Article(id=1307264847075365550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264513963750099, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1725811200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-09, revisedDate=1729785600000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-25, acceptedDate=1732809600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-29, onlineDate=1789605827349, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605827349, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605827349, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605827349, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264513963750099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='404', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605747929, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605747929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=387, endPage=404, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264847255720623, articleId=1307264847075365550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Diagenesis and High-Quality Reservoir Development Model of the Xu3 Member Tight Sandstone in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aimed to define the high-quality reservoir development model of the Xu3 member in the source rock stratum, that is, the tight sandstone gas exploration in the Xu3 member of the Xujiahe Formation, Western Sichuan Depression, and provide theoretical guidance. Methods The core, thin section, scanning electron microscope, fluid inclusion, situ stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, porosity, and permeability data were integrated. Based on the basic characteristics of Xu3 member tight sandstone reservoirs in the Western Sichuan Depression and the types of diagenesis, the heterogeneity of the reservoirs and the development model of high-quality reservoirs were analyzed systematically. Results The results show that lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone were the main rock type of the Xu3 member, and the reservoir space was primarily composed of intragranular dissolution pores and fractures, with porosity less than 7% and permeability less than 1×10-3μm2. Therefore, the sandstone reservoirs could be divided into intragranular dissolution pore and fracture- intragranular dissolution pore types. The diagenesis of the Xu3 member sandstones included compaction, cementation, and dissolution and experienced early humic acid, middle organic acid, and late hydrothermal fluids during the evolution process. In addition, two types of vertical sedimentary cycles, sandstone with sandstone and sandstone with mudstone, were identified in the Xu3 member. Conclusions The results indicated that the tight sandstone was altered by the early humic acid and middle organic acid continuously via the intergranular pore throat and fracture and in favour of reservoir formation. However, the late hydrothermal fluid acted solely in the late large scale fracture and had an insignificant effect on reservoir quality. In addition, the high-quality reservoir of the sandstone with the sandstone vertical sedimentary cycle mainly developed in the lower part of the cycle which characterized by relatively coarse-grain, but the high-quality reservoir of the sandstone with mudstone vertical sedimentary cycle mainly developed in the lower part of the cycle with relatively coarse-grain; the upper part of the cycle is adjacent to the mudstone.

, authors=ZiLong WANG1, 2, MingJie LIU1, Bo CAO3, YingTao YANG3, Peng HUANG1, ChengBo LIAN1, Cheng HUANG1, authorsList=ZiLong WANG, MingJie LIU, Bo CAO, YingTao YANG, Peng HUANG, ChengBo LIAN, Cheng HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=MingJie LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU MingJie, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264850552443594, articleId=1307264847075365550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=四川盆地川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩成岩作用与优质储层发育模式, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 明确烃源岩层须三段中致密砂岩优质储层发育模式,为川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩气勘探开发提供理论指导。 方法 综合岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、包裹体、原位碳氧同位素以及孔渗等资料,开展川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层基本特征及成岩作用类型表征,在此基础上对储层非均质性及优质储层发育模式进行系统分析。 结果 川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层主要岩石类型为岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,储集空间以粒内溶孔和裂缝为主,孔隙度小于7%,渗透率小于1×10-3 μm2,可划分为粒内溶孔型和裂缝—粒内溶孔型两类储层。砂岩储层成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用(石英、碳酸盐、黏土和长石)和溶蚀作用,在演化过程中分别受早期腐殖酸、中期有机酸和晚期热液流体改造。须三段可识别出砂岩—砂岩和砂岩—泥岩两类垂向叠置单沉积旋回。 结论 早期的腐殖酸和中期的有机酸可通过粒间孔喉和裂缝迁移,对储层进行接力溶蚀成孔改造,有利于储层的形成,而晚期热液流体仅局限作用于粗大裂缝中,对储层质量无实质影响;砂岩—砂岩垂向叠置在单沉积旋回中,优质储层主要发育在粒度相对较粗的旋回下部,砂岩—泥岩垂向叠置在单沉积旋回中,优质储层主要发育在粒度相对较粗的旋回下部和近泥岩段的旋回上部。

, authors=王子龙1, 2, 刘明洁1, 曹波3, 杨映涛3, 黄鹏1, 连承波1, 黄程1, authorsList=王子龙, 刘明洁, 曹波, 杨映涛, 黄鹏, 连承波, 黄程, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘明洁, authorNote=

王子龙,男,2000年出生,硕士研究生,油气储层地质学,E-mail:

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刘明洁,男,副教授,油气储层地质学,E-mail:
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(a) location of the Western Sichuan Depression; (b) tectonic zoning of the Western Sichuan Depression and planar distribution of sedimentary facies in Xu3 member; (c) stratigraphy of the Xujiahe Formation

, figureFileSmall=Sw+fPztcOjAHtwKGaoIkpw==, figureFileBig=TumRLErZNCJiMmeFhDw3BQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855040348931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图1, caption=川西坳陷位置、构造分区、须三段沉积相平面分布及须家河组地层柱状图(沉积相展布据付振柯等,2022修改)

(a)川西坳陷位置;(b)川西坳陷构造分区及须三段沉积相平面分布;(c)须家河组地层柱状图

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(a) lithologic triangulation; (b) histogram of grain size distribution; (c) lithic quartz sandstone, well DY1, 4 634.67 m, cross⁃polarized light (XPL); (d) lithic sandstone, well X856, 3 991.45 m, XPL

, figureFileSmall=JULn99sbCMxMQlr/wb7gvQ==, figureFileBig=FoF2NutVZj6kiyakxqgETQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855317172997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图2, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层岩石学特征

(a)岩性三角图;(b)粒度分布直方图;(c)岩屑石英砂岩,DY1井,4 634.67 m,正交偏光;(d)岩屑砂岩,X856井,3 991.45 m,正交偏光

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(a) feldspar dissolution pore, well CM39, 5 116.73 m, plane-polarized light (PPL); (b) rock fragments dissolution pore, well CZ108, 4 762.29 m, PPL; (c) grain completely dissolved, well Y3, 3 425.24 m, PPL; (d) fracture, well DY2, 4 639.36 m, PPL

, figureFileSmall=uzXxyHFJbwE9u6EAAM/smg==, figureFileBig=KLPlr06uZK1o5erAGuuorg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855459779335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图3, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层储集空间类型(蓝色为铸体薄片孔隙)

(a)长石溶蚀孔,CM39井,5 116.73 m,单偏光;(b)岩屑溶蚀孔,CZ108井,4 762.29 m,单偏光;(c)铸模孔,Y3井,3 425.24 m,单偏光;(d)裂缝,DY2井,4 639.36 m,单偏光

