Article(id=1301938731196371763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.011, pmid=null, cstr=32268.14/j.cjxb.62-1038.2025.011, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730736000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-05, revisedDate=1742054400000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-16, acceptedDate=1746979200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-12, onlineDate=1788335982369, onlineDateStr=2026-09-02, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788335982369, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788335982369, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788335982369, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1301938707137848028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1215', pageEnd='1587', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788335976633, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405108360, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228666671460469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228666671460470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1426, endPage=1441, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1301938731397698356, articleId=1301938731196371763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Sedimentary Evolution and Architecture in Sandy Braided Rivers with Different Discharge: Insights from sedimentary numerical simulation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The discharge rate regulates the sedimentary evolution and morphological scale of a braided river. In this study, the influence of discharge rate on the formation of braided channels, bars and internal sedimentary architecture is systematically analyzed for the first time. Methods Five groups of three-dimensional sedimentary numerical simulation experiments with different flow rates were carried out using Delft3D software to explore the evolution, morphological patterns and scale differences of braided channels and bars formed as a result of various flow rates. The models reproduce the internal architectural patterns of a range of bars developed in braided rivers with different flow rates and summarize the sedimentary characteristics and evolution of sandy braided rivers. Results (1) The rate of discharge is positively correlated with the sedimentary evolution of braided rivers. Low-discharge braided rivers exhibit limited evolution, in which bars mainly tend to migrate vertically and are less dissected by channels. By contrast, high-discharge braided rivers undergo intensive evolution, characterized by lateral migration and frequent dynamic equilibrium processes involving compound bars and dissection. (2) The discharge rate influences the plane pattern and channel depth of braided channels. As discharge increases, the braided channel becomes wider and deeper, resulting in a reduced overall number of channels but more highly developed chutes of the channel bars. Lower-discharge braided channels are shallower and primarily consist of numerous narrow, relatively fixed interwoven river networks. (3) Discharge further governs the co-evolution of channels and bars. Greater discharge enhances bar complexity, promoting the development of large complex compound bars and side bars with intricate internal stacking relationships and more frequent chutes. (4) Despite strong spatial heterogeneity in the internal architecture of channel bars in sandy braided rivers, consistent patterns emerge: all bars develop downstream accretions (DA) in the core, vertical accretions (VA) layered above, and lateral accretions (LA) deposited at the sides. A key distinction lies in the increased proportion of LA at higher discharge conditions. (5) Discharge correlates positively with accretion size but inversely with aspect ratio and flakiness ratio. Median aspect ratios of bars are 3.5 in low-discharge systems versus 4.5 in high-discharge systems. Conclusions The study proposes a positive correlation between discharge and the scale of channel bars and accretions in sandy braided rivers. This clarifies flow-controlled sedimentary characteristics and scale variations, providing a basis for analyzing complex subsurface reservoir architectures.

, authors=Ying GUO1, 2, Kui CHEN2, QingSong GAO2, GuangLei REN2, ShaoHua LI1, WenJie FENG1, LinSong LIU2, Hui RAN2, authorsList=Ying GUO, Kui CHEN, QingSong GAO, GuangLei REN, ShaoHua LI, WenJie FENG, LinSong LIU, Hui RAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=ShaoHua LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI ShaoHua, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1301938731729048373, articleId=1301938731196371763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=不同流量砂质辫状河沉积演化与构型差异解析, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 辫状河的沉积演化、形态及规模,受流量这一关键因素的影响,但目前尚未系统分析其对辫状水道、心滩及内部结构的影响程度。 方法 采用Delft3D软件通过5组不同流量三维沉积数值模拟实验,探究不同流量下辫状水道、心滩的演化、形态样式及规模差异,再现不同流量辫状河多沉积类型砂坝内部叠置样式和构型特征,总结砂质辫状河沉积特征和演化规律。 结果 (1)流量与辫状河的沉积演化速率成正比。低流量辫状河演化程度低,砂坝以向下迁移为主,不易被河道分割;而高流量辫状河演化程度高,砂坝以侧向迁移为主,心滩合并、被分割的动态平衡过程较普遍。(2)流量是决定辫状水道平面样式和水深的主导因素。流量越大,河道越宽、直、深,分岔少,演化成熟阶段辫状水道网络复杂;而流量较小的辫状河河道,河道水浅、窄、分岔多,演化成熟阶段辫状水道以相对固定的交织河网为主。(3)流量进一步影响辫状水道和心滩的协同演化过程。流量越大,心滩样式更复杂,出现规模较大的复合改造坝和河边滩,其内部叠切关系更复杂,更易发育窜沟。(4)虽然砂质辫状河心滩内部结构具有很强的空间变异性,但仍存在相似点。相同点在于自下而上均发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,不同点在于流量越大,心滩内部侧积体占比增加。(5)流量与增生体规模呈正相关关系,但与长宽比、长厚比呈负相关关系,其中低流量辫状河心滩长宽比中位数为3.5,高流量辫状河心滩长宽比为4.5。 结论 该研究提出了流量与砂质辫状河的心滩及内部增生体的规模成正比的观点,明确了砂质辫状河受流量影响沉积特征和规模差异,为地下复杂储层构型解剖提供依据。

, authors=郭颖1, 2, 陈奎2, 高青松2, 任广磊2, 李少华1, 冯文杰1, 刘林松2, 冉辉2, authorsList=郭颖, 陈奎, 高青松, 任广磊, 李少华, 冯文杰, 刘林松, 冉辉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李少华, authorNote=

郭颖,女,1992年出生,博士研究生,储层沉积学,E-mail:

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李少华,男,教授,E-mail:
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Journal of Sedimentary Research, 83(11): 1033-1046., articleTitle=Morphological and stratigraphical signature of floods in a braided gravel-bed river revealed from flume experiments, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1307264070982332601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, awardId=P23031, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Research Project of SINOPEC(P23031), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1307264071049441466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, awardId=P23031, language=CN, fundingSource=中国石化科技攻关项目(P23031), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1307264061696143452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264061704532061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, companyId=1307264061696143452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 434100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264061712920670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, companyId=1307264061696143452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1307264061792612447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264061801001056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, companyId=1307264061792612447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.SINOPEC North China Petroleum Bureau, Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Zhengzhou 450006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1307264061805195361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, companyId=1307264061792612447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院,郑州 450006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1307264066251157653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Grid and initial water depths for numerical simulation of sandy braided rivers, figureFileSmall=woWzAb4ysJOa8NmbYI5ATA==, figureFileBig=TJ+0ZXTd8DsrYYEmKwtEOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264066314072214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=CN, label=图1, caption=砂质辫状河模拟网格与初始水深分布, figureFileSmall=woWzAb4ysJOa8NmbYI5ATA==, figureFileBig=TJ+0ZXTd8DsrYYEmKwtEOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264066477650071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparision of sedimentary evolution in high⁃and low⁃discharge sandy braided rivers

(a-c) low-discharge rivers at steps 1 510, 3 250 and 3 890; (d-f) high-discharge rivers at steps 600, 810 and 1 100

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(a~c)低流量(D=5 000 m3/s)第1 510、3 250、3 890步长下低流量砂质辫状河沉积地貌图;(d~f)高流量(D=40 000 m3/s)第600、810、1 100步长下高流量砂质辫状河沉积地貌图

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(a-c) low discharge; (d-f) high discharge

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(a~c)低流量;(d~f)高流量

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(a) average length; (b) average width; (c) average aspect ratio; (d) average area

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(a)平均坝长;(b)平均坝宽;(c)平均长宽比;(d)平均面积

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(a)剖面位置:x=60 km,y=0~3.2 km;步长=3 800;D=5 000 m3/s;(b)剖面位置:x=60 km,y=0~3.2 km;步长=3 800;D=10 000 m3/s;(c)剖面位置:x=60 km,y=0~3.2 km;步长=3 800;D=20 000 m3/s;(d)剖面位置:x=60 km,y=0~3.2 km;步长=3 800;D=40 000 m3/s;(e)剖面位置:x=60 km,y=0~3.2 km;步长=3 800;D=80 000 m3/s

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(a) sedimentary water depth; (b) number, curvature and bifurcation coefficient of braided channels

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(a)沉积水深;(b)辫状水道数量、弯度及分岔系数

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(a,a’)D=5 000 m3/s,步长:3 890;(b,b’)D=10 000 m3/s,步长:2 990;(c,c’)D=20 000 m3/s,步长:1 500;(d,d’)D=40 000 m3/s,步长:1 100;(e,e’)D=80 000 m3/s,步长:880

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(a) distribution of area proportion for different types of sandbars; (b) distribution of aspect ratios for different types of sandbars

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(a)不同类型砂坝面积占比分布图;(b)不同类型砂坝长宽比分布图

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(a)D=5 000 m3/s,步长:3 730;(b)D=10 000 m3/s,步长:2 850;(c)D=20 000 m3/s,步长:1 345;(d)D=40 000 m3/s,步长:940;(e)D=80 000 m3/s,步长:880

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(a) transverse section; (b) longitudinal section

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(a)切物源方向剖面;(b)顺物源方向剖面

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(a) longitudinal section AA΄; (b) longitudinal section CC΄; (c) plan view of the sandbar; (d) water flow mode

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(a)顺物源方向剖面AA’;(b)顺物源方向剖面CC’;(c)平面分布图;(d)水流模式;①~⑨不同期次增生体

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(a) transverse section AA΄; (b) transverse section BB΄; (c) longitudinal section CC΄; (d) plan view of the sandbar;①-⑤ represents different stages of accretions

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(a,b)切物源方向剖面AA’、BB’;(c)顺物源方向剖面CC’;(d)平面分布图;①~⑤不同期次增生体

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(a) transverse section AA΄; (b) transverse section BB΄; (c) transverse section CC΄; (d) longitudinal section DD΄; (e) plan view of the sandbar;①-⑩ represents different stages of accretions

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(a~c)切物源方向剖面AA’、BB’、CC’;(d)顺物源方向剖面DD’;(e)为平面分布图;①~⑩不同期次增生体

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(a) dip angle; (b) length; (c) width; (d) thickness

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(a)倾角;(b)高度;(c)长度;(d)宽度

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(a) plan view of sandbar; (b) transverse section CC’; (c1, c2) field outcrop section and dissection diagram

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(a)高流量辫状河单元坝平面图;(b)切物源剖面CC’;(c1,c2)野外露头剖面及解剖图

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(a) transverse section; (b) longitudinal source profile; (c) underground wells at different locations

, figureFileSmall=xeIN2eIQJGjXtKzc1VbQSA==, figureFileBig=Xjkcv+YlJWaEVxjgBju4hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264070495793332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=CN, label=图16, caption=高流量辫状河单元坝与井下实钻案例沉积构型对比

(a,b)辫状河单元坝顺物源和切物源剖面图;(c)不同位置与井下对比

, figureFileSmall=xeIN2eIQJGjXtKzc1VbQSA==, figureFileBig=Xjkcv+YlJWaEVxjgBju4hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264070583873717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Hydrological parameter survey of sandy braided river (modified from Liu et al., 2024)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号河流位置水文站平均洪峰流量m3/s河道宽度/m宽度测量坐标等效流量m2/s
1亚马孙河巴西Santo Antonio Do Ica68 192.9910 53259°42'48" W,3°2'52" S6.47
2巴拉那河阿根廷Corrientes21 917.691 72263°13'51" W,23°47'27" S12.73
3马更些河加拿大Norman Wells18 130.552 811111°32'40" W,59°26'18" N6.45
4贾木纳河印度Bahadurabad50 531.083 14084°38'41" E,25°19'54" N16.09
5恒河印度Farakka44 419.305 13680°29'20" E,18°0'28" N8.65
6Rakaia river新西兰Fighting Hill398.31606168°18'23" E,45°55'10" N0.66
7育空河美国Ruby, Alas12 966.214 914131°5'29" W,67°3'4" N2.64
8维斯瓦河波兰Warsaw1 151.131 35020°21'18" E,52°22'20" N0.85
9奈厄布拉勒河美国Near Verdel, Nebr98.111 787107°34'12" W,46°6'58" N0.05
10南萨斯喀彻温河加拿大Saskatoon846.79550111°32'52" W,56°50'2" N1.54
11松花江中国哈尔滨3 397.063 230129°2'26" E,45°46'11" N1.05
12普拉特河美国Louisville, Nebr534.692 26677°14'46" W,42°40'20" N0.24
13Halil Rud river伊朗Hossein Abad Jiroft36.4040757°44'56" E,28°24'20" N0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1307264070663565494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

