Article(id=1307264689201762577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264251366765238, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.059, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=1713628800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-21, acceptedDate=1717603200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-06-06, onlineDate=1789605789708, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605789708, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605789708, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605789708, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264251366765238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='405', pageEnd='798', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605685321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605685321, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=596, endPage=613, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264689361146130, articleId=1307264689201762577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Sedimentary Characteristics of Deep-Water Gravity Flow in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin and Its Significance for Petroleum Exploration, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The Chang 7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin mainly developed semi-deep lake-deep lake subfacies; deep-water gravity flow deposits are widely developed. This study aimed to clarify its sedimentary characteristics and distribution rules which can indicate the direction of oil and gas exploration. Methods Taking the Chang 7 member in the Fuxian area of the southeastern basin as the research object, based on the fine description, grain size analysis and logging data of centimeter-level cores from 13 coring wells, the types and characteristics, distribution law and evolution model of gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7 member were clarified. Combined with oil and production test data, the control effect of gravity flows on reservoir distribution was analyzed. Results The results show that the Chang 7 member in the Fuxian area mainly developed three types of gravity flow sedimentary microfacies: sliding-slump, sandy debris flow, and turbidity current deposition. The sliding-slump deposits are characterized by the development of enclave bedding, crumpled deformation structures, and syn-depositional stepped small faults and sliding surfaces and are dominated by mixed deposits of sandstone and mudstone. Sandy debris flow deposits have developed thick massive sandstone, mudstone tearing debris, and mud-encapsulated gravel structure. The thickness of single sand body is 0.3-3.5 m, and the cumulative thickness can reach more than 10 m. Turbidity current deposits have developed flame-like structures, groove molds, other bottom mold structures, and incomplete Bouma sequences. Sand bodies are small in scale and limited in development. The thickness of single sand bodies is several centimeters to tens of centimeters. The Chang 7 member is divided into six typical logging facies combinations and 11 lithofacies types. The grain size probability accumulation curve is characterized by “one-stage suspension” and a “wide arch”. Most of the data in the C-M diagram are parallel to the C=M baseline. Conclusions Among the three kinds of gravity flow sedimentary microfacies in the Chang 7 member, the sandy debris flow has the largest scale of development, accounting for approximately 80%, and the drilling frequency is 60%, making it the most favorable reservoir. Sliding-slump and turbidity current deposits account for approximately 10%. The formation mechanism of the gravity flow in the Chang 7 member is a variety of effects of underwater slope break zones, volcanos, and earthquakes. The development scale of deep-water gravity flow deposits is large, and it forms a good “source-reservoir-cap” combination configuration with source rocks vertically, creating conditions for the near-source accumulation of tight oil. On the plane, the Chang 73 sub-member mainly developed turbidity current deposits, and the Chang 72 and Chang 71 sub-members mainly developed sandy debris flow and turbidity current deposits. The sandy debris flow sand body has a high oil level, mainly oil immersion and oil spots. In the sandy debris flow development area, the industrial oil flow wells account for 21% of the total number of test wells, making it the key target area for the next exploration.

, authors=Jun ZHANG1, 2, YuBin BAI1, 2, XinZhi YAN3, JingZhou ZHAO1, 2, Ning XU4, authorsList=Jun ZHANG, YuBin BAI, XinZhi YAN, JingZhou ZHAO, Ning XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=YuBin BAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
BAI YuBin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264691990974765, articleId=1307264689201762577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7段深水重力流沉积及勘探意义, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段主要发育半深湖—深湖亚相,深水重力流沉积普遍发育,厘清其沉积特征及分布规律可为油气勘探指明方向。 方法 以盆地东南部的富县地区长7段为研究对象,基于13口取心井厘米级岩心精细描述、粒度分析和测井资料,明确了长7段重力流沉积的类型及特征、分布规律及演化模式,结合试油、试采资料分析了重力流对油藏分布的控制作用。 结果 富县地区长7段主要发育滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流3种重力流沉积微相。滑动—滑塌沉积发育包卷层理、揉皱变形构造、同沉积阶梯状小断层及滑动面;砂质碎屑流沉积发育厚层块状砂岩、泥岩撕裂屑及泥包砾结构;浊流沉积发育火焰状构造、沟模、槽模和不完整的鲍马序列。长7段共划分出6种典型测井相组合,11种岩相组合,粒度概率累积曲线表现为“一段悬浮式”和“宽缓上拱形”。 结论 长7段重力流的形成机制为水下坡折带、火山和地震多种作用。平面上,长73亚段主要发育浊流沉积,长72、长71亚段主要发育砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积。砂质碎屑流沉积区工业油流井占试油总井数的21%,为下一步勘探的重点靶区。

, authors=张军1, 2, 白玉彬1, 2, 闫新智3, 赵靖舟1, 2, 徐宁4, authorsList=张军, 白玉彬, 闫新智, 赵靖舟, 徐宁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=白玉彬, authorNote=

张军,男,1998年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail:

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白玉彬,男,副教授,致密油、页岩油地质教学与研究,E-mail:
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(a) well FX191, 1 569.60 m, minor offset; (b) well L225, 1 654.23 m, sliding surface; (c) well L225, 1 654.42 m, sliding surface, sandy injection body; (d) well L383, 1 666.21 m, stepped fault; (e) well L241, 1 551.60-1 551.90 m, developed deformation structure; (f) well L241, 1 551.10-1 551.40 m, developed deformation structure; (g) well L241, 1 561.97-1 562.26 m, upper massive bedding, middle enclave bedding, lower horizontal bedding; (h) well L241, 1 560.70-1 560.96 m, wrapped bedding; and (i) well L256, 1 309.88-1 310.08 m, crumpled deformation structure

, figureFileSmall=N1JTAYo1fXJf8o7CmG6NAg==, figureFileBig=Pd/Hz06xHRnSbZKN6xshNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835553616503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图2, caption=富县地区延长组长7段滑动—滑塌型重力流典型岩心照片

(a)FX191井,1 569.60 m,小型错断;(b)L225井,1 654.23 m,滑动面;(c)L225井,1 654.42 m,滑动面,砂质注入体;(d)L383井,1 666.21 m,阶梯状断层;(e)L241井,1 551.60~1 551.90 m,发育变形构造;(f)L241井,1 551.10~1 551.40 m,发育变形构造;(g)L241井,1 561.97~1 562.26 m,上块状层理,中包卷层理,下水平层理;(h)L241井,1 560.70~1 560.96 m,包卷层理;(i)L256井,1 309.88~1 310.08 m,揉皱变形构造

