Article(id=1307263780073796555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307263778819690680, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.090, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1709481600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-04, revisedDate=1721145600000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-17, acceptedDate=1725811200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-09, onlineDate=1789605572956, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605572956, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605572956, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605572956, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307263778819690680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='799', pageEnd='1214', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605572657, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605572657, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1148, endPage=1163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307263780241568716, articleId=1307263780073796555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Sedimentary Facies and Prediction of Favorable Reservoir Zones in Tieshanpo and Qilibei Areas of the Feixianguan Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin contains thick oolitic beach reservoirs, which is the key layer of present oil and gas exploration. As the reserve strategic replacement field of the Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary system, reservoir properties and favorable zones in the Tieshanpo and Qilibei areas of the Feixianguan Formation are not clear, which restricts the potential deployment of oil and gas exploration in this area. Methods This study adopted comprehensive analysis of core, thin section, logging and seismic data to determine sedimentary facies types and the evolution of favorable reservoir zones in the region. Results In the study area, the Feixianguan Formation is a rimmed platform structure comprising five sedimentary facies: restricted platform, open platform, platform margin, slope and basin facies. The platform margin largely consists of oolitic beach development with obvious aggradational⁃lateral accretionary characteristics. These are mainly superimposed in the ssq2 to ssq4 periods vertically, with the largest in ssq2. Horizontally, the beach body was unstable and tended to migrate into the basin. The reservoir rock types are mainly (residual) oolitic limestone, (residual) oolitic dolomite and powder-fine crystalline dolomite. Conclusions The platform margin oolitic beach microfacies favors reservoir development in the Feixianguan Formation, and the porosity and permeability conditions are promising. well Po 5-well Poxi 1-well Po 2-well Po 1 in the Tieshanpo area and well Qilibei 1-well Qibei 102 in the Qilibei area are potentially favorable reservoir development zones. The spatial and temporal distribution and migration behavior of the beach bodies in the fourth-order sequence framework and the predicted favorable reservoir zones provide a basis for deepening the exploration and development of oolitic beach reservoirs in this region.

, authors=Min YAO1, 2, ZhongGui HU1, 2, SaiJun WU3, Gang ZHOU4, JiuZhen HU1, 2, YuHang BI1, 2, authorsList=Min YAO, ZhongGui HU, SaiJun WU, Gang ZHOU, JiuZhen HU, YuHang BI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=ZhongGui HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HU ZhongGui, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307263783819310054, articleId=1307263780073796555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=川东北铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积特征及有利储集区带预测, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组发育厚层鲕滩储层,是当前油气勘探的重点层位。铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组作为四川盆地后备战略接替领域,其沉积体系、储层特征及有利区带分布尚不明确,制约了该区油气勘探部署。 方法 基于岩心、岩石薄片、测井和地震资料综合分析,对铁山坡、七里北地区下三叠统飞仙关组沉积相类型、演化规律及有利储集区带展开研究。 结果 研究区飞仙关组发育镶边型台地沉积模式,可细分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、斜坡及盆地五种沉积相,台地边缘为鲕滩发育有利相带;区内鲕滩发育具有明显加积—进积特征,纵向上多为2~3期叠置而成,在ssq2~ssq4时期均有分布,以ssq2时期规模最大。横向上滩体发育不稳定,具有向盆内迁移的趋势;储集岩类型主要为(残余)鲕粒灰岩、(残余)鲕粒白云岩及粉—细晶白云岩。 结论 台缘鲕滩是飞仙关组储层发育的有利微相,孔—渗条件良好;铁山坡地区坡5井—坡西1井—坡2井—坡1井一带为有利储层发育区带,七里北地区七里北1井—七北102井一带为潜在的有利储层发育区带。四级层序格架内不同地区滩体的时空分布、迁移规律及有利储集区带预测成果等,可为深化该区鲕滩储层勘探开发提供依据。

, authors=姚敏1, 2, 胡忠贵1, 2, 武赛军3, 周刚4, 胡九珍1, 2, 毕宇航1, 2, authorsList=姚敏, 胡忠贵, 武赛军, 周刚, 胡九珍, 毕宇航, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=胡忠贵, authorNote=

姚敏,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,碳酸盐岩沉积学及储层地质学,E-mail:

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胡忠贵,男,教授,E-mail:
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(a) micritic limestone, well Podong 1, 4 825.26 m, ordinary thin section, plane-polarized light (PPL); (b) mud-powder crystal gypsum dolomite, well Po 3, 3 211.81 m, ordinary thin section, PPL; (c) light gray mud-powder crystal dolomite, local development of cracks, calcite filling, well Po 4, core photograph; (d) fine-grained dolomite, well Qilibei 1, 5 774.64 m, cast thin section, PPL; (e) oolitic limestone, well Podong 1, 5 004.64 m, cast thin section, PPL; (f) grayish brown sparry oolitic limestone, well Po 1, core photograph; (g) sand-clastic oolitic limestone, well Podong 1, 5 023.88 m, ordinary thin section, PPL; (h) pinhole microcrystalline gravel-bearing oolitic dolomite, well Qilibei 1, 5 764.75 m, cast thin section, PPL; (i) gray-white pinhole oolitic dolomite, well Qilibei 1, core photograph