砂质辫状河流量等参数调研(据刘警阳等,2024修改)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号河流位置水文站平均洪峰流量m3/s河道宽度/m宽度测量坐标等效流量m2/s
1亚马孙河巴西Santo Antonio Do Ica68 192.9910 53259°42'48" W,3°2'52" S6.47
2巴拉那河阿根廷Corrientes21 917.691 72263°13'51" W,23°47'27" S12.73
3马更些河加拿大Norman Wells18 130.552 811111°32'40" W,59°26'18" N6.45
4贾木纳河印度Bahadurabad50 531.083 14084°38'41" E,25°19'54" N16.09
5恒河印度Farakka44 419.305 13680°29'20" E,18°0'28" N8.65
6Rakaia river新西兰Fighting Hill398.31606168°18'23" E,45°55'10" N0.66
7育空河美国Ruby, Alas12 966.214 914131°5'29" W,67°3'4" N2.64
8维斯瓦河波兰Warsaw1 151.131 35020°21'18" E,52°22'20" N0.85
9奈厄布拉勒河美国Near Verdel, Nebr98.111 787107°34'12" W,46°6'58" N0.05
10南萨斯喀彻温河加拿大Saskatoon846.79550111°32'52" W,56°50'2" N1.54
11松花江中国哈尔滨3 397.063 230129°2'26" E,45°46'11" N1.05
12普拉特河美国Louisville, Nebr534.692 26677°14'46" W,42°40'20" N0.24
13Halil Rud river伊朗Hossein Abad Jiroft36.4040757°44'56" E,28°24'20" N0.09
), ArticleFig(id=1307264070739062967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sedimentary numerical simulation parameters of sandy braided river

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项模拟设定值说明
沉积物粒度中值/μm300
泥质沉积物供应量/(kg/m3)10参考现代沉积数据
砂质沉积物浓度/(kg/m3)2.5
沉积物组分细砂中砂粗砂巨砂多种组分混合后中值粒径约为300 μm
砂质沉积物组分粒度中值/μm1503007501 500
砂质沉积物组分含量/(质量占比,%)25501510
沉积物浓度/(kg/m3)1.252.50.750.5
砂质沉积物密度/(g/cm3)2.65
底床坡度/(°)9.3×10-5冲积平原坡度平缓
河道宽度/km3.2
水流量/(m3/s)5 00010 00020 00040 00080 000变量
等效流量1.563.126.2512.525.0m2/s
参考河流南萨斯喀彻温河1.54育空河2.64亚马孙河6.47贾木纳河16.09
演化成熟步长3 8902 9901 5001 100880
平均水深/m4~6取决于河宽、底床坡度及水
控制流速/(m/s)0~4.5
网格单元大小/m50×20
平面网格单元总量/个1 600×160
模拟区域尺寸/m80 000×3 200
地貌演化系数48沉积模拟加速48倍
底床糙度-Chezy值/(m1/2/s)45经验参数
水平涡黏系数/(m2/s)*1 000
垂向涡黏系数/(m2/s)*0.001
临近干网格侵蚀系数0.25
水动力计算时间步长/min0.2
沉积模拟数据保存时间步长/min15
), ArticleFig(id=1307264070810366136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938731196371763, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

砂质辫状河沉积数值模拟参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数项模拟设定值说明
沉积物粒度中值/μm300
泥质沉积物供应量/(kg/m3)10参考现代沉积数据
砂质沉积物浓度/(kg/m3)2.5
沉积物组分细砂中砂粗砂巨砂多种组分混合后中值粒径约为300 μm
砂质沉积物组分粒度中值/μm1503007501 500
砂质沉积物组分含量/(质量占比,%)25501510
沉积物浓度/(kg/m3)1.252.50.750.5
砂质沉积物密度/(g/cm3)2.65
底床坡度/(°)9.3×10-5冲积平原坡度平缓
河道宽度/km3.2
水流量/(m3/s)5 00010 00020 00040 00080 000变量
等效流量1.563.126.2512.525.0m2/s
参考河流南萨斯喀彻温河1.54育空河2.64亚马孙河6.47贾木纳河16.09
演化成熟步长3 8902 9901 5001 100880
平均水深/m4~6取决于河宽、底床坡度及水
控制流速/(m/s)0~4.5
网格单元大小/m50×20
平面网格单元总量/个1 600×160
模拟区域尺寸/m80 000×3 200
地貌演化系数48沉积模拟加速48倍
底床糙度-Chezy值/(m1/2/s)45经验参数
水平涡黏系数/(m2/s)*1 000
垂向涡黏系数/(m2/s)*0.001
临近干网格侵蚀系数0.25
水动力计算时间步长/min0.2
沉积模拟数据保存时间步长/min15
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不同流量砂质辫状河沉积演化与构型差异解析
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郭颖 1, 2 , 陈奎 2 , 高青松 2 , 任广磊 2 , 李少华 1 , 冯文杰 1 , 刘林松 2 , 冉辉 2
沉积学报 | 2026,44(4): 1426-1441
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (4) : 1426 -1441
不同流量砂质辫状河沉积演化与构型差异解析
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2.中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院,郑州 450006, bio={"content":"

郭颖,女,1992年出生,博士研究生,储层沉积学,E-mail:

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郭颖1, 2 , 陈奎2, 高青松2, 任广磊2, 李少华1 , 冯文杰1, 刘林松2, 冉辉2
作者信息
  • 1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
  • 2.中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院,郑州 450006
通讯作者:
李少华,男,教授,E-mail:
作者简介:

郭颖,女,1992年出生,博士研究生,储层沉积学,E-mail:

Sedimentary Evolution and Architecture in Sandy Braided Rivers with Different Discharge: Insights from sedimentary numerical simulation
Ying GUO1, 2 , Kui CHEN2, QingSong GAO2, GuangLei REN2, ShaoHua LI1 , WenJie FENG1, LinSong LIU2, Hui RAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 434100, China
  • 2.SINOPEC North China Petroleum Bureau, Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Zhengzhou 450006, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI ShaoHua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.011
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目的 辫状河的沉积演化、形态及规模,受流量这一关键因素的影响,但目前尚未系统分析其对辫状水道、心滩及内部结构的影响程度。 方法 采用Delft3D软件通过5组不同流量三维沉积数值模拟实验,探究不同流量下辫状水道、心滩的演化、形态样式及规模差异,再现不同流量辫状河多沉积类型砂坝内部叠置样式和构型特征,总结砂质辫状河沉积特征和演化规律。 结果 (1)流量与辫状河的沉积演化速率成正比。低流量辫状河演化程度低,砂坝以向下迁移为主,不易被河道分割;而高流量辫状河演化程度高,砂坝以侧向迁移为主,心滩合并、被分割的动态平衡过程较普遍。(2)流量是决定辫状水道平面样式和水深的主导因素。流量越大,河道越宽、直、深,分岔少,演化成熟阶段辫状水道网络复杂;而流量较小的辫状河河道,河道水浅、窄、分岔多,演化成熟阶段辫状水道以相对固定的交织河网为主。(3)流量进一步影响辫状水道和心滩的协同演化过程。流量越大,心滩样式更复杂,出现规模较大的复合改造坝和河边滩,其内部叠切关系更复杂,更易发育窜沟。(4)虽然砂质辫状河心滩内部结构具有很强的空间变异性,但仍存在相似点。相同点在于自下而上均发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,不同点在于流量越大,心滩内部侧积体占比增加。(5)流量与增生体规模呈正相关关系,但与长宽比、长厚比呈负相关关系,其中低流量辫状河心滩长宽比中位数为3.5,高流量辫状河心滩长宽比为4.5。 结论 该研究提出了流量与砂质辫状河的心滩及内部增生体的规模成正比的观点,明确了砂质辫状河受流量影响沉积特征和规模差异,为地下复杂储层构型解剖提供依据。

沉积数值模拟  /  流量  /  辫状河  /  沉积演化  /  沉积构型

Objective The discharge rate regulates the sedimentary evolution and morphological scale of a braided river. In this study, the influence of discharge rate on the formation of braided channels, bars and internal sedimentary architecture is systematically analyzed for the first time. Methods Five groups of three-dimensional sedimentary numerical simulation experiments with different flow rates were carried out using Delft3D software to explore the evolution, morphological patterns and scale differences of braided channels and bars formed as a result of various flow rates. The models reproduce the internal architectural patterns of a range of bars developed in braided rivers with different flow rates and summarize the sedimentary characteristics and evolution of sandy braided rivers. Results (1) The rate of discharge is positively correlated with the sedimentary evolution of braided rivers. Low-discharge braided rivers exhibit limited evolution, in which bars mainly tend to migrate vertically and are less dissected by channels. By contrast, high-discharge braided rivers undergo intensive evolution, characterized by lateral migration and frequent dynamic equilibrium processes involving compound bars and dissection. (2) The discharge rate influences the plane pattern and channel depth of braided channels. As discharge increases, the braided channel becomes wider and deeper, resulting in a reduced overall number of channels but more highly developed chutes of the channel bars. Lower-discharge braided channels are shallower and primarily consist of numerous narrow, relatively fixed interwoven river networks. (3) Discharge further governs the co-evolution of channels and bars. Greater discharge enhances bar complexity, promoting the development of large complex compound bars and side bars with intricate internal stacking relationships and more frequent chutes. (4) Despite strong spatial heterogeneity in the internal architecture of channel bars in sandy braided rivers, consistent patterns emerge: all bars develop downstream accretions (DA) in the core, vertical accretions (VA) layered above, and lateral accretions (LA) deposited at the sides. A key distinction lies in the increased proportion of LA at higher discharge conditions. (5) Discharge correlates positively with accretion size but inversely with aspect ratio and flakiness ratio. Median aspect ratios of bars are 3.5 in low-discharge systems versus 4.5 in high-discharge systems. Conclusions The study proposes a positive correlation between discharge and the scale of channel bars and accretions in sandy braided rivers. This clarifies flow-controlled sedimentary characteristics and scale variations, providing a basis for analyzing complex subsurface reservoir architectures.