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(a) histogram of porosity distribution; (b) histogram of permeability distribution; (c) cross plot of porosity and permeability

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(a)孔隙度分布直方图;(b)渗透率分布直方图;(c)孔隙度—渗透率交会图

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(a) point contact, well DY101, 4 611.73 m, PPL; (b) line contact and feldspar grain extrusion deformation rupture, well DY4, 5 005.60 m, XPL; (c) line-convex contact is predominant, and suture contact is occasionally seen, well CZ108, 4 762.29 m, XPL; (d) two generations of quartz overgrowth, well DY102, 4 591.37 m, XPL; (e) quartz crystal filling intergranular pores, well X856, 4 217.10 m, PPL; (f) calcite filling intergranular and intragranular pores, well CY95, 3 523.26 m, PPL; (g) dolomite-filling intergranular pores, well DY2, 4 605.50 m, PPL; (h) ferrocalcite and ankerite are filling with intergranular and intragranular pores, well X856, 3 997.53 m, PPL; (i) calcite filling fracture, well DY102, 4 599.16 m, PPL; An. ankerite; Ca. calcite; Do. dolomite; Fc. ferrocalcite; Qc. quartz crystal; Qo. quartz overgrowth

, figureFileSmall=J5gSn4P4Df9Ep6xAtvStFw==, figureFileBig=epc26yBO4pNTLFFq+3MOOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855753380619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图5, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层压实作用、石英和碳酸盐胶结作用特征

(a)点接触,DY101井,4 611.73 m,单偏光;(b)线接触及长石颗粒挤压变形破裂,DY4井,5 005.60 m,正交偏光;(c)线—凹凸接触为主,偶见缝合接触,CZ108井,4 762.29 m,正交偏光;(d)两期石英次生加大,DY102井,4 591.37 m,正交偏光;(e)自生石英晶体充填粒间孔,X856井,4 217.10 m,单偏光;(f)方解石充填粒间孔及粒内溶孔,CY95井,3 523.26 m,单偏光;(g)白云石充填粒间孔,DY2井,4 605.50 m,单偏光;(h)铁方解石、铁白云石充填粒间孔及粒内溶孔,X856井,3 997.53 m,单偏光;(i)方解石充填裂缝,DY102井,4 599.16 m,单偏光;An.铁白云石;Ca.方解石;Do.白云石;Fc.铁方解石;Qc.自生石英晶体;Qo.石英次生加大

, figureFileSmall=J5gSn4P4Df9Ep6xAtvStFw==, figureFileBig=epc26yBO4pNTLFFq+3MOOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855820489484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Histogram of aqueous inclusion homogenization temperatures in cements from the Xu3 member sandstone reservoir, Western Sichuan Depression, figureFileSmall=bv5NkRlppto36+WcfuapDg==, figureFileBig=YGxnx3qlyvE1+M/vepovPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855891792653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图6, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层胶结物盐水包裹体均一温度直方图, figureFileSmall=bv5NkRlppto36+WcfuapDg==, figureFileBig=YGxnx3qlyvE1+M/vepovPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264855975678734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Characteristics of clay and feldspar cementation and dissolution in the Xu3 member sandstone reservoir, Western Sichuan Depression

(a) kaolinite filling intragranular pores, well Y3, 3 427.31 m, PPL; (b) kaolinite filling intergranular pores, well CX568, 4 080.73 m, scanning electron microscope (SEM); (c) illite filling intergranular pores, well Y3, 3 427.60 m, SEM; (d) illite filling feldspar dissolution pore, well DY6, 5 562.12 m, SEM; (e) grain-coating chlorite, well DY2, 4 614.76 m, SEM; (f) feldspar overgrowth, well DY102, 4 593.42 m, XPL; (g) albite filling feldspar dissolution pores, well DY2, 4 614.76 m, SEM; (h) calcite filling dolomite fragment dissolution pores, well DY102, 4 693.00 m, PPL; (i) ferrocalcite filling dolomite fragment dissolution pores, well Y3, 3 429.60 m, PPL; A. albite; Ca. calcite; Ch. chlorite; Df. dolomite fragment; F. feldspar; Fc. ferrocalcite; Fo. feldspar overgrowth; I. illite; K. kaolinite; Qc. quartz crystal

, figureFileSmall=U7XqmKHxl8zItoxp3tN8Ag==, figureFileBig=wuT0qa6Yok+1mdSiY18Xlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856051176207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图7, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层黏土和长石胶结作用、溶蚀作用特征

(a)高岭石充填粒内溶孔,Y3井,3 427.31 m,单偏光;(b)高岭石充填粒间孔,CX568井,4 080.73 m,扫描电镜;(c)伊利石充填粒间孔,Y3井,3 427.60 m,扫描电镜;(d)伊利石充填长石粒内溶孔,DY6井,5 562.12 m,扫描电镜;(e)颗粒表面绿泥石膜,DY2井,4 614.76 m,扫描电镜;(f)长石次生加大,DY102井,4 593.42 m,正交光;(g)钠长石充填长石粒内溶孔,DY2井,4 614.76 m,扫描电镜;(h)方解石充填白云岩岩屑粒内溶孔,DY102井,4 693.00 m,单偏光;(i)铁方解石充填白云岩岩屑粒内溶孔,Y3井,3 429.60 m,单偏光;A.钠长石;Ca.方解石;Ch.绿泥石;Df.白云岩岩屑;F.长石颗粒;Fc.铁方解石;Fo.长石次生加大;I.伊利石;K.高岭石;Qc.自生石英晶体

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(a) fracture-intragranular dissolved pores; (b) intragranular dissolved pores

, figureFileSmall=tXn5nt9FJxtShuJ6ZkL8jg==, figureFileBig=f+bHVS+kOXhccimUAIpZZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856185393937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图8, caption=川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层碳酸盐胶结物原位碳氧同位素特征

