Article(id=1307264400226803946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264251366765238, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1704902400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-11, revisedDate=1721404800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-20, acceptedDate=1725897600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-10, onlineDate=1789605720811, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605720811, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605720811, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605720811, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264251366765238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='405', pageEnd='798', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605685321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605685321, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=770, endPage=784, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264400440713451, articleId=1307264400226803946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Astronomical Cyclonic Constraints in Carboniferous-Permian Organic Matter Enrichment in North China, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Climate change caused by astronomical orbital parameters is closely related to biological turnover and sedimentary evolution of the ocean and lakes, which in turn affects the organic matter enrichment in the strata. The Late Paleozoic coal-bearing rock system in North China is dominated by coal, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and tuff observed in a number of depositional cycles in the vertical direction. It is also an important system for current oil and gas exploration and development. The aim of this study is to systematically reveal the influence of the astronomical orbital cycle on organic matter enrichment in this coal-bearing system. Methods Natural gamma logging sequences were obtained for four wells (sampling distance 0.05 m) and continuous mineral elements for one well (sampling distance 1 m) in western North China. Astronomical cyclotron time series data and elemental geochemical analysis of typical samples were used to clarify the pattern of organic matter enrichment in stratigraphic cyclotrons at different scales. Results (1) Six 1.2 Myr ultra-long obliquity cycles and eighteen 405 kyr long eccentricity cycles are recognizable in the Carboniferous-Permian Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation. (2) Using Mg/Ca, SiO2/Al2O3, Fe/Mn and V/(V+Ni) ratios as paleoclimate and paleoredox proxies, six long-period variations and 18 medium-period variations were identified, all corresponding with ultra-long obliquities and long eccentricities. (3) Comparative analyses of paleoenvironmental restoration and organic carbon content during the depositional period of the Benxi Formation-Shanxi Formation show that paleoclimate evolution and organic matter enrichment are basically synchronized and controlled by the astronomical orbital cycle, and that during periods of increasing ultra-long obliquity or long eccentricity the climate is warm and humid and the reducing nature of bodies of water is enhanced, which promotes organic matter enrichment. Conclusions The above results reveal Carboniferous-Permian climate change in North China influenced by the astronomical orbital cycle and the development of a constrained organic matter-rich sedimentary system, and find that the paleoclimate change during the same period was obviously constrained by the long eccentricity. The findings can be used as a reference for the study of global climate evolution and organic matter enrichment mechanism in the Permian.

, authors=YiLe ZHANG1, Yong LI1, SongQi PAN2, ZhengFu ZHAO2, 3, ZhenHua JING2, XueTian WANG1, authorsList=YiLe ZHANG, Yong LI, SongQi PAN, ZhengFu ZHAO, ZhenHua JING, XueTian WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264404534354176, articleId=1307264400226803946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=华北石炭系—二叠系有机质富集的天文旋回约束, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 天文轨道参数引起的气候变化与海洋、湖泊的沉积演化及生物更替关系密切,进而影响地层中有机质富集。华北晚古生代含煤岩系发育煤、泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩和灰岩等组成的多个沉积旋回,是当前油气勘探开发的重要层系。本次研究通过天文旋回的沉积响应,探究华北晚古生代古气候及有机质富集特征,并系统揭示该套含煤岩系中有机质富集的天文轨道周期控制机制。 方法 基于华北西部4口井自然伽马测井序列(采样间距0.05 m)和1口井连续矿物元素测试结果(采样间距1 m),结合天文旋回时间序列和典型样品元素地球化学分析,明确了有机质在不同尺度地层旋回中的富集规律。 结果 (1)石炭系—二叠系本溪组、太原组和山西组中可识别出6个1.2 Myr超长斜率旋回和18个405 kyr长偏心率旋回;(2)采用Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3、Fe/Mn和V/(V+Ni)作为古气候及古氧化还原替代指标,识别出6次长周期变化以及18次中周期变化,与超长斜率和长偏心率保持对应关系;(3)本溪组—山西组沉积期古环境指标与有机碳含量对比结果显示,古气候演化与有机质富集基本同步,均受控于天文轨道周期,在超长斜率增大或长偏心率增大时期,气候温暖湿润,水体还原性增强,促进有机质富集。 结论 研究揭示了天文轨道周期调控下的华北石炭纪—二叠纪气候变化及其约束下的富有机质层系发育规律,发现同期古气候变化明显受长偏心率约束,相关认识可为二叠纪全球气候演化及有机质富集机制研究提供借鉴。

, authors=张怡乐1, 李勇1, 潘松圻2, 赵正福2, 3, 荆振华2, 王学天1, authorsList=张怡乐, 李勇, 潘松圻, 赵正福, 荆振华, 王学天, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李勇, authorNote=

张怡乐,女,1999年出生,硕士,工程师,旋回地层学,E-mail:

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李勇,男,教授,博导,E-mail:
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张怡乐,女,1999年出生,硕士,工程师,旋回地层学,E-mail:

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张怡乐,女,1999年出生,硕士,工程师,旋回地层学,E-mail:

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Nature Communications, 13(1): 1990., articleTitle=Synchronizing rock clocks in the late Cambrian, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307264664501506053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, awardId=2021DQ02-1003, language=EN, fundingSource=CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(2021DQ02-1003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307264664627335174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, awardId=2021DQ02-1003, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石油科技创新基金项目(2021DQ02-1003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307264656662352828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656674935741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656662352828, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656683324350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656662352828, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307264656746238911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656758821824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656746238911, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656771404737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656746238911, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307264656842707906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656851096515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656842707906, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264656859485124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, companyId=1307264656842707906, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307264660965708782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Geological background of the study area

