Article(id=1307263802223907235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307263778819690680, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1711900800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-01, revisedDate=1715616000000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-14, acceptedDate=1719936000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-07-03, onlineDate=1789605578237, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605578237, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605578237, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605578237, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307263778819690680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='799', pageEnd='1214', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605572657, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605572657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1198, endPage=1214, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307263802425233828, articleId=1307263802223907235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Characteristics and Reservoir Performance of Continental Organic-Rich Shale Laminae: A case study of the Chang 7 member, Yanchang Formation, southeastern Ordos Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective With the continuous breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration and development technology, shale oil is expected to become an important replacement for traditional petroleum resources.It is of great significance for the exploration and development of shale oil laminae to clarify the development characteristics of shale laminae, quantitative characterization of pore structure, occurrence characteristics of shale oil and oil-bearing properties. Methods The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin was studied for its development characteristics, reservoir performance and the oiliness of different shale types. Thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy and high-pressure mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption were used to classify the types of shale laminae and clarify the diagnostic properties of oil-bearing shale. Results Laminae are developed in silty mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, siltstone, black shale and tuff in the study area. These were found to be macroscopically divided into three types: thick laminated shale (The thickness is between 1-10 cm), medium-thickness laminated shale (The thickness is between 1 mm~1 cm), and thin laminated shale (The thickness is less than 1 mm). Felsic minerals (27.7%-79.0%) and clay minerals (12.0%-63.0%) dominate the mineral composition of the Chang 7 shale laminae, with a small content of carbonate minerals (3.2%-27.0%). Microscopically, depending on the mineral composition, the shale occurs in four layer units (Silty, argillaceous, organic-rich and tuff laminae) and two layer combinations(Combination of highly siliceous laminae and high clay laminae.). Silty laminae have rich pore types, good reservoir physical properties, good pore connectivity, high oil saturation, accounting for 46% of the whole, and good oil-bearing properties; argillaceous and organic-rich laminae have medium physical properties and poor pore connectivity, oil saturation accounts for 32% and 22% of the whole, and the oil-bearing property is poor; The reservoir physical properties and oil-bearing properties of tuff laminae are the worst, and there are few pore structures with good reservoir properties in the study area. The high-clay laminae combination has more nanopores and micropores with small pore size, which have medium reservoir performance and poor oil-bearing properties. The highly siliceous laminae combination has a range of pore sizes and good reservoir performance, and would provide more reservoir space for oil migration and good oil-bearing. Conclusions The combination of silty laminae and highly siliceous laminae is significantly superior to the other laminae types in terms of reservoir space, reservoir performance and oil content. These findings provide an important reference for shale oil evaluation.

, authors=Ying XIAO1, 2, WeiWei ZHAO1, 2, JiaNan WANG1, 2, YuChen LIU1, 2, Hui LI1, 2, Jia WU1, 2, Di YANG1, 2, authorsList=Ying XIAO, WeiWei ZHAO, JiaNan WANG, YuChen LIU, Hui LI, Jia WU, Di YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=WeiWei ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHAO WeiWei, E-mail:
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目的 随着油气勘探开发技术的不断突破,页岩油已成为未来石油资源的重要接替领域。明确页岩纹层的发育特征、孔隙结构定量表征、页岩油赋存特征以及含油性等问题,对纹层型页岩油的勘探开发具有重要意义。 方法 以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段富有机质页岩为研究对象,通过薄片观察、扫描电镜、高压压汞和氮气吸附等实验手段,对长7段页岩层系中不同纹层类型的发育特征、储集性能和含油性进行研究,划分纹层类型,明确页岩油赋存特征。 结果 研究区长7段粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、黑色页岩和凝灰岩中均发育纹层,宏观上根据纹层厚度可划分为厚纹层状页岩(厚度介于1~10 cm)、中纹层状页岩(厚度介于1 mm~1 cm)、薄纹层状页岩(厚度小于1 mm)三种类型。长7段页岩纹层的矿物组成以长英质矿物(27.7%~79.0%)和黏土矿物(12.0%~63.0%)为主,含少量碳酸盐矿物(3.2%~27.0%)。微观上依据矿物组成划分为四种纹层单元(粉砂质纹层、泥质纹层、富有机质纹层、凝灰质纹层)和两类纹层组合(高黏土质纹层组合、高硅质纹层组合)。粉砂质纹层孔隙类型丰富,储集物性较好,孔隙连通性较好,含油饱和度较高,占整体的46%,含油性好;泥质纹层和富有机质纹层储集物性中等,孔隙连通性较差,含油饱和度分别占整体的32%和22%,含油性较差;凝灰质纹层的储集物性和含油性最差,在研究区发育较少且不发育储集性能好的孔隙结构。高黏土质纹层组合中发育较多孔径较小的纳米孔和微米孔,储集性能中等,含油性较差;高硅质纹层孔径分布范围广,储集性能较好,能够为页岩油运移提供更充足的储集空间,含油性较好。 结论 粉砂质纹层和高硅质纹层组合在储集空间类型、储集性能及含油性等方面明显优于其他纹层,该认识可为页岩油评价提供重要参考。

, authors=肖颖1, 2, 赵卫卫1, 2, 王嘉楠1, 2, 刘钰晨1, 2, 李慧1, 2, 吴佳1, 2, 杨迪1, 2, authorsList=肖颖, 赵卫卫, 王嘉楠, 刘钰晨, 李慧, 吴佳, 杨迪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵卫卫, authorNote=

肖颖,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,非常规油气地质与勘探,E-mail:

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赵卫卫,男,副教授,E-mail:
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肖颖,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,非常规油气地质与勘探,E-mail:

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肖颖,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,非常规油气地质与勘探,E-mail:

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AAPG Bulletin, 96(6): 1071-1098., articleTitle=Spectrum of pore types and networks in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrock pores, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307263812357345825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, awardId=2017ZX05039-001-002, language=EN, fundingSource=National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05039-001-002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307263812432843298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, awardId=2017ZX05039-001-002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05039-001-002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307263812512535075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, awardId=YCS23214220, language=EN, fundingSource=Innovation and Practical Ability Training Program of Xi’an Shiyou University(YCS23214220), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307263812571255332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, awardId=YCS23214220, language=CN, fundingSource=西安石油大学创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS23214220), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307263805143142848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307263805164114369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, companyId=1307263805143142848, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307263805168308674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, companyId=1307263805143142848, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安 710065)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307263805256389059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307263805264777668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, companyId=1307263805256389059, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307263805273166277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, companyId=1307263805256389059, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安 710065)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307263807986881020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic units division of the Ordos Basin (a) and stratigraphic development of the Yanchang Formation (b), figureFileSmall=3z6eGRXlECSpkZg/451L8g==, figureFileBig=LuA1Tod+Dd4CjrqUpb414Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808053989885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分(a)及延长组地层发育特征(b), figureFileSmall=3z6eGRXlECSpkZg/451L8g==, figureFileBig=LuA1Tod+Dd4CjrqUpb414Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808234344958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Photographs of shale cores in the Chang 7 member