(a)裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层;(b)粒内溶孔型储层

, figureFileSmall=tXn5nt9FJxtShuJ6ZkL8jg==, figureFileBig=f+bHVS+kOXhccimUAIpZZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856269280018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Formation and evolution model for the reservoir type with fracture⁃intergranular dissolved pores in the Xu3 member, Western Sichuan Depression, figureFileSmall=BSsDZkuWRSXMaPhN7ROS9Q==, figureFileBig=MpgYRV6sdOQkWLT084CShg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856340583187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图9, caption=川西坳陷须三段裂缝—粒内溶孔型砂岩储层形成演化模式图, figureFileSmall=BSsDZkuWRSXMaPhN7ROS9Q==, figureFileBig=MpgYRV6sdOQkWLT084CShg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856407692052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Formation and evolution model for the reservoir type with intergranular dissolved pores in the Xu3 member, Western Sichuan Depression, figureFileSmall=RcFBcrVq20KSaaNzUH4JWA==, figureFileBig=/2W3sAzGQY3XTgZj4ehh9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856474800917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图10, caption=川西坳陷须三段粒内溶孔型砂岩储层形成演化模式图, figureFileSmall=RcFBcrVq20KSaaNzUH4JWA==, figureFileBig=/2W3sAzGQY3XTgZj4ehh9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264856550298390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Characteristics of sandstone with the mudstone vertical sedimentary cycle in the Xu3 member, Western Sichuan Depression, figureFileSmall=8xRd9nBwYSxLcsyX7BSFDg==, figureFileBig=dKVVNAZkzhovWJB+ncEb6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264858207048471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图11, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩—泥岩垂向叠置旋回特征, figureFileSmall=8xRd9nBwYSxLcsyX7BSFDg==, figureFileBig=dKVVNAZkzhovWJB+ncEb6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264858303517464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Characteristics of sandstone with the sandstone vertical sedimentary cycle in the Xu3 member, Western Sichuan Depression, figureFileSmall=k7fYi9x5bZJuwmOm0qpcJw==, figureFileBig=yVxjAscJZzna1qIYAy0CVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264858412569369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=图12, caption=川西坳陷须三段砂岩—砂岩垂向叠置旋回特征, figureFileSmall=k7fYi9x5bZJuwmOm0qpcJw==, figureFileBig=yVxjAscJZzna1qIYAy0CVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264858479678234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Model of reservoir vertical development in the single cycle of the Xu3 member, Western Sichuan Depression

(a) sandstone with mudstone vertical sedimentary cycle; (b) sandstone with sandstone vertical sedimentary cycle

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(a)砂岩—泥岩沉积旋回;(b)砂岩—砂岩沉积旋回

, figureFileSmall=UagoO7UZYDwJWdRqY/zVMg==, figureFileBig=COoMn/bZD7lzkgPqHERiHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264858655839004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=EN, label=Table1, caption=

In situ carbon and oxygen isotope data of tight sandstone carbonate cements in the Xu3 member sandstone reservoir, Western Sichuan Depression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层类型井名深度/mδ18OV-PDB/‰δ13CV-PDB/‰赋存位置
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-17.35-7.21粒间
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-18.68-7.16粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-18.62-6.53粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-8.63-3.02粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-15.14-6.87粒间
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-15.59-6.32粒间
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-16.58-6.63粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-11.26-4.07粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-12.46-3.30粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-9.42-3.91粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-9.36-2.36粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-6.57-0.80粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-7.790.00粒间
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-7.11-2.14粒内
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-7.68-3.35粒内
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-19.87-6.95粒内
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-16.23-7.15粒内
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-5.64-1.73粒内
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-11.26-3.15粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-19.07-7.01粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-7.62-0.97粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-8.67-1.84粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-14.47-6.58粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-15.19-5.98粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-18.28-7.56粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-9.84-3.47粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-12.69-3.24粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-10.37-3.95粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 532.81-15.97-7.64粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 532.81-16.23-6.87粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-17.43-6.89粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-17.91-6.36粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-12.57-2.94粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-5.85-1.39粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-11.35-1.49粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-12.16-1.63粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-11.62-1.69粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-18.79-1.25裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-17.95-1.06裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-18.14-1.48裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 605.02-20.11-1.42裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 605.02-20.36-1.64裂缝内
), ArticleFig(id=1307264858752307997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264847075365550, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩碳酸盐胶结物原位碳氧同位素数据表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层类型井名深度/mδ18OV-PDB/‰δ13CV-PDB/‰赋存位置
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-17.35-7.21粒间
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-18.68-7.16粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-18.62-6.53粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-8.63-3.02粒间
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-15.14-6.87粒间
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-15.59-6.32粒间
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-16.58-6.63粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-11.26-4.07粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-12.46-3.30粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-9.42-3.91粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-9.36-2.36粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-6.57-0.80粒间
粒内溶孔型Y33 424.01-7.790.00粒间
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-7.11-2.14粒内
粒内溶孔型CM395 119.41-7.68-3.35粒内
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-19.87-6.95粒内
粒内溶孔型CY953 523.26-16.23-7.15粒内
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-5.64-1.73粒内
粒内溶孔型X8563 996.04-11.26-3.15粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-19.07-7.01粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-7.62-0.97粒内
粒内溶孔型Y33 425.24-8.67-1.84粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-14.47-6.58粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-15.19-5.98粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-18.28-7.56粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-9.84-3.47粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-12.69-3.24粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-10.37-3.95粒间
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 532.81-15.97-7.64粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 532.81-16.23-6.87粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-17.43-6.89粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 590.68-17.91-6.36粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-12.57-2.94粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 611.68-5.85-1.39粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-11.35-1.49粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-12.16-1.63粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 618.93-11.62-1.69粒内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-18.79-1.25裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-17.95-1.06裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY1024 599.16-18.14-1.48裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 605.02-20.11-1.42裂缝内
裂缝—粒内溶孔型DY24 605.02-20.36-1.64裂缝内
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四川盆地川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩成岩作用与优质储层发育模式
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王子龙 1, 2 , 刘明洁 1 , 曹波 3 , 杨映涛 3 , 黄鹏 1 , 连承波 1 , 黄程 1
沉积学报 | 2026,44(1): 387-404
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (1) : 387 -404
四川盆地川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩成岩作用与优质储层发育模式
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王子龙1, 2 , 刘明洁1 , 曹波3, 杨映涛3, 黄鹏1, 连承波1, 黄程1
作者信息
  • 1.西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,成都 610500
  • 2.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏无锡 214126 3. 中国石化西南油气分公司,成都 610041
  • 3.中国石化西南油气分公司, 成都 610041
通讯作者:
刘明洁,男,副教授,油气储层地质学,E-mail:
作者简介:

王子龙,男,2000年出生,硕士研究生,油气储层地质学,E-mail:

Diagenesis and High-Quality Reservoir Development Model of the Xu3 Member Tight Sandstone in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin
ZiLong WANG1, 2 , MingJie LIU1 , Bo CAO3, YingTao YANG3, Peng HUANG1, ChengBo LIAN1, Cheng HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
  • 2.Wuxi Institute of Petroleum Geology, SINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Wuxi Jiangsu, 214126, China
  • 3.Southwest Oil & Gas Company, SINOPEC, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU MingJie, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.113
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目的 明确烃源岩层须三段中致密砂岩优质储层发育模式,为川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩气勘探开发提供理论指导。 方法 综合岩心、薄片、扫描电镜、包裹体、原位碳氧同位素以及孔渗等资料,开展川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层基本特征及成岩作用类型表征,在此基础上对储层非均质性及优质储层发育模式进行系统分析。 结果 川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层主要岩石类型为岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,储集空间以粒内溶孔和裂缝为主,孔隙度小于7%,渗透率小于1×10-3 μm2,可划分为粒内溶孔型和裂缝—粒内溶孔型两类储层。砂岩储层成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用(石英、碳酸盐、黏土和长石)和溶蚀作用,在演化过程中分别受早期腐殖酸、中期有机酸和晚期热液流体改造。须三段可识别出砂岩—砂岩和砂岩—泥岩两类垂向叠置单沉积旋回。 结论 早期的腐殖酸和中期的有机酸可通过粒间孔喉和裂缝迁移,对储层进行接力溶蚀成孔改造,有利于储层的形成,而晚期热液流体仅局限作用于粗大裂缝中,对储层质量无实质影响;砂岩—砂岩垂向叠置在单沉积旋回中,优质储层主要发育在粒度相对较粗的旋回下部,砂岩—泥岩垂向叠置在单沉积旋回中,优质储层主要发育在粒度相对较粗的旋回下部和近泥岩段的旋回上部。

致密砂岩  /  成岩作用  /  储层发育模式  /  须三段  /  川西坳陷

Objective This study aimed to define the high-quality reservoir development model of the Xu3 member in the source rock stratum, that is, the tight sandstone gas exploration in the Xu3 member of the Xujiahe Formation, Western Sichuan Depression, and provide theoretical guidance. Methods The core, thin section, scanning electron microscope, fluid inclusion, situ stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, porosity, and permeability data were integrated. Based on the basic characteristics of Xu3 member tight sandstone reservoirs in the Western Sichuan Depression and the types of diagenesis, the heterogeneity of the reservoirs and the development model of high-quality reservoirs were analyzed systematically. Results The results show that lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone were the main rock type of the Xu3 member, and the reservoir space was primarily composed of intragranular dissolution pores and fractures, with porosity less than 7% and permeability less than 1×10-3μm2. Therefore, the sandstone reservoirs could be divided into intragranular dissolution pore and fracture- intragranular dissolution pore types. The diagenesis of the Xu3 member sandstones included compaction, cementation, and dissolution and experienced early humic acid, middle organic acid, and late hydrothermal fluids during the evolution process. In addition, two types of vertical sedimentary cycles, sandstone with sandstone and sandstone with mudstone, were identified in the Xu3 member. Conclusions The results indicated that the tight sandstone was altered by the early humic acid and middle organic acid continuously via the intergranular pore throat and fracture and in favour of reservoir formation. However, the late hydrothermal fluid acted solely in the late large scale fracture and had an insignificant effect on reservoir quality. In addition, the high-quality reservoir of the sandstone with the sandstone vertical sedimentary cycle mainly developed in the lower part of the cycle which characterized by relatively coarse-grain, but the high-quality reservoir of the sandstone with mudstone vertical sedimentary cycle mainly developed in the lower part of the cycle with relatively coarse-grain; the upper part of the cycle is adjacent to the mudstone.

