峰等,2018杨棵等,2018),取得较好的应用效果。相对于洋陆边缘盆地,陆相盆地源—汇系统由于其复杂的地质条件,表现为封闭的局限湖盆系统,要素相对复杂,受古构造、古物源、古地貌、古气候等多因素共同影响,呈现盆外、盆内多物源注入并共存的格局,搬运体系存在沟谷、转换带通道、断槽通道等多种类型及其组合形式,造就其沉积体系横向变化快,平面上也难以预测。正是由于陆相盆地源—汇系统的复杂性和特殊性,加大了陆相盆地源—汇系统研究的难度(朱红涛等,20172022)。目前,陆相盆地源—汇系统研究主要集中在源—汇系统精细刻画与描述以及对沉积体系展布的控制作用等方面,多以盆内凸起(低凸起)形成的近源沉积为主,研究尺度多以一次源—汇系统展开(徐长贵等,2017聂银兰等,2022),而对于二次源—汇系统形成的湖底扇沉积体系及其时空分布规律涉及较少(祝彦贺等,2011黄银涛等,2016刘宇等,2022)。
断陷湖盆凹陷中心广泛发育湖底扇沉积,是岩性油气藏勘探重要的领域(谢玉洪等,2018李相博等,2019)。渤中凹陷是渤海湾盆地埋深最大的凹陷,也是渤海湾盆地最终的汇水中心和归宿地,大型盆外水系形成的辫状河三角洲分布范围广,有利于在盆缘坡折发育的地带形成规模型湖底扇沉积(谢玉洪等,2018杨田等,2021),如已在渤中19-6气田东营组、秦皇岛34-7构造东营组等地区发现了大型湖底扇砂体,且均已成藏(李虹等,2020张新涛等,2021)。渤中凹陷东南斜坡带在东营组也发育一套杂乱反射的异常体沉积,面积大,紧邻烃源岩层,储盖组合优良,油气运移通畅,具有较大的勘探潜力。该扇体目前无钻井揭示,前人对扇体成因与物质来源存在不同认识,在成因上认为是限制性三角洲(雷鸣等,2017),也有归属为滑塌成因或异重流成因的湖底扇沉积(李俊伟等,2018谢晓军等,2022),物质来源均笼统归结为渤南低凸起东段。但该区受地层埋深大、地震资料分辨率低、无钻井等因素制约,针对该湖底扇成因机制和充填演化等方面存在较大分歧,严重制约湖底扇精细研究和井位部署。本次将通过源—汇系统的角度,采用剥蚀与沉积响应关系分析,结合对古搬运通道刻画,对该区湖底扇的源—汇耦合机制及演化过程进行系统分析,并明确其充填演化规律,总结沉积模式,预测有利的油气勘探方向,以期指导环渤中凹陷岩性油气藏勘探,并为今后类似地区的二次源—汇系统研究提供借鉴。
渤中凹陷东南部位于渤南低凸起东段北侧缓坡带向渤中凹陷延伸的倾末端,夹持在渤南低凸起和渤东低凸起中南段之间,西以渤南低凸起渤中23构造脊为界,东以郯庐走滑断裂东支为界(李俊伟等,2018)(图1),区内面积约1 500 km2。工区主要发育北北东向郯庐走滑断裂、北西向张蓬断裂、北东方向边界断裂等三组断裂体系。其中,北西向张蓬断裂早期伸展和晚期活化,形成北西向倾末端,整体呈现斜坡带形态。北东向边界断裂持续伸展,形成北断南超的小型箕状洼陷和低凸起,呈现洼隆相间格局。而郯庐走滑断裂仅起到对构造复杂化作用,晚期雁列化特征明显。截至目前,围绕渤南低凸起东段先后发现了蓬莱19-3、渤中28-1等大中型油气田,靠近东北侧也发现了蓬莱7-6油田。钻井揭示围区主要含油层位为明化镇组、馆陶组、东营组及潜山,成藏条件非常优越(李俊伟等,2018)。研究区古近系自下而上发育孔店组、沙河街组和东营组。其中,东营组可划分为东三段、东二下、东二上与东一段。本区湖底扇主要发育在东营组东二下段,发育A、B、C、D、E共5个扇体(谢晓军等,2022),目前尚无钻井揭示。渤中凹陷新生代以来沉降迅速,主要发展阶段为非补偿性沉积,沉积物总体偏细。凹陷中心构造变形弱,长期活动性断裂少,缺乏运移通道和输导层,深层油气很难运移到浅层,而渤中凹陷周围的斜坡地带发育湖底扇,规模大,具有近源成藏的勘探潜力。
