Article(id=1301938726930768778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.028, pmid=null, cstr=32268.14/j.cjxb.62-1038.2025.028, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1740931200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-03, revisedDate=1752854400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-19, acceptedDate=1755705600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-21, onlineDate=1788335981351, onlineDateStr=2026-09-02, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788335981351, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788335981351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788335981351, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1301938707137848028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1215', pageEnd='1587', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788335976633, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405108360, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228666671460469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228666671460470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1301938707137848028, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1495, endPage=1506, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1301938727085958027, articleId=1301938726930768778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Microfacies, Development, and Controlling Factors of Coral Reef During the Early Permian in Southern Guizhou, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The Wuotuo village in Zongdi town, Ziyun county, southern Guizhou province, developed an Early Permian coral reef that is exposed with a thickness of approximately 45 m and lateral exposure of nearly 100 m. The reef displays a positive relief. It is of great importance to the study of the construction of shallow marine organisms and the paleoenvironment. Methods The coral reef in this area was systematically studied from the perspectives of paleontology and sedimentary petrology. Results The fusulinids collected from the reef indicated an Early Asselian age. The primary reef-building organism was identified as the fasciculate colonial coral Fomichevella, whereas biotic compositions of the coral reef included foraminifers, brachiopods, gastropods, and calcareous algae. The coral reef in Wotuo village and its underlying and overlying strata contained a broad variety of microfacies types, including bioclastic wackestone-packstone, coral bafflestone, bioclastic packstone, bioclastic grainstone, phylloid algae-cement framestone, fasciculate coral framestone, bioclastic wackestone, and foraminifer-fusulinid grainstone. Conclusions During the Early Permian, glacial-interglacial cycles were the primary factors influencing the variations in palaeoocean temperature and global sea levels. The vertical microfacies succession in this study provides a record of relative sea-level change. The decline of Late Paleozoic glaciation, which resulted in global warming and a relative rise in sea level, played a pivotal role in the development and flourishing of the coral reefs in southern Guizhou province.

, authors=EnPu GONG1, Xiao LI1, LiFu WANG1, 2, YongLi ZHANG1, ChangQing GUAN1, authorsList=EnPu GONG, Xiao LI, LiFu WANG, YongLi ZHANG, ChangQing GUAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=LiFu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG LiFu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1301938727366976396, articleId=1301938726930768778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=黔南早二叠世珊瑚礁微相类型、发展演化及控制因素, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 黔南紫云苗族布依族自治县宗地镇窝托村发育早二叠世的珊瑚礁,礁体出露厚度约为45 m,延伸宽度达100 m,形态上具有明显的正向隆起,对研究浅水海洋生物建造及其古环境背景具有重要的意义。 方法 该地珊瑚礁为研究对象,从古生物学和沉积岩石学等角度进行系统研究。 结果 礁相地层产出的䗴类化石组合指示了珊瑚礁发育的时代为早二叠世阿瑟尔期早期。珊瑚礁的造礁生物为笙丛状复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella,附礁生物为非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、腕足类、腹足类和钙质藻类等。对珊瑚礁及其上下岩层的沉积微相分析,划分出生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、珊瑚障积岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩、丛状珊瑚骨架岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩等类型。 结论 早二叠世时期的冰期—间冰期旋回是影响古海洋温度变化和全球海平面变化的主要因素,本研究剖面的垂向微相序列记录了相对海平面的变化过程,该时期冰川作用减弱导致的气候变暖和相对海平面升高对研究区珊瑚礁发育和繁盛起到了至关重要的作用。

, authors=巩恩普1, 李骁1, 王立芙1, 2, 张永利1, 关长庆1, authorsList=巩恩普, 李骁, 王立芙, 张永利, 关长庆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王立芙, authorNote=

巩恩普,男,1958年出生,教授、博士生导师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
王立芙,女,讲师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:
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巩恩普,男,1958年出生,教授、博士生导师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:

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(c) Early Permian lithofacies palaeogeographical map of South China and location of the study area (modified from Feng et al., 1996), figureFileSmall=senAGsPnTH1eyyHtJZGCyg==, figureFileBig=LVsadszZs5SH3GEQmfM/qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264084630597938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图1, caption=(a,b)研究区的地理位置;(c)华南地区早二叠世岩相古地理图及研究区古地理位置(据冯增昭等,1996修改), figureFileSmall=senAGsPnTH1eyyHtJZGCyg==, figureFileBig=LVsadszZs5SH3GEQmfM/qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264084810953011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=(a) Outcrop photograph of the coral reef, Wotuo village; (b⁃d) field photographs of the coral reef, Wotuo village, figureFileSmall=r3iodsryngLKd0qoxpVTYQ==, figureFileBig=xOBrVn+We6btcGa8T6F2NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264084878061876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图2, caption=(a)窝托村珊瑚礁野外露头照片;(b~d)窝托村珊瑚礁野外照片, figureFileSmall=r3iodsryngLKd0qoxpVTYQ==, figureFileBig=xOBrVn+We6btcGa8T6F2NA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264084957753653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Stratigraphic column of the coral reef section, Wotuo village, figureFileSmall=7xgNeDdhm8C2AOACcP6+eg==, figureFileBig=354FZa2J9SnIoDQsCwnVXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085033251127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图3, caption=窝托村珊瑚礁剖面柱状图, figureFileSmall=7xgNeDdhm8C2AOACcP6+eg==, figureFileBig=354FZa2J9SnIoDQsCwnVXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085096165688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=(a, b) photographs of the reef⁃builder Fomichevella in the coral reef, Wotuo village; (c) polished slabs of Fomichevella

F. Fomichevella; GC. growth cavities

, figureFileSmall=i7TqBUQswGokZRb0kqCVsg==, figureFileBig=Ca62nJCN0x8/DSuX/DadKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085268132153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图4, caption=(a,b)窝托村珊瑚礁内的造礁珊瑚Fomichevella;(c)Fomichevella 的光面照片

F. Fomichevella;GC.原生栉壳

, figureFileSmall=i7TqBUQswGokZRb0kqCVsg==, figureFileBig=Ca62nJCN0x8/DSuX/DadKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085335241018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Thin⁃section micrographs of the reef dwellers in the coral reef, Wotuo village

Da. Dasyclad green algae; Fo. Foraminifers; Ga. Gastropods

, figureFileSmall=vQe+ujCPx0vj/HTRYz8GbQ==, figureFileBig=Kdvni/uU0pYhEi04MYkGKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085402349883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图5, caption=窝托村珊瑚礁附礁生物的镜下照片

Da.钙质藻类;Fo.非䗴有孔虫;Ga.腹足类

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(a) coral framestone; (b) bioclastic wackestone; (c) bioclastic wackestone-packstone; (d) Tubiphytes-algae packstone; (e) bioclastic grainstone; (f) foraminifer-fusulinid grainstone; F. Fomichevella coral; Fu. Fusulinids; Tu. Tubiphytes; Da. Dasycladales; Fo. NonFusulinids Foraminifera

, figureFileSmall=2+Zy8JxvEuMECBXP8Hld9g==, figureFileBig=AwC07/A+2XD7/+VsdPQ6Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085670785343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图7, caption=窝托村珊瑚礁剖面的微相类型

(a)珊瑚骨架岩;(b)生物碎屑粒泥灰岩;(c)生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩;(d)Tubiphytes—藻屑泥粒灰岩;(e)生物碎屑颗粒灰岩;(f)含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩;F. Fomichevella珊瑚;Fu.䗴类;Tu. Tubiphytes;Da.粗枝藻;Fo.非䗴有孔虫

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(a) field photograph of coral bafflestone; (b) polished slab of coral bafflestone; (c) thin-section micrograph of coral bafflestone; (d) field photograph of phylloid algae-cement framestone; (e) polished slab of phylloid algae-cement framestone; (f) photograph of phylloid algal thalli with sporangium; GC. growth cavities; SC. solitary coral; MC. microbial crust; PA. phylloid algae

, figureFileSmall=Iv/FvLDN8uLYpBLiGWCJlg==, figureFileBig=hWR2kNhVDZvgCFNk23/O/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085809197377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图8, caption=窝托村珊瑚礁剖面的微相类型

(a)珊瑚障积岩野外照片;(b)珊瑚障积岩光面照片;(c)珊瑚障积岩镜下照片;(d)叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩野外照片;(e)叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩光面照片;(f)具有孢子囊的叶状藻藻片;GC.原生栉壳;SC.单体珊瑚;MC.微生物丝状体;PA.叶状藻

, figureFileSmall=Iv/FvLDN8uLYpBLiGWCJlg==, figureFileBig=hWR2kNhVDZvgCFNk23/O/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085880500546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Evolutionary model diagram of the Wotuo village coral reef during the Asselian