tight sandstone  /  diagenesis  /  reservoir development model  /  Xu3 member  /  Western Sichuan Depression
王子龙, 刘明洁, 曹波, 杨映涛, 黄鹏, 连承波, 黄程. 四川盆地川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩成岩作用与优质储层发育模式. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (1) : 387 -404 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.113
ZiLong WANG, MingJie LIU, Bo CAO, YingTao YANG, Peng HUANG, ChengBo LIAN, Cheng HUANG. Diagenesis and High-Quality Reservoir Development Model of the Xu3 Member Tight Sandstone in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (1) : 387 -404 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.113
随着油气勘探开发的不断深入发展,在新理论与新技术创新推动下,非常规油气勘探不断取得突破(邱振和邹才能,2020侯栗丽等,2024),以致密砂岩气为代表的非常规油气资源,在现有经济技术条件下展现出巨大的潜力成为研究的热点,全球油气资源迎来二次扩展(朱筱敏等,2018李国欣和朱如凯,2020)。中国石油第四次油气资源评价结果表明,我国致密砂岩气资源丰富,地质资源量为21.85×1012 m3,四川盆地三叠系须家河组为典型的致密砂岩气产层,有利区面积12.89×104 km2,探明储量1.25×1012 m3孙龙德等,2019)。长期以来,四川盆地针对须家河组的勘探主要集中在须二段和须四段,先后发现合川、广安、新场等气田(罗超等,2016钟原等,2016刘君龙等,2020),而须三段因以泥岩沉积为主,多作为须家河组内部主要的烃源岩层系之一来研究。近年来,随着须家河组勘探程度的深入,须三段内部砂岩储层逐渐引起研究者关注,川西坳陷和川东北元坝地区先后钻获高产工业气井(汤建荣等,2015蔡宁波等,2021),表现出良好的勘探潜力。
前人研究表明,川西坳陷须三段源储一体,为典型的源内成藏,具备形成大规模致密砂岩气的有利条件(蔡宁波等,2021叶素娟等,2021付振柯等,2022)。但现阶段勘探实践发现,川西坳陷须三段天然气的成藏与富集程度存在较大差异,工业气井主要分布在南部DY地区,北部仅CL562井为工业气井,且同一区块相邻井之间产能差异显著(图1)。在源储一体条件下,须三段优质储层对致密气的形成与分布具有直接控制作用(叶素娟等,2021)。前人针对川西坳陷须三段储层研究表明,早期快速压实作用和碳酸盐、硅质胶结作用导致储层最终致密(叶素娟等,2021许晗等,2022);构造作用产生的裂缝和断层在一定程度上改善储层渗透性(王爱,2019);三角洲前缘处的砂体厚度较大、沉积颗粒粒度较粗、分选较好、杂基含量较低、初始孔隙度较高,有利于储层“甜点”发育(叶素娟等,2021付振柯等,2022)。但由于川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩普遍埋深较大(>3 000 m),储层经成岩作用强烈改造非均质性强,相关研究分析成岩作用时以对现今成岩作用类型和特征的定性描述为主(叶素娟等,2021付振柯等,2022),缺乏从流体—岩石相互作用的角度对成岩作用进行系统分析,也未充分考虑单沉积旋回垂向上储层成岩作用差异导致的储层非均质性,因此未能深入剖析成岩作用对优质储层的控制因素。针对上述问题,本次研究以川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层为研究对象,综合岩心、薄片以及多种储层分析测试手段,系统分析储层的基本特征与成岩作用类型,探讨流体—岩石相互作用下储层非均质性特征及影响因素,进而在单沉积旋回内部明确优质储层纵向发育模式,为川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩气勘探开发提供理论指导。
川西坳陷位于四川盆地西部,构造上处于扬子板块西北边缘,西临龙门山,向东逐渐过渡为川中隆起,南北分别以峨眉—瓦山断块和米仓山前缘为界,面积约5×104 km2田杨等,2021)(图1)。受晚三叠世以来印支、燕山和喜山多期构造运动影响,川西坳陷一直处于挤压构造背景下,整体呈北东—南西走向(张世华等,2019),可进一步划分为龙门山前缘冲断带、成都凹陷、梓潼凹陷、新场构造带和中江斜坡等次级构造(图1)。本次研究的须三段储层主要分布在龙门山前缘冲断带南部DY地区、龙门山前缘冲断带北部、成都凹陷和新场构造带。
川西坳陷须家河组沉积时为古特提斯海退出四川盆地之际(刘忠群等,2020),主要为在古生代—中三叠世海相地层之上沉积的一套陆相碎屑岩建造,岩性主要表现为灰色中、细砂岩与暗色泥、页岩互层,偶夹薄层煤线(图1)。川西须家河组从底到顶划分为须一、须二、须三、须四、须五和须六段,但须六段在川西地区多已被完全剥蚀(刘忠群等,2020)。其中须一、须三和须五段为湖平面相对上升时期,主要沉积厚层泥岩夹薄层砂岩,须二、须四和须六段为湖平面相对下降时期,主要沉积厚层砂岩夹薄层泥岩(刘明洁等,2021)(图1)。前人研究表明,须三段沉积时期,川西坳陷主要存在南部康滇古陆和北部龙门山北段两个不同物源体系,在坳陷南部和北部均发育三角洲前缘—前三角洲沉积环境,而中部主要为滨浅湖沉积环境(付振柯等,2022)(图1)。此外,须三段沉积末期因安县运动的影响,盆地整体抬升,在须三段地层顶界形成区域性不整合面(罗启后,2011)。
通过薄片镜下分析统计发现,川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层颗粒以石英和岩屑为主,长石含量较少。其中石英颗粒含量介于12.6%~89.9%(平均含量为61.6%),长石颗粒含量介于0~6.6%(平均含量为2.6%),岩屑颗粒含量介于8.7%~87.4%(平均含量为35.8%),主要表现为发育岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩(图2a,c,d)。川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层以中砂岩和细砂岩为主(图2b),碎屑颗粒分选差—中等,磨圆以次棱角状—次圆状为主,结构成熟度和成分成熟度差—中等。
根据铸体薄片镜下观察,川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层以粒内次生溶孔和裂缝为主,其中粒内溶孔主要为长石颗粒沿解理缝扩大溶蚀(图3a),以及岩屑颗粒中的铝硅酸盐矿物和碳酸盐矿物被酸性流体溶蚀(图3b)。当溶蚀程度较强时,整个颗粒可被完全溶蚀形成铸模孔(图3c)。此外,由于须三段经历了晚三叠世以来多期构造运动,镜下可见裂缝普遍发育且多为开启状态(图3d),偶见裂缝被溶蚀产物半充填—全充填。