由于本区斜坡区无钻井资料,层序地层界面识别、划分以及等时地层格架建立主要通过地震层序界面的识别、级次厘定,并结合前人对渤中凹陷区域内各层序地震反射终止关系及其旋回性综合分析(龚承林等,2023),考虑全区地层发育特征及层序划分可行性,基于断拗转换面(T2)和裂陷幕转换面(T3)的厘定,将东营组整体划分为一个二级层序划分。基于层序充填样式及结构特征,将东营组划分为东三、东二下、东二上+东一3个三级层序,每个三级层序分为低位—湖泛体系域和高位体系域。通过层序划分,目标区异常沉积体位于东二下层序的高位体系域(图2)。
在地震剖面上,T3u界面之下是一个易于识别的杂乱反射—带有“前积”反射的顶超包络面,界面上部为连续性较好的中—弱地震反射。靠近渤中凹陷中心部位,T3u界面上下地震反射同相轴并没有典型的反射终止关系,只有地震反射同相轴的振幅强度差异变化。T3m界面上下地震相差异较小,上部地层地震反射同相轴呈弱振幅、较连续反射,下部同相轴亦如此,是早期反旋回和晚期正旋回的分界面。东二下层序的最大湖泛面是特征较为明显的最大洪泛面,界面之上为一套杂乱反射,向凸起高部位逐渐减薄并超覆在斜坡部位。向洼陷深处过渡为中强振幅、平行反射。界面之下是一套中弱振幅反射,向洼陷深处过渡为中强振幅、较连续反射。渤南低凸起东段在东营组稳定存在,不同层序其高位体系域发育范围多大于低位体系域发育范围。地形地貌控制体系域单元的发育展布。其中,低位体系域发育范围小,向凸起一侧尖灭迅速,高位体系域发育范围大,可向低凸起上延伸(图2)。
地震相分析与类比对无钻井区或钻井资料分布不均的地区进行沉积相预测具有重要的意义(高伟等,2017)。区内发育多种地震相类型,其中在第一坡折带内发育为低频、差连续性、中弱振幅地震相特征,以及低频、中低连续、中弱振幅地震相特征。第二坡折带内发育中频、中连续性、中等振幅地震相(图2)。垂直第一坡折带发育的3个扇体具有顶凸、中间厚、两侧薄的特征(图3a)。前人认为这种反射为三角洲沉积的响应。三角洲沉积物卸载场所具有开阔的沉积空间,平面上呈朵状分布,在地震相空间序列上从前积反射到连续平行反射演化(雷鸣等,2017马正武等,2022)。而研究区向湖盆方向,依次分布杂乱反射到斜交型前积反射。研究区地震相与传统三角洲地震相组合序列相反。而渤海辽东湾地区辽中凹陷东营组钻遇杂乱反射地震相多,主要为滑塌成因的湖底扇沉积。类比JZ31-1-1井、JZ20-2N-2井的地震相(刘艺萌等,2019),垂直扇体表现为中间厚、两翼薄的形态,地震相表现为中等振幅、断续、杂乱反射特征,顶部表现为强振幅反射(图3b,c)。两者在钻井上均揭示厚层砂体,含砂率超50%以上(刘艺萌等,2019)。根据辽中凹陷已钻湖底扇与之进行对比,详细解剖其地震反射特征,与A、B、C三个扇体地震响应特征类似。推测研究区这套杂乱反射异常体主要为重力流成因的湖底扇,而非牵引流形成的三角洲沉积。杂乱且顶凸不规则地震相也指示扇体富砂性较好。
由于该湖底扇紧邻渤南低凸起东段,且湖底扇展布面积大,渤南低凸起的供源能力存在较大分歧。本次研究基于钻测井资料以及高分辨连片三维地震资料,从源—汇系统角度对渤南低凸起东段物源供给能力进行分析,并通过对搬运通道刻画,探讨湖底扇物质来源与成因发育模式。