(a) thickly laminated shale, well YY22, 1 338.80 m; (b) thickly laminated shale, well YY22, 1 291.62 m; (c) thickly laminated shale, well FY3, 1 293.00 m; (d) medium-laminated shale, well YY1, 1 316.30 m; (e) medium-laminated shale, well YY1, 1 393.35 m; (f) medium-laminated shale, well YY22, 1 283.80 m; (g) thin-laminated shale, well YY1, 1 331.26 m; (h) thin-laminated shale, well YY1, 1 229.85 m; (i) thin-laminated shale, well YY1, 1 339.80 m

, figureFileSmall=gveLS5QyIovZ8rqHJmASQw==, figureFileBig=FYZNMvTTh96BQq2DOL5yRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808293065215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图2, caption=长7段页岩岩心照片

(a)厚纹层状页岩,YY22井,1 338.80 m;(b)厚纹层状页岩,YY22井,1 291.62 m;(c)厚纹层状页岩,FY3井,1 293.00 m;(d)中纹层状页岩,YY1井,1 316.30 m;(e)中纹层状页岩,YY1井,1 393.35 m;(f)中纹层状页岩,YY22井,1 283.80 m;(g)薄纹层状页岩,YY1井,1 331.26 m;(h)薄纹层状页岩,YY1井,1 229.85 m;(i)薄纹层状页岩,YY1井,1 339.80 m

, figureFileSmall=gveLS5QyIovZ8rqHJmASQw==, figureFileBig=FYZNMvTTh96BQq2DOL5yRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808368562688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comprehensive analysis of well YY22, figureFileSmall=tVGQ2u49QAQ0zWbtTilIwA==, figureFileBig=ivMACrOKarkzHw9wO15Owg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808444060161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图3, caption=YY22井单井综合分析图, figureFileSmall=tVGQ2u49QAQ0zWbtTilIwA==, figureFileBig=ivMACrOKarkzHw9wO15Owg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808515363330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Photomicrographs of shale laminae types in the Chang 7 member

(a) flat silty laminae, cross-bedding, well YY22; (b) flat silty laminae, weakly parallel bedding, well YY8; (c) wavy silty laminae (An et al., 2023); (d) argillaceous laminae, well YY1; (e) argillaceous laminae, well YY1; (f) organic⁃rich laminae, continuous distribution of organic matter strips, well YY18; (g) organic laminae, well YY1; (h) tuffaceous striatum; (i) tuffaceous laminae (An et al., 2023)

, figureFileSmall=XJGZKyO4Q9o2qwC1Av9hSw==, figureFileBig=/spW6wrKTR9mnZRxalULlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808603443716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图4, caption=长7段页岩纹层类型

(a)平直状粉砂质纹层,交错层理,YY22井;(b)平直状粉砂质纹层,弱平行层理,YY8井;(c)波纹状粉砂质纹层(安成等, 2023);(d)泥质纹层,YY1井;(e)泥质纹层,YY1井;(f)富有机质纹层,有机质条状连续分布,YY18井;(g)有机质纹层,YY1井;(h)凝灰质纹层;(i)凝灰质纹层(安成等, 2023

, figureFileSmall=XJGZKyO4Q9o2qwC1Av9hSw==, figureFileBig=/spW6wrKTR9mnZRxalULlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808683135493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Shale laminae and combination types of the Chang 7 member

(a) highly siliceous laminae; (b) highly siliceous laminae; (c) high clay-content laminae; (d) high clay-content laminae combination with a small amount of silty laminae and tuffaceous laminae

, figureFileSmall=Q/VBVc3yYQtMPhSly846OQ==, figureFileBig=tyHMIpcOPWBRPgEPgVgq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808746050054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图5, caption=长7段页岩纹层组合类型

(a)高硅质纹层组合(b)高硅质纹层组合(c)高黏土质纹层组合(d)高黏土质纹层组合,夹少量粉砂质纹层和凝灰质纹层

, figureFileSmall=Q/VBVc3yYQtMPhSly846OQ==, figureFileBig=tyHMIpcOPWBRPgEPgVgq5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808808964615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Diffuse⁃point diagram of shale laminae in Chang 7 member, figureFileSmall=Usz+JKmxAQNLQgBRsSUDIA==, figureFileBig=jcVmqLvJDpUNE6avsgcHUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808901239304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图6, caption=长7段页岩纹层孔渗散点图, figureFileSmall=Usz+JKmxAQNLQgBRsSUDIA==, figureFileBig=jcVmqLvJDpUNE6avsgcHUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263808964153865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Pore types of shale laminae in the Chang 7 member

(a) silty laminae with interphase distribution of feldspar, quartz, clay minerals, etc.; (b) silty laminae with occasional pores in quartz clastic particles; (c) silty laminae with intergranular pores in clay minerals; (d) silty laminae with solution pores in potassium feldspar particles along the laminae; (e) silty laminae with tectonic fractures; (f) silty laminae. illite/smectite mixed layer intercrystalline pores; (g) argillaceous laminae with lamellar illite aggregate interlaminar seams; (h) argillaceous laminae with illite intercrystalline pores; (i) organic-rich laminae with strawberry pyrite intercrystalline layers; (j) tuffaceous laminae, strawberry pyrite intercrystalline pores; Some intergranular pores filled with organic matter; (k) tuffaceous laminae with organic matter in pores; (l) organic-rich laminae with organic matter contraction cracks

, figureFileSmall=pl9s6AORmR1KPaXVldG88Q==, figureFileBig=JzD2aWvwiEwz5RNWVU7osw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809039651338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图7, caption=长7段页岩纹层孔隙类型

(a)粉砂质纹层,长石、石英、黏土矿物等相间分布;(b)粉砂质纹层,石英碎屑颗粒发育少量孔隙;(c)粉砂质纹层,黏土矿物晶间孔;(d)粉砂质纹层,顺层分布的钾长石颗粒发育溶蚀孔;(e)粉砂质纹层,构造裂缝;(f)泥质纹层,伊/蒙混层晶间孔;(g)泥质纹层,片层状伊利石集合体发育层间缝;(h)泥质纹层,伊利石晶间孔;(i)富有机质纹层,草莓状黄铁矿发育晶间;(j)凝灰质纹层,草莓状黄铁矿发育晶间孔,部分晶间孔被有机质充填;(k)凝灰质纹层,有机质发育孔隙;(l)富有机质纹层,有机质收缩缝

, figureFileSmall=pl9s6AORmR1KPaXVldG88Q==, figureFileBig=JzD2aWvwiEwz5RNWVU7osw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809110954507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Advance⁃retreat mercury curves of shale laminae in the Chang 7 member

(a) silty laminae, well YY1, 1 304.5 m; (b) argillaceous laminae, well YY22, 1 329.8 m; (c) organic-rich laminae, well YY22, 1 343.5 m; (d) high clay laminae combination, well YY22, 1 294.1 m; (e) high siliceous laminae combination, well YY1, 1 364.5 m