川西坳陷须三段南北部不同单沉积旋回82块岩心样品实测孔渗数据表明,川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层孔隙度介于1.4%~6.7%(平均为3.8%),其中绝大部分样品介于2.0%~6.0%(占总样品数92.7%)(图4a);渗透率介于(0.016 9~0.642 3)×10-3 μm2(平均为0.094 9×10-3 μm2),其中(0.01~0.10)×10-3 μm2样品占74.4%,(0.1~1.0)×10-3 μm2样品占25.6%(图4b)。整体上,须三段砂岩孔隙度均小于7.0%,渗透率均小于1×10-3 μm2,为典型的致密砂岩储层。进一步结合储集空间类型发现(图3),部分砂岩储层孔渗相关性较好,随孔隙度的增加,渗透率呈正相关线性增加的趋势,主要表现为粒内溶孔型储层(图4c)。此外,部分砂岩储层镜下观察发现裂缝发育且随孔隙度增加,其渗透率相对粒内溶孔型储层普遍较大,表现为裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层(图4c)。
综合铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析,川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层在埋藏成岩过程中经历了压实作用、胶结作用和溶蚀作用,其中胶结作用包括石英胶结、碳酸盐胶结、黏土胶结和长石胶结。
前人研究表明,川西坳陷须家河组在晚白垩世达到最大埋深,此后逐渐抬升至今(冷济高等,2011刘忠群等,2020)。须三段砂岩现今埋深约3 000~6 000 m,除局部因粒间充填早期碳酸盐胶结物表现出较弱压实之外(图5a),压实强度普遍较大。整体上,颗粒间以线接触和线—凹凸接触关系为主,当须三段砂岩储层强烈压实时,局部可见长石颗粒被挤压变形破裂(图5b),以及颗粒间呈缝合接触关系(图5c)。
川西须三段砂岩储层石英胶结作用普遍发育,主要表现为石英次生加大和自生石英晶体,其中石英次生加大通常围绕石英颗粒共轴生长,镜下可见两期石英次生加大(图5d),表明存在两期石英胶结作用;自生石英晶体多生长在粒内溶孔,具有典型的六方锥晶形(图5e)。同时,石英次生加大边中所含盐水包裹体均一温度介于77 ℃~125 ℃,可见70 ℃~100 ℃以及110 ℃~130 ℃两个分布峰值区间(图6),表明存在早、晚两期石英胶结,与镜下岩相学特征一致。
川西坳陷须三段砂岩储层主要发育方解石、白云石、铁方解石和铁白云石等碳酸盐胶结物,多胶结充填粒间孔、粒内溶孔和裂缝。其中方解石和白云石在粒间和粒内广泛分布,粒间充填可使颗粒间以点—线接触关系为主(图5f,g),局部表现为近基底式胶结,颗粒呈漂浮状分布于胶结物之间(图5a),表明粒间方解石和白云石胶结作用发生在压实程度较弱的早期。而铁方解石和铁白云石分布较方解石和白云石略显局限,同时铁方解石和铁白云石多伴生出现,且粒间以充填铁方解石和铁白云石为主时,颗粒主要表现为线—凹凸接触,可见岩屑颗粒挤压变形(图5h),表明铁方解石和铁白云石胶结作用近同期发生在相对压实程度较强的晚期。此外,还可见粗—巨晶方解石完全充填粗大裂缝(图5i)。
在镜下岩相学特征分析的基础上,本次研究针对上述不同类型碳酸盐胶结物进行盐水包裹体分析发现,充填粒间的碳酸盐胶结物中包裹体均一温度介于68 ℃~117 ℃,整体分布区间较广且连续,可进一步划分为60 ℃~100 ℃以及100 ℃~120 ℃两个分布峰值区间,而充填粗大裂缝的粗—巨晶方解石胶结物中包裹体均一温度介于120 ℃~155 ℃(图6)。综合以上分析,须三段砂岩储层分别存在充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的早期方解石和白云石、进一步充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的中期铁方解石和铁白云石,以及充填粗大裂缝的晚期粗—巨晶方解石。
研究区致密砂岩储层中的黏土矿物主要包括高岭石、伊利石和绿泥石等。高岭石主要以假六方晶系形成书页状或蠕虫状集合体充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔(图7a,b)。伊利石在扫描电镜下,主要呈丝状或纤维状集合体充填孔隙,可与自生石英和被溶蚀的长石颗粒伴生产出(图7c,d)。此外,绿泥石主要以片状集合体覆盖于颗粒表面形成黏土包膜(图7e)。
川西须三段砂岩储层长石胶结作用仅在局部发育,显微镜下可观察到长石胶结物围绕长石颗粒不共轴生长形成长石次生加大,颗粒与加大边间的“尘线”清晰可见(图7f)。此外,扫描电镜下可见长石溶蚀产物自生钠长石充填长石粒内溶孔(图7g)。
如前所述,川西须三段溶蚀作用主要表现为长石、岩屑等易溶颗粒在酸性条件下的溶蚀(图3a~c)。此外,由于川西坳陷紧邻龙门山物源区,须三段砂岩储层普遍发育下伏海相地层白云岩岩屑溶蚀,且产生的粒内溶孔多被方解石、铁方解石等碳酸盐胶结物充填(图7h,i)。
研究区碎屑颗粒间以线接触和线—凹凸接触关系为主(图5b),成岩矿物包裹体均一温度最大不超过160 ℃(图6),且须三段储层中绝大部分样品的Ro值大于1.3%(蔡宁波等,2021),均表明须三段致密砂岩储层成岩阶段整体处于中成岩B期(王爱,2019许晗等,2022)。须三段致密砂岩储层形成过程中经历了复杂且强烈的成岩改造(许晗等,2022),成岩演化过程中发生的流体—岩石相互作用控制储层物性的变化,对储层形成有重要影响(刘明洁等,2021)。由前述研究可知,研究区川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层孔隙空间主要为粒内溶孔(图3),储层类型主要为粒内溶孔型和裂缝—粒内溶孔型(图4c),表明溶蚀作用是影响储层形成的关键因素。因此,本次研究基于成岩作用表征,进一步结合溶蚀流体性质,明确不同类型储层形成演化过程,进而探讨成岩作用对储层形成的影响。
前人研究表明,碳酸盐胶结物碳氧同位素可反映酸性成岩流体性质(孙致学等,2010Liu et al.,2019a夏鲁等,2021)。川西坳陷须三段储层广泛发育碳酸盐胶结物(图5a,f~i),但由于储层中碳酸盐岩岩屑同样普遍分布(图7h,i),因而本次研究采用激光原位微区碳氧同位素测试方法,分别对裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层中充填粒间孔、粒内溶孔与粗大裂缝的碳酸盐胶结物,以及粒内溶孔型储层中充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物进行碳氧同位素分析。