结合凸起之上钻井特征以及前人区域研究成果(谢晓军等,2022),物源区岩性主要包括前寒武系花岗岩、古生界碳酸盐岩、中生界火山岩与碎屑岩(图4)。前人认为研究区5个湖底扇受渤南低凸起提供物源形成,其中,A和D扇物源包括前寒武系花岗岩、中生代近火山口相的玄武/安山岩和中生代远火山口相的火山碎屑沉积岩,并以前两种岩性为主;B扇物源主要为中生代远火山口相的火山碎屑沉积岩;C和E扇物源主要为中生代近火山口相的玄武/安山岩(谢晓军等,2022)。凸起之上钻井揭示,在东二下层序高位体系域时期,渤南低凸起最高部位缺少东二段,靠近郯庐走滑断裂带东侧蓬莱19-3地区,钻井揭示沉积区发育东二下段,厚度介于50~150 m,并有砂体发育,说明低凸起具备供源能力(图5)。
根据脊梁线可把物源区划分为南、北两个物源体系,北物源体系根据分水岭可以划分为3个汇水单元,其剥蚀产物均向西北侧沉积区供给。根据高部位钻井揭示的物源区发育特征与地震反射特征,共同确定研究区东二下段高位域沉积时期物源区的展布范围。针对研究区不整合类型及范围来圈定,依据地层循环剥蚀与物质守恒定律,开展剥蚀区剥蚀量定量恢复,进行剥蚀总量反演(庞小军等,2017杜晓峰等,2018)。剥蚀区与沉积区之间存在斜坡地形作为过渡,层序界面同相轴分析显示,古近纪不同时期剥蚀区范围从早到晚逐步缩小。针对物源区分水岭以北的主要供源区域进行全区剥蚀顶面追踪,并将其同现今的新生代基底界面进行差值,参考已钻井资料进行时深转换工作,可以得出物源区中生界的剥蚀总厚度(图6)。前人认为近源沉积的沉积速率地层的厚度变化趋势可以近似反映紧邻凸起区的剥蚀速率,采用沉积速率法(颜照坤等,2010庞小军等,2017),先沿凸起走向计算出东二下段沉积速率占整个凸起供源时期沉积区沉积速率的比例,再乘以中生界的总剥蚀厚度,就可以近似得到东二下段沉积时期凸起区的剥蚀厚度。经计算,北物源体系剥蚀区面积为311 km2,平均剥蚀厚度介于520~540 m,剥蚀总量为163 km3表1)。沉积区5个扇体平均厚度介于120~360 m,沉积体面积介于58~186 km2,总的沉积体规模为158 km3表2)。经过计算的剥蚀总量大于湖底扇的沉积通量,说明渤南低凸起北物源体系的供给能力较好。
古沟谷发育在物源区之上,多位于层序界面附近,是源区沉积物向汇区内搬运、输导或堆积的相对低势区。其发育形态及规模与沉积体通常具有良好匹配关系。大型古沟谷由于侵蚀作用和搬运能力强,易在出口处发育大型沉积体;小型古沟谷侵蚀作用较弱,且作用时间较短,通常在出口处只发育小型沉积体。砂质沉积优先沉积充填,泥质沉积以漫流或片流形式沉积于汇区内。渤南低凸起上古沟谷发育,地震相为中弱振幅充填特征,平面上呈现NWW—NW展布,在过物源区近东西向的地震剖面上,自西南(SW)向东北(NE)发育了7大沟谷(图7),呈现出北宽南窄的特征,表现为垂直水流方向沟谷数量多,下切及双向上超特征明显。自a剖面逐渐往NW方向平移到b剖面,1号古沟谷发育规模已经开始逐渐减小,2号和3号古沟谷趋于稳定发育状态,4号和5号古沟谷发育规模在稳定增大,但下切能力明显减弱。整体沟谷形态由V型向U型转变。多个古沟谷为低凸起剥蚀的碎屑物质向沉积区搬运提供了良好的通道。
湖底扇的形成是沉积物势能积累与释放的过程,同沉积构造坡折带对其形成至关重要。因同沉积构造长期发育引起的沉积斜坡明显突变的地带,控制富砂沉积体的卸载与发育位置(加东辉等,2010)。按照坡折带发育位置与组合样式的关系,区内发育缓坡坡折类型中的顺向断阶型,存在2组以上断裂持续活动,控制着各级坡折带内沉积物的展布。自渤南低凸起南部向主洼区,共存在2组顺向断层控制形成的两级坡折带,自高部位向中低部位依次为第一坡折带和第二坡折带,坡折带内均可见地震异常反射存在。斜坡带坡度总体较缓,第一坡折坡度介于1.040~1.760,第二坡折坡度介于1.220~1.810(图8)。其中第一坡折带位于凸起区向沉积区过渡的区域(图910),坡折类型简单,以沉积坡折为主,局部发育小型的断裂坡折,但坡度小,延伸近。