Article(id=1307264384493969435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264251366765238, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1701705600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-05, revisedDate=1712592000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-09, acceptedDate=1715356800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-05-11, onlineDate=1789605717061, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605717061, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605717061, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605717061, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264251366765238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='405', pageEnd='798', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605685321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605685321, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=689, endPage=706, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264384795959324, articleId=1307264384493969435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Architecture Patterns and Characterization of Marine Sandy Beach-Bar Reservoirs: A case study of the Donghe sandstone in the Hudson oilfield, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The architecture of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs is complex, and dominant seepage channels and barriers are developed. The current lack of architecture models for underground reservoirs means that there are few effective guidelines for the recovery of residual oil. