Article(id=1307264210887533262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307263778819690680, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1731254400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-11, revisedDate=1737820800000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-26, acceptedDate=1746720000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-09, onlineDate=1789605675669, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605675669, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605675669, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605675669, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307263778819690680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='799', pageEnd='1214', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605572657, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605572657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=994, endPage=1006, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264211059499727, articleId=1307264210887533262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Characteristics and Evolution of a Deep⁃Water Gravity Flow Channel⁃Lobe System in a Deep⁃Water Slope: A case study of outcrops from the Third member of the Ordovician Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, Inner Mongolia, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective A typical gravity-flow sedimentation set is present in the Ordovician Lashizhong Formation at the western margin of the Ordos Basin. This study investigated the formation process of gravity flows in the third member of the Lashizhong Formation with the aim of summarizing the sedimentary characteristics and evolutionary pattern, and to establish a sedimentary model. Methods Outcrop observation, thin-section examination, grain size analysis and paleocurrent measurement were used in the analysis. Results Eight kinds of lithofacies and six litho-facies associations were found in the study area: horizontal bedded shale (A1); lens-shaped massive bedded calcirudite (B1); lens-shaped parallel-bedded sandstone (B2); lens-shaped cross-bedded sandstone-siltstone (B3), wedges of cross-bedded sandstone-siltstone (C1), graded beds of sandstone-siltstone (D1), parallel-bedded siltstone (D2), and bedded pebbly sandstone (D3). These indicate channel axis deposition (B1), vertical aggradation channels (B2, C1, A1), distributary channels (B3, C1, A1), proximal lobes (D1, A1), distal lobes (D2, A1) and mass transport deposits (D3). Channel axis deposition, vertical aggradation channels, distributary channels, proximal lobes and distal lobes have been successively developed in the lowest part of the Third member of the Lashizhong Formation, which is divided into five stages. The middle and upper parts of the Third member of the Lashizhong Formation show the development of mass transport deposits, proximal lobes and distal lobes, and is divided into seven stages. Conclusions The evolution of these strata is closely related to the type and energy of gravity flow. At the initial stage, gravity flow was dominated by debris flow, then, as the debris flow energy weakened, turbidity current dominated. The vertical aggradation channels were developed during multi-stage periods of erosion and sedimentation. Distributary channels and lobes then developed with further weakening of the turbidity flow. Tectonic movement increased the sand content of sediment supply, leading to the initial development of massive transport deposition followed by large-scale lobes with higher sand content. The vertical evolution of gravity flow sedimentation was governed by a combination of factors, including sea-level fluctuations, sediment supply and its composition, as well as tectonic movement. An initial rise in sea level followed by a sub-sequent fall are suggested by a decrease and then increase in the scale of gravity flow development. Variations in sediment supply types gave rise to diverse sedimentary units, including channel-axis deposition composed mainly of calcirudite, as well as vertical aggradation channels, distributary channels, proximal lobes and distal lobes mainly comprising fine sandstone and siltstone. Moreover, the magnitude of sediment supply significantly impacted the morphological features, dimensions and sand-to-mud ratio of these sedimentary units. During the depositional period of the Lashizhong Formation, relatively subdued tectonic activity facilitated the formation of a channel-lobe system that is relatively modest in size compared to the scale typically encountered in exploration contexts. The interplay of the above factors ⁃ sea-level changes, sediment-supply dynamics, and tectonic setting ⁃ together shaped the architectural complexity and distribution patterns of the gravity flow deposits in the basin. Understanding these controls is crucial for accurate reservoir characterization and prediction in hydrocarbon exploration and production. This study helps in the understanding of gravity-flow evolution in the study area, and provides a theoretical reference for oil and gas exploration.

, authors=XianKun ZHANG, Hua LI, YouBin HE, YiMing HE, ChunWei JIANG, JiZe WU, FengNan YAO, authorsList=XianKun ZHANG, Hua LI, YouBin HE, YiMing HE, ChunWei JIANG, JiZe WU, FengNan YAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=YouBin HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HE YouBin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264214582715106, articleId=1307264210887533262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=深水斜坡背景下的重力流水道—朵叶体系沉积特征及演化, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 揭示鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系拉什仲组三段重力流沉积的形成过程、沉积特征及演化规律,并在此基础上建立相应的沉积模式,可为深入理解该地区古地理环境及沉积动力学机制提供科学依据。 方法 通过露头、岩石薄片、古水流及粒度分析等方法对其进行系统分析。 结果 (1)研究区共发育8种岩相和6种岩相组合,即水平层理页岩相(A1)、透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相(B1)、透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(B2)、透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩(B3)、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(C1)、层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D1)、层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D2)及层状中—细砾岩相(D3),分别代表水道轴部沉积(B1)、垂向加积水道(B2,C1,A1)、分支水道(B3,C1,A1)、近端朵叶(D1,A1)、远端朵叶(D2,A1)、块状搬运复合体沉积(D3);(2)拉什仲组三段下部自下而上依次发育水道轴部沉积、垂向加积水道、分支水道、近端朵叶及远端朵叶,共分6个期次;拉什仲组三段中上部自下而上依次发育块状搬运复合体沉积、近端朵叶及远端朵叶,共分7个期次。 结论 重力流沉积单元的演化与流体的性质和能量密切相关。重力流爆发初期,碎屑流占主导,在水道底部发育轴部沉积;接着碎屑流的能量减弱,浊流逐渐占主导,伴随多期侵蚀与充填,发育垂向加积水道;随着浊流持续作用及能量的进一步减弱,依次发育分支水道和朵叶。构造运动使得物源供给的砂/泥比增大,随后发育块状搬运复合体,然后发育大规模的含砂率较高的朵叶。