坡折之下地层加厚特征明显,控制了斜坡带中高部位砂体在坡脚沉积卸载以及相对富集,地震相主要为杂乱前积反射特征(图8a~c)。第二坡折带位于斜坡带中部,坡度有所变大,主要为断裂坡折,发育三组东西向—北东向展布的断裂,断裂之间以转换带形式连接,延伸范围广,次级断裂组成的坡折带控制了中低部位地层厚度变化以及扇体分异状况和内部展布样式(图10)。地震相主要为切线斜交型地震反射特征,向主洼区过渡为亚平行—平行反射特征(图8a~c)。因此,坡折带的类型和坡度决定了古地貌的发育情况,尤其坡折带中下部微地貌对优质砂体的分配和富集位置控制明显。
受构造差异沉降和局部地形制约,沉积区内古地貌形态与样式控制砂分散体系展布。根据古地貌形态,可分为限制性地貌与开阔性地貌。渤中凹陷东南部自低凸起进入斜坡区,由于两侧被基底潜山脊梁所分隔,形成“隆凹相间,带状分布”的古地貌格局(图10),发育条带状展布的限制性沟槽,可容纳空间大。限制性沟槽与物源区沟谷以及湖底扇匹配关系良好,并与湖底扇展布方向一致。其中古沟槽1、2、3和A扇对应,古沟槽4和B扇对应,古沟槽5和C扇对应。自南向北垂直物源方向的地震剖面显示,越靠近低凸起高部位,基底潜山脊梁或断层对古地貌的分隔性越强(图9a,b),到斜坡区中下部位,各自沉积中心受限于限制性沟槽内部,发育条带状展布的湖底扇(图9c),沉积体长宽比多大于2,其与三角洲沉积形成朵叶状或者扇形状区别较大。在顺物源方向的地震剖面表现为前端增厚特征(图9),地震反射结构表现为杂乱状反射,并与正常三角洲的地震反射结构(多为中—高连续性的斜交前积反射)和沉积序列上存在较大差异。揭示其沉积过程中水动力较强,在靠近前端部位沉积物卸载比例高,这与条带状分布限制性的可容纳空间关系密不可分。
水下重力流的形成需要充足的物源供给、合适的坡度和一定的触发机制(加东辉等,2010)。陆相湖盆由于构造—古地貌复杂、多物源多水系、坡折类型多样,湖平面频繁波动变化,不同的物源系统、构造部位、层序位置等均有显著的区别,造就不同成因机制的重力流沉积,并与物源系统、同沉积坡折带和湖平面变化的耦合关系密切。目前陆相湖盆重力流成因机制主要可以分为三种类型:(1)盆外水系(或凸起剥蚀)—陡坡断裂坡折带(斜坡带)控制形成的低位体系域近岸水下扇;(2)盆外水系—同沉积缓坡坡折带控制形成的低位体系域远岸水下扇;(3)大型进积三角洲—同沉积缓坡坡折带控制形成的高位体系域滑塌浊积扇(加东辉等,2010袁静等,2018)。重力流成因机制最大不同在于物源供给方式与物质来源。物源系统主要包括盆外大型水系、盆内凸起的暴露剥蚀以及三角洲等先期沉积物的后期改造等三种类型,它们的规模、易风化程度和与围区地形的高差影响着重力流的成因和空间分布(袁静等,2018蒋恕等,2022王启明等,2023)。而东二下沉积时期,渤南低凸起东段长期处于暴露剥蚀状态,并对东南方向的外源水系起到遮挡作用,以近源沉积为主。形成的碎屑物质在凸起边缘与斜坡过渡区,经由连接物源区的7条古沟谷以及沉积区的5条限制性古沟槽,与其前缘坡折带配置良好,在斜坡低部位受到多级坡折控制,由于某种触发机制的存在,发生滑塌形成A、B、C、D、E等5个叠合连片分布的大型近源湖底扇沉积(图10)。由于渤南低凸起东段物源供给充足,且搬运距离远,有利于形成富砂的优质储层。在源—沟—坡三者耦合作用下,形成了近物源供给、长距离搬运,坡折控制的大型湖底扇成因模式。这与辽中凹陷盆外水系远源湖底扇的形成机制存在差异(蒋恕等,2022王启明等,2023)。前人曾对埕北低凸起东北斜坡带东三段湖底扇发育机制进行深入研究(Guo et al.,2021),揭示近源、小面积物源剥蚀区、不发育供源三角洲(一般为浊流或滑塌)的背景下,亦可形成大规模湖底扇。这为研究区内近源成因的湖底扇提供了合理的解释。