(a) location of the North China Craton (spot on pentagram); (b) location of the Ordos Basin; (c) lithological log and GR profile of well L-152

, figureFileSmall=NWprcYEQQuBBuTGRskIOXw==, figureFileBig=dqWHd72jiRyK4UPptUoYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661037011951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区地质背景

(a)研究区在华北克拉通位置(五角星处)(b)采样井在鄂尔多斯盆地位置;(c)L⁃152井地层综合柱状图

, figureFileSmall=NWprcYEQQuBBuTGRskIOXw==, figureFileBig=dqWHd72jiRyK4UPptUoYCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661137675248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=MTM spectrum and FFT evolution spectrum of GR data from Benxi Formation for typical wells in western North China, figureFileSmall=V0iIxnDjE4az24XvS73U5g==, figureFileBig=F+AnnVnTNOxWqDxmu50CNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661225755633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图2, caption=华北西部典型井本溪组GR数据MTM频谱分析与FFT演化频谱分析结果, figureFileSmall=V0iIxnDjE4az24XvS73U5g==, figureFileBig=F+AnnVnTNOxWqDxmu50CNw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661313836018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=MTM spectrum and FFT evolution spectrum of GR data from Taiyuan Formation for typical wells in western North China, figureFileSmall=gnhJQFFQbz9QciGc3HHR0A==, figureFileBig=8TT8MiTiv84jmG3Ffm7OMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661380944883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图3, caption=华北西部典型井太原组GR数据MTM频谱分析与FFT演化频谱分析结果, figureFileSmall=gnhJQFFQbz9QciGc3HHR0A==, figureFileBig=8TT8MiTiv84jmG3Ffm7OMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661448053748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=MTM spectrum and FFT evolution spectrum of GR data from Shanxi Formation for typical wells in western North China, figureFileSmall=Vids9Go+d35FaVeRHsFKhQ==, figureFileBig=YyrcHe9i+J9F+mjQWszEnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661527745525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图4, caption=华北西部典型井山西组GR数据MTM频谱分析与FFT演化频谱分析结果, figureFileSmall=Vids9Go+d35FaVeRHsFKhQ==, figureFileBig=YyrcHe9i+J9F+mjQWszEnw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661611631606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sedimentation rate analysis of Benxi Formation⁃Shanxi Formation, figureFileSmall=gtAVF07ogd58dLioMoQD1Q==, figureFileBig=ImLkKc7sUPlsHqapuw0E1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661695517687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图5, caption=本溪组—山西组沉积速率分析, figureFileSmall=gtAVF07ogd58dLioMoQD1Q==, figureFileBig=ImLkKc7sUPlsHqapuw0E1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661787792376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Late Carboniferous⁃Early Permian cyclostratigraphic framework, figureFileSmall=/zl8ywkyBd3uMpUTyOsSGA==, figureFileBig=ptA4ecm7Gwbb7WlZ67mIRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661863289849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图6, caption=晚石炭世—早二叠世旋回地层格架, figureFileSmall=/zl8ywkyBd3uMpUTyOsSGA==, figureFileBig=ptA4ecm7Gwbb7WlZ67mIRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264661926204410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=GR sequence of well L⁃152

(a) 43 kyr period amplitude modulation and envelope analysis; (b) Benxi Formation frequency analysis; (c) Taiyuan Formation frequency analysis; (d) Shanxi Formation frequency analysis

, figureFileSmall=oa7YB10hXt4USmqLX0U9jg==, figureFileBig=xjQCLSU8mhwN0m+Y4+SoQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264662014284795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图7, caption=L⁃152井GR序列

(a)43 kyr周期调幅与包络线分析;(b)本溪组频谱分析;(c)太原组频谱分析;(d)山西组频谱分析

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(a) silty sandy mudstone, with a few organic matter bands, Benxi Formation, 1 890.87 m; (b) silty sandy mudstone, with a few organic matter fragments, Benxi Formation, 1 887.32 m; (c) rhodochrosite-bearing mudstone, with rhodochrosite in a spheroidal granular distribution, Benxi Formation, 1 868.67 m; (d) mudstone, with organic matter in a banded distribution, Benxi Formation, 1 865.96 m; (e) mudstone with local spherical pyrite-filled pores, Taiyuan Formation, 1 805.55 m; (f) pyrite-bearing siltstone with a few organic matter fragments, Taiyuan Formation, 1 804.65 m; (g) mud-bearing pyrite-bearing siltstone, with a few sporadic organic matter fragments, Taiyuan Formation, 1 761.45 m; (h) rhodochrosite-bearing mudstone, with rhodochrosite in a agglutinated state, Taiyuan Formation, 1 756.80 m; (i) silty mudstone, mainly with a few organic matter bands slightly oriented, Shanxi Formation, 1 726.07 m; (j) pyrite-bearing mudstone, with pyrite spherulitic distribution, Shanxi Formation, 1 868.67 m; (k) mudstone, with pyrite agglomerates sporadically distributed, Shanxi Formation, 1 687.95 m; (l) muddy siltstone, with a few organic matter clastic bands, Shanxi Formation, 1 686.75 m

, figureFileSmall=lxzkV9tZLoTAgIgIEsLdRQ==, figureFileBig=6VEaEPAJgvATk7TCCR7S+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264662286914559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图9, caption=L⁃152井本溪组—山西组岩石薄片照片