, authors=张显坤, 李华, 何幼斌, 何一鸣, 姜纯伟, 吴吉泽, 姚凤南, authorsList=张显坤, 李华, 何幼斌, 何一鸣, 姜纯伟, 吴吉泽, 姚凤南, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何幼斌, authorNote=

张显坤,男,2001年出生,硕士研究生,沉积学,E-mail:

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何幼斌,男,教授,沉积学,E-mail:
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Journal of Sedimentary Research, 73(3): 367-388., articleTitle=Seismic geomorphology and stratigraphy of depositional elements in deep-water settings, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307264221239075630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, awardId=42272115, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307264221314573104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, awardId=42272115, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42272115), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307264221394264882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, awardId=42272113, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42272113), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307264214817596131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264214951813860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, companyId=1307264214817596131, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264214960202469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, companyId=1307264214817596131, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307264219565548313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Lashizhong Formation in Wuhai city: (a) sketch of tectonic unit division(modified from Wang et al., 2016); (b) paleogeographic environment; (c) stratigraphic characteristics(modified from Li et al., 2023, figureFileSmall=Poz2rRCkswnd0Ne9dr0zbg==, figureFileBig=3bnbhtlSK9PlOq2fnl5s2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264219628462874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图1, caption=乌海市拉什仲组(a)构造位置(据王振涛等,2016修改)、(b)古地理环境及(c)地层特征(据李向东等,2023修改), figureFileSmall=Poz2rRCkswnd0Ne9dr0zbg==, figureFileBig=3bnbhtlSK9PlOq2fnl5s2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264219867538203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Vertical section showing channels and lobes in the lowest of the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, figureFileSmall=I57frBqLrQrka9lokdn8Wg==, figureFileBig=FXruSeGXhBlqP6ITXQnAyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264219964007196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图2, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段下部水道与朵叶垂向特征, figureFileSmall=I57frBqLrQrka9lokdn8Wg==, figureFileBig=FXruSeGXhBlqP6ITXQnAyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220039504669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Vertical sequences of middle⁃to⁃upper sections in the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, figureFileSmall=0SoAke/pEvlTckDHEapFfw==, figureFileBig=hZt6bDH0BhoyH/dkn0B9MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220110807838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图3, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段中上部垂向叠置模式, figureFileSmall=0SoAke/pEvlTckDHEapFfw==, figureFileBig=hZt6bDH0BhoyH/dkn0B9MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220198888223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Sedimentary characteristics of channel axis deposition in the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

(a) characteristics of channel axis deposition; dotted yellow lines are the channel boundaries; (b) vertical feature; (c) paleontological features; (d) microscopic feature, R. gravel

, figureFileSmall=iI1DNUHu7dK1roDN6BLIAg==, figureFileBig=RuW40mCg3gedZ7hu+kg4Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220261802784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图4, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段水道轴部沉积特征

(a)水道轴部沉积特征,黄色虚线为水道边界;(b)垂向特征;(c)古生物特征;(d)镜下特征,R为砾屑

, figureFileSmall=iI1DNUHu7dK1roDN6BLIAg==, figureFileBig=RuW40mCg3gedZ7hu+kg4Lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220337300257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Vertical sedimentary aggradation channel in the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

(a, b) aggradation channel; dotted yellow lines represent channel boundaries; (c) microscopic feature, Q. quartz; R. gravel; (d, e) grain-size characteristics

, figureFileSmall=DSypu5AMhWJJzwPnoo625w==, figureFileBig=/0bZ4IXFhq2WdLP8N1eyjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220416992034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图5, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段垂向加积水道沉积特征

(a,b)垂向加积水道沉积特征,黄色虚线为水道边界;(c)镜下特征,Q为石英,R为岩屑;(d,e)粒度特征

, figureFileSmall=DSypu5AMhWJJzwPnoo625w==, figureFileBig=/0bZ4IXFhq2WdLP8N1eyjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220479906595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sedimentary characteristics of distributary channels in Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

(a, b) distributary channels; dotted yellow lines indicate channel boundaries; (c) microscopic feature, Q. quartz; (d, e) grain-size characteristics

, figureFileSmall=H6F/aTcemZ7lMIssFH7q9A==, figureFileBig=LJxrsmovzBJvAaEBcUu+7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220563792676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图6, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段分支水道沉积特征

(a,b)分支水道沉积特征,黄色虚线为水道边界;(c)镜下特征,Q为石英;(d,e)粒度特征

, figureFileSmall=H6F/aTcemZ7lMIssFH7q9A==, figureFileBig=LJxrsmovzBJvAaEBcUu+7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220639290150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Sedimentary characteristics of proximal and distal lobes in the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

(a,b) proximal lobes; white broken lines represent crest line, white arrows represent flow direction; (c,d) distal lobes

, figureFileSmall=39i4LeoPCoI2EjvlHK+iYA==, figureFileBig=58Iv8V00MQWstoZ5pEf6uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220710593319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图7, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段近端朵叶和远端朵叶沉积特征

(a,b)近端朵叶沉积特征,白色虚线为波脊线,白色箭头指示水流方向;(c,d)远端朵叶沉积特征

, figureFileSmall=39i4LeoPCoI2EjvlHK+iYA==, figureFileBig=58Iv8V00MQWstoZ5pEf6uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220781896488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Characteristics of MTD deposition in the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