在层序地层约束的基础上,从构造位置、发育形态、地震相特征综合分析,明确湖底扇沉积充填过程可分为三个阶段,并建立综合演化模式。
受早期古地形影响,一台阶之下发育3个限制性古地貌,可容纳空间大,受局部地形高分隔,整体呈中部厚向两侧减薄的趋势。刘海宁等(2022)胡光明等(2023)曾利用水槽模拟实验,在泥石流、阵发性洪水和牵引流等不同类型沉积作用交替变化的前提下,开展古地貌对扇体分布的控制。揭示高可容纳空间下扇体优先沉积卸载,并受两侧地形控制,分布范围限定,随着扇体逐步淤高,可容纳空间减小,在沉积物持续供给情况下,沉积物开始向两侧迁移并摆动。模拟实验证实,限制性古地貌引起水动力突变,水流受到阻挡和湖水面的顶托,流速迅速降低(刘海宁等,2022胡光明等,2023),使得粗碎屑在负向地貌中大量沉积,限制性古地貌对粗碎屑空间分布具有明显的控制作用。来自斜坡区的碎屑物质在坡折之下卸载,沉积在一级坡折与二级坡折之间,受先期地形与同沉积断裂活动组成的复合因素控制,斜坡古沟槽形成的狭长条带形沉积空间限制了沉积体向两侧自由展布,沉积物搬运方向前方发育的同沉积断裂形成一定阻挡作用,共同将沉积体围限在沟槽内部,优先在限制性古地貌内沉降聚集,自西向东分别形成A、B、C三个扇体,由于水动力强,发育多期复合水道叠置。在局部地区,可以看到地震相内部表现为丘状、杂乱或强振幅连续充填特征,并具有明显的下切特征(图11a),对地形的底部进行冲刷和侵蚀,顶部具有顶凸的特征,表现为复合水道的特征,不同期次复合水道之间切割明显。由于缺少钻井与岩心资料,根据重力流搬运机制与形成特点(加东辉等,2010),推测该沉积体以滑塌到砂质碎屑流为主,使充填在局限地形内的扇体含砂率提高,主要取决于两个因素:一方面,由于更靠近物源供给方向,物源供给充足、能量强,在遇到地形突然变化时沉积物卸载速率更快,表现为快速块状充填特征;另外,限制性古地貌在一定程度上加剧沉积物在垂向上的堆积特征,表现出厚层多期叠置的特征。
随着早期重力流砂体持续堆积卸载,局限地形被填平,由于可容纳空间的减小,中期进入的砂体受到低可容纳空间制约,伴随着相对湖平面的下降,重力流沉积物不断向湖盆深处推进,粗粒沉积物优先在局限地形卸载,细粒沉积物通过局限地形下端溢出点的逃逸通道溢出,在二台阶就近的开阔地带的空间内卸载沉积形成D、E扇,并在下部局限地形中沉积新的沉积体。充填的砂体由补给水道溢出流体浓度不断稀释,密度差减小,内部分异明显,产生滑水效应(袁静等,2018),因此地震相特征由杂乱反射向中强振幅连续反射转换。沉积体最前端变宽,具有似涌浪的特性,沉积机制以浊流沉积为主,内部水道不发育(图11b)。由于处于开阔深水区,具有缓慢沉降沉积特征,沉积范围往往较广泛,以朵叶形式展布,多表现为砂泥薄互层沉积特征。末端朵叶沉积于深水重力流体系的最前端,为非限制或限制不明显的地形条件,因而朵叶平面分布范围往往受限于斜坡盆地的大小(胡孝林等,2014吴高奎等,2023)。D、E扇体朵叶面积分别为144.5 km2与185.5 km2。由于沉积于开阔地形,只受控于湖平面升降影响下的沉积物供给量及供给速率,因而能够形成较大平面分布范围。同时,开阔体系条件下,朵叶单次沉积厚度一般较薄,加之二次重力流流体之间沉积的薄层泥岩,表现出砂泥薄互层沉积特征。
早期局限地形的沉积位置由沉积充填作用逐步过渡到过路—侵蚀作用,晚期形成的沉积物可以侵蚀先期沉积的A、B、C扇体,在顶部往往可以见到水道侵蚀。地震上表现为V型下切特征,顶部连续强振幅被侵蚀形成断续反射。同时,由于水道切割早期扇体,水道两侧可能以泥质细粒沉积为主,这将会减弱扇体内部的砂体横向连通性。侵蚀过路作用带走的先期砂体部分或继续在下部深水盆地中沉积,形成新的砂体。由于水动力能量弱,分布范围局限,水道宽度较窄,延伸范围短,多以泥质为主,但有利于油气的侧向封堵(图11c)。