(a) colonization substrate of the coral reef; (b) sea level rises and the coral reef begins to form; (c) with the growth of coral reefs, the hydrodynamic conditions are enhanced and the reef-building corals become smaller; (d) with the enhancement of hydrodynamic conditions, the coral reef stops developing

, figureFileSmall=PNnIlq6zoLIw1YHmqN/SOw==, figureFileBig=OmJJOOg7FhnMxqVkPvKN+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264085951803715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图9, caption=阿瑟尔期窝托村珊瑚礁演化模式图

(a)珊瑚礁的定殖基底;(b)海平面上升,珊瑚礁开始形成;(c)随着珊瑚礁的生长,水动力条件增强,珊瑚体变小;(d)随着水动力条件增强,珊瑚礁停止发育

, figureFileSmall=PNnIlq6zoLIw1YHmqN/SOw==, figureFileBig=OmJJOOg7FhnMxqVkPvKN+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264086010523972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Coupling of the Pennsylvanian⁃Cisuralian reef evolution and the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age (After Crowley and Baum, 1992; Wang et al., 2006; Rygel et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2016; Kiessling and Krause, 2022), figureFileSmall=5dP1sPlFQ8AZA2MW/egUcA==, figureFileBig=JXP6z55CbcI9m9RTEiKHTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264086069244229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1301938726930768778, language=CN, label=图10, caption=宾夕法尼亚亚纪—乌拉尔世生物礁演化与晚古生代冰期对比(据Crowley and Baum,1992Wang et al.,2006Rygel et al.,2008Chen et al.,2016Kiessling and Krause,2022, figureFileSmall=5dP1sPlFQ8AZA2MW/egUcA==, figureFileBig=JXP6z55CbcI9m9RTEiKHTA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, 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黔南早二叠世珊瑚礁微相类型、发展演化及控制因素
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巩恩普 1 , 李骁 1 , 王立芙 1, 2 , 张永利 1 , 关长庆 1
沉积学报 | 2026,44(4): 1495-1506
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (4) : 1495 -1506
黔南早二叠世珊瑚礁微相类型、发展演化及控制因素
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巩恩普1 , 李骁1, 王立芙1, 2 , 张永利1, 关长庆1
作者信息
  • 1.东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110819
  • 2.辽宁石油化工大学绿色矿业与资源工程学院,辽宁 抚顺 113001
通讯作者:
王立芙,女,讲师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:
作者简介:

巩恩普,男,1958年出生,教授、博士生导师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:

Microfacies, Development, and Controlling Factors of Coral Reef During the Early Permian in Southern Guizhou
EnPu GONG1 , Xiao LI1, LiFu WANG1, 2 , YongLi ZHANG1, ChangQing GUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
  • 2.School of Green Mining and Resource Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG LiFu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.028
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目的 黔南紫云苗族布依族自治县宗地镇窝托村发育早二叠世的珊瑚礁,礁体出露厚度约为45 m,延伸宽度达100 m,形态上具有明显的正向隆起,对研究浅水海洋生物建造及其古环境背景具有重要的意义。 方法 该地珊瑚礁为研究对象,从古生物学和沉积岩石学等角度进行系统研究。 结果 礁相地层产出的䗴类化石组合指示了珊瑚礁发育的时代为早二叠世阿瑟尔期早期。珊瑚礁的造礁生物为笙丛状复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella,附礁生物为非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、腕足类、腹足类和钙质藻类等。对珊瑚礁及其上下岩层的沉积微相分析,划分出生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、珊瑚障积岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩、丛状珊瑚骨架岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩等类型。 结论 早二叠世时期的冰期—间冰期旋回是影响古海洋温度变化和全球海平面变化的主要因素,本研究剖面的垂向微相序列记录了相对海平面的变化过程,该时期冰川作用减弱导致的气候变暖和相对海平面升高对研究区珊瑚礁发育和繁盛起到了至关重要的作用。