, figureFileSmall=9M/awZvBSr0bXHaq0DCKHA==, figureFileBig=cQBZM4kA3SZLP0fRO7bzJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263788886028324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究区飞仙关组主要岩石类型及特征

(a)泥晶灰岩,坡东1井,4 825.26 m,飞仙关组,普通薄片,单偏光;(b)泥—粉晶膏质白云岩,坡3井,3 211.81 m,飞仙关组,普通薄片,单偏光;(c)浅灰色泥—粉晶白云岩,局部发育裂缝,方解石充填,坡4井,飞仙关组,岩心照片;(d)细晶白云岩,七里北1井,5 774.64 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(e)鲕粒灰岩,坡东1井,5 004.64 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(f)灰褐色亮晶鲕粒灰岩,坡1井,飞仙关组,岩心照片;(g)含砂屑鲕粒灰岩,坡东1井,5 023.88 m,飞仙关组,普通薄片,单偏光;(h)针孔状微晶含砾屑鲕粒白云岩,七里北1井,5 764.75 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(i)灰白色针孔状鲕粒白云岩,七里北1井,飞仙关组,岩心照片

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(a) toothed funnel type; (b) weakly dentate line type; (c) toothed bell type; (d) pointed finger type; (e) irregular serrated

, figureFileSmall=YFE0Iuqmb5VFDtLGrEDgBA==, figureFileBig=+3XVcTArPb/0aizMDSrA+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789091549222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图4, caption=研究区飞仙关组测井相特征

(a)齿化漏斗形;(b)弱齿化线形;(c)齿化钟形;(d)尖指形;(e)不规则锯齿状

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(a) Qilibei area; (b) Tieshanpo area

, figureFileSmall=tZCw5ws7g3ibduidHPJ85Q==, figureFileBig=yGZU+cXVEy5mIaUfFnVC2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789217378344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图5, caption=研究区飞仙关组滩体地震响应特征(地震剖面位置见图1)

(a)七里北地区;(b)铁山坡地区

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(a) ssq1 period; (b) ssq2 period; (c) ssq3 period; (d) ssq4 period; (e) ssq5 period

, figureFileSmall=YH7RE+VI0qGoGZe8EA32ag==, figureFileBig=wsvwrQtXzQlx38B98Rbd0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789641003054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图8, caption=研究区飞仙关组四级层序(ssq1~ssq5)沉积相平面分布图

(a)ssq1时期;(b)ssq2时期;(c)ssq3时期;(d)ssq4时期;(e)ssq5时期

, figureFileSmall=YH7RE+VI0qGoGZe8EA32ag==, figureFileBig=wsvwrQtXzQlx38B98Rbd0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789695529007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Depositional facies model of Feixianguan Formation in the study area

(a) ssq1 period; (b) ssq1⁃ssq3 periods; (c) ssq1⁃ssq5 periods

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(a)ssq1时期;(b)ssq1~ssq3时期;(c)ssq1~ssq5时期

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(a) oolitic limestone, intragranular dissolved pore development, well Qibei 102, 5 785.25 m, cast thin section, PPL; (b) oolitic dolomite, intragranular dissolved pore development, well Qilibei 1, 5 750.50 m, cast thin section, PPL; (c) powder-fine grained dolomite, intercrystalline pores, well Qilibei 1, 5 771.50 m, cast thin section, PPL; (d) powder-fine grained dolomite, mold hole, well Qilibei 1, 5 771.25 m, cast thin section, PPL; (e) gray oolitic limestone, dissolved pore development, well Podong 1, core photograph; (f) gray sandy gravel oolitic dolomite, karst cave development, well Qilibei 1, core photograph

, figureFileSmall=Vocg6QjKS/CkQMKEAPZ4TQ==, figureFileBig=vG5orzPhuFnwjpnoL1n4tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789892661298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图10, caption=研究区飞仙关组储集岩及储集空间类型

(a)鲕粒灰岩,粒内溶孔发育,七北102井,5 785.25 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(b)鲕粒白云岩,粒内溶孔发育,七里北1井,5 750.50 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(c)粉—细晶白云岩,晶间孔,七里北1井,5 771.50 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(d)粉—细晶白云岩,铸模孔,七里北1井,5 771.25 m,飞仙关组,铸体薄片,单偏光;(e)灰色鲕粒灰岩,溶孔发育,坡东1井,飞仙关组,岩心照片;(f)灰色含砂砾屑鲕粒白云岩,溶洞发育,七里北1井,飞仙关组,岩心照片

, figureFileSmall=Vocg6QjKS/CkQMKEAPZ4TQ==, figureFileBig=vG5orzPhuFnwjpnoL1n4tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263789972353075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Relationships between reservoir porosity and main controlling factors of the Feixianguan Formation in the study area

(a) sedimentary subfacies vs. porosity; (b) core porosity vs. dolomite content in well Qilibei 1

, figureFileSmall=PI0cSSHCEtuoLcRDfVOnCA==, figureFileBig=xTom7n5xmhC+qVvHdGzbug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307263790043656244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=图11, caption=研究区飞仙关组储层孔隙度与主控因素关系图