东二下时期湖底扇沉积演化具有早期限制充填—中期满溢调整—晚期侵蚀改造三个演化阶段。沉积早期,来自斜坡高部位的沉积物经过长距离搬运进入斜坡中低部位,重力作用驱动下在一台阶的限制性可容纳空间发生卸载。由于物源充足,能量强,整体呈现块状快速堆积的特点,进而形成了相对独立的A、B、C扇体,重力流沉积机制主要为滑塌—砂质碎屑流。沉积中期,B、C扇体对应的池状可容纳空间达到饱和,沉积物通过逃逸通道溢出,在二台阶就近的开阔空间内卸载沉积,形成D扇体,沉积物的逃逸具有幕式的特点,在D扇地震剖面具有明显的前积特征。最后D扇和A扇的池状空间达到饱和,再对E扇进行供源,重力流沉积机制可能为浊流沉积。沉积晚期,形成的泥质水道分布范围和规模均较小,并具有侧向封堵作用。各阶段沉积物充填特征各有差异,其中初始充填是扇体发育的主要时期,溢出及后期侵蚀阶段对早期的扇体具有侵蚀和改造作用,多期充填—溢出过程使末端朵叶在深水湖盆分布广泛(图12)。其演化具有微盆串联、接力沉积、盆满外溢、以扇为源的沉积演化特征。在这个过程中,由于粗粒沉积物更容易在底部卸载,而细粒沉积物会优先溢出,只有高级次的微盆达到过饱和粗粒物质才会越过溢出点在下一个池状空间沉积,所以在一个串联通道上会表现出富砂性由高向低逐渐减弱的差异沉积现象。这与尼日尔三角洲盆地水道与朵叶演化过程较为相似(胡孝林等,2014),扇体发育特征及分布位置受局限地形的控制,呈现复杂的“充填—溢出”过程。其中,过路朵叶受限于限制性古地形,表现为快速充填的块状沉积特征,以水道为主,储层物性较好,类似于一台阶的A、B、C三个扇体;末端朵叶沉积于深水扇体系的最前端,为非限制或限制不明显的开阔湖盆深水区,表现为砂泥薄互层沉积特征,分布范围广,但储层物性较差,类似于研究区内的D、E两个扇体。特有的限制性古地貌对多期的重力流充填—溢出过程的影响深刻,控制多期扇体时空演化的发育规律。但整个演化过程中,相对湖平面变化因素需要考虑。当湖平面持续降低,而沉积物供给较为充足,重力流才能完成多期充填—溢出的沉积过程,进而控制扇体在垂向上和平面上的发育特征。总体而言,受控于物源供给与古地貌特征,在多期的充填—溢出—侵蚀过程下,一台阶的A、B、C三个扇体富砂性优于二台阶的D、E扇体,且埋藏更浅,储层物性更优越。
近年来渤海油田在古近系东营组屡获突破,其中湖底扇是主要的勘探领域。例如,在辽中凹陷西斜坡东三段湖底扇斩获旅大10-6中型油田(马正武等,2022王启明等,2023),在环渤中也揭示了渤中21-2、秦皇岛34-7等含油气构造(张新涛等,2021),砂体成因类型均为湖底扇,油气层厚度大,储量丰度高。因此,中深层湖底扇岩性勘探潜力较大。研究区东二下段发育大型湖底扇沉积,其分布受近物源影响,在古沟谷和限制性古地貌控制下形成。一台阶A、B、C等3个扇体受局限地形控制,具有较好的富砂条件。同时,区内沙河街组及东营组早期存在大量优质烃源岩(姜雪等,2019),且储—盖组合良好,形成下生上储型储盖组合,湖底扇岩性储集体处于油气优势运移通道上,生—排烃期与断层活动期相匹配,且有异常高压作为成藏动力。具体来看,C扇体的深层与蓬莱7-6油田深层的构造脊相接触(图1),有利于油气汇聚,在深层超压的驱动下,汇聚的油气通过切脊且晚期活动性较强的油源断裂向目标扇体充注成藏,同时东营组油气也能向目标扇体进行近源充注,总体运聚条件较为优越。水道内部由于水动力强,岩性多以中粗砂岩为主,局部可含砾,深埋条件下抗压实作用比较强,有利于形成优质储层。