, figureFileSmall=N1JTAYo1fXJf8o7CmG6NAg==, figureFileBig=Pd/Hz06xHRnSbZKN6xshNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835637502584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Typical core photos of sandy debris flow gravity flow in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

(a) well L230, 1 787.74 m, massive bedding; (b) well L256, 1 281.81-1 282.11 m, massive bedding; (c) well FX168, 1 627.59 m, massive bedding; (d) well L241, 1 550.06-1 550.35 m, massive bedding; (e) well FX191, 1 546.64-1 546.90 m, massive bedding; (f) well FX191, 1 544.70-1 544.95 m, massive bedding; (g) well L256, 1 285.93-1 286.08 m, mud pack structure; (h) well FX191, 1 552.00-1 552.10 m, mud pack gravel structure; (i) well FX168, 1 637.41 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (j) well FX191, 1 564.13-1 564.53 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (k) well FX191, 1 561.08-1 561.23 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (l) well FX191, 1 568.30-1 568.50 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (m) well FX191, 1 560.63-1 560.80 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (n) well FX191, 1 569.20⁃15 69.60 m, developed mudstone tearing debris; (o) well FX168, 1 638.50 m, developed mud gravel; (p) well FX191, 1 568.10-1 568.30 m, developed floating mud gravel

, figureFileSmall=K4VPontm7jX2+WzwM7ic2w==, figureFileBig=MW9TiZPE8W6L81G00A4Mmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835725582969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图3, caption=富县地区延长组长7段砂质碎屑流型重力流典型岩心照片

(a)L230井,1 787.74 m,块状层理;(b)L256井,1 281.81~1 282.11 m,块状层理;(c)FX168井,1 627.59 m,块状层理;(d)L241井,1 550.06~1 550.35 m,块状层理;(e)FX191井,1 546.64~1 546.90 m,块状层理;(f)FX191井,1 544.70~1 544.95 m,块状层理;(g)L256井,1 285.93~1 286.08 m,泥包砾结构;(h)FX191井,1 552.00~1 552.10 m,泥包砾结构;(i)FX168井,1 637.41 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(j)FX191井,1 564.13~1 564.53 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(k)FX191井,1 561.08~1 561.23 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(l)FX191井,1 568.30~1 568.50 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(m)FX191井,1 560.63~1 560.80 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(n)FX191井,1 569.20~1 569.60 m,发育泥岩撕裂屑;(o)FX168井,1 638.50 m,发育泥砾;(p)FX191井,1 568.10~1 568.30 m,发育漂浮泥砾

, figureFileSmall=K4VPontm7jX2+WzwM7ic2w==, figureFileBig=MW9TiZPE8W6L81G00A4Mmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835792691834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Typical core photos of turbidity current gravity flow in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

(a) well L266, 1 262.47 m, flame-like structure; (b) well FX191, 1 561.23-1 561.30 m, development ditch mold; (c) well FX191, 1 548.60 m, development trench mold; (d, e) well FX191, 1 542.44 m, developed trough model; (f) well L112, 1 570.55 m, Buoma sequence BCD section; (g) well L112, 1 501.30 m, Bouma sequence AE section; (h) well L112, 1 547.66 m, Bouma sequence ACE segment; (i) well L241, 1 565.33-1 565.48 m, wavy rhythmic bedding, Bouma sequence CE segment; (j) well L112, 1 503.07 m, Bouma sequence ACE segment

, figureFileSmall=Tcd/GWcJ/xbOzOZiqZQrmg==, figureFileBig=+8775bKZU0HWcRDWnj5KBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835863995003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图4, caption=富县地区延长组长7段浊流型重力流典型岩心照片

(a)L266井,1 262.47 m,火焰状构造;(b)FX191井,1 561.23~15 61.30 m,发育沟模;(c)FX191井,1 548.60 m,发育沟模;(d,e)FX191井,1 542.44 m,发育槽模;(f)L112井,1 570.55 m,鲍马序列BCD段;(g)L112井,1 501.30 m,鲍马序列AE段;(h)L112井,1 547.66 m,鲍马序列ACE段;(i)L241井,1 565.33~1 565.48 m,波状韵律层理,鲍马序列CE段;(j)L112井,1 503.07 m,鲍马序列ACE段

, figureFileSmall=Tcd/GWcJ/xbOzOZiqZQrmg==, figureFileBig=+8775bKZU0HWcRDWnj5KBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835935298172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Particle size probability curve of gravity flow in the Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

(a) one-stage suspension; (b) wide arch; (c) one-stage suspension

, figureFileSmall=3OMzDaOjJhgri/lJLtB08w==, figureFileBig=cnyIAYFNOM14vQG0eBwxmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264835994018429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图5, caption=富县地区延长组长7段重力流粒度概率曲线

(a)一段悬浮式;(b)宽缓上拱形;(c)一段悬浮式

, figureFileSmall=3OMzDaOjJhgri/lJLtB08w==, figureFileBig=cnyIAYFNOM14vQG0eBwxmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264836061127294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=C⁃M diagram of the Chang 7 member in the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area, figureFileSmall=8FyyQzJxJxufnrxv7X6+mw==, figureFileBig=tzSy81wFJH510DQv5/4gJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264836132430463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图6, caption=富县地区延长组长7段C⁃M图, figureFileSmall=8FyyQzJxJxufnrxv7X6+mw==, figureFileBig=tzSy81wFJH510DQv5/4gJg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264836195345024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Characteristics of gravity flow logging facies and lithofacies assemblage of the Chang 7 member in the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

(a) well FX168; (b) well FX191; (c) well L383; (d) well L241; (e) well L230; (f) well L256

, figureFileSmall=Kv2nzXVYQ6xBeJ2kuvBewA==, figureFileBig=X9BtOURlsxlNLUCGVxV5Rw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264836262453889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图7, caption=富县地区延长组长7段重力流测井相及岩相组合特征