(a)不同沉积亚相与孔隙度关系(b)七里北1井岩心孔隙度与白云石含量关系

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Sedimentary facies division in the study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积模式亚相微相主要岩性特征
台地模式局限台地潮坪泥云坪、膏云坪紫红色泥—粉晶白云岩、膏质白云岩、含泥白云岩、膏岩等
潟湖泥晶灰岩、云质泥晶灰岩、含云泥晶灰岩
开阔台地台内滩鲕粒滩浅灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒白云岩等
云化滩晶粒白云岩、灰质白云岩等
潮下静水泥浅灰色、灰色泥晶灰岩、含泥灰岩、泥质灰岩、泥岩等
台地边缘台缘滩鲕粒滩浅灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒白云岩等
云化滩晶粒白云岩、灰质白云岩等
滩间潮坪泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩等
斜坡—盆地泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩、硅质灰岩等
), ArticleFig(id=1307263790312091704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307263780073796555, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区沉积相划分方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积模式亚相微相主要岩性特征
台地模式局限台地潮坪泥云坪、膏云坪紫红色泥—粉晶白云岩、膏质白云岩、含泥白云岩、膏岩等
潟湖泥晶灰岩、云质泥晶灰岩、含云泥晶灰岩
开阔台地台内滩鲕粒滩浅灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒白云岩等
云化滩晶粒白云岩、灰质白云岩等
潮下静水泥浅灰色、灰色泥晶灰岩、含泥灰岩、泥质灰岩、泥岩等
台地边缘台缘滩鲕粒滩浅灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、鲕粒白云岩等
云化滩晶粒白云岩、灰质白云岩等
滩间潮坪泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩等
斜坡—盆地泥晶灰岩、泥质灰岩、硅质灰岩等
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川东北铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积特征及有利储集区带预测
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姚敏 1, 2 , 胡忠贵 1, 2 , 武赛军 3 , 周刚 4 , 胡九珍 1, 2 , 毕宇航 1, 2
沉积学报 | 2026,44(3): 1148-1163
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (3) : 1148 -1163
川东北铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积特征及有利储集区带预测
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姚敏,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,碳酸盐岩沉积学及储层地质学,E-mail:

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姚敏1, 2 , 胡忠贵1, 2 , 武赛军3, 周刚4, 胡九珍1, 2, 毕宇航1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
  • 2.长江大学沉积盆地研究中心,武汉 430100
  • 3.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 4.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,成都 610041
通讯作者:
胡忠贵,男,教授,E-mail:
作者简介:

姚敏,女,1999年出生,硕士研究生,碳酸盐岩沉积学及储层地质学,E-mail:

Sedimentary Facies and Prediction of Favorable Reservoir Zones in Tieshanpo and Qilibei Areas of the Feixianguan Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin
Min YAO1, 2 , ZhongGui HU1, 2 , SaiJun WU3, Gang ZHOU4, JiuZhen HU1, 2, YuHang BI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • 2.Sedimentary Basin Research Center, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
  • 3.PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 4.Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HU ZhongGui, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.090
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目的 四川盆地下三叠统飞仙关组发育厚层鲕滩储层,是当前油气勘探的重点层位。铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组作为四川盆地后备战略接替领域,其沉积体系、储层特征及有利区带分布尚不明确,制约了该区油气勘探部署。 方法 基于岩心、岩石薄片、测井和地震资料综合分析,对铁山坡、七里北地区下三叠统飞仙关组沉积相类型、演化规律及有利储集区带展开研究。 结果 研究区飞仙关组发育镶边型台地沉积模式,可细分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘、斜坡及盆地五种沉积相,台地边缘为鲕滩发育有利相带;区内鲕滩发育具有明显加积—进积特征,纵向上多为2~3期叠置而成,在ssq2~ssq4时期均有分布,以ssq2时期规模最大。横向上滩体发育不稳定,具有向盆内迁移的趋势;储集岩类型主要为(残余)鲕粒灰岩、(残余)鲕粒白云岩及粉—细晶白云岩。 结论 台缘鲕滩是飞仙关组储层发育的有利微相,孔—渗条件良好;铁山坡地区坡5井—坡西1井—坡2井—坡1井一带为有利储层发育区带,七里北地区七里北1井—七北102井一带为潜在的有利储层发育区带。四级层序格架内不同地区滩体的时空分布、迁移规律及有利储集区带预测成果等,可为深化该区鲕滩储层勘探开发提供依据。