, figureFileSmall=/7ImEfrWtI3y3E3cxMl1Uw==, figureFileBig=8XrpY/SMXoOtHlKPEE5PIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809186451980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图8, caption=长7段页岩纹层进—退汞曲线

(a)粉砂质纹层,YY1井,1 304.5 m;(b)泥质纹层,YY22井,1 329.8 m;(c)富有机质纹层,YY22井,1 343.5 m;(d)高黏土质纹层组合,YY22井,1 294.1 m;(e)高硅质纹层组合,YY1井,1 364.5 m

, figureFileSmall=/7ImEfrWtI3y3E3cxMl1Uw==, figureFileBig=8XrpY/SMXoOtHlKPEE5PIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809257755149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Pore volume variation rate for different lamination types in the Chang 7 member

(a) rich-organic laminae, well YY22, 1 343.5 m; (b) argillaceous laminae, well YY22, 1 329.8 m; (c) silty laminae, well YY1, 1 304.5 m

, figureFileSmall=HkBzeUeSe2zNghErxtUNWg==, figureFileBig=An+jEclvC5FwiyubsPKq9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809345835534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图9, caption=长7段不同纹层类型孔体积变化率分布

(a)富有机质纹层,YY22井,1 343.5 m;(b)泥质纹层,YY22井,1 329.8 m;(c)粉砂质纹层,YY1井,1 304.5m

, figureFileSmall=HkBzeUeSe2zNghErxtUNWg==, figureFileBig=An+jEclvC5FwiyubsPKq9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809417138703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=N2 Adsorption⁃desorption characteristics and pore size distribution of shale laminae in the Chang 7 member

(a1-a3)silty laminae, well YY22, 1 313.2 m; (b1-b3) argillaceous laminae, well YY22, 1 329.8 m; (c1-c3) organic-rich laminae, well YY8, 1 450.0 m; (d1-d3) high clay laminae combination, well YY22, 1 294.1 m; (e1-e3) high siliceous laminae combination, well YY22, 1 283.0 m

, figureFileSmall=ZERE2ma/ra/zwrV4321rTg==, figureFileBig=vyZTJpzvzg0tOs0xoPqQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809471664656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图10, caption=长7段页岩纹层N2吸附—脱附特征及孔径分布

(a1~a3)粉砂质纹层,YY22井,1 313.2 m;(b1~b3)泥质纹层,YY22井,1 329.8 m;(c1~c3)富有机质纹层,YY8井,1 450.0 m;(d1~d3)高黏土质纹层组合,YY22井,1 294.1 m;(e1~e3)高硅质纹层组合,YY22井,1 283.0 m

, figureFileSmall=ZERE2ma/ra/zwrV4321rTg==, figureFileBig=vyZTJpzvzg0tOs0xoPqQOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809538773521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Shale oil occurrence space of the Chang 7 member

(a) shale oil adsorbed in primary intergranular pores; (b) intergranular pores filled with crude oil (F. feldspar, Q. quartz); (c) EDS spectrum and elemental weight percentage of oil droplets in dissolution pores; (d) oil stains in dissolution pores; (e) EDS spectra and elemental weight percentage of oil droplets in dissolution pores; (f) oil stains in dissolution pores; (g) asphalt-filled cracks; (h) oil-soaked organic matter micropores; (i) clay mineral intergranular pores

, figureFileSmall=AVJQC+Y7iuDQLydf45qGEQ==, figureFileBig=wM1xnKmygD1xbrkPvLHflg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809614270994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图11, caption=长7段页岩油赋存空间

(a)页岩油吸附于原生粒间孔;(b)粒间孔被原油充注(F.长石,Q.石英);(c)(b)中油滴的EDS能谱及元素重量百分比;(d)溶蚀孔中见油迹;(e)(d)中油滴的EDS能谱及元素重量百分比;(f)溶蚀孔中见油迹;(g)裂缝被沥青充填;(h)油浸有机质微孔;(i)黏土矿物晶间孔

, figureFileSmall=AVJQC+Y7iuDQLydf45qGEQ==, figureFileBig=wM1xnKmygD1xbrkPvLHflg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809677185555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Comprehensive evaluation of oil⁃bearing properties in different laminae of the Chang 7 member, well YY22, figureFileSmall=aww9ILWrcCRcSCHunGlt3g==, figureFileBig=TkVMOe/cKzvSZCRFK4SW/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809748488724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图12, caption=YY22井长7段页岩层不同纹层含油性综合评价图, figureFileSmall=aww9ILWrcCRcSCHunGlt3g==, figureFileBig=TkVMOe/cKzvSZCRFK4SW/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809815597589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Short⁃distance migration and evolution of liquid hydrocarbon between laminae, figureFileSmall=QaeBNpjtbV1TiwU6+MeTsA==, figureFileBig=dy0NvfkfGycL5AttXBae6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809886900758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=图13, caption=液态烃在纹层间短距离运移模式图, figureFileSmall=QaeBNpjtbV1TiwU6+MeTsA==, figureFileBig=dy0NvfkfGycL5AttXBae6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263809945621015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Classification scheme of laminae structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者年份划分依据类型特征
Ingram(邹才能等, 2013)1954厚度极薄纹层<3 mm
薄纹层3~1 cm
中纹层1~3 cm
刘国恒等(刘国恒等,2015)2015矿物组成亮层颗粒粗大,分布较集中
暗层颗粒细小,分布较分散
葸克来等(葸克来等,2020)2020矿物组成黏土纹层泥质碎屑结构,由黏土矿物和少量的极细粉砂组成
粉砂级长英质纹层粉砂级碎屑结构,少量分散状分布的有机质碎片,颗粒主要为钾长石
富有机质纹层有机质含量高,并呈连续水平层状分布,矿物成分主要为伊利石
富凝灰质纹层以火山凝灰物质为主,近水平层状分布,含断续状有机质 条带和分散状有机质碎片
华柑霖等(华柑霖等,2021)2021纹层形态水平等厚纹层结构“两分性”特征,发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层、长英质与碳酸盐纹层
透镜体纹层结构发育黄铁矿透镜体,内部见有机质及孔隙
水平不等厚纹层结构发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层厚度变薄,而长英质与碳酸盐纹层厚度相对稳定
水平—小型波纹状纹层结构发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层、石英与碳酸盐纹层,发育小型碳酸盐透镜体
管全中等(管全中等,2022)2022矿物组分硅质纹层颜色为白色、灰白色,矿物组成以石英为主
钙质纹层纹层呈明显的浅色,与周围暗色条纹对比鲜明,含少量的石英和黏土矿物
黏土质纹层呈褐色、灰色和灰黑色,由黏土矿物和少量中泥颗粒内碎屑组成
安成等(安成等,2023)2023沉积构造形态有机质纹层灰黑色、黑色,与黏土质纹层呈渐变接触,界限不明显
平直型纹层亮暗交替,纹层的横向连续性好,厚度变化均一
波纹型纹层连续发育的波浪状,纹层间距离变化波动大,多见波状层理、透镜状组构
粒序型纹层同平直型纹层类似,亮暗间厚度变化大,粒度变化突出
透镜状纹层透镜体在纹层内部轮廓清晰,多定向排列
斑状纹层纹层之间界限模糊,成层性差,形状不规则
弱纹层纹层特征不明显,纹层横向连续性极差,纹层间界限模糊
), ArticleFig(id=1307263810054672920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纹层结构分类方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者年份划分依据类型特征
Ingram(邹才能等, 2013)1954厚度极薄纹层<3 mm
薄纹层3~1 cm
中纹层1~3 cm
刘国恒等(刘国恒等,2015)2015矿物组成亮层颗粒粗大,分布较集中
暗层颗粒细小,分布较分散
葸克来等(葸克来等,2020)2020矿物组成黏土纹层泥质碎屑结构,由黏土矿物和少量的极细粉砂组成
粉砂级长英质纹层粉砂级碎屑结构,少量分散状分布的有机质碎片,颗粒主要为钾长石
富有机质纹层有机质含量高,并呈连续水平层状分布,矿物成分主要为伊利石
富凝灰质纹层以火山凝灰物质为主,近水平层状分布,含断续状有机质 条带和分散状有机质碎片
华柑霖等(华柑霖等,2021)2021纹层形态水平等厚纹层结构“两分性”特征,发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层、长英质与碳酸盐纹层
透镜体纹层结构发育黄铁矿透镜体,内部见有机质及孔隙
水平不等厚纹层结构发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层厚度变薄,而长英质与碳酸盐纹层厚度相对稳定
水平—小型波纹状纹层结构发育黏土矿物与有机质纹层、石英与碳酸盐纹层,发育小型碳酸盐透镜体
管全中等(管全中等,2022)2022矿物组分硅质纹层颜色为白色、灰白色,矿物组成以石英为主
钙质纹层纹层呈明显的浅色,与周围暗色条纹对比鲜明,含少量的石英和黏土矿物
黏土质纹层呈褐色、灰色和灰黑色,由黏土矿物和少量中泥颗粒内碎屑组成
安成等(安成等,2023)2023沉积构造形态有机质纹层灰黑色、黑色,与黏土质纹层呈渐变接触,界限不明显
平直型纹层亮暗交替,纹层的横向连续性好,厚度变化均一
波纹型纹层连续发育的波浪状,纹层间距离变化波动大,多见波状层理、透镜状组构
粒序型纹层同平直型纹层类似,亮暗间厚度变化大,粒度变化突出
透镜状纹层透镜体在纹层内部轮廓清晰,多定向排列
斑状纹层纹层之间界限模糊,成层性差,形状不规则
弱纹层纹层特征不明显,纹层横向连续性极差,纹层间界限模糊
), ArticleFig(id=1307263810134364697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