(a) vertical characteristics; (b) gravel characterisitics and flow direttion; white curves represent gravel outline; yellow arrow indicates flow direction

, figureFileSmall=5HRDhHfz6PsD43hXBPMedg==, figureFileBig=iVL56rvwPLSlZVIngbOIow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220853199657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图8, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段MTD沉积特征

(a)垂向特征;(b)砾石特征及水流方向,白色曲线为砾石轮廓;黄色箭头指示水体流动方向

, figureFileSmall=5HRDhHfz6PsD43hXBPMedg==, figureFileBig=iVL56rvwPLSlZVIngbOIow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220920308522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Deposition model of the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, figureFileSmall=cInofqucCumyL1ZDuy/OLw==, figureFileBig=YEivxvx6QYkwdI9N4b4fqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264220995805995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=图9, caption=乌海市拉什仲组三段沉积模式, figureFileSmall=cInofqucCumyL1ZDuy/OLw==, figureFileBig=YEivxvx6QYkwdI9N4b4fqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264221062914860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Lithofacies of the Third member, Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号岩相沉积构造鲍马序列沉积单元解释
1AA1水平层理页岩相水平层理——原地沉积
2BB1透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相块状层理——轴部沉积
3B2透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相平行层理、侵蚀面、槽模Tab垂向加积水道
4B3透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理、槽模Tab、Tabc、Tbc分支水道
5CC1楔状交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理Tab、Tabc、Tbc堤岸沉积
6DD1层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相粒序层理、平行层理、波痕、槽模Tab近端朵叶
7D2层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理、波痕Tb、Tbc远端朵叶
8D3层状中—细砾岩相叠瓦状构造——MTD
), ArticleFig(id=1307264221138412333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264210887533262, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

乌海市拉什仲组三段岩相特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号编号岩相沉积构造鲍马序列沉积单元解释
1AA1水平层理页岩相水平层理——原地沉积
2BB1透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相块状层理——轴部沉积
3B2透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相平行层理、侵蚀面、槽模Tab垂向加积水道
4B3透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理、槽模Tab、Tabc、Tbc分支水道
5CC1楔状交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理Tab、Tabc、Tbc堤岸沉积
6DD1层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相粒序层理、平行层理、波痕、槽模Tab近端朵叶
7D2层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相交错层理、平行层理、波痕Tb、Tbc远端朵叶
8D3层状中—细砾岩相叠瓦状构造——MTD
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深水斜坡背景下的重力流水道—朵叶体系沉积特征及演化
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张显坤 , 李华 , 何幼斌 , 何一鸣 , 姜纯伟 , 吴吉泽 , 姚凤南
沉积学报 | 2026,44(3): 994-1006
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (3) : 994 -1006
深水斜坡背景下的重力流水道—朵叶体系沉积特征及演化
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张显坤 , 李华, 何幼斌 , 何一鸣, 姜纯伟, 吴吉泽, 姚凤南
作者信息
  • 长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
通讯作者:
何幼斌,男,教授,沉积学,E-mail:
作者简介:

张显坤,男,2001年出生,硕士研究生,沉积学,E-mail:

Characteristics and Evolution of a Deep⁃Water Gravity Flow Channel⁃Lobe System in a Deep⁃Water Slope: A case study of outcrops from the Third member of the Ordovician Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, Inner Mongolia
XianKun ZHANG , Hua LI, YouBin HE , YiMing HE, ChunWei JIANG, JiZe WU, FengNan YAO
Affiliations
  • School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HE YouBin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.009
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目的 揭示鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系拉什仲组三段重力流沉积的形成过程、沉积特征及演化规律,并在此基础上建立相应的沉积模式,可为深入理解该地区古地理环境及沉积动力学机制提供科学依据。 方法 通过露头、岩石薄片、古水流及粒度分析等方法对其进行系统分析。 结果 (1)研究区共发育8种岩相和6种岩相组合,即水平层理页岩相(A1)、透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相(B1)、透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(B2)、透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩(B3)、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(C1)、层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D1)、层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D2)及层状中—细砾岩相(D3),分别代表水道轴部沉积(B1)、垂向加积水道(B2,C1,A1)、分支水道(B3,C1,A1)、近端朵叶(D1,A1)、远端朵叶(D2,A1)、块状搬运复合体沉积(D3);(2)拉什仲组三段下部自下而上依次发育水道轴部沉积、垂向加积水道、分支水道、近端朵叶及远端朵叶,共分6个期次;拉什仲组三段中上部自下而上依次发育块状搬运复合体沉积、近端朵叶及远端朵叶,共分7个期次。 结论 重力流沉积单元的演化与流体的性质和能量密切相关。重力流爆发初期,碎屑流占主导,在水道底部发育轴部沉积;接着碎屑流的能量减弱,浊流逐渐占主导,伴随多期侵蚀与充填,发育垂向加积水道;随着浊流持续作用及能量的进一步减弱,依次发育分支水道和朵叶。构造运动使得物源供给的砂/泥比增大,随后发育块状搬运复合体,然后发育大规模的含砂率较高的朵叶。