珊瑚礁  /  阿瑟尔期  /  造礁群落  /  微相  /  黔南

Objective The Wuotuo village in Zongdi town, Ziyun county, southern Guizhou province, developed an Early Permian coral reef that is exposed with a thickness of approximately 45 m and lateral exposure of nearly 100 m. The reef displays a positive relief. It is of great importance to the study of the construction of shallow marine organisms and the paleoenvironment. Methods The coral reef in this area was systematically studied from the perspectives of paleontology and sedimentary petrology. Results The fusulinids collected from the reef indicated an Early Asselian age. The primary reef-building organism was identified as the fasciculate colonial coral Fomichevella, whereas biotic compositions of the coral reef included foraminifers, brachiopods, gastropods, and calcareous algae. The coral reef in Wotuo village and its underlying and overlying strata contained a broad variety of microfacies types, including bioclastic wackestone-packstone, coral bafflestone, bioclastic packstone, bioclastic grainstone, phylloid algae-cement framestone, fasciculate coral framestone, bioclastic wackestone, and foraminifer-fusulinid grainstone. Conclusions During the Early Permian, glacial-interglacial cycles were the primary factors influencing the variations in palaeoocean temperature and global sea levels. The vertical microfacies succession in this study provides a record of relative sea-level change. The decline of Late Paleozoic glaciation, which resulted in global warming and a relative rise in sea level, played a pivotal role in the development and flourishing of the coral reefs in southern Guizhou province.