川东北地区  /  飞仙关组  /  台缘滩  /  沉积演化  /  有利储集区带

Objective The Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Sichuan Basin contains thick oolitic beach reservoirs, which is the key layer of present oil and gas exploration. As the reserve strategic replacement field of the Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary system, reservoir properties and favorable zones in the Tieshanpo and Qilibei areas of the Feixianguan Formation are not clear, which restricts the potential deployment of oil and gas exploration in this area. Methods This study adopted comprehensive analysis of core, thin section, logging and seismic data to determine sedimentary facies types and the evolution of favorable reservoir zones in the region. Results In the study area, the Feixianguan Formation is a rimmed platform structure comprising five sedimentary facies: restricted platform, open platform, platform margin, slope and basin facies. The platform margin largely consists of oolitic beach development with obvious aggradational⁃lateral accretionary characteristics. These are mainly superimposed in the ssq2 to ssq4 periods vertically, with the largest in ssq2. Horizontally, the beach body was unstable and tended to migrate into the basin. The reservoir rock types are mainly (residual) oolitic limestone, (residual) oolitic dolomite and powder-fine crystalline dolomite. Conclusions The platform margin oolitic beach microfacies favors reservoir development in the Feixianguan Formation, and the porosity and permeability conditions are promising. well Po 5-well Poxi 1-well Po 2-well Po 1 in the Tieshanpo area and well Qilibei 1-well Qibei 102 in the Qilibei area are potentially favorable reservoir development zones. The spatial and temporal distribution and migration behavior of the beach bodies in the fourth-order sequence framework and the predicted favorable reservoir zones provide a basis for deepening the exploration and development of oolitic beach reservoirs in this region.