sedimentary numerical simulation  /  discharge  /  braided river  /  sedimentary evolution  /  sedimentary architecture
郭颖, 陈奎, 高青松, 任广磊, 李少华, 冯文杰, 刘林松, 冉辉. 不同流量砂质辫状河沉积演化与构型差异解析. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (4) : 1426 -1441 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.011
Ying GUO, Kui CHEN, QingSong GAO, GuangLei REN, ShaoHua LI, WenJie FENG, LinSong LIU, Hui RAN. Sedimentary Evolution and Architecture in Sandy Braided Rivers with Different Discharge: Insights from sedimentary numerical simulation[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (4) : 1426 -1441 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.011
砂质辫状河为低弯度、河床坡降大、河道水浅流急易分岔合并、频繁迁移改道的常见河流地貌(Rust,1977Ashworth et al.,20002011于兴河,2004),储层以粗粒岩性为主体、多低渗缓冲带的强非均质性、整体泛连通但内部呈结构复杂的迷宫状结构(张昌民等,2013张可等,2018)。辫状水道与心滩是砂质辫状河的主要沉积单元(Cant and Walker,1978Bridge and Lunt,2006),受异源因素(allogenic)的影响(Mail,2022),如植被、气候控制的流量变化等,辫状河形态和保存的沉积序列存在明显差异,其中流量对河流沉积的影响是至关重要的(Schuurman et al.,2013Tamminga et al.,2015)。即使古气候、古沉积背景相似,仍存在形态规模、内部构型样式差异很大的辫状河,Ethridge(2011)认为是流量差异造成上游的供水条件不同,导致同一个地区出现多条不同类型的辫状河共存的现象。如鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组辫状河,其坡度、沉积物成分、沉积物粒度等基本沉积背景相近,但在流量等方面,不同时期、发育于不同位置的辫状河存在较大的差异。在既往对下石盒子组辫状河储层的解剖研究中,前人已发现流量不同的辫状河,河道的宽度、砂体的规模存在一定程度的差异(贾爱林等,2018陈东阳等,2019)。
许多学者意识到流量对辫状河是至关重要的,但仅定性地提出流量影响心滩的沉积演化和规模,没有系统地对辫状水道、心滩及内部结构定量评价。其中Fielding et al.(20182025)认识到洪峰流量与保存下来的沉积物存在极强的相关性,可作为评价河流流量变化的度量,对沉积物的搬运、沉积构造的发育以及沉积特征的保存具有重要意义。刘警阳等(2024)基于现代沉积对比提出流量的差异会控制心滩的沉积演化,进一步影响其形态,认为低流量辫状河的心滩和辫状水道之间交互作用较弱,形态可以维持相对稳定;而高流量辫状水道对心滩形态的改造作用非常强烈,导致心滩发育位置变化明显,辫状水道常发生迁移改道,多为游荡型辫状河。李伟等(2023)基于多组沉积模拟提出流量对心滩的规模有控制作用。与此同时,大多数现代河流测量时间不够长,任一洪水事件形成的沉积结构会被后续的洪水改造使其不具有代表性。Nicholas(2013)开展了物理模拟、探地雷达与取心对比,使在较大的时间和空间尺度上模拟河道形态动力具有可行性。
因此,本研究采用Delft3D软件通过多组不同流量三维沉积数值模拟实验进行时空迁移分析,探究不同流量下辫状水道、心滩及内部增生体的类型、规模等差异,明确了流量对砂质辫状河的叠置样式、构型特征与内部非均质性的影响,对高效开发地下油气砂体分布预测提供模式指导。
水动力条件是影响河流沉积演化的关键边界条件,在沉积底床、河床形态、沉积物类型与粒度等边界条件相同的情况下,水动力强度的变化可引起辫状河水深、流速等水动力参数的变化,进而对辫状河沉积模拟产生决定性影响。为了明确水动力强度对砂质辫状河沉积的控制作用,通过Delft3D软件设计不同流量的对照方案开展沉积数值模拟,以探索不同流量条件下辫状河沉积特征及其差异。
模拟参数设置主要包含网格参数、粒度选择和水动力参数三个方面,其中网格参数设计是基于研究区同盆地苏里格气田及府谷天生桥露头同层位辫状河单砂体解剖成果(陈东阳等,2019),结合单期增生体的最小几何尺度约束,将模拟网格尺寸设定为50 m×20 m。该设计确保每期沉积单元可覆盖4~5个网格,满足增生体空间展布的精度需求。粒度数据选取整合了地表露头与地下岩心的对比分析,其中府谷天生桥露头18组样品测试显示,岩心粒度中值为300 µm;鄂尔多斯盆地北缘石盒子组砂质辫状河293个地下样品分析表明,峰值粒径为320 µm,与露头数据趋势吻合。据此采用露头数据为基准,按细砂(25%)、中砂(50%)、粗砂(15%)、巨砂(10%)的组分比例调配沉积物,使中值粒径趋近300 µm。水动力参数上,通过筛选全球典型现代砂质辫状河案例(粒度介于0.2~0.4 mm、缓坡区坡度介于0.05°~0.15°、河道宽度介于1~10 km),结合中国水利部砂泥比参数(0.02),最终确定模拟输沙量为2.5 kg/m³,实现沉积动力学过程定量约束。
模拟区为宽3.2 km,长80 km的矩形,模拟区左侧边界为进水口,右侧边界为出水口(图1),模拟过程中总流量保持恒定。流量是单位时间内流经封闭管道有效截面的流体量,现代河流中根据流量均衡原理,流量增加往往辫状河河道更宽。但在模拟中采用槽型模拟区固定宽度3.2 km,调研现代沉积13条河流的流量数据,计算单位宽度流量为等效流量,数据范围从0.09~16.9 m2/s(表1)。以此参考设计总流量在5 000~80 000 m3/s为变量对照组试验模拟了5条辫状河,其主要沉积背景条件相同,其他参数不变开展五组沉积模拟(表2)。