实验分析数据显示,裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层充填粒间孔的碳酸盐胶结物中δ18OV-PDB介于-18.28‰~-9.84‰,δ13CV-PDB介于-7.56‰~-3.24‰;充填粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物中δ18OV-PDB介于-17.91‰~-5.85‰,δ13CV-PDB介于-7.64‰~-1.39‰;充填裂缝的方解石胶结物中δ18OV-PDB介于-20.36‰~-17.95‰,δ13CV-PDB介于-1.64‰~-1.06‰(表1)。依据碳氧同位素值分布特征,裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层碳氧同位素整体上可分为三部分:同时包含充填粒间和粒内碳酸盐胶结物且碳氧同位素值均略负偏;仅包含充填裂缝方解石胶结物且碳同位素略负偏、氧同位素极负偏;以及同时包含充填粒间和粒内碳酸盐胶结物且碳氧同位素均较负偏(图8a)。粒内溶孔型储层充填粒间孔的碳酸盐胶结物中δ18OV-PDB介于-18.68‰~-6.57‰,δ13CV-PDB介于-7.21‰~0‰;充填粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物中δ18OV-PDB介于-19.87‰~-5.64‰,δ13CV-PDB介于-7.15‰~-0.97‰。依据碳氧同位素值分布特征,粒内溶孔型储层碳氧同位素整体上可分为两部分:同时包含充填粒间和粒内碳酸盐胶结物且碳氧同位素均略负偏;以及同时包含充填粒间和粒内碳酸盐胶结物且碳氧同位素均较负偏(图8b)。
前人研究表明,碳同位素反映流体来源,氧同位素与成岩流体温度有关(魏巍等,2015高飞等,2019尤丽等,2021朱士波,2024)。一般情况下碳同位素值越轻,即碳同位素越负偏,代表其形成与有机碳有关,而碳同位素值越重,代表其形成与无机碳有关;氧同位素值越负偏,则可推测碳酸盐胶结物沉淀温度越高(王琪等,2010刘春燕等,2012刘四兵等,2014Liu et al.,2019b)。基于以上认识,结合须三段砂岩储层镜下岩相学特征以及原位碳氧同位素分布特征,可进一步探讨溶蚀流体来源。
研究发现须三段砂岩储层中赋存碳氧同位素均略偏负、充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物,其相对略轻的碳同位素反映受有机—无机碳混合影响,且相对略轻的氧同位素反映低温条件下的沉淀。由于须三段砂岩通过快速埋藏迅速脱离近地表水,沉积后大气水的影响很小(付振柯等,2022)。川西坳陷须三段含有大量的泥岩层段且局部发育薄煤层(图1),准同生期煤系地层中有机质经微生物分解和转化形成腐殖酸(郑荣臣等,2021孟祥超等,2023),腐殖酸进入砂岩储层后可溶蚀碳酸盐岩屑(图7h,i),从而为该阶段碳酸盐胶结物提供有机碳和无机碳来源,因此推测该部分碳酸盐胶结物与煤系地层在成岩早期埋深较浅时产生的腐殖酸有关(图8)。同时由前述镜下碳酸盐胶结特征发现,方解石和白云石等碳酸盐胶结物普遍充填粒间和粒内孔,可使颗粒呈点—线接触(图5a,f,g),表明为埋藏较浅、压实较弱条件下的成岩早期形成,与碳氧同位素的解释较为一致。因此,综合以上岩相学与地球化学分析可知,早期充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物主要为腐殖酸成因(图8)。
同时,须三段砂岩储层中赋存碳氧同位素均较偏负、充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物,其较轻的碳同位素反映有机碳来源,同样相对较轻的氧同位素反映较高的沉淀温度,表明地层埋藏到一定深度,推测为有机质成熟阶段脱羧形成的有机酸成因(图8)。同时由碳酸盐胶结物镜下岩相学特征发现,中期铁方解石和铁白云石等碳酸盐胶结物分布较为局限,主要充填相对孤立的粒间孔和粒内溶孔,此时颗粒多呈线接触,且可见岩屑颗粒挤压变形(图5h),表明为埋深较大、压实程度较强的条件下形成,与碳氧同位素指示的结论较为吻合。因此,综合以上岩相学与地球化学分析可知,中期充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物主要为有机酸成因(图8)。
此外,须三段砂岩储层中赋存碳同位素略偏负氧同位素极偏负、充填裂缝的方解石胶结物,其极轻的氧同位素反映在高温条件下沉淀,推测该部分方解石主要为热液流体成因,且充填裂缝的方解石碳同位素相对早期方解石和白云石更偏重(图8a),反映主要为无机碳来源。须家河组之下发育海相碳酸盐岩地层,并且川西坳陷须三段发育连接深部海相地层的断层(Luo et al.,2013Li et al.,2019),因此来自地层深部的热液流体可溶蚀古老海相地层的碳酸盐岩,并向上运移至浅部裂缝后发生方解石胶结沉淀。同时镜下岩相学特征表明,充填粗大裂缝的方解石晶体多为粗—巨晶(图5i),且包裹体均一温度普遍高于充填粒间孔和粒内溶孔的碳酸盐胶结物中包裹体的均一温度(图6),与碳氧同位素结果较为一致。因此,综合以上岩相学与地球化学分析可知,晚期充填裂缝的方解石盐胶结物主要为热液成因(图8a)。
川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层先后经历早期腐殖酸、中期有机酸和晚期深部热液三期成岩流体改造,但由于与热液相关的自生矿物仅局限分布在粗大裂缝,且裂缝边缘较为平直规则,无明显溶蚀改造痕迹(图5i)。由此推测深部热液流体沿粗大裂缝进入储层后,以胶结充填作用为主,无热液溶蚀发生。因此,川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层形成次生溶孔的溶蚀流体主要为早期腐殖酸和中期有机酸。
在储层储集空间特征表征的基础上,结合溶蚀流体性质,提出川西坳陷须三段裂缝—粒内溶孔型和粒内溶孔型储层形成演化模式,探讨成岩作用对储层形成的影响。
裂缝—粒内溶孔型储层在成岩早期埋藏较浅、压实较弱,粒间孔喉条件好(图9a);煤系地层中有机质经微生物分解和转化生成的腐殖酸可通过孔喉及裂缝对长石、岩屑等颗粒进行溶蚀,此时由于储层内外成岩物质交换通畅,可形成大量早期粒内溶孔,与此同时部分溶蚀产物如早期石英、长石、碳酸盐和黏土等胶结物在储层内部沉淀析出(图5a,d,g、图7e,f,h),占据部分粒间孔、粒内溶孔和裂缝(图9b),导致储层流体渗流条件变差;当地层逐渐深埋,压实程度增强,有机质成熟时生成的有机酸可通过压实胶结之后的残余孔喉和裂缝渗流,对长石和岩屑再次溶蚀,形成中期的粒内溶孔,与之伴生的中期溶蚀产物进一步胶结充填粒间孔、粒内溶孔和裂缝(图7i),此时储层内外物质交换较早期受限,仅能形成少量粒内溶孔。随成岩作用程度的深入,粒间孔隙逐渐被完全充填(图9c),孔喉条件进一步变差,此时储层内外物质交换接近停滞,溶蚀产物不能向储层外部迁移(朱如凯等,2009远光辉等,2013刘四兵等,2014),多与被溶蚀颗粒伴生出现并充填粒内溶孔(图7d,g),此后前期形成的两期粒内溶蚀孔因粒间孔喉被胶结物完全充填,免于后期压实作用和胶结作用破坏而得以保存;尽管后期粗大裂缝形成,晚期热液沿裂缝进入砂岩储层内部(图5i),但由于缺乏有效的运移通道,不能对储层内部进行有效改造,仅能在粗大裂缝中充填晚期热液成因的方解石,整体上对储层质量无实质影响(图9d)。
粒内溶孔型储层在成岩初期埋藏较浅,压实强度小,粒间孔喉条件好(图10a);此时储层内外成岩流体自由交换,煤系地层释放的腐殖酸进入储层后可沿孔隙和喉道对长石、岩屑等颗粒进行早期溶蚀,产生较多的粒内次生溶孔,同时生成的溶蚀产物除部分向储层外部迁移之外,部分自生石英、碳酸盐和黏土等可直接在储层内胶结沉淀(图5e,f、图7a),充填部分粒间孔和粒内溶孔,使粒间孔喉条件变差(图10b);随埋深逐渐增加,储层压实强度增大,同时有机质逐渐成熟排出有机酸,当有机酸沿压实和胶结之后残余的粒间孔隙和喉道进入砂岩储层后,可对长石和岩屑再次溶蚀,形成一定量的中期次生粒内溶孔。此时,储层内外物质交换逐渐困难,中期的自生石英、碳酸盐和黏土等溶蚀产物再次在储层中沉淀充填已存在的粒间孔和粒内孔(图5e,h、图7b),导致孔喉条件进一步变差。随着成岩作用持续深入,粒间孔隙几乎被充填殆尽,储层内外物质交换几乎停止,仅见溶蚀产物与溶蚀颗粒伴生出现(图7c,i),前期形成的两期粒内溶孔因粒间完全被胶结充填,避免被后续压实作用和胶结作用破坏而得以保存(图10c)。