重力流  /  浊流  /  水道  /  砂/泥比  /  沉积模式  /  奥陶系  /  拉什仲组  /  鄂尔多斯盆地

Objective A typical gravity-flow sedimentation set is present in the Ordovician Lashizhong Formation at the western margin of the Ordos Basin. This study investigated the formation process of gravity flows in the third member of the Lashizhong Formation with the aim of summarizing the sedimentary characteristics and evolutionary pattern, and to establish a sedimentary model. Methods Outcrop observation, thin-section examination, grain size analysis and paleocurrent measurement were used in the analysis. Results Eight kinds of lithofacies and six litho-facies associations were found in the study area: horizontal bedded shale (A1); lens-shaped massive bedded calcirudite (B1); lens-shaped parallel-bedded sandstone (B2); lens-shaped cross-bedded sandstone-siltstone (B3), wedges of cross-bedded sandstone-siltstone (C1), graded beds of sandstone-siltstone (D1), parallel-bedded siltstone (D2), and bedded pebbly sandstone (D3). These indicate channel axis deposition (B1), vertical aggradation channels (B2, C1, A1), distributary channels (B3, C1, A1), proximal lobes (D1, A1), distal lobes (D2, A1) and mass transport deposits (D3). Channel axis deposition, vertical aggradation channels, distributary channels, proximal lobes and distal lobes have been successively developed in the lowest part of the Third member of the Lashizhong Formation, which is divided into five stages. The middle and upper parts of the Third member of the Lashizhong Formation show the development of mass transport deposits, proximal lobes and distal lobes, and is divided into seven stages. Conclusions The evolution of these strata is closely related to the type and energy of gravity flow. At the initial stage, gravity flow was dominated by debris flow, then, as the debris flow energy weakened, turbidity current dominated. The vertical aggradation channels were developed during multi-stage periods of erosion and sedimentation. Distributary channels and lobes then developed with further weakening of the turbidity flow. Tectonic movement increased the sand content of sediment supply, leading to the initial development of massive transport deposition followed by large-scale lobes with higher sand content. The vertical evolution of gravity flow sedimentation was governed by a combination of factors, including sea-level fluctuations, sediment supply and its composition, as well as tectonic movement. An initial rise in sea level followed by a sub-sequent fall are suggested by a decrease and then increase in the scale of gravity flow development. Variations in sediment supply types gave rise to diverse sedimentary units, including channel-axis deposition composed mainly of calcirudite, as well as vertical aggradation channels, distributary channels, proximal lobes and distal lobes mainly comprising fine sandstone and siltstone. Moreover, the magnitude of sediment supply significantly impacted the morphological features, dimensions and sand-to-mud ratio of these sedimentary units. During the depositional period of the Lashizhong Formation, relatively subdued tectonic activity facilitated the formation of a channel-lobe system that is relatively modest in size compared to the scale typically encountered in exploration contexts. The interplay of the above factors ⁃ sea-level changes, sediment-supply dynamics, and tectonic setting ⁃ together shaped the architectural complexity and distribution patterns of the gravity flow deposits in the basin. Understanding these controls is crucial for accurate reservoir characterization and prediction in hydrocarbon exploration and production. This study helps in the understanding of gravity-flow evolution in the study area, and provides a theoretical reference for oil and gas exploration.