northeastern Sichuan Basin  /  Feixianguan Formation  /  platform marginal shoal  /  depositional evolution  /  favorable reservoir zone
姚敏, 胡忠贵, 武赛军, 周刚, 胡九珍, 毕宇航. 川东北铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积特征及有利储集区带预测. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (3) : 1148 -1163 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.090
Min YAO, ZhongGui HU, SaiJun WU, Gang ZHOU, JiuZhen HU, YuHang BI. Sedimentary Facies and Prediction of Favorable Reservoir Zones in Tieshanpo and Qilibei Areas of the Feixianguan Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (3) : 1148 -1163 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.090
下三叠统飞仙关组是四川盆地重点产气层位(马永生等,2005a杜磊等,2022杨雨等,2023),经过六十余年勘探,已在环开江—梁平海槽两侧发现元坝、普光及龙岗等多个中—大型油气藏,充分展示了广阔的勘探前景(马永生等,2005b赵文智等,2011黄仁春等,2019)。近期在川东北铁山坡、七里北等地区飞仙关组取得重大突破,其中七里北1井和七北102井飞仙关组分别测得产能83.78×104 m3/d、33.88×104 m3/d,证实了飞仙关组具有很大的勘探潜力。前人对川东北地区飞仙关组沉积储层已开展了较多研究,并取得了一系列成果认识。例如:谢圣阳等(2018)基于野外露头分析,并结合测井曲线特征,认为川东北宣汉—达县(今达州)地区飞仙关组发育陆棚—斜坡—台地边缘—局限台地—蒸发台地相沉积;黄渊等(2017)通过川东北龙会场—铁山地区沉积特征分析,认为台内鲕滩和台缘鲕滩有利储层沉积微相集中分布在飞二段;文雯等(2023)根据层序格架下储层的差异性分析,总结出川东北开江—梁平东侧飞仙关组储层主要受沉积古地貌、高频旋回和台缘带斜坡坡度控制。刘均等(2017)综合运用薄片及物化分析资料对川东北黄龙场地区飞仙关组储层特征展开研究,认为沉积相和成岩作用共同控制了储层发育品质;马永生等(2014)通过对比元坝气田和普光气田飞仙关组储层特征差异,认为沉积—成岩环境、构造—流体耦合和岩石—流体的相互作用共同改造了储层。
由此可见,前人对于川东北地区沉积储层研究主要聚焦于普光、元坝等地区,而针对铁山坡、七里北地区沉积储层研究工作开展相对较少,制约了该区的下一步油气勘探进展。为此,本研究以储层沉积学理论为指导,利用区内地震、岩心、薄片、测录井数据等资料对飞仙关组沉积相特征进行识别,结合储层分析化验资料,明确区域在四级层序格架内滩体时空分布规律及有利储层分布特征,为该地区后期的勘探提供参考。
晚二叠世末期,四川盆地受峨眉地裂运动影响,盆内出现“三隆三凹”的沉积格局,自西向东依次发育蓬溪—武胜、开江—梁平海槽和城口—鄂西拉张槽(梁东星等,2015杨跃明等,2016)。进入早三叠世飞仙关期后,随着沉积的填平补齐,海槽格局逐渐消亡(黄仁春,2014徐诗雨等,2023)。
铁山坡、七里北地区位于川东北开江—梁平海槽东侧,属于川东高陡构造带(马永生等,2006蒋裕强等,2018),与大巴山弧前褶皱带相邻。川东北地区飞仙关期继承了长兴期的镶边型台地沉积环境(谭志远等,2021),自西向东依次发育盆地相—斜坡相—台地边缘相—开阔台地相(图1)。研究区飞仙关组与上覆嘉陵江组、下伏长兴组均呈整合接触。研究区飞仙关组主要发育碳酸盐岩沉积,自下而上划分为4个岩性段:飞一段多为深灰色泥—粉晶灰岩、含云灰岩、含灰白云岩等,底部常为薄层状黄灰色泥质灰岩与长兴组顶部厚层—块状生物屑灰岩或礁灰岩分界;飞二段以(残余)颗粒灰岩和(残余)颗粒白云岩为主;飞三段多为泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩、泥晶白云岩,偶见颗粒灰岩(白云岩)发育;飞四段岩性多以膏岩、膏质白云岩、含泥白云岩为主,与嘉一段底部泥质灰岩分界。通过野外剖面、岩心资料、单井沉积相与层序地层学综合分析及地震剖面的关键界面识别(孙春燕等,2017李阳等,2022叶榆等,2024),将铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组划为2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)和5个四级层序(ssq1~ssq5)。以坡1井为例(图2),分别以ssq1顶部薄层鲕粒白云岩、ssq2顶部厚层鲕粒白云岩,ssq3顶部薄层鲕粒灰岩及ssq5底部膏岩作为四级层序界面。
铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组主要发育泥—粉晶灰岩、晶粒白云岩、颗粒灰岩及颗粒白云岩四类岩石类型。
(1) 泥—粉晶灰岩。研究区以泥晶灰岩为主(图3a),粉晶灰岩次之,在铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组各时期均有出现。这类岩石方解石晶粒细小,粒级一般小于0.01 mm,颗粒含量极少或无颗粒,总体属于泥晶方解石(非颗粒)支撑,常含泥质、硅质及少量生物碎屑等,反映弱水动力环境,常见于低能潮坪沉积。