(a)粉砂质泥岩,见少量有机质条带,本溪组,1 890.87 m;(b)粉砂质泥岩,见少量有机质碎片,本溪组,1 887.32 m;(c)含菱铁矿泥岩,菱铁矿呈球粒状分布,本溪组,1 868.67 m;(d)泥岩、有机质呈带状分布,本溪组,1 865.96 m;(e)泥岩,局部见球粒状黄铁矿充填孔隙,太原组,1 805.55 m;(f)含黄铁矿粉砂质泥岩,见少量有机质碎片,太原组,1 804.65 m;(g)含泥菱铁矿质粉砂岩,少量有机质零星分布,太原组,1 761.45 m;(h)含菱铁矿泥岩,菱铁矿呈凝块状分布,太原组,1 756.80 m;(i)粉砂质泥岩,主见少量有机质条带略定向分布,山西组,1 726.07 m;(j)含黄铁矿泥岩,黄铁矿呈球粒状分布,山西组,1 868.67 m;(k)泥岩,黄铁矿呈团块状零星分布,山西组,1 687.95 m;(l)泥质粉砂岩,见少量有机质碎屑条带,山西组,1 686.75 m

, figureFileSmall=lxzkV9tZLoTAgIgIEsLdRQ==, figureFileBig=6VEaEPAJgvATk7TCCR7S+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264662362412032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Carboniferous⁃Permian organic matter enrichment patterns in North China constrained by astronomical cycles

(a) maximum value periods of eccentricity and ultra-long obliquity; (b) minimum value periods of eccentricity and ultra-long obliquity

, figureFileSmall=OE06YCLrWOgQTIS++pBhKw==, figureFileBig=FG7PNvS9E9P4Oz+Vc4fM/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264662421131264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=图10, caption=天文旋回约束的华北石炭系—二叠系有机质富集模式

(a)偏心率和超长斜率极大值时期;(b)偏心率和超长斜率极小值时期

, figureFileSmall=OE06YCLrWOgQTIS++pBhKw==, figureFileBig=FG7PNvS9E9P4Oz+Vc4fM/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264662492434433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Carboniferous⁃Permian astronomical parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/Ma长偏心率/kyr短偏心率/kyr斜率周期/kyr岁差周期/kyr来源
270405125,9536.0,44.317.8,20.8

Waltham,2015

298405125,9535.5,42.917.7,20.6
300405125,9535.5,42.817.7,20.6
~290~274405132,9832.418.9,16.8Fang et al.,2022
~305~296405100~128,88~9530~4624,17Tang et al.,2022
~295.65~290405100~12341~46梁岳立等,2023
), ArticleFig(id=1307264662559543298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石炭系—二叠系天文周期参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/Ma长偏心率/kyr短偏心率/kyr斜率周期/kyr岁差周期/kyr来源
270405125,9536.0,44.317.8,20.8

Waltham,2015

298405125,9535.5,42.917.7,20.6
300405125,9535.5,42.817.7,20.6
~290~274405132,9832.418.9,16.8Fang et al.,2022
~305~296405100~128,88~9530~4624,17Tang et al.,2022
~295.65~290405100~12341~46梁岳立等,2023
), ArticleFig(id=1307264662664400899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Optimum and average sedimentation rate comparison of Benxi Formation⁃Shanxi Formation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号本溪组太原组山西组
最佳沉积速率/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

最佳沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

最佳沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

L-132.82.92.1~5.95.21.9~5.3
L-221.62.82.0~5.75.32.5~6.8
L-252.22.31.0~2.84.93.3~8.9
L-1522.83.22.5~7.14.21.5~4.3
), ArticleFig(id=1307264662752481284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264400226803946, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本溪组—山西组最佳沉积速率与平均沉积速率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号本溪组太原组山西组
最佳沉积速率/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

最佳沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

最佳沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

平均沉积速率

/(cm/kyr)

L-132.82.92.1~5.95.21.9~5.3
L-221.62.82.0~5.75.32.5~6.8
L-252.22.31.0~2.84.93.3~8.9
L-1522.83.22.5~7.14.21.5~4.3
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华北石炭系—二叠系有机质富集的天文旋回约束
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张怡乐 1 , 李勇 1 , 潘松圻 2 , 赵正福 2, 3 , 荆振华 2 , 王学天 1
沉积学报 | 2026,44(2): 770-784
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (2) : 770 -784
华北石炭系—二叠系有机质富集的天文旋回约束
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张怡乐1 , 李勇1 , 潘松圻2, 赵正福2, 3, 荆振华2, 王学天1
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
  • 2.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 3.北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871
通讯作者:
李勇,男,教授,博导,E-mail:
作者简介:

张怡乐,女,1999年出生,硕士,工程师,旋回地层学,E-mail:

Astronomical Cyclonic Constraints in Carboniferous-Permian Organic Matter Enrichment in North China
YiLe ZHANG1 , Yong LI1 , SongQi PAN2, ZhengFu ZHAO2, 3, ZhenHua JING2, XueTian WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  • 2.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3.School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.084
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目的 天文轨道参数引起的气候变化与海洋、湖泊的沉积演化及生物更替关系密切,进而影响地层中有机质富集。华北晚古生代含煤岩系发育煤、泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩和灰岩等组成的多个沉积旋回,是当前油气勘探开发的重要层系。本次研究通过天文旋回的沉积响应,探究华北晚古生代古气候及有机质富集特征,并系统揭示该套含煤岩系中有机质富集的天文轨道周期控制机制。 方法 基于华北西部4口井自然伽马测井序列(采样间距0.05 m)和1口井连续矿物元素测试结果(采样间距1 m),结合天文旋回时间序列和典型样品元素地球化学分析,明确了有机质在不同尺度地层旋回中的富集规律。 结果 (1)石炭系—二叠系本溪组、太原组和山西组中可识别出6个1.2 Myr超长斜率旋回和18个405 kyr长偏心率旋回;(2)采用Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3、Fe/Mn和V/(V+Ni)作为古气候及古氧化还原替代指标,识别出6次长周期变化以及18次中周期变化,与超长斜率和长偏心率保持对应关系;(3)本溪组—山西组沉积期古环境指标与有机碳含量对比结果显示,古气候演化与有机质富集基本同步,均受控于天文轨道周期,在超长斜率增大或长偏心率增大时期,气候温暖湿润,水体还原性增强,促进有机质富集。 结论 研究揭示了天文轨道周期调控下的华北石炭纪—二叠纪气候变化及其约束下的富有机质层系发育规律,发现同期古气候变化明显受长偏心率约束,相关认识可为二叠纪全球气候演化及有机质富集机制研究提供借鉴。