gravity flow  /  turbidity flow  /  channel  /  sand/mud content  /  depositional model  /  Ordovician  /  Lashizhong Formation  /  Ordos Basin
张显坤, 李华, 何幼斌, 何一鸣, 姜纯伟, 吴吉泽, 姚凤南. 深水斜坡背景下的重力流水道—朵叶体系沉积特征及演化. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (3) : 994 -1006 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.009
XianKun ZHANG, Hua LI, YouBin HE, YiMing HE, ChunWei JIANG, JiZe WU, FengNan YAO. Characteristics and Evolution of a Deep⁃Water Gravity Flow Channel⁃Lobe System in a Deep⁃Water Slope: A case study of outcrops from the Third member of the Ordovician Lashizhong Formation, Wuhai city, Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (3) : 994 -1006 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.009
随着沉积理论研究的持续深入及油气勘探技术的不断提升,多个大型深水重力流油气田相继被发现,目前不论是在基础沉积研究还是在石油与天然气勘探领域,深水重力流都占据着越来越重要的位置(王英民等,2007赵晓明等,2012;龚成林等,2021,2022;Li et al.,2023田纳新等,2024)。但现阶段对于重力流的研究仍存在一些相对薄弱的环节:(1)重力流沉积单元种类众多,如复合水道、迁移水道等,不同沉积单元的形态、叠置样式、接触关系及形成机理等有不同的认识(谈梦婷等,2023);(2)深水勘探的难度较大,现有的研究更多依赖理论模型及模拟实验(王鹏伟等,2020于景强和韩宏伟,2020),缺少足够的实例来验证和补充结论(于景强和韩宏伟,2020),且沉积单元的鉴别标志尚未完善,目前更多的是通过地震资料来识别不同类型的沉积单元,如重力流水道(康洪全等,2018;龚成林等,2023)。(3)不同重力流的相态转化、伴生沉积构造及控制因素等仍是重力流沉积研究中的重点之一(Jobe et al.,2010李华等,2011Brunt et al.,2013Masalimova et al.,2016Li et al.,2018Counts et al.,2021)。如何准确地识别和区分不同类型的水道—朵叶体系仍是一个挑战。
鄂尔多斯西缘乌海市海南区奥陶系拉什仲组发育了一套沉积单元较完整的深水重力流水道—朵叶沉积。前人通过对乌海市海南区露头的系列研究已经取得了一定的认识,包括沉积构造的成因(李向东等,2022)、流体性质(李向东等,20192023李向东和陈海燕,2020a)、古生物特征(费安玮,2001)和拉什仲组整体的沉积特征等(肖彬等,2014李华等,2022)。然而,研究区的深水重力流沉积单元种类较为丰富,各种沉积单元之间演化过程的研究开展相对较少。同时,研究区发育大面积的朵叶、深水波痕以及至今在国内很少被公开报道的垂向加积水道,非常具有代表性,深入研究不仅可以补充深水沉积中重力流水道—朵叶体系的垂向组合序列,进一步明确水道—朵叶体系的演化过程,也为油气勘探提供理论依据。
研究区鄂尔多斯西缘奥陶系拉什仲组剖面位于内蒙古乌海市海南区,交通便利。构造位置为贺兰构造带与秦岭、北祁连海槽组成的三叉裂谷系(图1a),构造运动活跃且复杂(赵红格等,2006),东部为鄂尔多斯盆地西缘逆缓冲带与天环向斜,东北为伊盟古陆,西部为贺兰构造带,西北为阿拉善古陆。从东北向西南的沉积环境依次为古陆—斜坡—深海盆地(图1b)。
研究区自下而上依次发育乌拉力克组、拉什仲组及公乌素组(吴兴宁等,2015吴东旭等,2018)。其中拉什仲组的岩性主要为黄绿色砂岩、粉砂岩及灰绿色泥页岩(图1c),槽模、交错层理、波痕等沉积构造极为发育。其中拉什仲组三段的下部主要发育砾屑灰岩、黄绿色砂岩—粉砂岩与灰绿色泥岩的互层;中上部主要发育黄绿色砂岩—粉砂岩与灰绿色泥页岩的不等厚互层,局部可见大规模波痕与槽模(费安玮,2001),整体为一套典型的重力流沉积。
乌海市海南区拉什仲组三段露头出露良好,由下部(图2)与中上部(图3)两部分组成,以沉积旋回为单元进行分层,拉什仲组三段下部可划分成14层,1层为透镜状的砾屑灰岩,2~5层为透镜状的细砂岩—粉砂岩,6~14层为层状的细砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩的互层。其中砾屑灰岩中见海百合茎、介壳类及腕足类生物碎屑,各层呈由粗到细的正旋回沉积特征;拉什仲组三段中上部可划分成48层,1层为层状砾岩,2~48层为层状细砂岩、粉砂岩与泥岩的互层,第9、10、40~43、46、47、48层顶部发育波痕。各层大致为由粗到细的正旋回沉积序列。
根据拉什仲组的岩石类型、形态及组合关系,结合剖面实测与岩石薄片的观察与鉴定,拉什仲组三段共识别出8种岩相(表1),分别为水平层理页岩相(A1)、透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相(B1)、透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(B2)、透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩(B3)、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(C1)、层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D1)、层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相(D2)和层状中—细砾岩相(D3)。