(2) 晶粒白云岩。主要包括泥—粉晶白云岩及粉—细白云岩两类。泥—粉晶白云岩岩石类型主要包括泥晶白云岩、膏质泥—粉晶白云岩等(图3b,c),多集中发育在研究区飞四段。这类岩石颗粒含量低于10%,常含泥质、膏质等成分。显微镜下,矿物总体为晶粒直径在0.01~0.02 mm的泥晶白云石,晶体多为半自形晶—自形晶,含少量灰泥,常发育于较低能的局限—蒸发环境。粉—细晶白云岩主要表现为细晶白云岩(图3d),研究区这类岩石多为颗粒灰岩强烈白云石化后的产物,在飞二段较为发育。显微镜下,主要由晶体直径在0.035~0.07 mm的细粉晶白云石组成,含量在75%~95%,多为自形—半自形晶。
(3) 颗粒灰岩。该类岩石以颗粒支撑为主,颗粒含量高,研究区多表现为(残余)鲕粒灰岩(图3e~g),其次为砂砾屑灰岩等,局部在飞一段及飞三段。显微镜下,多见负鲕、残余鲕等,大小不一,颗粒直径绝大多数为0.25~0.75 mm,形状大部分呈近圆状,局部受白云石化作用影响鲕粒结构特征被破坏。这类岩石颗粒间多为亮晶方解石胶结物充填,经常发育于台缘滩或台内滩等高能环境中(江兴福等,2003李国军等,2007)。
(4) 颗粒白云岩。颗粒类型以鲕粒为主,具体表现为(残余)鲕粒白云岩(图3h),其次为砂砾屑白云岩、针孔状鲕粒白云岩(图3i)等,集中分布在飞二段。显微镜下,其晶体大小为0.2~0.3 mm,自形程度高,颗粒受白云石化作用大,原始鲕粒的结构基本消失,见典型的残余鲕粒结构,颗粒间为亮晶白云石胶结,反映沉积水体较强的浅滩环境。
铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组单井上主要发育齿化漏斗形、弱齿化线形、齿化钟形、尖指形及不规则锯齿状5种自然伽马(GR)曲线类型。
(1) 齿化漏斗形。坡东1井4 875~4 890 m井段中GR曲线形态见有典型的齿化漏斗形(图4a),对应GR值自上而下逐渐增大,代表该井段水体能量由高变低的沉积环境,结合岩心和薄片资料显示其岩性多为灰色鲕粒灰岩,主要出现在台内滩亚相中。
(2) 弱齿化线形。坡4井3 240~3 260 m井段中的GR曲线形态见有典型的弱齿化线形(图4b),GR曲线形态较为平缓,反映该井段沉积水动力条件弱。结合岩心和薄片资料显示岩性主要发育泥晶灰岩,主要为开阔台地中潮下低能微相的沉积响应特征。
(3) 齿化钟形。七里北1井5 715~5 730 m井段中GR曲线见有典型的齿化钟形(图4c),GR值自上而下逐渐减小,上下差值较大,反映该井段沉积水动力条件逐渐增强。结合岩心和薄片资料多显示为高能鲕粒白云(灰)岩,为高能鲕滩的沉积响应特征。
(4) 尖指形。坡1井3 345~3 360 m井段中GR曲线见有典型的尖指形(图4d),GR值大部分为高值,局部夹中低值,反映该井段沉积环境能量相对较低。结合岩心和薄片资料多显示为低能泥晶灰岩及泥质灰岩等,主要为低能滩间沉积响应特征。
(5) 不规则锯齿状。坡4井3 200~3 210 m井段中GR曲线见有典型的不规则锯齿状特征(图4e),曲线升降幅度大。结合岩心和薄片资料多显示为膏质白云岩及膏岩等,多响应为低能的局限环境。
在七里北地区地震剖面上发现飞一段至飞二段下部地震波呈弱—中强振幅、较连续—连续平行斜交前积,伴随着有地层超覆尖灭,结合七北101单井测录井、岩心等资料分析,表现为斜坡—盆地带地震响应特征。局部地震波呈中低频、弱—中强振幅(局部反射强或呈空白)、断续或较连续平行席状反射,同时前积、侧积局部地震反射异常也有发育,该特征表现为开阔台地相。在飞二段中上部附近,地震响应异常,多呈现中—强振幅叠瓦状前积响应特征(图5a),在七里北1井和七北102井上为高能滩相响应(陈晓东,2012徐敏等,2021)。该滩体呈席状、薄层透镜体状分布,发育的规模大小不等,横向分布较连续。飞三段上部多呈弱波峰,为局限台地潮坪地震响应。在铁山坡地区地震剖面中,飞二段中部强振幅的叠瓦状前积响应特征明显(图5b),识别出两期滩体,横向上滩体较七里北地区更连续。
川东北地区飞仙关组主要发育碳酸盐岩台地及盆地沉积体系(王一刚等,2009魏国齐等,2021),铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积相划分为局限台地相、开阔台地相、台地边缘相及斜坡相和盆地相,进一步可细分为若干亚相和微相(表1)。
主要分布于飞四段,此时处于飞仙关沉积末期,海平面降至最低,区内水体循环受限呈现低能环境,可进一步划分为潮坪亚相和潟湖亚相。(1)潮坪亚相,在铁山坡、七里北地区分布较广,沉积物颜色多为紫红色和灰色,岩性主要为膏质白云岩(图3b)、泥晶白云岩、含泥白云岩及膏岩等,见干裂、藻纹层等各种浅水沉积构造及暴露标志。测井曲线上,该相带多显示不规则齿状(图4e),曲线齿化幅度较大。可进一步划分为泥云坪、膏云坪等微相。(2)潟湖亚相,局部发育在飞四段底部,岩性以灰、深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩为主,夹有云质泥晶灰岩、含云泥晶灰岩等,沉积物呈暗色,水体能量低。
主要分布在飞三段,在台地内部向陆一侧水体相对较浅的平坦地区发育,主要集中分布于铁山坡、七里北地区东北部。岩性多为泥晶灰岩及泥质灰岩,部分井段地貌高处可见薄层泥晶鲕粒灰岩发育。根据台地内部水动力条件及沉积物差异可进一步将其划分为台内滩及潮下亚相。(1)台内滩亚相,主要发育在台地内部地貌高部位处,水体能量较高,岩石类型主要为颗粒灰岩和颗粒白云岩,多见鲕粒灰岩及鲕粒白云岩等沉积。该相带在铁山坡地区较为发育,主要分布在高位体系域,自然伽马曲线多呈齿化漏斗形(图4a),整体呈现低自然伽马值及高电阻率,地震剖面上多呈现中—强振幅叠瓦状前积响应。可进一步划分为鲕粒滩和云化滩微相。(2)潮下亚相,台缘滩体之间水体能量较弱的低能地带,岩石类型主要为泥—粉晶灰岩,自然伽马曲线多呈弱齿化线形(图4b)。可细分为静水泥微相,构成开阔台地沉积的主体。