为了分析辫状河的形态动力学和沉积特征,采用MATLAB编程对沉积模拟数据进行处理,具体分为四个步骤:(1)根据设置沉积物厚度等参数计算初始地形;(2)在模拟域内定义一个剖面,并提取所定义剖面的坐标和地形;(3)通过考虑动态侵蚀和沉积过程,将现步长与前一个步长之间的地形差作为不同步长下泥沙增厚的分布范围,计算每个模拟步骤中最终保存的沉积体的地形,作为暂存的沉降量;(4)采用Straub et al.(2012)van de Lageweg et al.(2013)提出的方法计算每个步长最终保留边界高程,绘制沉积构型剖面(Feng et al.,2025)。此外,沿剖面提取沉积物粒度数据,并绘制在沉积构型图内。根据绘制的剖面,识别和测量不同构型要素、规模、位置和倾斜度,包括增生体、心滩和辫状水道。
在沉积数值模拟中,改变流量等参数得到的辫状河模拟结果虽不同,但辫状河的形态动力学与砂坝和河道的协同演化有关,使演化过程仍具有相似性(Schuurman and Kleinhas,2015)。对比五组沉积模拟,认为辫状河演化可分为四个阶段:(1)底床砂在水流的推动作用下形成了不稳定的菱形坝、舌形坝和不连续的水道;(2)顺水流的加积作用形成朵叶状、短陡迎水面和长缓背水面单元坝及相对规则、宽、浅的辫状水道;(3)多个单元坝开始顺流生长或横向“碰撞”形成不对称条形、规模中等的复合坝,此时辫状水道更加连通,形成相对复杂稳定的河网(Rice et al.,2009Schuurman et al.,2016Guo et al.,2023);(4)一种是辫状河道被充填,多个单元坝、复合坝碰撞形成规模最大的复合改造坝,另一种是复合坝被河道切割形成单元坝,与此同时,河道相对稳定,坝顶受到漫溢水流的侵蚀改造使窜沟较发育(雷涛等,2023)。
流量与辫状河演化速率呈正相关,高流量辫状河演化时间在较短时间内就达到了演化成熟阶段,低流量辫状河达到相同的沉积量需要时间增加,即时长和流量成反比。以总流量为40 000 m3/s的辫状河为例(图2f),在1 100模拟步长后辫状河的形态不再发生变化,达到演化成熟阶段,而总流量为5 000 m3/s辫状河心滩增长速率越慢,需要2 000~4 000个模拟步才能达到演化成熟阶段。
不同流量下辫状河演化过程有明显差异,低流量的辫状河(5 000 m3/s对应南萨斯喀彻温河)演化以前三个阶段为主,演化成熟后不发育复杂改造坝,而高流量辫状河水动力强,在沉积末期易出现河道被充填或改道,会出现规模较大的复杂改造坝或规模较小的单元坝。这是因为在演化第三个阶段,低流量辫状河是以多个单元坝以顺流生长或“向下游碰撞”形成长条形心滩为主体(图3a~c),此时已形成相对稳定且连通的河道,使后续心滩合并、分割的动态平衡阶段不发育(图2a~c)。高流量的辫状河在演化的第三个阶段,多个单元坝以横向“碰撞”为主(图3d~f),单元坝和单元坝碰撞的位置往往存在次级水流,形成不对称、尾部分岔、拉长的椭圆形心滩,河道宽、深、相对连续,心滩头部受水流侵蚀,继续向下迁移,出现复合改造坝或单元坝,在心滩的中部或尾部往往发育多个窜沟(图2d~f)。
在对照模拟组中发现不同流量模拟辫状河演化过程中心滩的规模存在较明显的差异。结果表明流量越大,则心滩坝越长(图4a)。
不同于平均坝长,平均坝宽虽然存在演化速率的差异,但最终平均坝宽接近(图4b)。通过坝长宽比表明,流量越高,则坝长/宽比值增加越快(图4c)。心滩坝平均面积直接指示了心滩规模(图4d),随着模拟中流量的增加,心滩坝面积也快速增加,表明心滩坝规模与流量存在明显正相关关系。总体来说,演化过程中流量与砂坝的长度、面积成正比,但与宽度无正相关关系,说明流量越大,流速激增使砂坝更易受到切割。与此同时,水流的集中和加速又进一步加快了坝之间侧向迁移的速度,从而生成更多的复合坝,在这种“水道切割—砂坝充填”循环协同演化过程中呈现互相调节的双重效果,使得砂坝总体宽度相对固定,长宽比介于3.0~4.5。
地下储层往往是由辫状河演化自然终止的砂质沉积物组成,其中大部分沉积物已经达到成熟状态。不同流量砂质辫状河模拟的成熟阶段河道和心滩沉积特征差异化研究(图56),对地下储层地质学理论的完善具有现实意义。
辫状河流量不仅影响辫状水道的平面样式、结构特征,更直接控制辫状水道的宽深。剖面河床形态对比发现,低流量辫状河的辫状水道形态通常为U形、V形(图5a),随着流量增加,流速激增,水流集中和加速使更大型的宽阔、平坦的水道逐步发育(图5e);从平面上看,流量越大,辫状水道形态越顺直,辫状水道数量越少、密度越小,但其宽度也越大。低流量辫状河以窄而多的交织河网为主,高流量的辫状河以宽而数量有限的骨干辫状水道网络为主(图27)。
以水流量为5 000 m3/s辫状河为例,切物源方向剖面上平均存在7.5条辫状水道,单个辫状水道宽度20~50 m,弯曲度可达1.3,辫状水道分岔系数在2左右;随着流量增大,辫状水道数量逐步降低至3条,宽度增大为200~600 m,弯曲度减小至1.1左右,分岔系数降为1.2左右。通过统计模拟每个网格水深数据,分析不同流量演化成熟阶段辫状河所有网格水深占比发现,随着流量增加,河道水深分布由单峰偏态逐步转变为双峰弱偏态(图6a),显示流量越大,水道间流速的差异越大,水流多集中于宽阔、对称的辫状水道内。说明更大的水流量代表更强的水动力条件,直接控制辫状河水深,导致辫状水道深度也与水流量呈现正相关关系。
流量的差异不仅主导了辫状水道规模、样式、结构等特征,同时也塑造了不同样式、规模的心滩。在演化成熟阶段存在四种类型的砂坝:单元坝、复合坝、复合改造坝、河心滩(Sambrook Smith et al.,2006,2009;Puig et al.,2019冯文杰等,2025)。其中低流量辫状河以规模较小的复合坝为沉积主体(图8a),可见河边滩和单元坝;随着流量增加,出现大型的复合改造坝(图8b),但此时规模较小的复合坝仍为主体。当流量为20 000 m3/s,辫状河内部坝侧向迁移横向“碰撞”变得更加连片,复合改造坝更宽、规模更大(图8c);当流量为40 000 m3/s时受水流改造,复合改造坝多为长条形(图8d);当流量为80 000 m3/s,流速激增,大部分坝被改造,水道更宽、连通(图8d)。
研究表明,砂坝所处的位置不同,水流样式不同,其中单元坝、复合坝位于河床中部,两侧被不均衡的辫状水道环绕;而河边滩则位于河道边部,一侧与河岸相接,另一侧受辫状水道控制。值得注意的是,辫状河的河边滩与曲流河的边滩存在差异性。辫状河的河边滩与曲流河的边滩位置相似,但沉积演化过程存在明显差异,使得内部结构也存在不同。辫状河的河边滩沉积演化早期受双侧水流影响仍显示为辫状河砂坝特征,在演化中后期先侧向迁移形成长条形砂坝,砂坝阻碍水流使得双侧水流转变为单侧水流,之后砂坝向下迁移形成河边滩,因此自下而上发育侧积体、垂向加积体或向心充填的河道沉积构成,内部夹层不连续不稳定。而曲流河边滩始终受到单侧水流影响,发育侧积体,内部夹层稳定,相对连续(郭颖等,2024)。