天文旋回  /  古环境  /  旋回地层学  /  富有机质层系  /  海陆过渡相页岩

Objective Climate change caused by astronomical orbital parameters is closely related to biological turnover and sedimentary evolution of the ocean and lakes, which in turn affects the organic matter enrichment in the strata. The Late Paleozoic coal-bearing rock system in North China is dominated by coal, mudstone, siltstone, sandstone and tuff observed in a number of depositional cycles in the vertical direction. It is also an important system for current oil and gas exploration and development. The aim of this study is to systematically reveal the influence of the astronomical orbital cycle on organic matter enrichment in this coal-bearing system. Methods Natural gamma logging sequences were obtained for four wells (sampling distance 0.05 m) and continuous mineral elements for one well (sampling distance 1 m) in western North China. Astronomical cyclotron time series data and elemental geochemical analysis of typical samples were used to clarify the pattern of organic matter enrichment in stratigraphic cyclotrons at different scales. Results (1) Six 1.2 Myr ultra-long obliquity cycles and eighteen 405 kyr long eccentricity cycles are recognizable in the Carboniferous-Permian Benxi Formation, Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation. (2) Using Mg/Ca, SiO2/Al2O3, Fe/Mn and V/(V+Ni) ratios as paleoclimate and paleoredox proxies, six long-period variations and 18 medium-period variations were identified, all corresponding with ultra-long obliquities and long eccentricities. (3) Comparative analyses of paleoenvironmental restoration and organic carbon content during the depositional period of the Benxi Formation-Shanxi Formation show that paleoclimate evolution and organic matter enrichment are basically synchronized and controlled by the astronomical orbital cycle, and that during periods of increasing ultra-long obliquity or long eccentricity the climate is warm and humid and the reducing nature of bodies of water is enhanced, which promotes organic matter enrichment. Conclusions The above results reveal Carboniferous-Permian climate change in North China influenced by the astronomical orbital cycle and the development of a constrained organic matter-rich sedimentary system, and find that the paleoclimate change during the same period was obviously constrained by the long eccentricity. The findings can be used as a reference for the study of global climate evolution and organic matter enrichment mechanism in the Permian.