研究区沉积相的主体,集中分布在铁山坡、七里北地区飞一到飞三段,在碳酸盐台地与斜坡相带之间的转折端发育,处在浪基面及以上的浅水高能地带。该相带由于水体较浅,能量较高,常发生强烈白云石化作用。研究区内该相依据沉积物差异可细分为台缘滩亚相及滩间亚相。(1)台缘滩亚相,位于台地内部和斜坡之间的高能地带,岩石类型主要为颗粒灰岩(图3e)和颗粒白云岩(图3h),多发育于ssq1~ssq3高位体系域中,测井响应上主要呈现齿化钟形(图4c),整体自然伽马值偏低,地震上呈现中—强振幅叠瓦状前积响应,可细分为鲕粒滩和云化滩微相。(2)滩间亚相,该相带位于台地边缘带滩体之间的低能沉积环境,在滩体的遮挡作用下,水体较为闭塞,发育泥晶灰岩、含泥灰岩、燧石结核灰岩等,泥质含量较高,主要发育于低位体系域。测井上多呈现尖指形(图4d),可细分为滩间潮坪微相。
发育于铁山坡地区北部飞一段早期、七里北地区北部飞一段至飞二段,沉积水体较深,水动力条件极弱,主要岩石类型为泥岩、泥质灰岩、泥晶灰岩和含硅灰岩沉积,颗粒类岩石不发育。测井上,该相带测井曲线整体呈低值—平滑形,齿化程度较低。
通过铁山坡地区海槽向台内方向连井剖面分析(图6),在ssq1-TST时期,铁山坡主要为斜坡—盆地相沉积,以泥质灰岩、灰岩沉积为主;在ssq1-HST时期,区内在坡5井至坡东1井区开始发育薄层台缘鲕滩沉积,坡3井区则发育台内滩体;ssq2时期,台缘鲕滩厚度进一步扩大,以加积型为主,沉积厚度最大;ssq3时期,区内台缘滩沉积厚度变小,以进积型为主,仅在坡5井—坡2井—坡1井区发育薄层台缘滩体,坡4井—坡东1井由台地边缘沉积转为开阔台地;ssq4时期,全区稳定发育开阔台地沉积,部分井区发育薄层台内滩;ssq5时期,区内过渡为局限台地沉积,岩性以白云岩或膏质白云岩为主。总体而言,铁山坡地区在ssq1~ssq3时期发育3期加积型鲕滩,以ssq2时期厚度最大。
通过七里北地区海槽向台内方向连井剖面分析(图7),在ssq1时期,七里北地区自西向东依次发育盆地沉积—斜坡沉积—台地边缘沉积,其中ssq1-HST时期见东升1井发育薄层鲕滩;ssq2时期,区内七里北2井—七北101井一带仍发育盆地—斜坡低能沉积,沉积物泥质含量较高。七里北1井—七北102井—东升1井一带则发育高能鲕滩沉积,其厚度较铁山坡地区而言相对较小;ssq3时期,区内以台地边缘滩间潮坪沉积为主,未见明显滩体发育;ssq4时期,区内以开阔台地沉积为主,岩性多见泥晶灰岩发育,七里北1井见台缘鲕滩发育;ssq5时期,水循环不畅,整体发育局限台地相。总体而言,七里北地区在ssq2和ssq4时期发育2期台缘滩,滩体厚度相对较小。
结合区域研究成果(宿亚仙,2023文雯等,2023)和上述分析,以及地震相解释成果,系统编制了研究区飞仙关组四级层序(ssq1~ssq5)格架内沉积相平面分布图(图8)。
ssq1沉积时期(图8a),研究区沉积格局受西侧开江梁平海槽影响,自北东—西南部依次发育开阔台地相、台地边缘相和斜坡—盆地相,台地内部发育点状台内滩,台地边缘带见有台缘滩发育,集中分布在铁山坡地区坡5井—坡东1井一带,七里北地区未见滩体发育。ssq2沉积时期(图8b),海平面下降,滩体沉积厚度增大,是研究区台缘滩主要发育时期。铁山坡地区台缘滩范围较ssq1时期扩大,七里北地区靠斜坡—盆地一侧高部位出现滩体沉积,集中在七里北1井—七北102井一带。ssq3沉积时期(图8c),研究区台地边缘带略向盆地方向迁移,台缘滩呈串珠状分布。铁山坡地区台缘带规模较ssq2时期小,北部坡4井—坡东1井一带为台内潮下低能沉积;七里北地区台缘滩向低能滩间环境过渡。ssq4沉积时期(图8d),相带展布总体上继承ssq3时期的分布规律,伴随着海平面的总体下降,台地边缘带向西南盆地方向迁移明显,铁山坡地区台缘带消失,区域上稳定发育一套台内潮下沉积,仅在坡西1井至坡东1井一带发育零星台内滩;七里北地区台缘带变窄,仅七里北1井发育小规模台缘滩。ssq5沉积时期(图8e),研究区基本潮坪化,铁山坡区飞仙关组整体呈局限环境,七里北区开阔台地沉积过渡为局限台地沉积,局部深水地区仍呈斜坡—盆地沉积。
基于前人对开江—梁平海槽东侧飞仙关组沉积模式(张建勇等,2011),结合铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组连井剖面展布及平面分布特征,建立了区域内沉积相模式。在ssq1早期,以海侵作用为主,后期海退在台地边缘地貌高处沉积一期薄层滩体(图9a);ssq2时期继承ssq1后期沉积环境,海平面持续下降,水动力强,是研究区滩体集中发育时期,在ssq2-HST时期沉积稳定厚层的台缘滩体,台地边缘略向盆地方向沉积;ssq3时期滩体在ssq2时期基础上呈进积—加积型模式发育,沉积薄层鲕滩,台缘带相对ssq2时期变窄(图9b)。ssq4时期,海平面持续下降,台地边缘相沉积向开阔台地相过渡,局部高点沉积薄层台内滩(图9c)。到了ssq5末期,水体循环受阻,发育局限台地沉积,滩体消失,出现膏质沉积物。
根据已完钻井岩心、薄片以及录井资料综合分析,结合铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组沉积相连井剖面分布及平面展布,推测研究区有利储层集中在ssq2-HST时期的鲕滩。储集岩主要为(残余)鲕粒灰岩(图10a,e)、(残余)鲕粒白云岩(图10b,f)及粉—细晶白云岩(图10c,d)三大类。其中,(残余)鲕粒白云岩是区内鲕滩储层中主要的储集岩,鲕间溶孔特别发育,且孔径粗大,孔径一般介于0.5~2.0 mm,面孔率一般为5.0%~10.0%;鲕粒内及粒间溶孔十分发育;这种岩石白云石化程度普遍高,白云石含量大于85%,可发育成为良好储集层。岩心、薄片资料表明研究区飞仙关组储层的孔隙类型以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间孔及铸模孔为主,溶洞和裂缝类发育较少。