X⁃ray diffraction (whole rock) results of shale in the Chang 7 member

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物成分含量/%石英钾长石斜长石方解石白云石菱铁矿黄铁矿黏土矿物
平均值20.859.6818.661.443.312.533.7439.79
最小值11.0003.00000012.00
最大值43.9023.0057.0011.0012.309.0014.0063.00
), ArticleFig(id=1307263810222445082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

长7段页岩X射线衍射(全岩)结果统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物成分含量/%石英钾长石斜长石方解石白云石菱铁矿黄铁矿黏土矿物
平均值20.859.6818.661.443.312.533.7439.79
最小值11.0003.00000012.00
最大值43.9023.0057.0011.0012.309.0014.0063.00
), ArticleFig(id=1307263811891778075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mineral composition distribution of different laminae in the Chang 7 member

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物成分含量%长英质黏土矿物黄铁矿碳酸盐岩
粉砂质纹层64.2022.601.5012.00
泥质纹层53.9634.481.204.84
富有机质纹层44.0041.884.5012.29
凝灰质纹层46.9840.583.6410.36
), ArticleFig(id=1307263811958886940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

长7段不同纹层矿物组成分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
矿物成分含量%长英质黏土矿物黄铁矿碳酸盐岩
粉砂质纹层64.2022.601.5012.00
泥质纹层53.9634.481.204.84
富有机质纹层44.0041.884.5012.29
凝灰质纹层46.9840.583.6410.36
), ArticleFig(id=1307263812046967325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Proportion of pore types in different laminae of the Chang 7 member

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纹层类型无机孔/%有机孔/%裂缝/%
粒间孔/%晶间孔/%溶蚀孔/%合计/%
粉砂质纹层35.210.427.673.21.725.1
泥质纹层26.446.24.977.56.216.3
富有机质纹层5.027.51.333.847.618.6
凝灰质纹层10.128.82.541.442.116.5
), ArticleFig(id=1307263812122464798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

长7段不同纹层孔隙类型占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纹层类型无机孔/%有机孔/%裂缝/%
粒间孔/%晶间孔/%溶蚀孔/%合计/%
粉砂质纹层35.210.427.673.21.725.1
泥质纹层26.446.24.977.56.216.3
富有机质纹层5.027.51.333.847.618.6
凝灰质纹层10.128.82.541.442.116.5
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Partial laminae pore volume of the Chang 7 member

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样品号类型孔体积/(10-3 cm3·g-1占总孔比例/%
微孔中孔大孔总孔容微孔中孔大孔
1粉砂质纹层1.24.110.816.122969
2泥质纹层2.95.95.214.0214237
3富有机质纹层2.96.11.710.7275716
4高黏土质纹层1.79.75.817.2105634
5高硅质纹层1.24.53.69.3134839
6粉砂质纹层0.39.78.018.025444
7泥质纹层3.09.64.417.0175330
8富有机质纹层3.08.91.413.3236711
9高黏土质纹层1.58.06.015.5105238
10高硅质纹层2.03.23.48.6243739
), ArticleFig(id=1307263812269265440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263802223907235, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

长7段部分纹层孔体积统计表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品号类型孔体积/(10-3 cm3·g-1占总孔比例/%
微孔中孔大孔总孔容微孔中孔大孔
1粉砂质纹层1.24.110.816.122969
2泥质纹层2.95.95.214.0214237
3富有机质纹层2.96.11.710.7275716
4高黏土质纹层1.79.75.817.2105634
5高硅质纹层1.24.53.69.3134839
6粉砂质纹层0.39.78.018.025444
7泥质纹层3.09.64.417.0175330
8富有机质纹层3.08.91.413.3236711
9高黏土质纹层1.58.06.015.5105238
10高硅质纹层2.03.23.48.6243739
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陆相富有机质页岩纹层特征及其储集性能
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肖颖 1, 2 , 赵卫卫 1, 2 , 王嘉楠 1, 2 , 刘钰晨 1, 2 , 李慧 1, 2 , 吴佳 1, 2 , 杨迪 1, 2
沉积学报 | 2026,44(3): 1198-1214
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (3) : 1198 -1214
陆相富有机质页岩纹层特征及其储集性能
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肖颖,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,非常规油气地质与勘探,E-mail:

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肖颖1, 2 , 赵卫卫1, 2 , 王嘉楠1, 2, 刘钰晨1, 2, 李慧1, 2, 吴佳1, 2, 杨迪1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安 710065
  • 2.西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安 710065
通讯作者:
赵卫卫,男,副教授,E-mail:
作者简介:

肖颖,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,非常规油气地质与勘探,E-mail:

Characteristics and Reservoir Performance of Continental Organic-Rich Shale Laminae: A case study of the Chang 7 member, Yanchang Formation, southeastern Ordos Basin
Ying XIAO1, 2 , WeiWei ZHAO1, 2 , JiaNan WANG1, 2, YuChen LIU1, 2, Hui LI1, 2, Jia WU1, 2, Di YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Earth Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHAO WeiWei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.071
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目的 随着油气勘探开发技术的不断突破,页岩油已成为未来石油资源的重要接替领域。明确页岩纹层的发育特征、孔隙结构定量表征、页岩油赋存特征以及含油性等问题,对纹层型页岩油的勘探开发具有重要意义。 方法 以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段富有机质页岩为研究对象,通过薄片观察、扫描电镜、高压压汞和氮气吸附等实验手段,对长7段页岩层系中不同纹层类型的发育特征、储集性能和含油性进行研究,划分纹层类型,明确页岩油赋存特征。 结果 研究区长7段粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、黑色页岩和凝灰岩中均发育纹层,宏观上根据纹层厚度可划分为厚纹层状页岩(厚度介于1~10 cm)、中纹层状页岩(厚度介于1 mm~1 cm)、薄纹层状页岩(厚度小于1 mm)三种类型。长7段页岩纹层的矿物组成以长英质矿物(27.7%~79.0%)和黏土矿物(12.0%~63.0%)为主,含少量碳酸盐矿物(3.2%~27.0%)。微观上依据矿物组成划分为四种纹层单元(粉砂质纹层、泥质纹层、富有机质纹层、凝灰质纹层)和两类纹层组合(高黏土质纹层组合、高硅质纹层组合)。粉砂质纹层孔隙类型丰富,储集物性较好,孔隙连通性较好,含油饱和度较高,占整体的46%,含油性好;泥质纹层和富有机质纹层储集物性中等,孔隙连通性较差,含油饱和度分别占整体的32%和22%,含油性较差;凝灰质纹层的储集物性和含油性最差,在研究区发育较少且不发育储集性能好的孔隙结构。高黏土质纹层组合中发育较多孔径较小的纳米孔和微米孔,储集性能中等,含油性较差;高硅质纹层孔径分布范围广,储集性能较好,能够为页岩油运移提供更充足的储集空间,含油性较好。 结论 粉砂质纹层和高硅质纹层组合在储集空间类型、储集性能及含油性等方面明显优于其他纹层,该认识可为页岩油评价提供重要参考。

鄂尔多斯盆地  /  富有机质页岩  /  纹层  /  纹层组合  /  储集性能  /  含油性

Objective With the continuous breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration and development technology, shale oil is expected to become an important replacement for traditional petroleum resources.It is of great significance for the exploration and development of shale oil laminae to clarify the development characteristics of shale laminae, quantitative characterization of pore structure, occurrence characteristics of shale oil and oil-bearing properties. Methods The organic-rich shale of the Chang 7 member of Yanchang Formation in the southeastern Ordos Basin was studied for its development characteristics, reservoir performance and the oiliness of different shale types. Thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy and high-pressure mercury intrusion and nitrogen adsorption were used to classify the types of shale laminae and clarify the diagnostic properties of oil-bearing shale. Results Laminae are developed in silty mudstone, argillaceous siltstone, siltstone, black shale and tuff in the study area. These were found to be macroscopically divided into three types: thick laminated shale (The thickness is between 1-10 cm), medium-thickness laminated shale (The thickness is between 1 mm~1 cm), and thin laminated shale (The thickness is less than 1 mm). Felsic minerals (27.7%-79.0%) and clay minerals (12.0%-63.0%) dominate the mineral composition of the Chang 7 shale laminae, with a small content of carbonate minerals (3.2%-27.0%). Microscopically, depending on the mineral composition, the shale occurs in four layer units (Silty, argillaceous, organic-rich and tuff laminae) and two layer combinations(Combination of highly siliceous laminae and high clay laminae.). Silty laminae have rich pore types, good reservoir physical properties, good pore connectivity, high oil saturation, accounting for 46% of the whole, and good oil-bearing properties; argillaceous and organic-rich laminae have medium physical properties and poor pore connectivity, oil saturation accounts for 32% and 22% of the whole, and the oil-bearing property is poor; The reservoir physical properties and oil-bearing properties of tuff laminae are the worst, and there are few pore structures with good reservoir properties in the study area. The high-clay laminae combination has more nanopores and micropores with small pore size, which have medium reservoir performance and poor oil-bearing properties. The highly siliceous laminae combination has a range of pore sizes and good reservoir performance, and would provide more reservoir space for oil migration and good oil-bearing. Conclusions The combination of silty laminae and highly siliceous laminae is significantly superior to the other laminae types in terms of reservoir space, reservoir performance and oil content. These findings provide an important reference for shale oil evaluation.