astronomical cycles  /  paleo-sedimentary environment  /  cyclostratigraphy  /  organic matter-rich sedimentary system  /  transitional facies shale
张怡乐, 李勇, 潘松圻, 赵正福, 荆振华, 王学天. 华北石炭系—二叠系有机质富集的天文旋回约束. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (2) : 770 -784 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.084
YiLe ZHANG, Yong LI, SongQi PAN, ZhengFu ZHAO, ZhenHua JING, XueTian WANG. Astronomical Cyclonic Constraints in Carboniferous-Permian Organic Matter Enrichment in North China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (2) : 770 -784 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.084
石炭纪—二叠纪是地质历史关键时期,发生了一系列全球性重大环境和生物演化事件,晚古生代大冰期一直持续到早二叠世萨克马尔期中期,冰川作用导致海平面周期性升降,全球碳循环也出现了多次显著波动(沈树忠等,2019Yang et al.,2020)。华北板块在石炭纪—二叠纪出现由海相向陆相沉积过渡的重大转变,本溪组、太原组和山西组富有机质含煤层系广泛发育(Zhao et al.,2018),地层连续且在整个华北克拉通相对稳定(申博恒等,2021)。这套层系形成于冲积平原、三角洲、潮坪、潟湖、障壁岛及碳酸盐台地等环境,发育煤、碳质泥岩和暗色泥岩等多类型富有机质沉积岩,同时发育砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩等碎屑岩,生物碎屑灰岩等碳酸盐岩和火山碎屑岩(李勇等,2022Shen et al.,2022)。周期性的海侵海退导致富有机质沉积岩与碎屑岩和灰岩频繁互层,形成多层次“源—储—盖”组合,是当前国内煤层气、致密砂岩气、铝土岩天然气和过渡相页岩气勘探开发的重点层系(李勇等,2022)。有机质是油气生成的前提,沉积岩中有机质富集受古水深、古气候、古盐度、古生产力和古氧化还原条件等控制,这些环境因素受天文轨道参数变化影响(Wu et al.,2012)。华北克拉通晚石炭世—早二叠世富有机质层系已有丰富的沉积学研究基础(Liu,1990邵龙义等,2014李勇等,2023),但是其有机质富集是否受全球气候周期性变化影响仍未得到系统揭示。
基于Milankovitch(1941)提出的天文轨道参数,Hays et al.(1976)建立了45万年以来高精度的天文年代学框架,探讨了气候变化与地球轨道参数之间的关系。地层中记录的高分辨率古环境和古气候信息可被用于识别Milankovitch旋回周期,推动旋回地层学和天文年代学快速发展,为相对连续的细粒沉积高精度地层划分与对比提供了依据(Hays et al.,1976Laskar et al.,20042011吴怀春等,2011黄春菊,2014孙善勇等,2017石巨业等,2019Zhao et al.,2022)。有机质保存条件的波动受偏心率周期调制作用显著,轨道周期通过非线性气候效应影响页岩有机质差异富集(Chu et al.,2020Storm et al.,2020Lin et al.,2023),促进了对富有机质层系分布和有机质富集规律的认识。旋回地层学在新生代和中生代的海相地层均已开展大量工作,根据识别出的Milankovitch旋回建立了相应地层的天文年代标尺(龚一鸣等,2008),同时在陆相地层中也取得诸多进展(龚一鸣等,2008Wu et al.,2014)。近年来,古生代地层的天文年代学标定取得诸多成果(Wu et al.,2013吴怀春等,2017Zhao et al.,2022),然而针对古生代陆相和海陆过渡相含煤层系的旋回地层学研究仍较为匮乏,关于天文轨道周期对其中富有机质层发育控制机理的探讨更是鲜有报道。
本研究针对华北晚古生代富有机质沉积岩系开展研究,基于L-13、L-22、L-25及L-152四口井的自然伽马(GR)测井数据(0.05 m间隔)开展旋回地层学分析,同时结合L-152井连续矿物元素含量(1 m间隔)、典型岩心样品薄片以及有机碳含量测试数据,通过旋回地层学方法建立高分辨率天文旋回地层格架,开展海陆过渡相和陆相地层沉积旋回的横向对比,揭示天文旋回地层格架下的有机质富集规律,以期为海陆过渡相和陆相富有机质层系优选提供理论支撑。
鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北克拉通西部,是经历了多期构造活动的多旋回叠合盆地(何登发等,2004张福礼,2004Hinnov,2013张瑞等,2023)。自奥陶纪晚期加里东造山运动导致华北克拉通抬升为陆地之后(张元动等,2019),经历了约150 Ma的沉积间断和风化剥蚀,直至石炭纪中期才再次发生大规模海侵并接受沉积(李江海等,2014)。晚石炭世—早二叠世是整个华北克拉通重要的成煤期和烃源岩发育期(邵龙义等,2014),发生多次快速海侵事件,盆地范围内海平面周期性升降。在本溪组、太原组和山西组发育由碳酸盐台地、障壁海岸、三角洲、河流冲积平原和滨浅湖沉积体系组成的多期沉积旋回(申博恒等,2021),记录了晚古生代古特提斯洋北部的气候转变和陆地生态系统演化(Huang et al.,2018)。晚石炭世期间,华北板块位于赤道附近,气候温暖湿润(李江海等,2014Song et al.,2023翟咏荷等,2023),广泛发育泥炭沼泽,早二叠世华北克拉通构造活动较为稳定,北部受古亚洲洋俯冲而挤压隆升,海水向南快速退出,陆表海逐渐沉积并过渡为三角洲—湖泊沉积体系(Liu,2020)。此时,华北板块逐渐北移,进入了北半球气候干旱带(Huang et al.,2018),古亚洲洋在二叠纪逐步闭合,发育陆相湖泊沉积。中亚造山带的隆起对华北克拉通盆地古地貌、古气候和沉积环境产生了重大影响(Liu,1990Huang et al.,2018翟咏荷等,2023),适宜成煤的温暖湿润的滨海沉积环境转为干旱的陆相河流湖泊环境(Liu,1990张泓等,1999)。