coral reef  /  Asselian  /  reef community  /  microfacies  /  southern Guizhou
巩恩普, 李骁, 王立芙, 张永利, 关长庆. 黔南早二叠世珊瑚礁微相类型、发展演化及控制因素. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (4) : 1495 -1506 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.028
EnPu GONG, Xiao LI, LiFu WANG, YongLi ZHANG, ChangQing GUAN. Microfacies, Development, and Controlling Factors of Coral Reef During the Early Permian in Southern Guizhou[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (4) : 1495 -1506 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.028
生物礁为原地底栖造礁生物建造的具有隆起地貌特征的碳酸盐岩,是特定地史时期海洋环境演化的产物,造礁群落的演替能够反映礁相地层中生物的演化和环境的变迁,为古地理、古气候和古环境变化提供了重要的证据(范嘉松和张维,1985Wood,199519982001Stanley,2001巩恩普等,2021)。珊瑚礁是重要的生物礁类型之一(Chappell,1980West,1988Webb,2002Yao et al.,20162020)。早二叠世,全球生物礁主要类型为Palaeoaplysina—叶状藻礁、Tubiphytes—苔藓虫礁、Palaeoaplysina礁、叶状藻—海绵—Tubiphytes礁和珊瑚礁等,其中Palaeoaplysina 是最常见的造礁生物(范嘉松和吴亚生,2005)。受欧美大陆和冈瓦纳大陆拼合等古地理因素的影响,洋流循环及海洋表层温度发生改变,古特提斯洋和泛大洋的海洋生态系统具有一定的区域差异(Mii et al.,1999Stanley,2001)。已报道的早二叠世珊瑚礁发育在中国黔南地区,出露时代为萨克马尔期(王立芙等,2025)。本文从古生物学和沉积岩石学角度出发,深入分析了贵州省安顺市紫云苗族布依族自治县宗地镇窝托村珊瑚礁的生长、发育和演化特征(古生物特征、礁体建造模式、碳酸盐岩微相分析等)。并在前人研究的基础上,对黔南地区早二叠世珊瑚礁造礁群落的演替和礁相碳酸盐岩的构建方式进行讨论,旨在为生物礁的发育和演化补充重要信息,进而为研究低纬度地区二叠纪古海洋环境特征提供重要证据。
研究区位于贵州省安顺市紫云苗族布依族自治县宗地镇窝托村附近(25°35′21″ N,106°19′26″ E)(图1a,b),大地构造位置位于华南陆块南缘、黔桂盆地北缘,主要受古特提斯洋构造域的影响,以台地相碳酸盐岩沉积为主(冯增昭等,1996)(图1c)。宗地镇二叠系保存完好,出露连续,自下而上依次发育紫松阶、隆林阶和罗甸阶,下二叠统紫松阶相当于国际地层年代的阿瑟尔阶至萨克马尔阶(王立亭等,1994沈树忠等,2019)。岩石地层单位为马平组,沉积物主要为浅灰—深灰色中层—厚层生物碎屑灰岩,夹白云质灰岩或白云岩,生物化石丰富,主要为浅水底栖生物,如珊瑚、腕足类、有孔虫、䗴类、海百合和藻类等(贵州省地质矿产局,1987)。
早二叠世大规模海退事件使得华南板块海相碳酸盐台地沉积范围向南退缩,在扬子古陆南部边缘先前的碳酸盐岩台地上出现了大量的陆源碎屑沉积,再向南逐渐过渡为碳酸盐岩台地沉积,直至黔桂盆地(冯增昭等,1996)(图1c)。研究区珊瑚礁发育于扬子古陆的南缘和黔桂盆地北缘的浅水碳酸盐岩台地相区—台地边缘相区。
窝托村珊瑚礁礁体出露厚度约为45 m,延伸宽度达100 m,形态上具有明显的正向隆起,礁体下部的部分位置受到后期道路修建或农田改造的影响(图2a)。珊瑚礁下伏地层的岩性为灰色—深灰色生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩,含有大量的生物颗粒。珊瑚礁内由大量的丛状复体四射珊瑚组成,原位保存的珊瑚丛互相接触形成珊瑚骨架岩。珊瑚礁与上覆地层的沉积界线可以清晰识别,珊瑚礁盖层主要为一套灰色生物碎屑颗粒灰岩,生物颗粒包括非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、钙质藻类、腕足类和腹足类等(图2,3)。
珊瑚礁内发育有大量的䗴类化石,包括Pseudoschwagerina aktijubensisP. beedeiP. cf. convexa,P. cf. texana,P. muongthensisP. truncataP. uddeni,P. zhongzanicaQuasifusulina arcaQ. deshengensisQ.elegantaQ.spatiosaQ.tenuissimaRauserites jucundusR. noinskyi subsp.plicatusRugosofusulina hutienensisSphaeroschwagerina constansS. subrotunda和S.sphaerica图3)。PseudoschwagerinaSphaero⁃schwagerina等膨胀型䗴类的出现作为二叠系底界的标志。在贵州西部地区,以Sphaeroschwagerina sphaericaPseudoschwagerina uddeni的始现面作为紫松阶的底界,即阿瑟尔阶下部(张遴信等,2010)。Rauserites繁盛于格舍尔阶,部分属种延限至阿瑟尔阶下部。Rauserites variabilisRauserites noinskyi subsp. plicatus在中国南方地区分布广泛,层位较为稳定,通常被认为是格舍尔阶上部的典型分子,并延限至阿瑟尔阶下部(陈旭和王建华,1983肖伟民等,1986周铁明等,1987陈庚保等,1991张遴信等,2010)。QuasifusulinaRugosofusulina广泛分布于中国南方地区格舍尔阶—阿瑟尔阶(张遴信等,2010史宇坤等,2012)。综上所述,窝托村珊瑚礁出露的时代为阿瑟尔期早期,对应Pseudoschwagerina uddeni延限带(肖伟民等,1986)。