Ordos Basin  /  organic-rich shale  /  laminae  /  laminae combination  /  reservoir performance  /  oiliness
肖颖, 赵卫卫, 王嘉楠, 刘钰晨, 李慧, 吴佳, 杨迪. 陆相富有机质页岩纹层特征及其储集性能. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (3) : 1198 -1214 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.071
Ying XIAO, WeiWei ZHAO, JiaNan WANG, YuChen LIU, Hui LI, Jia WU, Di YANG. Characteristics and Reservoir Performance of Continental Organic-Rich Shale Laminae: A case study of the Chang 7 member, Yanchang Formation, southeastern Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (3) : 1198 -1214 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.071
中国陆相页岩油资源潜力巨大,在全球能源结构中扮演重要角色(邹才能等,2013付金华等,2020)。近年来,中国陆续在渤海湾盆地古近系沙河街组和孔店组、准噶尔盆地二叠系芦草沟组、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段和四川盆地龙马溪组等主要陆相沉积盆地的页岩油勘探中取得了重大突破(金之钧等,2023)。中国陆相湖盆物源丰富、沉积速率较快、岩石类型复杂,因此形成的富有机质页岩微观结构更为复杂(邹才能,2013)。近年来,众多学者研究发现富有机质页岩纹层中发育的有机孔隙、粒间孔隙及颗粒孔隙可以有效储集油气,这成为油气勘探开发的新领域(吴松涛等,2015陈扬等,2022)。
富有机质页岩中,纹层是可肉眼识别的基本沉积单元结构,纹层结构对储层品质与页岩油评价具有重要影响(吴松涛等,2022)。鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩纹层纵向上分布不均,顶部纹层出现频率相对较低,底部出现频率较高、平均厚度较小,颜色以黑色、灰黑色和灰白色为主,通常包含黏土矿物、长英质矿物、碳酸盐矿物和有机质等成分。部分学者研究表明,不同纹层单元在结构上具有显著差异,使得页岩储层储集空间类型复杂多样(杨潇等,2015;王香增等,2016;师良等,2018)。但前人研究对陆相页岩沉积结构和页岩孔隙结构定量表征的关系存在认识不足、缺少系统的测试分析等问题。例如:王冠民和钟建华(2004)认为页岩沉积受气候的影响,按不同季节分别形成不连续的纹层,施振生等(2020)以有机质含量15%作为分类标准,对泥质纹层和砂质纹层进行区分,但均未对不同纹层的沉积特征和储集性能的关系进行深入探讨;刘国恒等(2015)从储集性能的角度分析,指出纹层的发育能够更好地改善储层物性,但对不同孔隙结构储集能力的认识不足;金之钧等(2021)仅提出了在纹层结构的影响下,页岩的水平渗透率高,同样存在对孔隙结构认识不足的问题。
综上,有必要对页岩纹层单元和纹层组合的发育特征、孔隙结构定量表征、页岩油赋存特征对比以及含油性等方面进行深入研究。因此,在前人相关研究的基础上,本文以鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段富有机质页岩为主要研究对象,通过薄片观察,以矿物组分为依据划分纹层类型,明确纹层类型和纹层组合及其发育特征,结合高压压汞和氮气吸附实验分析孔隙结构特征,对各类纹层单元及纹层组合的储集性能、页岩油赋存特征及含油性进行探讨,为深化页岩油富集规律以及纹层型页岩油勘探开发提供理论依据。
鄂尔多斯盆地是内陆河湖相多旋回沉积盆地,发育于古生代华北克拉通盆地基础之上叠合的中生代三叠纪—早白垩世,晚三叠世时期为巨型坳陷型盆地,油气资源禀赋巨大。研究区位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东南部,区域构造形态不对称,整体表现为东部宽缓、西翼狭窄。地质条件复杂多样,非均质特征明显,体现在页岩纹层和储集类型多样等方面(图1)。
延长组地层剖面展露好、发育较完整,是我国陆相三叠纪地层的代表。研究区页岩整体发育于深湖—半深湖沉积环境,水体深度整体上由西南向东北方向逐渐变浅,展布范围由长73亚段到长71亚段逐渐变小。长7沉积期,湖盆发育达到鼎盛,面积达到10×104 km2以上,富有机质页岩分布稳定,且动植物化石丰富,黄铁矿晶体或结合普遍分布(陈全红等,2007张文正等,2011)。鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组长7段发育优质的富有机质页岩,具有分布范围广、生烃条件好、有机质丰度高、储集空间发育等特点,是非常规油气勘探的重要层系,也是中国页岩油勘探和开发的主阵地。
根据前人关于纹层类型的分类方案(表1),本文从宏观尺度和微观尺度分别对研究区纹层类型进行划分,对纹层组合类型及其特征进行总结。
基于露头观察发现延长组页岩层系发育粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、黑色页岩及少量凝灰岩,结构构造复杂,纹层的发育频率在纵向上展现出较强的非均质性。通过岩心观测及成像测井资料对延长组长7段宏观尺度上的纹层结构进行研究,结果表明,长7段页岩自上而下发育三种不同的纹层类型,分别为厚纹层状、中纹层状和薄纹层状。厚纹层状主要发育在灰黑色泥岩和黑色页岩中,厚度介于1~10 cm,纹层结构发育较弱(图2a~c);中纹层状主要发育在泥岩和粉砂质泥岩中,单个纹层厚度较大,多数介于1 mm~1 cm(图2d~f);薄纹层状主要发育在泥质粉砂岩和粉砂岩中,纹层结构多呈平直型或波状,厚度小于1 mm(图2g~i)。统计FY3井、YY1井和YY22井长7段共计97块岩心样品的纹层发育特征,共发育纹层401条,其中厚纹层状发育44条,中纹层状发育110条,薄纹层状发育247条。如图3所示,该段上部主要发育灰黑色粉砂质泥岩和灰白色泥质粉砂岩,层理发育,其间肉眼可见大量粉砂质纹层和泥质纹层,纹层厚度以薄纹层状为主,含少量厚纹层状和中纹层状纹层,厚度介于0.1 mm~3.0 cm;下部主要发育中纹层状黑色页岩,夹少量褐色薄纹层状凝灰岩,黏土矿物含量高,多沿层理定向排列,纹层厚度介于0.1 mm~1.5 cm。
对研究区长7段页岩进行矿物组成分析,结果表明,延长组长7段页岩矿物组成以长英质(石英、长石)和黏土矿物为主,含有少量碳酸盐矿物(方解石、白云石、菱铁矿)和黄铁矿。其中长英质含量介于27.70%~79.00%,平均值为50.75%;黏土矿物含量介于12.00%~63.00%,平均值为37.23%;碳酸盐矿物含量介于3.20%~27.00%,平均值为9.79%;黄铁矿含量介于0~14.00%,平均值为3.74%(表2)。
1) 粉砂质纹层
水动力较强的环境下发育较多粉砂质纹层,该纹层在单偏光下颜色较浅,单层厚度一般小于3 mm,形态特征多为平直状(图4a,b)和波纹状(俞雨溪,2013)(图4c)。页岩中粉砂质纹层的长英质含量相对较高(表3),黏土矿物含量较低,成分主要包括碎屑颗粒和填隙物,碎屑成分主要为石英、长石和云母。该纹层广泛发育于长7段粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩中(图3)。