本次研究基于川西坳陷须三段14口取心井(共408.2 m岩心)精细观察与描述,识别出致密砂岩储层主要发育砂岩—泥岩叠置旋回和砂岩—砂岩叠置旋回。须三段地层即为此两类单旋回在垂向上多期叠置而成,仅在每一期单旋回厚度上略有差异。本次研究在前述结果的基础上,综合岩心、薄片及孔渗资料,重点针对以上两种单旋回类型进行精细解剖,明确每一类单旋回内储层纵向分布规律,进而总结单旋回内优质储层发育模式。
砂岩—泥岩垂向叠置旋回主要表现为单旋回由下部砂岩和上部泥岩组成,以DY102井4 589.68~4 593.73 m为例,该旋回下部为细砂岩,上部为泥岩,且下部细砂岩粒度向上略有变小逐渐过渡为泥岩(图11)。通过镜下薄片鉴定分析及定量统计发现,在砂岩—泥岩旋回内部,孔渗相对较大的储层段主要分布在旋回的下部和上部,即旋回砂岩的上部和下部,旋回中部砂岩孔渗略有降低。此外,自生胶结物在单旋回内部也表现出较为明显的分布规律,其中石英胶结与储层段类似,主要位于旋回的上部和下部,而自生碳酸盐和黏土胶结层主要位于旋回中部(图11)。
砂岩—砂岩垂向叠置旋回主要表现为单旋回全部由砂岩组成,以DY2井4 611.98 m~4 618.03 m为例,该段砂体自下而上可划分为两个下粗上细的正旋回。其中下部旋回砂岩均为细砂岩,且粒度向上略有变小,而上部旋回下部为细砂岩,向上粒度逐渐变细并过渡为粉砂岩(图12)。通过镜下薄片鉴定分析及定量统计发现,在连续两个砂岩—砂岩旋回内部,孔渗相对较大的储层段主要分布在粒度较粗的旋回下部,向旋回上部砂岩孔渗逐渐降低。同时,自生胶结物在单旋回内部也表现出较为明显的分布规律,其中石英胶结与储层段类似,主要位于旋回下部,而碳酸盐和黏土胶结层则主要位于旋回的中、上部(图12)。
综合川西须三段储层成因分析及单旋回内储层纵向分布规律,本次研究提出不同旋回储层垂向发育模式。
砂岩—泥岩旋回:当腐殖酸和有机酸溶蚀流体进入砂岩储层时,由于旋回下粗上细,旋回下部孔喉条件相对较好,溶蚀流体主要沿旋回底部运移。同时,由于旋回顶部泥岩的存在,泥岩产生的溶蚀流体可从砂岩顶部注入。因此,整体上溶蚀程度在砂体的顶部和底部较强,自砂岩顶底向中部溶蚀变弱,因而次生溶孔主要发育在旋回的上部和下部(图11)。在此情况下,易溶颗粒与溶蚀流体在旋回上部和下部强烈反应,致使旋回上部和下部因颗粒溶蚀释放出大量离子,这些富含溶蚀产物离子的成岩流体可在纵向上自旋回上部和下部向中部进行运移。由于长石、岩屑等铝硅酸盐释放出的硅离子在孔隙水中溶解度极小(Bjørlykke and Jahren,2012Xi et al.,2015),仅能进行短距离迁移或近原地充填被溶蚀的长石颗粒粒内溶孔(图7c),导致硅质胶结主要发生在旋回上部和下部,与优质储层段相伴生;而碳酸盐和黏土等溶蚀产物在纵向上能进行相对较长距离的迁移,并陆续在旋回中部沉淀析出,因而钙质和黏土胶结主要分布在旋回的中部(图13a)。因此,在差异溶蚀作用和胶结作用影响下,砂岩—泥岩旋回优质储层段主要发育在粒度较粗的旋回下部和近泥岩段的旋回上部(图11)。
砂岩—砂岩旋回:与泥岩—砂岩旋回类似,腐殖酸和有机酸溶蚀流体进入砂岩储层后,优先沿粒度较粗、孔喉条件较好的旋回底部运移。因此,溶蚀程度在旋回下部较强,由旋回下部向旋回上部逐渐变弱,因而次生溶孔主要在旋回下部发育(图12)。在此情况下,因易溶颗粒与酸性溶蚀流体在旋回下部反应而释放出的大量离子,可在纵向上从旋回下部向旋回上部迁移。同样地,由于长石、岩屑等铝硅酸盐释放出的硅离子在孔隙水中溶解度极小(Bjørlykke and Jahren,2012Xi et al.,2015),仅能进行短距离迁移或近原地沉淀与被溶蚀的长石颗粒相伴生(图7g),因此硅质胶结主要在旋回下部发育,与优质储层分布规律一致;而碳酸盐和黏土等溶蚀产物在纵向上能进行相对较长距离的迁移,由旋回下部向上运移的过程中,逐渐在旋回的中、上部胶结沉淀,因而钙质和黏土胶结主要分布在旋回的中、上部(图13b)。因此,在差异溶蚀作用和胶结作用影响下,砂岩—砂岩旋回优质储层段主要发育在粒度较粗的旋回下部(图12)。
(1) 川西坳陷须三段致密砂岩储层主要岩石类型为岩屑石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩,储集空间以粒内溶孔和裂缝为主,孔隙度小于7%,渗透率小于1×10-3 μm2,可划分为粒内溶孔型和裂缝—粒内溶孔型两类。
(2) 须三段砂岩储层主要经历压实作用、胶结作用(石英、碳酸盐、黏土和长石)和溶蚀作用等成岩作用以及早期腐殖酸、中期有机酸和晚期热液等成岩流体改造,其中腐殖酸和有机酸对储层进行接力溶蚀,是须三段致密砂岩成储的关键,而热液流体仅局限作用在晚期粗大裂缝中,对储层质量无实质影响。
(3) 须三段主要发育砂岩—泥岩和砂岩—砂岩两类垂向叠置单旋回,其中砂岩—泥岩旋回优质储层段主要发育在粒度较粗的旋回下部和近泥岩段的旋回上部,砂岩—砂岩旋回优质储层段主要发育在粒度较粗的旋回下部。
  • 中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P20061-3)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41872154)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.113
  • 接收时间:2024-09-09
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09
  • 修回日期:2024-10-25
  • 录用日期:2024-11-29
基金
SINOPEC Ministry of Science and Technology Project(P20061-3)
中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P20061-3)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872154)
国家自然科学基金项目(41872154)
作者信息
    1.西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,成都 610500
    2.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏无锡 214126 3. 中国石化西南油气分公司,成都 610041
    3.中国石化西南油气分公司, 成都 610041

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刘明洁,男,副教授,油气储层地质学,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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