对环渤中凹陷钻井实测物性统计表明,渤中凹陷深层储层总体低孔低渗,孔隙度主体介于5%~10%,渗透率介于(0.1~10)×10-3 μm2。围区相邻的渤中21构造(龚承林等,2023),东二下亚段湖底扇为浅灰色细—粗砂岩,储层厚16.9~194.0 m,孔隙度介于10.9%~14.8%,油/气层厚度介于9~107.4 m。BZ21-2-1井4 300~4 400 m孔渗较好,实测孔隙度20%以上、核磁渗透率平均为1.56×10-3 μm2。埕北低凸起与研究区湖底扇同为近源沉积,分选中等、磨圆为次棱角—次圆状,并且储层物性良好。以CB323井为例,在3 820 m处钻遇湖底扇水道微相,孔隙度介于15%~20%,渗透率主要介于(10~100)×10-3 μm2 Guo et al.,2021)。研究区湖底扇扇体内部亦发育复合水道,由于水动力强,根据相同层位与埋深类比分析,推测其粒度粗,泥质含量低,是优质储层发育的优势区。以C扇体为例,根据刻画的富砂区和伪熵地震属性综合识别(图13a,b),可以看出C扇是由三个朵体组成,自西向东分别为C-1、C-2、C-3。其中C-1规模较小,C-2、C-3相对较大,朵体核部有明显的强水道化特征,横向和垂向上相互叠置。而边缘部位,厚度和规模均较小,表现为弱水道化特征(图13c)。最终共刻画C扇发育的有利甜点区共43.7 km2,勘探潜力较大。
(1) 东二层序处于断陷转换阶段,可划分为三个三级层序,其中,东二下发育1个三级层序,目标区异常沉积体位于东二下层序的高位域,主要为重力流成因的湖底扇,而非牵引流形成的三角洲沉积。
(2) 东二下时期渤南低凸起东段剥蚀通量大于湖底扇的沉积通量。大型湖底扇主要受渤南低凸起供源,形成的碎屑物质沿着7条古沟谷和5个限制性古沟槽等搬运通道,在斜坡沉积坡折之下卸载。近物源供给、搬运通道、沉积坡折三者耦合形成了大型连片分布的湖底扇沉积。
(3) 湖底扇沉积充填受控于限制性古地貌发育位置与可容纳空间大小。总体具有微盆串联、接力沉积、盆满外溢、以扇为源的沉积演化特征。大型湖底扇具有早期限制性充填、中期溢流调整和晚期侵蚀改造的时空分布和演化规律,构成了横向连片和垂向多期叠加的发育特征。
(4) 一台阶之下的A、B、C三个扇体富砂性较好,埋藏浅。其中,C扇体具有良好的油气运移与聚集条件,且储盖组合优良,是近年来渤海岩性油藏勘探的重要目标。
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2026年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.004
  • 接收时间:2023-11-16
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-16
  • 修回日期:2024-01-03
  • 录用日期:2024-03-15
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Key Fund Project of CNOOC, No. CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM 36 TJ 08 TJ
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    中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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