(a)FX168井;(b)FX191井;(c)L383井;(d)L241井;(e)L230井;(f)L256井

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(a) Chang 73 sub-member; (b) Chang 72 sub-member; (c) Chang 71 sub-member

, figureFileSmall=t2QWqJKWDdEPKhYlw4cZyg==, figureFileBig=BF5FhFhKSldPaW9Tpx4/2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264837097120397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=图13, caption=富县地区延长组长7段沉积相图

(a)长73油层;(b)长72油层;(c)长71油层

, figureFileSmall=t2QWqJKWDdEPKhYlw4cZyg==, figureFileBig=BF5FhFhKSldPaW9Tpx4/2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264837193589390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gravity flow sedimentary types and lithofacies assemblage characteristics of the Chang 7 member in the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积微相类型岩性GR/APIAC/(μs/m)
滑动—滑塌沉积细砂岩

58~82

68

218~232

226

砂质碎屑流沉积细砂岩

73~116

91

212~237

229

砂质碎屑流沉积粉砂岩

95~119

108

212~244

223

浊流沉积粉砂岩

80~82

81

197~199

198

浊流沉积泥质粉砂岩

111~116

114

230~231

230

水下分流河道沉积细砂岩

69~80

77

200~209

205

), ArticleFig(id=1307264837277475471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

富县地区延长组长7段重力流沉积类型及岩相组合特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
沉积微相类型岩性GR/APIAC/(μs/m)
滑动—滑塌沉积细砂岩

58~82

68

218~232

226

砂质碎屑流沉积细砂岩

73~116

91

212~237

229

砂质碎屑流沉积粉砂岩

95~119

108

212~244

223

浊流沉积粉砂岩

80~82

81

197~199

198

浊流沉积泥质粉砂岩

111~116

114

230~231

230

水下分流河道沉积细砂岩

69~80

77

200~209

205

), ArticleFig(id=1307264837378138768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Gravity flow sedimentary types and lithofacies assemblage characteristics of the Chang 7 member in the Yanchang Formation, Fuxian area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩相组合岩性沉积微相沉积构造流体类型
厚层滑动砂岩相粉砂岩、细砂岩滑动—滑塌沉积小型错断、顶底突变接触、滑动面块体搬运
中—薄层滑塌砂岩相粉砂岩、细砂岩滑动—滑塌沉积包卷层理、揉皱变形构造块体搬运
薄层滑塌泥岩相泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩滑动—滑塌沉积砂质注入体块体搬运
中—薄层块状含砾砂岩相细砂岩、粉砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、漂浮泥砾、泥岩撕裂屑层流
厚层块状纯净砂岩相细砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理层流
厚层块状含砾砂岩相细砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、泥包砾结构层流
中—薄层块状含砾泥岩相粉砂质泥岩、泥岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、砂质团块层流
薄层含层理砂岩夹泥岩相粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩浊流沉积鲍马序列、平行层理、水平层理、火焰状构造、槽模、沟模、砂纹交错层理紊流
厚层暗色泥岩相泥岩半深湖—深湖沉积块状构造
薄层富有机质页岩相页岩半深湖—深湖沉积页理发育、黄铁矿富集
薄层土黄色凝灰岩相凝灰岩火山碎屑沉积
), ArticleFig(id=1307264837453636241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264689201762577, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

富县地区延长组长7段重力流沉积类型及岩相组合特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩相组合岩性沉积微相沉积构造流体类型
厚层滑动砂岩相粉砂岩、细砂岩滑动—滑塌沉积小型错断、顶底突变接触、滑动面块体搬运
中—薄层滑塌砂岩相粉砂岩、细砂岩滑动—滑塌沉积包卷层理、揉皱变形构造块体搬运
薄层滑塌泥岩相泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩滑动—滑塌沉积砂质注入体块体搬运
中—薄层块状含砾砂岩相细砂岩、粉砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、漂浮泥砾、泥岩撕裂屑层流
厚层块状纯净砂岩相细砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理层流
厚层块状含砾砂岩相细砂岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、泥包砾结构层流
中—薄层块状含砾泥岩相粉砂质泥岩、泥岩砂质碎屑流沉积块状层理、砂质团块层流
薄层含层理砂岩夹泥岩相粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩、泥岩浊流沉积鲍马序列、平行层理、水平层理、火焰状构造、槽模、沟模、砂纹交错层理紊流
厚层暗色泥岩相泥岩半深湖—深湖沉积块状构造
薄层富有机质页岩相页岩半深湖—深湖沉积页理发育、黄铁矿富集
薄层土黄色凝灰岩相凝灰岩火山碎屑沉积
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鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7段深水重力流沉积及勘探意义
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张军 1, 2 , 白玉彬 1, 2 , 闫新智 3 , 赵靖舟 1, 2 , 徐宁 4
沉积学报 | 2026,44(2): 596-613
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (2) : 596 -613
鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7段深水重力流沉积及勘探意义
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张军1, 2 , 白玉彬1, 2 , 闫新智3, 赵靖舟1, 2, 徐宁4
作者信息
  • 1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安 710065
  • 2.陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安 710065
  • 3.延长油田股份有限公司,陕西 延安 716000
  • 4.延长油田股份有限公司富县采油厂,陕西 延安 727500
通讯作者:
白玉彬,男,副教授,致密油、页岩油地质教学与研究,E-mail:
作者简介:

张军,男,1998年出生,硕士研究生,地质学,E-mail:

Sedimentary Characteristics of Deep-Water Gravity Flow in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin and Its Significance for Petroleum Exploration
Jun ZHANG1, 2 , YuBin BAI1, 2 , XinZhi YAN3, JingZhou ZHAO1, 2, Ning XU4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi′an Shiyou University, Xi′an 710065, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi′an 710065, China
  • 3.Yanchang Oil Field Corporation, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
  • 4.Fuxian Oil Production in Yanchang Oil Field Corporation, Yan’an, Shaanxi 727500, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    BAI YuBin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.059
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目的 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段主要发育半深湖—深湖亚相,深水重力流沉积普遍发育,厘清其沉积特征及分布规律可为油气勘探指明方向。 方法 以盆地东南部的富县地区长7段为研究对象,基于13口取心井厘米级岩心精细描述、粒度分析和测井资料,明确了长7段重力流沉积的类型及特征、分布规律及演化模式,结合试油、试采资料分析了重力流对油藏分布的控制作用。 结果 富县地区长7段主要发育滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流3种重力流沉积微相。滑动—滑塌沉积发育包卷层理、揉皱变形构造、同沉积阶梯状小断层及滑动面;砂质碎屑流沉积发育厚层块状砂岩、泥岩撕裂屑及泥包砾结构;浊流沉积发育火焰状构造、沟模、槽模和不完整的鲍马序列。长7段共划分出6种典型测井相组合,11种岩相组合,粒度概率累积曲线表现为“一段悬浮式”和“宽缓上拱形”。 结论 长7段重力流的形成机制为水下坡折带、火山和地震多种作用。平面上,长73亚段主要发育浊流沉积,长72、长71亚段主要发育砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积。砂质碎屑流沉积区工业油流井占试油总井数的21%,为下一步勘探的重点靶区。