流量对心滩形态样式有至关重要的作用。对照模拟结果显示:在低能辫状河中(图7a),由于辫状水道网络发育程度高、以窄而多的交织河网为整体样式,在其控制下,辫状河演化末期心滩被河道分岔或合并的动态平衡阶段相对不发育,形成的心滩呈简单、叶状的单元坝和长条状的复合坝均匀分布特征。随着河流流量增加,心滩两侧辫状水道规模出现明显的主次、强弱差异并导致心滩不对称性增强,河道两侧水流量的差异使得单元坝更多以“横向碰撞”形成复合坝、规模较大的复合改造坝、河边滩,心滩面积逐渐增大,形态样式变得更复杂。
流量控制着不同类型心滩的规模与定量关系演变。结果表明,流量越大,砂坝经水流改造动力越强,砂坝总面积占比越小(图8a),其中流量越大,复合改造坝占比越多,长宽比越小,复合坝面积占比越少,长宽比减少,河边滩面积占比越少,长宽比增加(图8b)。例如:当流量从5 000 m3/s增加到10 000 m3/s时,复合坝长宽比变小、面积占比减少,复合改造坝占比增加,说明随着流量增加,更多单元坝和复合坝组合形成复合改造坝;当流量从40 000 m3/s增加到80 000 m3/s时,复合改造坝长宽比急速减小,单元坝、复合坝长宽比缓慢减小,说明流量增加时,更多的复合改造坝被河道分割,单元坝向下迁移或与其他砂坝组合形成复合坝或河边滩。在演化成熟阶段,单元坝、复合坝长宽比主要分布在3~3.5,复合改造坝、河边滩长宽比变化较大。因此,辫状河流量高低影响了心滩的形态、规模、结构样式等特征,在实际储层解剖研究中应加以区分考虑。
低流量辫状河心滩内部一般存在1~3条小规模的窜沟,这些窜沟将心滩“分割”为多个顶部分割、底部相连的次级心滩;随着流量增大,辫状河心滩内部窜沟的发育程度逐渐增大,包括窜沟数量、规模、深度均逐步增大。窜沟作为辫状水道侧缘附属的水流分散通道,在辫状河沉积过程中扮演了重要的角色:窜沟冲刷心滩表面,引起心滩顶部沉积物充分分布,形成复杂的窜沟网络(图9)。在心滩内部,窜沟发育程度越高,则其顶部沉积构型越复杂,在油气资源开发中会形成上下部流场差异。
演化成熟后心滩经历了较为复杂的沉积演化过程,从而形成了复杂的内部构型。分别对总流量为5 000 m3/s的低流量辫状河和总流量为40 000 m3/s的高流量辫状河单元坝、复合坝进行解剖,探究高、低流量辫状河下单元坝和复合坝内部多期次增生体的类型、规模、倾角的差异性,获取内部的结构信息,再现了高低流量辫状河内部单元坝和复合坝的叠置样式和构型特征,对指导地下油气精细开发具有重要的实际意义。
通过对比发现,演化成熟的单元坝垂向自下而上均发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,但低流量辫状河内部单元坝更简单,不发育窜沟,顺流加积体为沉积主体,这与前人提出心滩底部发育大型向下游迁移的顺流加积底型的认识一致(廖保方等,1998Best et al.,2003牛博等,2015张宪国等,2020何维领等,2024唐洪等,2026)。而高流量辫状河内单元坝更复杂、尾部多分支,发育1~3个充填或半充填的小窜沟,将其分割成多个双向水流的次级砂坝。
低流量辫状河演化成熟阶段,平面上单元坝规模小,呈长条状、尾部拉长,不发育窜沟。剖面上不同的颜色代表不同时期形成的增生体,单元坝发育五期增生体,自下而上发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,以顺流加积体为主。早期生成的顺流加积体位于单元坝的底部(图10a①~③号),是沉积的主体。侧积体主要位于单元坝两侧,倾角大(平均2.8°),顺物源方向可观察到沉积后期形成的增生体向下游方向迁移的过程(图10b中④~⑤号),侧积体往往发育在单元坝的尾部和两侧;垂向加积体往往位于单元坝切物源方向的顶部,占比较低。
南萨斯喀彻温砂质辫状河单元坝规模小,最小宽约100 m,最大长度300 m,厚1.5~3.0 m,以向下迁移为主。通过现代沉积和探地雷达对比认为单元坝底部以板状或槽状交错层理的顺流加积体为主体,被形象地称为“沙核”(Best et al.,2003),迎水面顶部发育较少的高角度倾斜的沉积物,沉积模拟图10b③号增生体特征符合这一特征。
高流量辫状河演化成熟阶段,平面上单元坝呈叶状、尾部多分支,发育1条窜沟。剖面上单元坝发育九期增生体,自下而上发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体(图11)。通过统计顺流加积体倾角可知水流方向是从单元坝的两侧向中心迁移,迁移的过程中倾角越来越陡,介于0.7°~4.6°。侧积体具有下切特点,倾角大(平均为4.5°),往往发育在单元坝的头尾和水浅一侧(图11c中C),方向以上游向下游、水浅一侧(图11c中C)向水深一侧(图11c中C’)为主。窜沟为典型的向心充填,倾角逐渐减小,呈自上游向下游的倾斜方向。垂向加积体往往是沉积后期以较小的倾角覆盖在单元坝的顶部。前人通过现代沉积、探槽、探地雷达等方式对Jamuna河典型砂质辫状河心滩进行解剖,认为在心滩坝底部发育大型平缓顺流加积底型,横向多期增生体加积的沉积模式(Best et al.,2003牛博等,2015),该观点与本文中心滩垂向自下而上发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体一致。不同点在于,受窜沟的影响,窜沟内部发育侧积体,使得心滩在水平方向以顺流加积体到侧积体的形式重复出现,与刘警阳等(2024)提出高流量游荡型辫状河受洪水影响心滩易冲裂,发育窜沟的认识一致。
对比发现高流量辫状河复合坝比低流量辫状河复合坝叠切关系更复杂、窜沟更发育。
低流量辫状河复合坝呈尾部多分支的不对称叶状,发育3条窜沟(图12)。剖面上单元坝发育五期增生体,自下而上发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,以顺流加积体为主,顺物源方向可观察到沉积早期形成的①~③期顺流加积体向下游方向迁移的过程(图12c中400~700 m处)。④~⑤号增生体为侧积体,河道下切作用不明显,倾角小(平均2.8°)往往发育在单元坝的四周和顶部窜沟内;垂向加积体往往位于单元坝切物源方向的顶部,占比较少。