研究区珊瑚礁礁体内,造礁珊瑚为笙丛状复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella,定殖于生物碎屑滩之上,基底中含有Tubiphytes和微生物丝状体等生物碎屑颗粒,Tubiphytes和微生物丝状体具有黏结沉积颗粒的功能,能够增加造礁珊瑚Fomichevella定殖基底的稳固性(Wang et al.,1994Flügel,2010)。礁体内部,珊瑚的含量占珊瑚礁体积的60%~80%,Fomichevella个体直径为2~5 cm不等。珊瑚礁建造过程中,Fomichevella呈笙丛状排列并在原地直立或近直立生长,以出芽生殖方式增加珊瑚群体数量并扩大生存空间,搭建稳定的珊瑚骨架,形成较为坚固的抗浪屏障(图4a,b)。群落中的其他生物依附于Fomichevella营造的礁体内部环境生存。珊瑚骨架内部发育原生空隙,部分空隙在后期成岩过程中被方解石充填,形成栉壳结构(图4c),礁体内方解石胶结物的含量介于20%~30%。珊瑚礁的上部和边部位置,Fomichevella个体直径相对较小,大部分珊瑚体仍保持直立生长状态,但是倒伏生长的珊瑚体明显增加,在局部位置造礁珊瑚Fomichevella呈层状产出。
窝托村珊瑚礁内附礁生物的丰度和多样性较高,主要含有非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、腕足类、腹足类和钙质藻类等(图5)。在礁体的不同位置,附礁生物的丰度和分异度不同。附礁生物的生长和发育是造礁生物生长、造礁群落演替和珊瑚礁礁体建造的保证,使得窝托村珊瑚礁生态系统稳定。
对窝托村珊瑚礁剖面进行了系统的露头观测与采样。为进行微相分析,采集磨制了600余张岩石薄片,其中岩相样品共磨制薄片350余个。这些薄片系统采集自珊瑚礁体内部、礁下伏地层和礁上覆地层的不同岩性单元。其中礁核部位薄片40余块,礁翼部位薄片60余块,下伏地层薄片120块,上覆地层薄片20块,确保了样品的空间代表性和对不同岩相单元的覆盖。
通过对窝托村珊瑚礁及其上下岩层的微相研究发现,微相类型包括生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、珊瑚障积岩、Tubiphytes—藻屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩、丛状珊瑚骨架岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩和含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩。其中,珊瑚礁礁体内部主要发育生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、丛状珊瑚骨架岩和生物碎屑粒泥灰岩。珊瑚礁下伏地层微相类型为生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、珊瑚障积岩、Tubiphytes—藻屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩和叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩,上覆地层的微相类型为含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩和生物碎屑颗粒灰岩(图6)。
该微相类型由丛状复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella搭建骨架形成(图7a),为原地直立或近直立生长,并发育明显的原生栉壳结构。珊瑚骨架内部主要由泥晶颗粒、似球粒和生物碎屑充填,主要的生物碎屑包括非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、腕足类碎片和钙质藻类等。珊瑚骨架岩内部分颗粒具有泥晶化,说明礁体建造时期有一定的微生物活动。
生物碎屑粒泥岩中泥晶含量高,主要的生物颗粒包括非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、钙质藻类和Tubiphytes,保存比较完好,含量为10%~20%(图7b)。颗粒之间的空隙被泥晶和泥粒充填,没有明显的亮晶方解石胶结作用。
该微相类型普遍发育碳酸盐岩台地边缘的浅海生物,包括有孔虫、细小海百合茎、钙质藻类、微生物丝状体、腕足类碎片和Tubiphytes等(图7c)。生物碎屑颗粒大小混杂,分选性差,没有明显的磨圆,部分生物碎屑颗粒具有泥晶化。生物碎屑颗粒之间的空隙主要被泥晶和泥粒充填,含有少量的亮晶方解石。
窝托村珊瑚礁礁核及礁前以丛状珊瑚骨架岩为主体,骨架间隙或生长构造内部充填物及邻近区域常发育生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩。礁体内部、礁后或礁体向台地方向的边缘部位,则以生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩及生物碎屑粒泥灰岩为主,代表礁相但低能水动力条件的沉积环境。
该微相类型发育在窝托村珊瑚礁下伏地层中,以含有大量Tubiphytes和藻类碎屑为特征,主要的钙质藻类碎屑颗粒包括粗枝藻和叶状藻等,其他生物碎屑颗粒可见非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、苔藓虫、海百合和腕足类碎片等(图7d)。非生物碎屑颗粒可见泥粒、似球粒、包壳颗粒和泥晶团块等。颗粒分选较差,大小0.2~10.0 mm不等。颗粒之间由亮晶方解石、泥晶和泥粒充填。