在物性上,通过对七里北地区和铁山坡地区七里北1井、七北102井、坡1井、坡2井、坡4井飞仙关组取心段孔隙度和渗透率进行分析,铁山坡地区孔隙度介于2.00%~21.76%,平均孔隙度为8.44%;渗透率为(0.001~169)×10-3 μm2,平均渗透率为10.66×10-3 μm2。七里北地区孔隙度介于0.71%~19.82%,平均孔隙度为7.13%;渗透率为(0.000 1~253)×10-3 μm2,平均渗透率为8.18×10-3 μm2
铁山坡、七里北地区鲕滩广泛发育在台地边缘高地貌浅水高能地带,沉积环境波浪作用强,营养物质丰富,碳酸盐生长率较高,为滩体堆积形成提供有利条件(胡忠贵等,2019)。在台地内部地貌高部位处同样见滩体堆积,水体深度较浅,能量较强。在沉积过程中,滩体由于海平面频繁升降而多次出露地表,受淡水淋滤作用,形成晶间孔和溶蚀孔,极大改善了孔隙度,可形成优质储集层(黎荣等,2015)。通过对比研究区不同沉积亚相平均孔隙度(图11a)发现,储层物性由差到好依次为台内潮坪、台缘滩间、台内滩、台缘滩,铁山坡地区整体储层物性较七里北区好,表明沉积环境为储层物性的主控因素。
铁山坡、七里北地区飞二段鲕滩储层受大气淡水溶蚀作用较强,岩石薄片上常见早期选择性溶蚀作用形成的鲕核溶蚀现象,部分颗粒被全部溶蚀形成铸模孔(图10d);晚期的非选择性溶蚀作用使得孔隙溶蚀扩大,多见粒间溶孔、晶间溶孔等孔隙发育,岩心上可见溶蚀孔洞(图10e,f),多期的溶蚀作用使孔隙间的连通性变好。
白云石化作用是形成飞仙关组鲕滩储层的重要作用,灰质沉积岩发生的白云石化强烈程度越强,孔隙度越大(张兵等,2017冯林杰等,2021),有利于储层质量的提高。七里北1井飞仙关组白云石含量与岩心孔隙度的关系图(图11b)显示,研究区孔隙度与白云石含量呈正相关,说明孔隙度随白云石含量增高而增大。研究区飞仙关组的优质白云岩储层包括(残余)鲕粒白云岩和粉—细晶白云岩,主要发育在飞二段台地边缘局部高带中,由于海平面的升降影响,地貌高部位多次暴露海平面上,易发生白云石化作用(吴婷婷等,2012),鲕粒原结构被破坏,形成具残余鲕粒结构的粉—细晶白云岩,多发育铸模孔和晶间孔,储层物性好。研究区沉积相连井剖面(图67)显示,除了飞四段(ssq5)准同生白云石化作用形成的泥质/泥晶白云岩储层不发育外,飞一段至飞三段(ssq1~ssq4)中(残余)颗粒白云岩或粉—细晶白云岩普遍发育于高位体系域中,与高能台缘滩或台内滩相沉积密切相关,储层物性相对好。
综合研究区储层物性、鲕滩分布范围及储层厚度分布,铁山坡地区储层厚度主要分布范围为20~200 m,而坡5井—坡1井一带的储层厚度范围集中在40~160 m,呈连片状分布,储层有利区面积约为24.96 km2;在七里北地区,储层厚度介于10~70 m,主要集中在七里北1井—七北102井一带,滩体整体呈片状或带状分布,储层有利区面积约为9.24 km2,整体小于铁山坡地区。结合两个地区储层物性,铁山坡地区储层孔隙度与渗透率条件均优于七里北地区,表明研究区北部铁山坡一带储层发育区较南部七里北一带有利。具体来看,铁山坡地区坡5井—坡西1井—坡2井—坡1井一带为有利储层发育区带,七里北地区七里北1井—七北102井一带为潜在的有利储层发育区带(图12)。
(1) 铁山坡、七里北地区飞仙关组发育碳酸盐岩台地沉积体系,台地内主要沉积台地边缘滩、开阔台地、局限台地及若干微相。区内台缘滩体横向上主要分布在ssq2-HST时期,具有加积—进积型迁移规律,主要存在2~3期台缘滩体;平面上ssq2时期发育大规模台缘滩,ssq3时期台缘带变窄,向盆地方向迁移。
(2) 研究区储集岩主要为(残余)鲕粒灰岩、(残余)鲕粒白云岩及粉—细晶白云岩,储层发育主要受沉积环境、溶蚀作用及白云石化作用影响,暴露溶蚀作用和白云石化程度较高,台缘滩储层物性好,可构成良好的储层。
(3) 铁山坡、七里北区飞仙关组划分为两条有利储集区带,北部坡5井—坡西1井—坡2井—坡1井一带为有利储层发育区带,南部七里北1井—七北102井一带为潜在的有利储层发育区带。有利储层分布预测成果可为研究区下步鲕滩储层勘探开发提供地质依据。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05007002)
参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.090
  • 接收时间:2024-03-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-04
  • 修回日期:2024-07-17
  • 录用日期:2024-09-09
基金
National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05007002)
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05007002)
作者信息
    1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
    2.长江大学沉积盆地研究中心,武汉 430100
    3.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    4.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院,成都 610041

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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