前人通过火山灰锆石年龄和碎屑锆石年龄对华北板块岩石地层单位进行了年代约束(Liu,2020Song et al.,2023)。华北石炭系—二叠系界线位于太原组中下部(Wu et al.,2021),下石盒子组、上石盒子组属于乌拉尔统,其中下石盒子组沉积于阿瑟尔期晚期,上石盒子组沉积于阿瑟尔期晚期至空谷期早期(图1),研究区基本缺失乌拉尔统上部和瓜德鲁普统沉积(申博恒等,2022)。
样品采集自鄂尔多斯盆地东缘石炭系—二叠系的本溪组—山西组,包括L-152、L-25、L-22和L-13四口井0.05 m间隔的GR测井数据,L-152井1 m间隔采样的岩屑X射线荧光(XRF)元素数据,42个岩心样品的TOC和薄片测试数据。由于本溪组底部为遭受风化淋滤严重的铁铝岩段,故本溪组旋回地层分析只包含了铝土岩上部地层。
本文基于GR测井数据识别沉积地层中的天文周期信号,开展旋回地层学分析。GR测井数据采集密度高,相对其他古环境替代指标具有较高信噪比优势(Weedon,2003Yang et al.,2014)。使用Acycle 2.4.1软件对四口井GR测井数据进行旋回地层分析,石炭纪—二叠纪理论长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差周期参数见表1。本文分3个地层序列运用Acycle软件Lowess方法(Li et al.,2019a)去除GR测井序列中60%的长周期趋势,接着采用Robust AR(1)、Multi-taper method(MTM)以及快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier transform,FFT)方法进行频谱分析。MTM使用2π-MTM,以5倍的长度进行补零,将频率最大值设置为0.8 cycle/m,FFT滑动窗口分别设置为目标地层最长旋回的1.5倍。同时采用相关系数方法(COCO)进行沉积速率的评估,对四口井的本溪组—山西组自然伽马数据进行零假设显著性检验(马醒华等,1993),COCO分析中采用Pearson方法,将沉积速率范围设置为0~15 cm/kyr,蒙特卡罗迭代次数设置为5 000次,移除红噪音模型。COCO法可用于估计天文解与GR序列功率谱在深度域中的相关系数,最合理假设的沉积速率对应于最大相关系数(Li et al.,2019a)。通过COCO法得到最佳平均沉积速率,进而结合频谱分析方法确定天文周期的可靠性。
结合锆石年代约束、MTM能谱分析和相关系数分析获得的沉积速率,可以进一步验证沉积作用是否受天文轨道参数调控(Berger et al.,1992Li et al.,2018吴怀春和房强,2020)。天文轨道参数的周期性变化体现了天文轨道的周期性变动,包括岁差、地轴斜率和偏心率(吴怀春等,2011)。石炭纪和二叠纪的理论地球轨道参数长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差的比值大致为23.3∶5.46∶1.97∶1(马醒华等,1993Liu,2020)。地球轨道的405 kyr长偏心率受到金星近日点和木星轨道调制,因为木星质量巨大,导致过去数亿年405 kyr长偏心率周期稳定存在,并被用于标定沉积地层(Hays et al.,1976Laskar et al.,2011毛凯楠等,2012Zhang et al.,2015翁雪波,2017宋翠玉和吕大炜,2022)。因此,本文选用识别出的稳定405 kyr长偏心率信号进行天文调谐。
本文使用SiO2/Al2O3、Mg/Ca、Fe/Mn和V/(V+Ni)等指标恢复古气候和古氧化还原环境(Liu,1990),提取其中的周期性变化信息,并与地层中的天文周期信号和基准面旋回(三级和四级层序)进行对比,进而探讨天文轨道参数对华北克拉通晚石炭世—早二叠世古环境演化及有机质富集的控制作用,揭示海陆过渡相富有机质层位的分布规律。
频谱分析结果显示,本溪组中L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井GR测井序列分别在沉积旋回厚度13.04 m、6.48 m、12.50 m和8.83 m对应的频率范围内出现显著峰值,在4.01 m、1.79 m、3.33 m和2.74 m对应的频率也出现显著峰值,同时L-13井还存在1.42 m沉积旋回(图2),且置信水平均大于95%。太原组中L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井GR测井序列分别在沉积旋回厚度9.95 m、6.48 m、7.46 m和10.70 m对应的频率出现显著峰值,在3.22 m、6.48 m、1.85 m和3.50 m对应的频率峰值显著,同时L-22井和L-152井还存在1.81~2.67 m和1.30 m的沉积旋回,且置信水平均大于95%(图3)。山西组中L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井GR测井序列分别在沉积旋回厚度29.10 m、17.65 m、16.50 m和17.60 m对应的频率峰值显著,在7.50 m、4.00 m、3.90~4.99 m和5.10 m对应的频率也出现显著峰值,此外还存在2.09 m、1.34 m、1.51 m和1.54~1.86 m的沉积旋回,且置信水平均大于95%(图4)。
COCO分析结果显示L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井本溪组的沉积速率峰值分别为2.8 cm/kyr、1.6 cm/kyr、2.2 cm/kyr和2.8 cm/kyr,太原组峰值分别为2.9 cm/kyr、2.8 cm/kyr、2.3 cm/kyr和2.3 cm/kyr,山西组峰值分别为5.2 cm/kyr、5.3 cm/kyr、4.9 cm/kyr和4.2 cm/kyr。各井的沉积速率最佳值所对应的零假设(H0)远小于1%,显著性水平最低,表明此时天文驱动对其影响的可能性大于99%,即沉积速率相关系数最高(图5),由此可以确定各组地层的最佳沉积速率。