生物碎屑颗粒灰岩主要发育在珊瑚礁下伏地层和上覆地层之中,生物碎屑颗粒为非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、钙质藻类、海百合和少量的腕足类碎片等,含量约占岩石总体积的50%~60%(图7e)。生物碎屑颗粒大小为0.1~5.0 mm不等,分选性差,磨圆性较差。生物碎屑颗粒多数具有泥晶包壳,部分被完全泥晶化。生物颗粒之间的空隙主要由亮晶方解石充填。
含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩发育在珊瑚礁上覆地层,主要的生物颗粒为非䗴有孔虫和䗴类,含量约50%~60%,伴生有集合颗粒(图7f)。可见史塔夫䗴类和假内卷䗴类化石出现,史塔夫䗴具有明显的重结晶现象。颗粒无定向性,分选差,颗粒大小为1~10 mm不等。生物颗粒之间的空隙由亮晶方解石和少量的泥晶充填。
该微相类型发育在珊瑚礁的下部位置,以小规模的珊瑚层形式出现(图8a)。珊瑚个体均为单体珊瑚,均发育轴部构造,个体直径为0.5~3.0 cm不等。珊瑚体保存完好,多为原位直立生长,个体间发育原生栉壳结构(图8b)。珊瑚体之间的泥晶物质和生物碎屑等细小的颗粒通过珊瑚障积作用,在水动力减弱的地方沉积下来,且常见珊瑚体被钙质微生物丝状体缠绕和包裹(图8c)。
叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩发育在珊瑚礁下伏地层之中,叶状藻发育良好,搭建起骨架,内部发育原生栉壳(图8d,e),为原地或近原地生长。叶状藻藻片宽大且厚,波状起伏,藻片局部可见叶状藻孢子囊(图8f)。藻片之间多被泥晶和泥粒充填,可见少量细小的非䗴有孔虫、䗴类和钙质藻类的碎片。
下伏地层底部通常发育生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩和Tubiphytes—藻屑泥粒灰岩,指示台地边缘的低到中等能量、适宜底栖生物(有孔虫、Tubiphytes、藻类)生存的沉积环境。向上靠近礁基底的位置,出现珊瑚障积岩(多以小的层状透镜体形式存在于剖面下部),以小规模单体珊瑚为主并发育障积构造。位于下伏地层之中的叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩代表另一种重要的生物建造类型,可能形成于台地边缘浪基面之下浅水透光带内具有中低能水动力条件的环境中。局部区域出现分选较好的生物碎屑颗粒灰岩,指示下伏地层在礁生长之前曾经历短暂的水体能量增高事件或处于更高能的砂质浅滩环境。
窝托村珊瑚礁剖面自下而上展示了从台地边缘中—低能台地边缘沉积环境到叶状藻/珊瑚障积岩,再到Fomichevella丛状珊瑚礁的完整序列。这种序列清晰地记录了礁体从基底形成、繁盛建造到消亡的演化过程。
宾夕法尼亚亚纪末期到早二叠世萨克马尔期,受到晚古生代冰期的影响,显著的冰期—间冰期变化导致相对海平面频繁变化(Ross and Ross,1988Haq and Schutter,2008)。造礁群落的演替和碳酸盐岩沉积的变化是控制生物礁生长、发育和演化的直接因素(Copper,1988王向东和沈建伟,2004),与海水温度和相对海平面变化等因素密切相关(Wood,1999Yao and Wang,2016)。
上述海平面与水温波动会直接影响礁区内生物群落结构与生存条件,因此通过分析造礁群落中生物与生物之间和生物与环境之间的关系,能够反映礁体的建造过程、演化机制和沉积环境特征,为早二叠世古海洋环境特征提供新认识。
阿瑟尔期,本剖面珊瑚礁生长的初始阶段定殖于一套生物碎屑滩之上,主要为生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩微相类型,可见䗴类、有孔虫、海百合、钙质藻类、微生物丝状体和Tubiphytes等生物碎屑颗粒(图9a)。Tubiphytes和微生物丝状体具有黏结功能,增加了Fomichevella在基底定殖的稳固性。这为礁体的定殖提供了初始基底。丛状复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella是珊瑚礁主要的建造者,以无性出芽生殖方式搭建骨架,扩大个体占据有利的空间生态位,从而使珊瑚礁礁体结构更加致密和稳定,具有较强的抵抗风浪的能力。阿瑟尔期早期,晚古生代冰川作用加强,全球海平面频繁变化(Aretz,2001Isbell et al.,2012Yao et al.,2016)。珊瑚礁下伏地层沉积微相类型多样(图6),生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、Tubiphytes—藻屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩的频繁变化出现指示了水动力条件及水深的频繁波动,仅发育小规模层状或透镜状的珊瑚障积岩和叶状藻障积岩。当相对海平面上升到适宜造礁珊瑚Fomichevella生长的条件时,Fomichevella开始定殖(图9b)。珊瑚礁建造过程中,珊瑚骨架岩之间的泥晶含量显著增加,颗粒含量减少,反映了该时期水体加深,水动力条件较低(Flügel,2010)(图9c)。在礁体建造后期,由于相对海平面下降,水动力条件变强,局部位置出现珊瑚障积岩与含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩互层的现象,最终珊瑚礁停止发育(图9c)。珊瑚礁上覆岩层的沉积微相类型为生物碎屑颗粒灰岩,生物碎屑和亮晶方解石的含量显著增加,指示了相对海平面的大幅度降低和水动力作用的显著增强(Flügel,2010)(图9d)。萨克马尔期,黔南高寨地区发育珊瑚礁。虽然高寨珊瑚礁的造礁生物与窝托珊瑚礁略有不同,高寨造礁生物主要为复体四射珊瑚Fomichevella,以及少量的单体四射珊瑚BothrophyllumTimania和复体珊瑚Kepingophyllum王立芙等,2025)。但高寨珊瑚礁的生长和发育模式与窝托珊瑚礁十分相似,主要受相对海平面变化的影响,相对海平面的升高和降低促进了珊瑚礁的生长和衰亡(王立芙等,2025)。