2) 泥质纹层
泥质纹层在显微镜下呈深褐色、灰黑色(图4d,e),呈平直状或小型波浪状分布,横向连续性较差,纹层边界较清晰,单层厚度介于0.10~3.00 mm。纹层内含有少量极细粉砂,黏土矿物和长英质含量较高(表3),矿物组成以伊蒙混层和伊利石为主,可见少量分选性较好的石英以及其他碎屑矿物。该纹层在整个长7段页岩中广泛发育(图3)。
3) 富有机质纹层
富有机质纹层在单偏光下主要为深黑色和深褐色,多与黏土质矿物形成明显的纹层特征(图4f,g),单层厚度介于0.10~5.00 mm。矿物组成以黏土矿物和长英质为主,黄铁矿含量在四种纹层中最高(表3),纹层内部可见大量草莓状黄铁矿顺层分布。该纹层的连续性、厚度与发育比例较高,纹层边界清晰,连续性较好。该纹层在长72、长73亚段黑色页岩中广泛发育(图3)。
4) 凝灰质纹层
凝灰质纹层形成于火山强烈活动时期,以灰白色—黄褐色凝灰岩、泥质凝灰岩为主,内部有机质条带呈断续状分布、有机质碎片呈分散状分布(图4h,i)。纹层的形态上多为平直型,单层厚度主要介于0.06~0.50 mm。矿物组成以黏土矿物和长英质矿物为主(表3),内部见大量火山灰蚀变,含少量钠长石和白云石。该纹层主要在长73亚段发育(图3),由于研究区块不在湖盆中心段,凝灰岩保存条件较差,凝灰质纹层发育数量比其他区域少,因此本文不进行过多研究。
纹层单元具有复杂的组合形式,根据纵向分布观察和矿物含量分析可划分出两类纹层组合。将石英+长石+黄铁矿矿物含量大于55%的纹层组合划分为高硅质纹层组合,黏土矿物含量大于55%的纹层组合划分为高黏土质纹层组合。
1) 高硅质纹层组合
该类纹层组合由粉砂质纹层和富有机质纹层组成,夹少量泥质纹层。长英质矿物即石英、长石含量较高,单偏光下表现为亮色粉砂质纹层和黑色富有机质纹层频繁互层,纹层间界限清晰,连续性较好(图5a,b),总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量平均值为4.88%。
2) 高黏土质纹层组合
该类纹层组合主要由泥质纹层和富有机质纹层组成,夹少量粉砂质纹层和凝灰质纹层。黏土矿物含量较高,单偏光下表现为黄褐色泥质纹层与黑色富有机质纹层频繁互层,有机质以连续或断续状赋存(图5c,d),TOC平均值为6.80%。
研究区长7段富有机质页岩整体属于低孔—低渗储层,不同沉积环境下储层的物性具有明显差异,不同的纹层类型其物性也有所不同(图6)。其中粉砂质纹层孔隙度介于3.20%~7.96%,平均值为6.35%,渗透率介于(0.05~1.15)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.20×10-3 μm2;泥质纹层孔隙度介于1.92%~6.47%,平均值为3.49%,渗透率介于(0.01~0.38)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.08×10-3 μm2;富有机质纹层孔隙度介于1.70%~4.03%,平均值为2.92%,渗透率介于(0.01~0.34)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.17×10-3 μm2;凝灰质纹层孔隙度介于1.39%~3.77%,平均值为2.56%,渗透率介于(0.01~0.15)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.08×10-3 μm2。数据表明,四种纹层中粉砂质纹层孔隙度和渗透较高,具有较好的渗流能力。
研究区页岩孔隙类型可划分为无机质孔隙、有机质孔隙和裂缝,其中无机孔隙可进一步划分为粒(晶)间孔隙和粒(晶)内孔隙(Loucks et al.,2012;王香增等,2016;赵卫卫等,2023)。无机沉积期水动力变化频繁导致页岩纹层较为发育,受沉积水体氧化还原环境和沉积速率的变化,有机质不利于富集和保存。因此,长7段页岩纹层发育段有机质孔隙和裂缝相对较少,平均占比分别为24.40%和19.10%,无机孔隙较为发育,平均占比为56.50%(表4)。
粉砂质纹层内部见石英、长石和黏土矿物相间分布(图7a),该纹层主要发育粒间孔、粒内孔和少量裂缝。粒间孔以碎屑颗粒之间在压实作用下因颗粒接触、支撑保留的残余粒间孔为主,填隙物中发育石英微晶晶间孔(图7b)和黏土矿物晶间孔(图7c),孔隙形态多为线形、三角形、多角形或近圆形,孔径从0.01 μm至0.10 μm不等,最大孔径可达1 μm;粒内孔主要包括沿长石节理发生溶蚀作用形成的粒内溶蚀孔(图7d),形态多为长轴缝状和不规则多边形,孔径变化范围较广,孔径最小为2 nm,较大的溶蚀孔孔径可达2 μm;受构造应力的影响,粉砂质纹层中还发育少量裂缝(图7e),为油气运移贡献储集空间。石英、长石等碎屑颗粒的含量相对较高,粒径较大,因此,粉砂质纹层中的粒间孔和粒内孔发育程度较强,孔隙的连通性较好。
泥质纹层孔隙类型以伊/蒙混晶间孔(图7f)为主,其次为伊利石晶间孔(图7g,h)。此外,还发育少量蜂窝状孔隙,孔隙多但孔径小,主体孔径介于0.03~0.30 μm。该纹层连通性较差,发育程度较弱。
富有机质纹层与凝灰质纹层储集空间类型相近,储集空间较小,主要为草莓状黄铁矿晶间孔(图7i,j)、黏土矿物晶间孔隙及有机质孔(图7k)。有机质孔的孔径相对无机孔而言较小,集中在0.01~0.07 μm,孔隙发育程度较低,在有机质内部表现为狭长缝状,连通性差且分布规模小。纹层内部常出现有机质被黄铁矿充填现象,经过后期的收缩作用产生较少的微裂缝(图7l)。
进—退汞曲线的形态能够反映孔隙喉道的分布特征和孔隙连通性的好坏。曲线分析表明,粉砂质纹层(图8a)进汞曲线表现为排驱压力低、曲线均匀上升的特点,说明其物性较好、孔喉大小分布均匀;退汞曲线表现为均匀下降和较高的退汞效率,说明样品开放孔的孔喉多为粗孔喉使得汞容易排出、孔隙结构好。泥质纹层(图8b)和富有机质纹层(图8c)的进汞饱和度较低于粉砂质纹层,说明与粉砂质纹层相比大孔径孔隙少;退汞曲线均匀下降和较高的退汞效率,说明孔隙结构较好。高黏土质纹层组合(图8d)进汞曲线表现为排驱压力较高、曲线快速上升,说明存在微孔使汞难以进入,退汞效率较高说明连接孔隙的粗孔喉较多,孔隙结构中等。高硅质纹层组合(图8e)与粉砂质纹层相比进汞饱和度较低,说明该组合中还发育部分孔喉半径较小的细孔,孔隙结构较粉砂质纹层差,但与高黏土质纹层组合样品相比存在较多粗孔喉,因此高硅质纹层组合比高黏土质纹层组合的孔隙结构好。
高压压汞实验主要用于测试页岩的大孔(孔径大于50 nm)分布特征,通过实验得到研究区长7段页岩孔体积变化率分布图(图9)。可以看出,孔体积变化率均随孔径的增大而降低,在孔径介于100~1 μm时变化明显,其中含粉砂质纹层页岩在10 nm~1 μm区间内孔体积更大,孔隙更为发育。
对研究区长7段页岩样品的N2吸附—解吸等温线综合进行观察分析,结果表明,长7段各类纹层组合的吸附—解吸曲线具有相似的形态特征,曲线整体呈反“S”型,且均具有回滞环(图10)。样品N2吸附—解吸等温线在相对压力P/P0处于0~0.8曲线缓慢上升,在相对压力P/P0处于0.8~1.0曲线急剧上升,且不存在饱和吸附平台。De Boer等温线分类标准分析表明,长7段页岩纹层等温吸附—解吸曲线属于IV型、回滞环属于H3型。国际理论和应用化学协会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,IUPAC)将孔隙分为三类:微孔(<2 nm)、中孔(2~50 nm)、大孔(>50 nm),分析表明研究区微孔到大孔各个孔径段的孔径均较发育,孔隙类型以平行板状为主。根据不同纹层样品的孔径分布曲线可以看出,各类纹层和纹层组合样品的孔径分布特征差别不大,其中粉砂质纹层孔径分布峰值相对较大,介于50~100 nm,其他纹层的孔径主要介于20~50 nm,说明研究区页岩发育较大级别的中孔和较小级别的大孔。