南萨斯喀彻温砂质辫状河复合坝长约800 m,宽度约400 m。底部2.5~3 m深可见明显侵蚀面的不连续板状或槽状交错层理的顺流加积体(占比63%)(Sambrook et al.,2006),在砂坝顶部0.5 m内低角度反射的增生体占比高达84%,这与沉积模拟中底部发育顺流加积体、顶部发育低角度加积体一致。除此之外,复合坝相之间存在明显的空间变异性,在背水面靠近深泓线部位(类似图12d中C’位置),存在大角度倾斜沉积体,在沉积模拟中也可观察到相同位置出现高角度侧积体。
高流量辫状河复合坝呈尾部多分支的不对称椭圆状,窜沟发育程度高(图15)。单元坝发育十期增生体,在中部切物源剖面上底部存在大规模的顺流加积体,向上逐渐变为薄层侧积体或“向心充填”河道沉积组合(图13b中④号),说明侧积体往往为沉积晚期发育在单元坝的头尾、水浅一侧(图13e中C’)及窜沟内。因此,高流量复合坝自下而上发育顺流加积体、侧积体或河道充填、垂向加积体或窜沟。对比Jamuna河典型砂质辫状河解剖结果,除了具备单元坝的特点以外,在坝头、尾和水浅一侧发育小型垂厚2 m的多组槽状交错反射雷达相特征(Best et al.,2003),向坝中心倾角逐渐减小,这与我们统计复合坝的侧积体中位数3 m规模相近。
通过对比发现,无论是倾角、高度、长、宽等规模参数,高流量辫状河单元坝、复合坝的规模参数均明显大于低流量辫状河的单元坝、复合坝(图14),其中增生体倾角、高、长、宽等规模参数呈明显相关关系,低流量增生体长宽比、宽厚比中位数分别为5和18.7,高流量增生体长宽比、宽厚比中位数分别为3和13.6,说明流量与增生体规模呈正相关,但长宽比和宽厚比与流量呈负相关,这与Li et al.(2023)提出的坝高、坝面积与流量呈正相关一致。除此之外,同一个砂坝内侧积体、顺流加积体、垂向加积体倾角逐渐减小,高度依次降低。从规模上看,同一个砂坝内顺流加积体和垂向加积体的长度和宽度明显高于侧积体。因此,侧积体位于心滩两侧,具有高倾角、较厚和小规模的特点,垂向加积体位于心滩顶部,具有较长的延伸范围、薄厚度、小倾角的特点。值得注意的是,受水流强弱的影响,内部增生体倾角是变化的,尤其是顺流加积、侧积体倾角离散程度高,分布散,这使得地下解剖难度增大。
通过对比野外露头解剖结果,验证模拟结果的可靠性(图15)。大同云冈组石窟段为典型的砂质辫状河沉积,图15c2剖面发育两期心滩,认为单期心滩的厚度介于1.5~7.5 m,宽50~200 m,底部发育大型顺流加积底型,顶部偶见小规模窜沟,心滩内可见1~3 cm间歇性薄落淤层(任晓旭,2020),这与高流量砂质辫状河内单元坝的内部结构相似。值得注意的是,不同位置落淤层的倾角是变化的。例如,2号和4号增生体之间发育落淤层倾角近水平(图15b中C侧),但在1、2、3增生体之间落淤层倾角倾斜(图15b中C’侧)。
在沉积模拟中提取粒度D50剖面数据和心滩不同位置处D50数据(图16),与单井实际案例分析对比,验证模拟结果的可靠性。心滩的储层非均质性与不同类型增生体的叠置样式有关,进一步明确心滩是以复合反韵律为主,头部发育多套反韵律顺流加积体,心滩中部发育窜沟,偶见正韵律侧积体,内部增生体界面处易发育细粒薄夹层的落淤层。
真实的辫状河发育过程受自然界复杂因素的影响,包括沉积物粒度分选性(如物源供给差异)、古地形坡度及流量变化(洪峰或季节性河流)等多因素耦合影响。分析表明流量变化对砂质辫状河的形态、规模及内部结构呈主导作用。为建立明晰的流量和辫状河规模半定量—定量相关关系,本文重点讨论了以流量为单一变量下的辫状河定量解析,关于其他边界条件例如粒度、坡度的影响,将在后续研究中进行系统性探讨。
(1) 流量与辫状河的沉积演化速率成正比。低流量辫状河演化程度低,砂坝以向下迁移为主,不易被河道分割或再次合并;而高流量辫状河演化程度高,砂坝以侧向迁移为主,心滩合并、被分割的动态平衡过程较普遍。
(2) 流量影响辫状水道平面样式、水深,并进一步影响辫状水道和心滩的协同演化过程。流量越大,河道越宽、直、深,分岔少,演化成熟阶段辫状水道网络更复杂;流量越大,心滩样式更复杂,出现规模较大的复合改造坝和河边滩。由于流量增加,心滩经水流改造动力越强,其内部叠切关系更复杂,更易发育窜沟。除此之外,流量越大的辫状河,在演化成熟阶段复合改造坝占比增加,复合坝、河边滩面积占比减少。
(3) 砂质辫状河心滩内部结构具有很强的空间变异性。相同点在于自下而上均发育顺流加积体、侧积体、垂向加积体,不同点在于流量越大,心滩内部侧积体占比增加。其中顺流加积体(DA)作为沉积主体单元,侧积体位于两侧或窜沟内,具备“短轴、厚层(3~8 m)、高倾角(>4°)”的特点,垂向加积体位于心滩顶部,具备“长轴、薄层、低倾角(<1°)”的特点。
(4) 流量与增生体规模呈正相关,但与长宽比、宽厚比呈负相关。流量越大,心滩内部增生体的倾角、高度、长、宽等参数越大,但宽度增长有限,其中低流量辫状河心滩长宽比中位数为3.5,高流量辫状河心滩长宽比中位数为4.5。
  • 中国石化科技攻关项目(P23031)
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2026年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.011
  • 接收时间:2024-11-05
  • 首发时间:2026-09-02
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-05
  • 修回日期:2025-03-16
  • 录用日期:2025-05-12
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Science and Technology Research Project of SINOPEC(P23031)
中国石化科技攻关项目(P23031)
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    1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
    2.中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院,郑州 450006

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李少华,男,教授,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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