深水重力流  /  砂质碎屑流  /  延长组  /  长7段  /  鄂尔多斯盆地

Objective The Chang 7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin mainly developed semi-deep lake-deep lake subfacies; deep-water gravity flow deposits are widely developed. This study aimed to clarify its sedimentary characteristics and distribution rules which can indicate the direction of oil and gas exploration. Methods Taking the Chang 7 member in the Fuxian area of the southeastern basin as the research object, based on the fine description, grain size analysis and logging data of centimeter-level cores from 13 coring wells, the types and characteristics, distribution law and evolution model of gravity flow deposits in the Chang 7 member were clarified. Combined with oil and production test data, the control effect of gravity flows on reservoir distribution was analyzed. Results The results show that the Chang 7 member in the Fuxian area mainly developed three types of gravity flow sedimentary microfacies: sliding-slump, sandy debris flow, and turbidity current deposition. The sliding-slump deposits are characterized by the development of enclave bedding, crumpled deformation structures, and syn-depositional stepped small faults and sliding surfaces and are dominated by mixed deposits of sandstone and mudstone. Sandy debris flow deposits have developed thick massive sandstone, mudstone tearing debris, and mud-encapsulated gravel structure. The thickness of single sand body is 0.3-3.5 m, and the cumulative thickness can reach more than 10 m. Turbidity current deposits have developed flame-like structures, groove molds, other bottom mold structures, and incomplete Bouma sequences. Sand bodies are small in scale and limited in development. The thickness of single sand bodies is several centimeters to tens of centimeters. The Chang 7 member is divided into six typical logging facies combinations and 11 lithofacies types. The grain size probability accumulation curve is characterized by “one-stage suspension” and a “wide arch”. Most of the data in the C-M diagram are parallel to the C=M baseline. Conclusions Among the three kinds of gravity flow sedimentary microfacies in the Chang 7 member, the sandy debris flow has the largest scale of development, accounting for approximately 80%, and the drilling frequency is 60%, making it the most favorable reservoir. Sliding-slump and turbidity current deposits account for approximately 10%. The formation mechanism of the gravity flow in the Chang 7 member is a variety of effects of underwater slope break zones, volcanos, and earthquakes. The development scale of deep-water gravity flow deposits is large, and it forms a good “source-reservoir-cap” combination configuration with source rocks vertically, creating conditions for the near-source accumulation of tight oil. On the plane, the Chang 73 sub-member mainly developed turbidity current deposits, and the Chang 72 and Chang 71 sub-members mainly developed sandy debris flow and turbidity current deposits. The sandy debris flow sand body has a high oil level, mainly oil immersion and oil spots. In the sandy debris flow development area, the industrial oil flow wells account for 21% of the total number of test wells, making it the key target area for the next exploration.