前人研究表明,早石炭世杜内期—早二叠世亚丁斯克期生物礁的发育与晚古生代冰期之间表现出较好的耦合关系(巩恩普等,2021)(图10)。由此认为,冰期—间冰期旋回是控制古海洋温度变化和全球海平面变化的主要因素,对中国南方地区晚古生代珊瑚礁演化起到至关重要的作用(Yao and Wang,2016巩恩普等,2021)。
宾夕法尼亚亚纪末期至早二叠世早期被认为是晚古生代冰期的一段盛冰期(Fielding et al.,2008aIsbell et al.,2012Montañez and Poulsen,2013),但是此次盛冰期并未对低纬度地区海洋环境和生物礁系造成致命的冲击。在格舍尔期末期—阿瑟尔期早期,发生了一次短暂的全球变暖事件(Yang et al.,2020),温暖的古气候条件和相对海平面的上升促进了黔南地区阿瑟尔期早期珊瑚礁的发育。地史时期造礁珊瑚的生长发育和珊瑚礁的建造与现代海洋珊瑚礁生长发育所需的水温基本一致,礁体生长最适宜的温度为25 ℃~29 ℃(Yang et al.,2020)。前人通过贵州地区早二叠世牙形刺氧同位素值计算古海洋海水温度,重建的古海洋温度介于24 °C~30 °C(Chen et al.,2016)。上述结果指示了早二叠世早期古海洋温度是适宜珊瑚礁生长和发育的,晚古生代冰期并未对古特提斯洋地区的古海洋温度造成巨大影响。阿瑟尔期冰川作用的发育对该时期相对海平面变化的影响较大,海平面频繁变化和水体动能增强(Aretz and Herbig,2003Aretz,20012010Yao et al.,2016)是影响黔南地区造礁珊瑚稳定生长和珊瑚礁持续发育的主要原因,导致礁体稳定性较弱。当珊瑚骨架无法长时间抵御频繁的水动能变化时,珊瑚礁停止发育。在短暂的温暖事件之后,晚古生代冰川作用再次加强(Ross and Ross,1988Isbell et al.,2003Fielding et al.,2008a2008bHaq and Schutter,2008Buggisch et al.,2011Montañez and Poulsen,2013Chen et al.,2018)。萨克马尔期的珊瑚礁规模小,珊瑚骨架稳定性较低,这可能与该时期复杂波动的冰期—间冰期转换有关。晚古生代冰川作用在阿瑟尔期—萨克马尔期早期达到顶峰,冈瓦纳大陆的各个地区均发育冰川沉积物。随后,晚古生代冰期的主要冰盖开始消融(Isbell et al.,2003Fielding et al.,2008a2008cMontañez and Poulsen,2013Frank et al.,2015王立芙等,2025)。
(1) 黔南紫云地区窝托村珊瑚礁发育于早二叠世阿瑟尔期,造礁生物为丛状复体四射珊瑚FomichevellaFomichevella以无性出芽生殖方式搭建骨架并占据有利的空间生态位,使珊瑚礁礁体结构更加致密和稳定,具有较强的抵抗风浪的能力。主要的附礁生物有非䗴有孔虫、䗴类、腕足类、苔藓虫类、海百合、钙质藻类和Tubiphytes等。
(2) 窝托村珊瑚礁碳酸盐岩沉积微相类型多样,包括生物碎屑粒泥灰岩—泥粒灰岩、珊瑚障积岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑颗粒灰岩、叶状藻—胶结物骨架岩、丛状珊瑚骨架岩、生物碎屑粒泥灰岩和含䗴有孔虫颗粒灰岩。沉积微相的变化可以反映相对海平面变化,相对海平面变化导致的水动能强弱变化是控制珊瑚礁生长发育的主要原因。
(3) 早二叠世阿瑟尔期—萨克马尔期,晚古生代冰期引起多次冰期—间冰期的交替,导致相对海平面的频繁变化和古海洋温度变化。该时期黔南地区珊瑚礁的复苏和繁盛是造礁珊瑚的繁盛、晚古生代冰川作用减弱导致的古气候变暖和相对海平面升高共同作用的结果。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42272008)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41972002)
  • 辽宁石油化工大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目(2024XJJL-025)
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2026年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2025.028
  • 接收时间:2025-03-03
  • 首发时间:2026-09-02
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-03
  • 修回日期:2025-07-19
  • 录用日期:2025-08-21
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(42272008)
国家自然科学基金项目(42272008)
国家自然科学基金项目(41972002)
Talent Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Petrochemical University(2024XJJL-025)
辽宁石油化工大学引进人才科研启动基金资助项目(2024XJJL-025)
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    1.东北大学资源与土木工程学院,沈阳 110819
    2.辽宁石油化工大学绿色矿业与资源工程学院,辽宁 抚顺 113001

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王立芙,女,讲师,古生物学与地层学,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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