水平层理页岩相在整个拉什仲组三段均有发育,其颜色偏暗,呈深灰色,岩石内部页理极为发育,横向变化很小,较为稳定。该岩相反映深度较深的低能环境,判断为深水原地沉积(费安玮,2001)。
透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相发育在拉什仲组三段的下部,砾屑灰岩的颜色以灰白色为主,砂体整体形态呈“U”形(图4a)。共两层,单层厚度自下而上为34 cm和27 cm。岩性为砾屑灰岩,块状层理发育。见海百合、腕足、介壳和三叶虫等遗迹化石(图4c)。砾屑粒径最大为1.5 cm,最小为0.2 cm,一般为0.5~1.0 cm。该岩相反映高能的水动力条件,推测为碎屑流沉积产物。由于机械沉积分异作用,粒径较大的颗粒先沉积在底部,粒径相对较小的颗粒随后沉积,从而构成垂向上下部颗粒粗、上部颗粒细的正旋回特征(图4b)。
透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相发育在拉什仲组三段的底部,其颜色以黄绿色为主,砂体整体形态呈“U”形(图5a),单层厚度102 cm,宽度13 m。岩性为砂岩及粉砂岩,成分以石英为主,少量长石、岩屑,呈棱角—次棱角状(图5c),平均粒径Φ值为3.391~3.789,主要介于3.3~4.5,标准偏差为0.603~0.747(分选较好),SK值为-0.007~0.083,反映粒度整体偏粗,KG值为1.034~1.085,为窄峰型特征,概率累积曲线以一段式为主,少量二段式(图5e)。平行层理发育,岩石顶部发育小型交错层理,底部可见槽模,以鲍马序列的Tab段最为常见。该岩相反映快速搬运,快速沉积的过程,可能发育在高能环境,为多期浊流不断充填形成。
透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相发育在拉什仲组三段的底部,该岩相的颜色以黄绿色为主,砂体整体形态呈“U”形(图6a,c),单层厚度为20~75 cm,宽度为0.38~26.80 m。岩性为砂岩及粉砂岩,镜下颗粒以石英为主,少量长石,棱角—次棱角状,平均粒径Φ值为3.48~3.77,主要介于3.0~5.5,标准偏差为0.569~0.737(分选较好),SK值为0.031~0.098,反映粒度整体偏细,KG值为0.996~1.075,为窄峰型特征,概率累积曲线以一段式为主,少量二段式(图6e)。交错层理与平行层理发育(图6b),可见侵蚀面,构成鲍马序列Tab、Tabc和Tbc,反映沉积物沉积速率较快,未进入新的沉积环境。该岩相发育在较高能的环境,主要为浊流沉积的产物。
楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相发育在拉什仲组三段的底部,该岩相的颜色以黄绿色为主,砂体整体形态呈楔状,单层厚度为15 cm和50 cm,岩性为砂岩及粉砂岩,主要发育在透镜状砂体的两侧且往往与岩相B2、岩相B3伴生,发育小型交错层理、平行层理等,构成鲍马序列Tab、Tabc和Tbc图5a、图6a)。根据其与岩相B2与B3的伴生关系,推断为浊流的溢岸沉积形成。
层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相在整个拉什仲组三段均有发育,但主要集中在中上部。该岩相的颜色以黄绿色为主,砂体整体形态呈层状,岩性为砂岩及粉砂岩,交错层理、平行层理、波痕及槽模等沉积构造发育。局部可见波状层理,部分底面呈波状。顶部波痕的波脊线大多较为平直且波脊线之间大致平行分布,为小型2D波痕(图7a)。含砂率相对较高,单层厚度一般大于20 cm,构成鲍马序列Tab和Tabc图7b)。该岩相发育在较高能环境,推断为浊流在斜坡下部的沉积产物。
层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相在整个拉什仲组三段均有发育。该岩相的颜色以黄绿色为主,砂体整体形态呈层状,岩性为砂岩及粉砂岩,粒序层理、平行层理及波痕等沉积构造均有发育,波痕形态种类多样,波脊线彼此平行,平直或弯曲,连续或不连续(图7c),构成不完整的鲍马序列Tabc和Tbc,含砂率较低,单层厚度一般小于20 cm(图7d)。该岩相发育在低能的环境中,为浊流末期形成的产物。
层状中—细砾岩发育在拉什仲组三段的中上部,该岩相以黄绿色为主(图8),整体呈层状,厚度约12 cm,顶界面为波状(图8b),底界面存在冲刷痕。岩性为砾岩及砂岩,砾岩大部分集中在岩层的底部(图8a),砾石的长轴最小为0.2 mm,最大为10 cm,平均为2~3 cm,分选及磨圆较差,形状为扁球体,少数呈条状、多数呈棱角至次棱角状,砾石的长轴方向大致平行于层面,呈叠瓦状排列,整体呈下粗上细的正旋回特征(图8a)。该岩相形成于高能环境中,为块体搬运沉积的产物(Alves and Cartwright,2010Ogata et al., 2014)。
根据以上岩相及岩相组合的特征,判定研究区为一套典型的重力流沉积。从流体性质来看,岩相A1为深水原地沉积,岩相B1、D3为碎屑流沉积,岩相B2—D2以浊流沉积为主。
通过对研究区8种岩相的类型及叠置样式的观测,共识别出6种岩相组合,并对其成因进行详细分析。
该类岩相组合仅发育在拉什仲组三段的底部。由单独的透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相构成,底部发育水平层理页岩相及侵蚀面,垂向上为正韵律,生物碎片保存较丰富。沉积单元解释为水道轴部沉积。通常由浊流携带高浓度沉积物沿水道轴部高速流动,因流速骤减导致粗粒碎屑优先沉积形成。
此岩相组合发育在拉什仲组三段的底部。自下而上由透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相和水平层理页岩相3种岩相组成,砂岩透镜体的厚度102 cm,宽度13 m,内部有明显的成层构造,沉积单元解释为小尺度的垂向加积水道—堤岸体系。其中水道砂体内部的成层构造显示共经历约16期旋回(图5b),单一旋回的底部为细砂岩,顶部为粉砂岩,水道砂体整体自下而上粒度逐渐变细。水道砂体两侧还发育楔状的溢岸沉积,水道砂体与堤岸之间存在明显的侵蚀面,为浊流经过多期沉积充填、溢岸形成的水道—堤岸体系。