deep water gravity flow  /  sandy debris flow  /  Yanchang Formation  /  Chang 7 member  /  Ordos Basin
张军, 白玉彬, 闫新智, 赵靖舟, 徐宁. 鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区长7段深水重力流沉积及勘探意义. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (2) : 596 -613 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.059
Jun ZHANG, YuBin BAI, XinZhi YAN, JingZhou ZHAO, Ning XU. Sedimentary Characteristics of Deep-Water Gravity Flow in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Fuxian Area, Ordos Basin and Its Significance for Petroleum Exploration[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (2) : 596 -613 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.059
随着非常规油气勘探开发的不断深入,陆续发现不同规模的致密油气及页岩油气藏,这些油气藏大多分布于深水环境的细粒沉积岩中,由于紧邻烃源岩发育区而具有优越的成藏条件。中国陆相湖盆的深水区除发育浊流沉积外,分布规模更大的砂质碎屑流沉积亦被大量发现,如鄂尔多斯盆地延长组(陈飞等,2012付金华等,2015冉逸轩和周翔,2020吕奇奇等,2022)、松辽盆地青山口组(潘树新,2012杜锦霞,2015)、准噶尔盆地风城组(高宇慧等,2022冯有良等,2023)、渤海湾盆地沙河街组(鲜本忠等,2012刘磊等,2017姜超,2018)、二连盆地腾格尔组(王予帆等,2022)等,展现出良好的勘探前景。
海相深水重力流的研究最早可追溯到Johnson(1938)提出的浊流沉积。20世纪中期,Kuenen and Migliorini(1950)提出浊流是形成递变层理的主要原因。随后Bouma(1962)提出经典的“鲍马序列”并一直沿用至今。1982年Lower(转引自Shanmugam et al.,1994)提出“高密度浊流”。20世纪末,Shanmugam(1996)否定“高密度浊流”并提出了“砂质碎屑流”。以上研究不仅完善了海相深水重力流沉积理论,也促进了陆相湖盆深水重力流沉积的发现。中国陆相深水重力流的研究起步较早,其中王德坪(1991)李相博等(2009201020112014)是国内较早关注到砂质碎屑流沉积的学者,其认为泥质撕裂团块、砂团、块状层理及泥包砾结构为鉴别砂质碎屑流沉积的直接证据。
近年来,中国陆相湖盆深水重力流沉积已取得诸多研究成果。准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油均主要为重力流沉积(冯有良等,2023),并指出发育的重力流类型为油气勘探的有利区(高宇慧等,2022);潘树新(2012)对松辽盆地青山口组坡折带沟谷体系、断槽等负向地貌的分布及成因展开研究,建立了陆相湖盆块体搬运沉积体(Mass Transport Deposits,MTDs)识别标志,发现多种重力流沉积类型(潘树新,2012杜锦霞,2015),指出重力流沉积为勘探的有利储层(杜锦霞,2015);渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷南部斜坡带(姜超,2018)、南堡凹陷东部(鲜本忠等,2012)和东营凹陷营11北地区(杨剑萍等,2021),多位学者对其深水重力流沉积特征、沉积模式及触发机制展开系统研究,建立了重力流沉积模式并探讨了重力流形成机制。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段沉积期为半深湖—深湖环境,普遍发育重力流沉积,但不同学者的研究认识并不统一(廖纪佳等2013杨仁超等,2014付金华等,2015孙宁亮等,2017李克永等,2018李晓路等,2022梁晓伟等,2022吕奇奇等,2022)。吕奇奇等(2022)识别出西南部长7期发育多种岩相和重力流沉积微相类型,主体以水道型重力流为主;付金华等(2015)认为陇东地区发育沟道型重力流沉积,而廖纪佳等(2013)将该区重力流沉积分为浊积岩、砂质碎屑流沉积物、泥质碎屑流沉积物和滑塌岩,梁晓伟等(2022)认为该地区重力流沉积微相影响重力流砂体构型;杨仁超等(2014)李克永等(2018)对盆地南部不同成因单元的重力流沉积体系展开研究,探讨了重力流的形成机制(杨仁超等,2014),孙宁亮等(2017)探讨该区各种重力流沉积类型的鉴别标志。
综上分析认为,陆相湖盆深水重力流类型多且形成机制复杂,其分布规律仍有待进一步研究。鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区为延长组时期湖盆的沉积中心,长7段黑色泥页岩累积厚度最大超过100 m,深水重力流砂体普遍发育,而以往研究对此关注较少(陈飞等,2012葛毓柱等,2015Wang et al.,2023),特别是在重力流的类型、形成机制和分布规律方面。本文基于研究区13口井200余米的岩心观察,58口井168个样品的粒度资料及800余口测井资料,研究了长7段重力流沉积特征、触发机制及分布规律,探究了深水重力流沉积对油气勘探的意义,旨在为该区下一步油气勘探提供理论依据。
鄂尔多斯盆地位于中国华北板块西部,为稳定的克拉通盆地,油气资源异常富集,是中国第二大陆相含油气盆地,面积约25×104 km2杨仁超等,2014)。盆地分为6个一级构造单元:伊盟隆起、渭北隆起、西缘冲断带、天环坳陷、晋西挠折带、伊陕斜坡(图1a)。三叠系延长组沉积期,盆地经历了河流—三角洲—湖泊相的沉积演化,具有水域广、面积大、地势平坦的沉积特点,周边发育的古隆起为盆地提供了充足的物源供给,形成了累计厚度1 000 m以上的“生—储—盖”沉积组合。延长组细分为长10—长1共10个油层组(梁晓伟等,2022)(图1b)。长7沉积时期,北西和北东向断裂活动异常强烈,湖盆面积快速扩大并达到鼎盛(付金华等,2015),形成延长组最重要的生油层系。