研究结果表明(表5),粉砂质纹层主要发育大孔,占总孔体积的65%,中孔和微孔孔体积分别占31%和4%;泥质纹层以中孔为主,占总孔体积的54%,微孔和大孔孔体积分别占16%和30%;富有机质纹层主要发育中孔,占总孔体积的65%,微孔和大孔体积分别占19%和16%;高黏土质纹层组合微孔、中孔和大孔分别占10%、54%和36%;高硅质纹层组合微孔、中孔和大孔分别占10%、42%和48%。由此可见,富有机质纹层和泥质纹层中微孔数量多但孔径较小,对总孔体积的贡献较少;粉砂质纹层中大孔所贡献的体积占总孔体积的一半;高黏土质纹层组合中凝灰质纹层发育大量的高岭石,能够贡献部分孔隙;高硅质纹层组合中粒间孔能够贡献部分大孔,同时发育较多微孔和中孔。对比可知,粉砂质纹层中—大孔占比大,因而具有更好的储渗性能,且中—大孔是延长组长7段页岩油气赋存的主要空间。
研究区长7段页岩油主要以游离态和吸附态赋存在富有机质页岩中(张娟等,2023),结合荧光显微镜和电子扫描电镜观察,确定高硅质纹层组合和高黏土质纹层组合页岩油主要呈游离态富集。高硅质纹层组合中发育大量孔径较大的粒间孔和溶蚀孔能够为游离油提供更好的赋存空间。早期生油阶段,液态烃主要赋存在原生粒间孔边缘(图11a);晚期生油阶段,富有机质纹层生成的烃类进入粉砂质纹层,赋存在粒间溶孔(图11b,d,f)和裂缝(图11g)中。此外,富有机质纹层中发育较多孔径较小的有机质微孔(图11h)和黏土矿物晶间孔(图11i),使得少量页岩油以吸附态赋存在其中。高黏土质纹层组合平均孔径较小,页岩油主要以游离态和吸附态并存的形式集中在层间缝和黏土矿物晶间孔中。
研究区长7页岩层系的有机质类型以Ⅰ~Ⅱ2型干酪根为主,有机质主体以生油为主。TOC含量介于0.13%~13.30%,平均值为4.80%,氯仿沥青‘A’主要介于0.30%~1.80%,平均值为0.73%,有机质Ro主体介于0.80%~1.00%,平均值为0.92%,表明研究区烃源岩进入成熟阶段。
页岩含油性评价通常使用含油饱和度指数(Oil Saturation Index,OSI)法,Jarvie(20122014)将100 mg/g作为页岩油生烃下限标准,黄振凯等(2018)将70 mg/g作为长7段泥页岩的可动门限。长7段页岩油热解分析数据表明(图12),长7段粉砂质纹层的TOC含量介于2.10%~7.42%,平均值为5.60%;S1介于0.90~8.36 mg/g,平均值为5.90 mg/g;S2介于2.18~15.25 mg/g,平均值为9.88 mg/g;OSI主体介于51~150 mg/g,平均值为114 mg/g。根据研究区具体情况,认为含油饱和度超过70 mg/g的页岩油具有可动性,粉砂质纹层中的页岩油远超可动门限,说明该纹层中有效孔体积相对较大,充足的储集空间使得页岩油在纹层内部可流动性变强,含油性好。其次,有机质热演化成熟阶段,生成的有机酸从富有机质纹层排出,粉砂质纹层中大量的溶蚀孔贡献充足的储集空间,使得有机酸在页岩内部消耗;生油阶段,由于埋深较浅、温度较低,液态烃大规模充注,富有机质纹层生成的大量原油通过超压裂缝排出,经过短距离的运移充注于紧邻的粉砂质纹层中(葸克来等,2020),并在纹层内部发生滞留聚集(图13)。因此,由粉砂质纹层和富有机质纹层组成的高硅质纹层组合的含油性较好,可以作为页岩油赋存的有利目标。富有机质纹层的TOC含量介于4.94%~11.00%,平均值为7.10%;S1介于0.81~8.67 mg/g,平均值为3.60 mg/g;S2介于2.91~24.44 mg/g,平均值为12.34 mg/g;OSI介于18.34~87.05 mg/g,平均值为49.00 mg/g。泥质纹层的TOC含量介于3.95%~5.76%,平均值为5.17%;S1介于3.18~5.20 mg/g,平均值为3.78 mg/g;S2介于6.30~21.11 mg/g,平均值为11.05 mg/g;OSI介于51.76~90.96 mg/g,平均值为73.70 mg/g。说明富有机质纹层和泥质纹层内部发育的微孔和中孔,孔径较小储集空间有限。其次,排烃作用也是导致富有机质页岩含油性变差的重要因素,富有机质纹层中有机质含量高,成熟度较高,早期大量油气排出到相邻的砂岩中,导致残留的页岩油较少。后期游离烃受较强的吸附作用导致可动性变差,能够运移的页岩油较少,因此高黏土质纹层组合的含油性较差。
(1) 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7段富有机质页岩按照矿物成分可划分出四种纹层单元(粉砂质纹层、泥质纹层、富有机质纹层、凝灰质纹层),并可归纳为两类纹层组合(高黏土质纹层组合、高硅质纹层组合)。
(2) 富有机质页岩发育孔隙类型多,孔径分布范围广,具有良好的储集性能。粉砂质纹层和高硅质纹层组合相比于泥质纹层、富有机质纹层、高黏土质纹层组合具有更好的储集性能,且中—大孔是延长组长7段页岩油气赋存的主要空间。
(3) 延长组长7段页岩油在纹层中的赋存状态以游离态为主,部分以吸附态形式赋存在原生粒间孔边缘。粉砂质纹层和高硅质纹层组合储集空间充足,孔隙连通性好,页岩油在其内部具有较好的流动性。富有机质纹层、泥质纹层和高黏土质纹层组合能够运移的页岩油有限,含油性较差。因此,在页岩油评价中可优先选择粉砂质纹层和高硅质纹层组合。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05039-001-002)
  • 西安石油大学创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS23214220)
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2026年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.071
  • 接收时间:2024-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01
  • 修回日期:2024-05-14
  • 录用日期:2024-07-03
基金
National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05039-001-002)
国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05039-001-002)
Innovation and Practical Ability Training Program of Xi’an Shiyou University(YCS23214220)
西安石油大学创新与实践能力培养计划(YCS23214220)
作者信息
    1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安 710065
    2.西安石油大学陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安 710065

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赵卫卫,男,副教授,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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