此类岩相组合发育在拉什仲组三段的底部。自下而上由透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相和水平层理页岩相3种岩相组成,沉积单元解释为小尺度的分支水道—堤岸体系(图6a),水道厚度介于20~75 cm,宽度介于0.38~26.80 mm。水道之间彼此相互切割,叠置关系复杂。水道之间存在侵蚀面,且两侧发育楔状的堤岸沉积,楔状堤岸沉积靠水道一侧发育小型交错层理,远离水道一侧发育粒度较细的平行层理,为多期浊流不断切割、分叉和溢岸形成的水道—堤岸体系。
该种岩相组合在整个拉什仲组三段均有发育,但主要发育在拉什仲组三段的中上部。自下而上由层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相和水平层理页岩相组成,整体呈层状,发育粒序层理及平行层理,有的顶部发育波痕,沉积单元解释为近端朵叶(图7b)。砂体的单层厚度大于15 cm,一般介于32~100 cm,含砂率介于75%~92%,是高能沉积环境下形成的近端朵叶沉积体。
岩相组合五在整个拉什仲组三段均有发育,主要发育在拉什仲组三段的中上部。自下而上由层状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相和水平层理页岩相组成,整体呈层状,发育平行层理与交错层理,沉积单元解释为远端朵叶(图7d)。顶面往往发育不同类型的波痕,且多数发育在鲍马序列的Tc段。砂体单层厚度小于15 cm,一般介于2~10 cm,含砂率介于13%~53%。沉积时的水动力弱,为浊流末期形成的含砂率较低的远端朵叶沉积体。
岩相组合六发育在拉什仲组三段的中上部。由单独的层状中—细砾岩相组成,垂向上无明显粒序,分选与磨圆差,但顶部存在小段正粒序,为块体搬运沉积的典型特征(图8)。沉积的厚度较小,延伸距离较远,推断其为中下斜坡(费安玮,2001)、地势较为平坦的远源沉积环境的产物。
拉什仲三段自下而上依次发育轴部沉积、垂向加积水道、分支水道、朵叶、MTD(块状搬运复合体)和朵叶,其中朵叶可进一步分为近端朵叶与远端朵叶。
根据岩性特征、砂岩厚度、平均粒径和砂/泥比,三段下部共呈现出6个粗—细旋回。第一套旋回为第1层,发育轴部沉积,岩性为砾屑灰岩,粒度为砾石级,整体形态呈“U”形,层厚为34和27 cm。第2套旋回为第2~5层,发育垂向加积水道与分支水道。垂向加积水道厚度102 cm,宽度13 m,含砂率90%,两翼发育楔状的溢岸沉积;分支水道厚度为20~75 cm,宽度为0.38~26.80 m,含砂率为67.3%~80%,两翼发育楔状的堤岸沉积。由垂向加积水道到分支水道,水道的规模变小,平均粒径变小,两翼的堤岸的规模也变小。
第3~6套旋回发育朵叶沉积,分别对应6~8层,9~10层,11~12层及13~14层,主要发育岩相D1与D2。4套旋回的厚度分别为124 cm、106 cm、82 cm和89.5 cm,旋回厚度自下而上先减小后增大。
拉什仲组三段中上部共分48层,根据岩性及单层砂岩厚度可进一步分为7套旋回。首先第1套旋回发育约12 cm的块状搬运沉积(第1层),其主要发育岩相D3(图8)。2~7套旋回皆为朵叶沉积(图3),主要发育岩相D1与D2。第2、5套旋回内部的厚层砂岩占比最高,第3、4、6套旋回内部的中层砂岩占比最高,而第7套旋回内部的薄层砂岩占比最高。旋回厚度在垂向上的特征为先减小(第2~4套旋回),再增大(第4~5套旋回),最后减小(第5~7套旋回)。
拉什仲组三段的沉积单元与流体性质的演化与重力流能量的强弱、物源供给和构造作用等密切相关。早期重力流能量高,以碎屑流为主,侵蚀作用强烈,堤岸不发育,发育水道轴部沉积和块状搬运沉积,随着重力流能量的持续减弱,浊流逐渐占主导,依次发育垂向加积水道、分支水道及朵叶。主要依据如下。
(1) 水道轴部沉积发育在三段下部,总体为“U”形,底部发育侵蚀面,两侧堤岸不发育,粒度最粗,砾石呈无序排列;块状搬运复合体沉积发育在三段中上部的底部,总体为层状,厚度较小,岩层底部发育侵蚀面,内部砾石呈叠瓦状排列。二者的岩石颗粒均为砾石级,反映较高的水动力条件,但根据整体形态及内部颗粒特征,综合认为水道轴部沉积的水动力要强于块状搬运复合体沉积。
(2) 垂向加积水道发育在三段下部,在水道轴部沉积的上方,形态为“U”形,内部成层特征明显,单层厚度较大,含砂率较高,主要为鲍马序列的Tab,顶部有少量的Tc,两侧砂质堤岸沉积发育,堤岸规模较大。总体反映浊流的水动力条件较强,但其颗粒粒径相较于轴部沉积更细,认为垂向加积水道反映的水动力条件小于水道轴部沉积的能量。
(3) 分支水道发育在三段下部、垂向加积水道的上方,形态为“U”形,水道厚度、含砂率及平均粒径均小于垂向加积水道,但分选要好于垂向加积水道,主要为鲍马序列的Tabc,Tc的占比增大,两侧发育细砂—粉砂质的堤岸,且堤岸的规模小于垂向加积水道。综合认为分支水道形成时的水动力条件小于垂向加积水道。
(4) 朵叶沉积在拉什仲组三段均有发育,但主要集中在中上部。其中三段下部的朵叶沉积共分了9期,根据单层砂体厚度可将9期朵叶进一步分为4套沉积旋回(图2),从下至上单个旋回厚度的峰值逐渐变小,单个旋回的厚度先减小后增大。单层砂体厚度、平均粒径和含砂率等参数也都具有明显的对应关系(图2)。综合认为朵叶的浊流能量自下而上逐渐降低,末期增强。与分支水道相比粒度较细,分选较好,综合认为三段下部的朵叶沉积的水动力条件要弱于分支水道。三段中上部共发育6套(2~7套旋回)朵叶沉积,根据旋回内部单层砂岩厚度的变化可知,第2、5套朵叶沉积时期的重力流能量最强;第3、4、6套次之;第7套最弱。垂向上反映重力流能量由强到弱(第2~4套旋回)再增强(第4~5套旋回)并达到峰值(第5套旋回),末期减弱(第5~7套旋回)的特征。
(5) 拉什仲组三段中上部第11层古水流的主优势方向与斜坡方向230°相反,推测该沉积时期出现水下高地或古陆块使得浊流反向形成阻塞浊流沉积(李向东和陈海燕,2020b)。