富县地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡南部,近渭北隆起(图1a),面积约4 182 km2。三叠系延长组主力含油层包括长8、长6和长2油层组,累计探明石油地质储量15 128.15×104 t,致密油占比达68.8%,但长7探明石油地质储量仅为798.19×104 t。根据标志层及岩性组合特征,长7段细分为长73、长72、长71共3个油层亚组。长73以泥岩、页岩夹泥质粉砂岩为主;长72以泥岩、泥质粉砂岩和细砂岩为主;长71以泥岩、粉砂岩、细砂岩不等厚互层为主。不同岩性的垂向叠置关系形成了良好的“生—储—盖”组合配置,成为控制长7页岩油大面积分布和富集的重要因素。
滑动沉积是滑块沿着平面发生位移,且滑块内部没有发生形变的连续沉积微块体运动(Shanmugam,2013),研究区鲜有分布,滑动岩体可保留原始沉积构造特征,其内部未发生形变或形变规模较小。长7段岩心观察中,滑动沉积岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩和泥质粉砂岩为主,其鉴别标志主要有:(1)滑动面清晰可见,内部未发生形变(图2a,b);(2)砂岩侵入泥岩,可见搅动现象(图2c)。滑动沉积一般不易保存,在外力作用下将转化为滑塌沉积。
滑塌沉积是一种连续的半固结团块状沉积物,它在一个上凹的滑动面上移动,经历旋回运动,引发内部结构变形(Shanmugam,2013)。长7段滑塌沉积的典型特征为:(1)砂质注入体(图2c);(2)小型错断(图2d,e),反映了该沉积期地震发生导致了重力失衡,引起地层断裂;(3)揉皱变形构造(图2f,h,i);(4)包卷层理(图2g,h)。滑动—滑塌沉积暗示研究区在晚三叠世受印支运动影响,盆地在发生整体沉降过程中,受到火山活动、地震等诱发因素的影响,三角洲前缘砂体发生液化变形,进而形成重力流沉积(Passega,1964)。
砂质碎屑流由国外学者Shanmugam(2002)提出,他认为以往的“高密度浊流”并非真正意义上的浊流,而是代表了“砂质碎屑流”。砂质碎屑流的沉积物呈连续性的块体状态被流体搬运,解释了深水区块状砂岩的形成。研究区长7段砂质碎屑流沉积有以下鉴别标志:(1)厚层块状砂岩,无粒序、层理的变化,是砂质碎屑流沉积的重要标志之一(图3a~f);(2)泥包砾结构是泥质外壳包裹着砂质结核漂浮在块状砂岩中(图3g,h),为砂质碎屑流沉积的直接证据;(3)不规则泥岩撕裂屑异常发育,多在块状砂岩的底部,大小不一,分选性、磨圆度均较差,表明块体受剪切力而变形呈黏性层流状特征(图3i~n)(Shanmugam,2002);(4)发育漂浮泥砾(图3o,p)。
浊流属于牛顿流体,是指在紊流状态下泥砂由流体支撑,并通过悬浮沉降而发生沉积,表现出流体的不稳定、不均匀的特点,流体性质具有一定的突变性(Kuenen and Migliorini,1950Bouma,1962Shanmugam,2013)。浊流形成的浊积岩在长7段的典型特征为:(1)厚度较小,单期厚度一般小于0.5 m,顶部岩性呈渐变接触,发育火焰状构造(图4a);(2)发育沟模(图4b,c)、槽模(图4d,e)等底模构造;(3)在粒序层理上部可见、平行层理、砂纹交错层理、水平层理,构成不完整的鲍马序列,主要有AE段、ACE段、CE段和BCD段(图4f~h,j);(4)频繁的韵律互层(图4i)。
研究区长7段粒度概率累积曲线主要分为2种类型:一段悬浮式(图5a,c)和宽缓上拱形(图5b)。沉积环境、搬运介质及搬运方式等诸多因素综合影响沉积物颗粒大小,所以不同成因的沉积岩在粒度性质上必然存在一定差异。砂质碎屑流沉积的粒度概率曲线表现出“一段悬浮式(图5a)”和“宽缓上拱形(图5b)”的特点,其中“一段悬浮式(图5a)”粒度区间范围较大,大多数在0~5 Φ,悬浮次总体占比高,斜率K主要介于1.7~2.2,沉积物分选性差;“宽缓上拱形(图5b)”跳跃和悬浮次总体间无明显拐点,整体表现为斜率先快速增大,后减缓的曲线特征,反映出沉积物颗粒大小混杂,分选差的特点,粒度区间为1~5 Φ,沉积物粒度以细—极细砂岩为主。浊流沉积的粒度概率曲线表现为“一段悬浮式(图5c)”,粒度区间范围较砂质碎屑流沉积小,主要介于2~5 Φ,斜率K主要介于2.2~3.4,沉积物粒度主要为极细砂—粉砂,分选很差。因此,笔者认为砂质碎屑流沉积和浊流沉积在形成演化上本身存在着一定的联系,并不能单一地依靠粒度概率累积曲线去识别,而应当结合沉积环境、岩心观察和岩相组合等方面综合分析。
C-M图是由Passega在1964年提出,将沉积物搬运的底流分为浊流和牵引流两种模式。对图5样品资料的C、M值统计发现,M值一般介于80.5~364.7 μm,平均为206.6 μm,C值介于48.2~213.1 μm,平均为113.9 μm。将粒度概率累积曲线样品的27个C、M数据分类型投到C-M图(图6),发现研究区长7段深水重力流沉积的27数据点大部分位于C=M基线,同时也有部分数据偏离C=M基线,体现出牵引流沉积特征,反映出深水重力流沉积的物源供给来自三角洲前缘砂体的滑动—滑塌。浊流沉积物较砂质碎屑流沉积物粒度更细(图6)。
长7段3种重力流沉积微相的测井曲线形态特征有6种类型:(1)箱形(图7a),GR测井曲线光滑或者齿化,顶、底均与泥岩呈突变接触,发育厚层块状细砂岩,泥质夹层薄且少,反映出该沉积微相在沉积过程中物源供给充足,水动力条件强且稳定的特点,是典型的砂质碎屑流沉积类型。(2)钟形—箱形复合型(图7b),表现出粒度先向上变粗再变细的沉积特征,顶、底均与细粒物质渐变接触,反映出水动力条件先逐渐增大,而后逐渐减弱的变化趋势,主要为砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积类型。(3)钟形(图7c),表现出沉积物向下变细的结构,反映了水动力条件由强逐渐减弱的过程,物源供给逐渐减少,主要为砂质碎屑流沉积类型,伴生半深湖—深湖沉积。(4)指形(图7c,d),顶、底常表现出突变接触,GR值相对上下地层岩性低,曲线形态为中幅微齿为主,岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩为主,反映出水流能量起伏变化的特征,主要为滑动—滑塌沉积类型,伴有砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积类型。(5)箱形—钟形复合型(图7e),反映出沉积物由粗变细再变粗的沉积特征,水动力条件表现为由强到弱再增强的变化趋势,为砂质碎屑流向半深湖—深湖沉积的转化。(6)漏斗形(图7f),GR曲线为向上变粗的反粒序结构,砂岩顶、底与泥岩呈突变接触,反映出水动力条件由弱变强,物源供给逐渐增多,沉积物向前推进,主要发育砂质碎屑流沉积,伴生浊流和半深湖—深湖沉积。
自西南至东北方向,地层厚度有减薄的趋势,长73亚段黑色页岩厚度变薄更为明显,而长72、长71亚段岩相从砂泥互层相过渡到厚层砂岩相(图8),反映出沉积环境从半深湖—深湖向三角洲前缘的转变。纵向上,长7段常见的沉积微相组合有:滑动—滑塌+砂质碎屑流沉积、砂质碎屑流+深湖泥沉积、上浊流—下砂质碎屑流沉积、上砂质碎屑流+下浊流沉积及滑动—滑塌+砂质碎屑流+浊流沉积;岩性组合包括砂泥岩韵律互层、厚层泥岩夹厚层砂岩、厚层砂岩夹薄层泥岩。