由于华北克拉通各地区同一层位的年龄有差异,且测试的精度也不一,本研究基于区域地层对比,参考Yang et al.(2014)Wu et al.(2021)的CA-ID-TIMS技术测得的高精度火山灰锆石年龄,石炭纪—二叠纪的界限年龄298.89 Ma,暂定本溪组和太原组分界为301.13±0.21 Ma,太原组的顶界年龄为298.18±1.20 Ma,山西组顶界年龄上限为295.346±0.080 Ma(图1)。基于上述年龄锚点,可厘定太原组沉积时间为2.95±1.41 Myr,山西组沉积时间为2.834±1.28 Myr,本溪组缺少准确的年龄数据。L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井本溪组沉积厚度分别为41.7 m、16.8 m、57.0 m和40.6 m;太原组厚度分别为91.6 m、88.2 m、43.3 m和109.3 m;山西组厚度分别为81.4 m、105.9 m、138.6 m和63.1m。利用沉积时间和沉积厚度对应得到太原组和山西组平均沉积速率(表2),COCO分析得到的最佳沉积速率均在平均沉积速率区间内。山西组的沉积速率明显高于本溪组和太原组,这一现象受到海陆过渡相沉积向陆相沉积演变的影响,同时也与华北克拉通北缘持续隆起密切相关(邵龙义等,2014)。
L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井四口井本溪组的沉积分别受控于沉积厚度为13.04 m、6.48 m、5.94 m和8.83 m所对应的天文周期,可认为是稳定的405 kyr长偏心率周期。演化FFT频谱图也说明了深度域的沉积速率变化,表明整个沉积过程中存在稳定的长偏心率周期。据此认为,太原组9.95 m、6.48 m、7.46 m和10.70 m的周期为405 kyr长偏心率周期,短偏心率周期分别为131 kyr、100 kyr、100 kyr和127 kyr,斜率周期分别为28~42 kyr和43 kyr。山西组29.10 m、17.65 m、16.50 m和17.60 m 周期为405 kyr长偏心率周期,短偏心率周期分别为100 kyr、105 kyr、98~122 kyr和117 kyr,斜率周期分别为29 kyr、31 kyr、37 kyr和35~43 kyr(图2~4)。由于天文轨道周期的非线性响应机制影响,岁差周期可能被∼100 kyr和∼33 kyr的偏心率和斜率周期所覆盖(毛凯楠等2012翁雪波,2017Huang et al.,2021邵龙义等,2022宋翠玉和吕大炜,2022Chu et al.,2023)。四口井中均识别出405 kyr长偏心率周期,98~131 kyr短偏心率周期,29~44 kyr的地轴斜率周期,与晚石炭世—早二叠世(280 Ma~300 Ma)的理论轨道周期及前人相关研究相符(马醒华等,1993Li et al.,20182019梁岳立等,2023)。
对四口井利用405 kyr长偏心率周期进行滤波调谐,将四口井进行横向连井对比,L-13井、L-22井、L-25井和L-152井分别存在18、17、19、17个旋回。以L-152井为例,华北克拉通本溪组—山西组中根据层序地层界面可划分为18个四级层序,其中SQ1~SQ4是以泥页岩为主的潮坪—潟湖沉积,SQ5~SQ14为泥页岩、细砂岩、煤和薄层灰岩组成的障壁潟湖—潮坪相沉积,SQ15~SQ18是由砂岩、泥岩、煤组成的曲流河—三角洲沉积。将天文旋回和层序地层进行对应,建立晚石炭世—早二叠世地层受稳定的长偏心率轨道约束的旋回地层格架。偏心率变化通过对岁差的调控进而影响地球气候,偏心率最大值处季节对比强烈。北半球偏心率较大时降雨量增加,导致基准面上升,可容空间增大,泥炭沼泽叠加(Li et al.,2019b胡涛等,2021),对应本次研究GR高值处,405 kyr偏心率值处于波峰。研究区晚石炭世—早二叠世煤层多分布在滤波曲线的波峰处(图6),这进一步验证了此观点。
旋回地层学中长周期与短周期的变化之间存在显著的相互影响,超长斜率的存在对斜率有调制作用(Laskar et al.,2004)。因此,幅度调制分析能够有效判别旋回周期是否受天文轨道的控制(Hinnov,2013Wu et al.,2013)。前期的频谱分析识别出1.2 Myr的超长斜率周期信号,但未识别到超长偏心率周期,故对超长斜率进行识别分析。对L-152井的43 kyr的斜率滤波进行包络线分析,获得了该斜率曲线包络线的周期,即1.2 Myr超长斜率周期(图7a)。对本溪组—山西组的405 kyr 调谐过的GR 进行时间域频谱分析,在1.2 Myr、405 kyr、~135 kyr、125 kyr、43 kyr和35 kyr处显示出显著的峰值(图7b~d),所有置信水平均高于95%。
古气候的冷暖干湿是影响有机质富集的关键条件(胡涛等,2021)。Mg/Ca比值增大一般对应环境干旱程度的上升;SiO2/Al2O3小于4时指示潮湿气候,大于4指示干旱气候(刘鑫等,2021)。L-152井本溪组—山西组200余个元素及氧化物分析结果显示,其Mg/Ca介于0.01~3.12(平均为0.94),SiO2/Al2O3介于1.04~3.60(平均为2.50),可见本溪组—山西组时期气候总体温暖湿润,但仍存在波动。本溪组—太原组下部(1 815~1 893 m)Mg/Ca比值波动幅度较小,SiO2/Al2O3均值为2.21,波动较小,指示此时期气候条件较为稳定,保持温暖湿润,有利于有机质富集。太原组中部(1 770~1 815 m)Mg/Ca比值明显升高且波动幅度较大,SiO2/Al2O3均值为2.6且波动增大,指示此时期气候变干冷。太原组上部—山西组下段(1 715~1 770 m)Mg/Ca比值降低但波动幅度较大,SiO2/Al2O3均值为2.6且低值较多,指示气候向温暖潮湿转变,导致有机质的再次富集。山西组上段(1 680~1 715 m)Mg/Ca比值升高且高值较多,SiO2/Al2O3均值为2.8且波动较小,指示气候干冷程度增加(图8)。
该井Mg/Ca和SiO2/Al2O3比值纵向变化上显示出6次与1.2 Myr超长斜率滤波曲线对应,以及18次与405 kyr长偏心率滤波曲线相对应的周期规律(图8):波峰附近Mg/Ca值较低且SiO2/Al2O3值变高,指示气候变暖,季节性较强,降雨增多;波谷附近表现为Mg/Ca值较高与SiO2/Al2O3值较低,指示气候变冷,季节性不强,降雨减弱。