拉什仲组三段整体为水道—朵叶体系,下部垂向加积水道的砂/泥比较高(约90%),分支水道的砂/泥比较低,介于67.3%~80.0%,朵叶的砂/泥比低,介于28.6%~69.1%。而中上部的朵叶沉积砂/泥比较高,介于87.6%~92.3%,由约48.8%增长到89.9%。当砂/泥比较低时,在整个沉积体系中,堤化水道占主导,朵叶体相对不发育(Posamentier and Kolla,2003)。同理,砂/泥比增大时,朵叶体逐渐占主导,而水道相对不发育。三段下部的砂/泥比小于三段中上部,呈现出下部以堤化水道为主体,而中上部以朵叶体为主体。综上,拉什仲组三段从下部到中上部为砂/泥比逐渐增大的过程。
由于深水重力流演化过程的复杂性,相对海平面的升降、物源供给的类型及规模和构造运动等因素对各种类型的水道及朵叶的形态与规模均会有所影响;与此同时,微地貌等因素也会影响重力流水道及朵叶的演化,但其尺度过小,在此不再深入讨论。
(1) 相对海平面升降。拉什仲组三段岩石样品Sr/Ba值在垂向上具有先减小后增大的特征(谈梦婷等,2023),反映相对海平面先升高后降低,表明拉什仲组三段重力流发育的规模先减小后增大,依次表现为垂向加积水道、分支水道及大范围的朵叶沉积。
(2) 物源供给类型及规模。根据交错层理及深水波痕产状恢复数据情况(图23)可判断研究区的物源方向为230°左右,与该时期古陆—斜坡的方位一致(李向东和陈海燕,2020b),表明拉什仲组三段沉积时期的重力流是由东北向西南逐步推进,结合垂向加积水道、分支水道及朵叶的富砂情况,判断物源为东北向的伊盟古陆。而拉什仲组三段下部的砾屑灰岩则可能来自鄂尔多斯古陆的碳酸盐沉积区。垂向加积水道的宽度与厚度、含砂率均大于分支水道;三段中上部朵叶沉积的厚度与含砂率也均大于三段下部,表明垂向加积水道与三段中上部的朵叶物源供给相对充足且更为富砂。
(3) 构造运动。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘在中晚奥陶世处于被动大陆边缘向活动大陆边缘的转换阶段,这一时期形成了以深水浊流沉积为主的沉积体系(李向东等,2023)。在沉积过程中,拉什仲组的沉积受到区域构造运动的影响,由于祁连秦岭洋的闭合和华北洋的开放,鄂尔多斯盆地整体隆升为陆相盆地,但其西部仍保持分水体存在,形成斜坡—盆地的沉积环境(李向东等,2023)。晚奥陶世鄂尔多斯西部的构造变形强度逐渐减弱(晋慧娟等,2005),所以发育尺度较小的水道—朵叶体系。
研究区的重力流沉积整体为水道—朵叶体系(图9),重力流沉积单元的演化与水动力条件的强弱、物源供给及构造运动密切相关。在拉什仲组三段初始沉积时期,爆发的重力流水动力条件较强,以碎屑流为主,侵蚀作用较强,沉积物粒度较粗,在水道底部发育轴部沉积。当重力流能量的减弱浊流开始占主导时,侵蚀作用减弱,沉积作用增强,伴随多期浊流的沉积与充填,发育垂向加积水道。随着浊流能量逐渐降低,依次发育分支水道和朵叶,形成以堤化水道占主导地位的水道—朵叶沉积模式,此时三段下部演化结束。随后在斜坡较为平缓的位置发生小规模但范围较广的滑塌,发育块状搬运沉积,此时为三段中上部的沉积起始阶段;接着,在物源区经历短时间的构造运动,来自伊盟古陆物源的砂/泥比大幅度上升,使得拉什仲组三段中上部发育大规模以朵叶为主导的沉积模式。而且两种模式各自内部的垂向沉积演化也是反映的重力流能量逐渐减小的过程。
(1) 研究区拉什仲组三段的岩性为黄绿色砂岩—粉砂岩、灰绿色泥页岩及少量砾屑灰岩,发育深水泥岩相、透镜状块状层理砾屑灰岩相、透镜状平行层理砂岩—粉砂岩相、透镜状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩、楔状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相、层状粒序层理砂岩—粉砂岩相、层状小型交错层理砂岩—粉砂岩相和层状中—细砾岩相共8种岩相及6种岩相组合。整体为深水的沉积环境,重力流发育。
(2) 根据砂体沉积形态及叠置样式在研究区共划分出6种沉积单元,自下而上分别为水道轴部沉积、垂向加积水道、分支水道、近端朵叶、远端朵叶、块状搬运复合体沉积、近端朵叶及远端朵叶。三段下部为水道轴部沉积—朵叶沉积,共经历了6期旋回;三段中上部为块状搬运复合体沉积—朵叶沉积,共经历了7期旋回。
(3) 重力流的演化与能量、构造运动及物源供给密切相关,重力流暴发初期,碎屑流较活跃,侵蚀作用较强,发育轴部沉积;当重力流能量逐渐减弱,碎屑流逐渐消亡,浊流开始占主导,发育垂向加积水道,随着浊流能量的逐渐降低,依次发育分支水道、近端朵叶和远端朵叶,构造运动可使砂/泥比增大,逐渐演化为朵叶体占主导的沉积现象。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42272115)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42272113)
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2026年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.009
  • 接收时间:2024-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11
  • 修回日期:2025-01-26
  • 录用日期:2025-05-09
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272115)
国家自然科学基金项目(42272115)
国家自然科学基金项目(42272113)
作者信息
    长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100

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何幼斌,男,教授,沉积学,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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