长7段不同沉积微相的GR和AC值具有明显的差异(表1)。滑动—滑塌细砂岩GR值相对较低,AC值平均为226 μs/m。同为细砂岩的砂质碎屑流GR值普遍高于水下分流河道微相,反映了深湖区沉积环境放射性物质富集,其GR平均为91 API,AC平均为229 μs/m;砂质碎屑流粉砂岩GR值显著高于细砂岩,而二者AC值差别较小。浊流沉积以粉砂岩为主,随着泥质含量增加,其GR和AC的值显著增大(表1)。
岩相是一定沉积环境中所形成的岩石或岩石组合,不同沉积微相的岩石组合类型存在差异(刘芬等,2020)。以岩石类型为主导,结合岩心观察、测井特征,将长7段半深湖—深湖和重力流岩相划分为砂岩相和泥岩相2个大类,结合砂岩相和泥岩相的厚度、流体搬运类型和沉积构造进一步细分为11个岩相组合(表2)。
厚层滑动砂岩相、中—薄层滑塌砂岩相和薄层滑塌泥岩相均属于滑动—滑塌沉积。在三角洲前缘未固结或半固结的砂质和泥质沉积物,在一定的触发机制下重力失衡,两种沉积物在流体搬运时速度不同,从而形成小型错断(图2d,e)、顶底突变接触、滑动面等(图2a,b)。重力流沉积物在滑动作用下继续向前推进,由于流体稀释和地形坡度变化(刘芬等,2020),沉积物液化变形后砂质沉积物形成包卷层理(图2g,h)和揉皱变形构造(图2f,h,i),泥质沉积物被砂质沉积物注入形成砂质注入体(图2c)。
中—薄层块状含砾砂岩相、厚层块状纯净砂岩相、厚层块状含砾砂岩相和中—薄层块状含砾泥岩相均属于砂质碎屑流沉积。滑动—滑塌沉积后经过块体搬运沉积物进入更深的水域,砂质沉积物在搬运过程中对其下部泥质沉积物侵蚀,形成漂浮泥砾(图3o,p)和泥岩撕裂屑(图3i~n),而侵蚀面上部形成纯净的块状砂岩(图3a~f)。泥包砾结构的形成与三角洲前缘砂质沉积物经过搬运再沉积有关(李相博等,2014),砂质团块和泥包砾结构的成因相似,也是沉积物在搬运过程中形成的。
薄层含层理砂岩夹泥岩相属于浊流沉积。砂质碎屑流向更深水域再搬运过程中可转化为浊流(Shanmugam,1996),流体性质从层流转化为紊流,从而在浊积岩底部形成火焰状构造、沟模、槽模等底模构造(图4a~e),并发育不完整鲍马序列(图4f~j),可见平行层理、水平层理及砂纹交错层理。
厚层暗色泥岩相和薄层富有机质页岩相均属于半深湖—深湖沉积,为半深湖—深湖泥原地沉积成因。岩心层面黄铁矿发育,指示深水区主要为还原环境。薄层土黄色凝灰岩相为火山碎屑沉积,其与薄层富有机质页岩相伴生,并为有机质的富集提供营养物质。
触发机制、地形坡度和滞水环境是形成深水重力流沉积的必要条件(刘招君,2003)。富县地区长7段处于最大湖泛期,为半深湖—深湖沉积环境,加之印支运动影响下导致秦岭造山带向盆地运动,引起强烈挤压、地壳变形,形成盆地南部陡坡地形(陈安清等,2011),这为深水重力流沉积发生创造了地形条件。超覆于前三角洲的软沉积物上的前积体,在沉积物的快速堆积下欠压实作用增强,从而使沉积物重力失稳(张关龙等,2006),随之下伏沉积物被截切和冲刷,发生滑动—滑塌沉积,三角洲前缘砂体被搬运至坡折带之下的深水区。经过滑动—滑塌、剥蚀、稀释和分流几个阶段(付国民等,2010),三角洲前缘滑动—滑塌沉积转化为坡折带之下的砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积,从而形成完整的深水重力流沉积体系。
研究区多见同沉积阶梯状小断层(图2d,e)、包卷层理(图2g,h)、变形构造(图2f,h,i)等震积岩鉴别标志。同沉积阶梯状小断层主要分布在三角洲前缘和半深湖—深湖区的过渡带或水下坡折带处,典型的如L241井和L383井;包卷层理、揉皱变形构造在研究区均有分布,典型井如L256井、L266井、FX168井、L241井、L383井。黑色页岩也是鉴别深水重力流的重要标志,长73亚段最为典型,其中FX191井、L383井、L271井发育的凝灰岩,表明研究区构造运动和火山活动颇多。长7沉积期为震积岩、凝灰岩和油页岩沉积的高峰期,在时间上与印支运动I幕一致,说明研究区的事件沉积与印支期秦岭造山作用密切相关(陈安清等,2011)。
鄢继华等(2004)通过模拟实验证实了三角洲前缘半固结或未固结的沉积物在地震作用下及湖水振荡下,发生重力失稳导致整体滑塌,形成地震成因的深水重力流沉积。实验认为砂质碎屑流可发生在斜坡坡降大致在6 m/km的斜坡带,也可发生在坡度较缓、斜坡较长的情况下(王颖等,2010),研究区长7段即具备这样的地质条件(吕奇奇等,2022)。长7段发育厚层的块状砂岩(图3a~f),单期厚度3~5 m,无粒序变化,反映了深水环境块体搬运的现象,是鉴别砂质碎屑流沉积的重要证据(李相博等,2009)。同时可见泥包砾结构(图3g,h、图9),李相博等(2014)认为泥包砾结构反映了沉积物块体搬运过程及状态,是鉴别砂质碎屑流的直接证据。泥岩撕裂屑(图3i~n、图9)在研究区十分发育,表明块体受剪切力而变形呈黏性层流状特征,孙宁亮等(2017)认为泥岩撕裂屑是砂质滑塌及泥质碎屑流形成时所产生的,泥岩碎屑被卷入砂质沉积物中而形成具有泥岩撕裂屑的块状砂岩。长7段发育漂浮泥砾(图3o,p),含泥砾砂岩粒径大小不一,多介于1~4 cm,颜色以深灰色为主,形态多变、大小混杂,磨圆度较好,属于外源碎屑沉积物,应为经过长距离搬运后的滑动—滑塌沉积形成(廖纪佳等,2013)。因此,研究区长7段重力流触发机制为火山、地震等事件,最终形成滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积。
在前人研究基础上,结合L241井、FX168井、FX191井和L112井4口岩心观察井,建立了富县地区长7段深水重力流沉积演化模式(图10)。L241井多见揉皱变形构造,岩性以细砂岩为主;FX168井主要发育块状层理,无粒序变化,岩性为细砂岩;F191井主要发育泥岩撕裂屑,夹杂砂质注入体,岩性以细砂岩、粉砂岩和含粉砂泥岩为主;L112井主要发育鲍马序列ACE段组合,岩性主要为细砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和泥岩。可见,从三角洲前缘到半深湖—深湖环境,完整呈现出长7段沉积微相类型的变化规律。
深水重力流沉积形成于三角洲前缘到湖盆中心的斜坡上(黄军平等,2023),处于斜坡之上的滑塌体不断在三角洲前缘泥岩软沉积物上堆积,在重力等机制触发下转变为碎屑流。砂质碎屑流底部的泥质碎屑流进一步演化形成泥包砾、泥岩撕裂屑等结构(邹才能等,2009李相博等,2014),到达深湖区砂质碎屑流与三角洲前缘砂体分离(Shanmugam,2009),形成似朵叶状砂体。流体在向湖盆中心运动过程中进一步被水体稀释(杨田等,2021),流体形式由层流转化为紊流,并且由碎屑流演化为薄层浊流。