有机质保存除与有机质的来源和稀释程度有关,还与有机质沉降经过氧化水体过程中的降解程度有关,这一过程由沉积水体的氧化还原条件决定(胡涛等,2021)。本次采用Fe/Mn比值和V/(V+Ni)比值对沉积期水体氧化还原性进行分析。Fe/Mn比值含量越高指示还原性越强,在还原条件下,MnO2不断被还原为易溶的Mn2+,使还原沉积物中的Mn含量逐渐降低,导致Mn元素在还原条件下的亏损(郭来源等,2015)。本溪组—山西组Fe/Mn为18.9~162.0(平均为46.6)。V元素在氧化水体中以V5+的溶解形式存在,在还原水体中会分别被还原成V3+沉淀,对水体氧化还原性变化较敏感。Ni则主要富集在发生硫酸盐还原现象的环境中,在还原环境下V会比Ni更有效地以有机络合物形式沉淀下来,其中V/(V+Ni)可以指示还原(0.83~1.00)、弱氧化(0.57~0.83)以及氧化(0.57~0.46)环境(林治家等,2008)。本溪组—山西组V/(V+Ni)介于0.18~0.98(平均为0.68)。本溪组—太原组下部(1 815.0~1 893.1 m)的V/(V+Ni)比值波动较小,多大于0.57,表示此时期总体保持还原的环境,有机质在多个层位表现出明显的富集。太原组中部(1 770~1 815 m)V/(V+Ni)比值明显降低且波动幅度较大,指示此时期氧化性增强。太原组上部—山西组下段(1 715~1 770 m)V/(V+Ni)比值多大于0.57指示还原条件增强。山西组上段(1 680~1 715 m)V/(V+Ni)比值和Fe/Mn比值波动较大,不利于有机质富集(图8)。
在旋回地层格架下,Fe/Mn比值和V/(V+Ni)比值纵向上显示出与前述古气候参数Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3类似的6次长期变化与18次中期变化,与1.2 Myr超长斜率、405 kyr长偏心率滤波的波峰和波谷规律同样存在相关关系,即在波峰附近数值较高,在波谷附近数值较小(图8)。这表明1.2 Myr超长斜率和405 kyr长偏心率可能控制了本溪组—山西组沉积时期水体氧化还原状态演变。
有机质富集程度与沉积旋回中富有机质沉积岩的岩相关系密切(刘全有等,2022)。据显微薄片观察,本溪组、太原组和山西组页岩在矿物组成、有机质形态、裂缝和生物化石等方面存在较明显的差异,中—高有机质(TOC>1%)富含硅质的泥质页岩主要在本溪组、太原组中下部和太原组上部及山西组下部,而贫有机质(TOC<1%)页岩主要在太原组中部和山西组上部(图9)。将高TOC层段和滤波曲线进行比对,发现其与405 kyr长偏心率极大值有很好的对应关系,与1.2 Myr滤波曲线极大值存在较弱的对应关系。有机质富集分布模式表明18个405 kyr长偏心率周期所主导的高值期控制了有机质富集。
以滤波曲线的波峰波谷为标志,对本溪组—山西组沉积期古气候环境进行划分。在波峰附近,SiO2/Al2O3升高,Mg/Ca降低,指示气候相对温暖湿润;V/(V+Ni)及Fe/Mn升高,指示还原性较强的环境。波谷附近各指标表现则相反,即波峰处为暖湿强还原环境,波谷处为冷干弱还原环境(图8)。据上述对应关系,划分出6期1.2 Myr超长斜率主导和18期405 kyr长偏心率主导的古环境演化阶段。
L-152井本溪组—山西组实测TOC值最高为8.63%,最低为0.12%,平均值为1.41%,煤层在全段皆有发育。有机质层系的形成、演化和保存经历长期复杂的地质过程,受古环境变化的影响,还原环境更利于有机质的保存(周靖皓等,2022)。结合实测TOC值及利用测井恢复TOC曲线和煤层发育层段分析,明确了有机质层系与天文旋回的对应关系。将TOC大于1%定义为“富有机质层系”,TOC小于1%定义为“含有机质层系”,划分结果为6期长期尺度和18期中期尺度的“富有机质层系—含有机质层系”,与前述的古环境周期规律吻合(图8)。这些周期性的变化与前文揭示的6期1.2 Myr超长斜率和18期405 kyr长偏心率主导的规律相呼应(图8)。上述对应关系说明富有机质层系受控于沉积古环境的变化,而天文轨道周期的改变影响着沉积环境的变化,即晚石炭世—早二叠世的有机质富集受到轨道周期总体影响。
华北克拉通晚石炭世—早二叠世气候总体由温暖潮湿向寒冷干燥变化,变暖和变冷事件时有发生。研究表明,超长斜率和长偏心率的极大值反映地表接收日照增强,使得一定时期的气候变暖,季节性增强,降雨增多,地表径流也使得湖盆水位升高,华北板块环境更加温暖湿润,营养物质增多入湖有利于生物的生长繁殖,使得有机质更加富集(图10a)。当超长斜率和偏心率较小,地表受到的光照减少,使得气候变冷,季节性不强,降雨减弱,湖盆水位相对较低,陆源输入和营养物质相对减少,有机质的含量较少且保存不利(图10b)。综合以上分析,天文旋回分析对于古环境演变分析和有机质富集规律的研究具有重要的指示作用。
(1) 华北晚石炭世—早二叠世本溪组—山西组完好保存了天文轨道周期控制下的沉积旋回记录,沉积速率介于1.6~5.0 cm/kyr,在天文旋回约束下本溪组—山西组识别出6个1.2 Myr超长斜率周期和18个405 kyr长偏心率周期。
(2) 将Mg/Ca、SiO2/Al2O3、Fe/Mn和V/(V+Ni)作为古气候及古氧化还原替代指标进行周期性趋势分析,识别出1.2 Myr超长斜率影响下的6次超长周期气候变化和405 kyr长偏心率控制的18次长周期气候变化,表明天文旋回控制了华北克拉通西部晚石炭世—早二叠世时期环境变化。
(3) 古环境参数和有机质层对天文周期的响应规律显示有机质层系分布受天文旋回控制,超长斜率和长偏心率分别以1.2 Myr尺度和405 kyr尺度调节富有机质和含有机质层段分布,斜率和偏心率极大值时期对应华北克拉通海陆过渡相和陆相沉积区有机质富集。
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2026年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.084
  • 接收时间:2024-01-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-11
  • 修回日期:2024-07-20
  • 录用日期:2024-09-10
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CNPC Science and Technology Innovation Fund Program(2021DQ02-1003)
中国石油科技创新基金项目(2021DQ02-1003)
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    1.中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京 100083
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    3.北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京 100871

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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