据研究区13口岩心观察井统计:长7段主要发育三角洲前缘、重力流和半深湖—深湖3种沉积亚相类型,占比分别为39.7%、33.0%和27.3%(图11a)。其中重力流沉积主要发育滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流3种沉积微相,砂质碎屑流沉积占比高达83.5%,砂岩累计厚度达69.3 m,单期厚度0.2~6.7 m,平均为1.2 m(图11b,c)。不同井、不同层段砂质碎屑流沉积物源供给差异大,反映出沉积时水动力条件的差异性。浊流沉积不发育,占比7.2%,浊积岩累计厚度5.9 m,单期厚度0.1~0.8 m,平均为0.3 m(图11b,c)。滑动—滑塌沉积亦不发育,占比8.9%,滑塌岩累计厚度7.5 m,单期厚度0.1~3.5 m,平均为0.7 m(图11b,c)。半深湖—深湖沉积,深湖泥单期厚度最大7.0 m,最小不足0.1m,平均1.4 m(图11b,c)。滑动—滑塌和浊流沉积单期厚度分布主要集中在0.5 m以下和1.0~0.5 m两个区间,而砂质碎屑流沉积单期厚度分布主要集中在2.0 m以下(图12d)。
基于13口岩心观察井取心段统计,长7段含油性主体以荧光—油浸级别为主,但不同岩性及沉积微相砂体含油性差异大。油斑、油迹和荧光级别重力流沉积和三角洲前缘沉积占比差别较小,但油浸级别重力流显著优于三角洲前缘砂体(图12a),暗示重力流更有利于石油富集,因为半深湖—深湖发育的黑色页岩和重力流砂体形成了良好的“生—储—盖”组合配置,有利于就近聚集成藏。对比3种重力流类型的含油情况(图12b),发现砂质碎屑流油浸级占38.1%,油斑级占18.0%,油迹级占24.5%,滑动—滑塌沉积和浊流沉积占比极低,进一步证实了砂质碎屑流为下一步勘探的有利微相类型。
以岩心观察井为基础、结合粒度资料及800余口井的测井曲线类型,确定了长73、长72和长71亚段三角洲前缘与半深湖的界限。通过长73图13a)、长72图13b)、长71图13c)亚段沉积微相平面分布图,揭示了富县地区深水重力流平面展布规律。长7段探井试油资料统计发现,砂质碎屑流沉积区(非/限制性水道沉积)工业油流井占总试油井数的21%,表明其为深水重力流沉积中的优质储集体。
长73沉积时期(图13a):深水重力流沉积主要发育于研究区北部,且发育规模较小,限制性水道不发育,表现为多个延伸距离远的朵叶体沉积(浊流沉积)和少量非限制性水道(砂质碎屑流—浊流沉积)、天然堤沉积。轴向呈北东—南西向不对称分布。非限制性水道沉积主要位于研究区西北部,朵叶体沉积主要集中在中部、东部,规模大小不一。平面上,朵叶体主要表现为长片状或朵状的特征。朵叶体沉积主要是浊流成因的砂纹交错层理粉砂岩、水平层理泥质粉砂岩与泥(页)岩互层。长73沉积时期主体为水道间和半深湖—深湖泥沉积,以生油为主,非限制性水道发育区可作为页岩油勘探目标。
长72沉积时期(图13b):相比于长73时期,深水重力流沉积明显增多,北部、东部、西南部均较发育。该时期主要发育非/限制性水道、天然堤和朵叶体沉积类型。非/限制性水道规模增加,横向上限制性水道连通性较差,呈条带状延伸,非限制性水道呈扇形或片状分布。工业油流井主要分布于非限制性水道中。
长71沉积时期(图13c):主要发育非/限制性水道和天然堤沉积,朵叶体沉积发育较少。相比于长72时期,水道变宽、数量增加、延伸距离更远,三角洲前缘砂体向西南推进,半深湖—深湖面积缩小,重力流物源供给更充足。该时期水道沉积规模更大,朵叶体沉积较少。油藏大面积分布,工业油流井主要分布于非/限制性水道中,而朵叶体中以低产油流井为主。
(1) 鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区延长组长7段主要发育滑动—滑塌、砂质碎屑流和浊流沉积3种重力流沉积微相。砂质碎屑流沉积发育规模最大,3种重力流沉积类型中占比高达83.5%。
(2) 长7段重力流粒度概率累积曲线主要分为2类:“一段悬浮式”和“宽缓上拱形”。测井相主要发育:箱形、钟形、漏斗形、指形、钟形+漏斗形复合型和箱形+钟形复合型6种类型。划分为出砂岩相、泥岩相2大类并细分出11种岩相类型:砂岩相主要包括厚层滑动砂岩相、中—薄层滑塌砂岩相、中—薄层块状含砾砂岩相和厚层块状纯净砂岩相;泥岩相主要包括薄层滑塌泥岩相、中—薄层块状含砾泥岩相、薄层含层理砂岩夹泥岩相、厚层暗色泥岩相、薄层富有机质页岩相和薄层土黄色凝灰岩相。
(3) 长7沉积时期富县地区主体为半深湖—深湖环境,深水重力流形成条件为水下坡折带,触发机制主要是火山和地震活动。深水重力流沉积发育规模大,与烃源岩在纵向上形成良好的“生—储—盖”组合配置,为致密油近源成藏创造条件。长7段砂质碎屑流砂体含油显示最好,工业油流井占比高,为下一步勘探的有利储集体。
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2017JM4014)
  • 陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JS090)
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2026年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.059
  • 接收时间:2024-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-26
  • 修回日期:2024-04-21
  • 录用日期:2024-06-06
基金
Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program(2017JM4014)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2017JM4014)
Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Special Research Project(18JS090)
陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目(18JS090)
作者信息
    1.西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院,西安 710065
    2.陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.延长油田股份有限公司,陕西 延安 716000
    4.延长油田股份有限公司富县采油厂,陕西 延安 727500

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白玉彬,男,副教授,致密油、页岩油地质教学与研究,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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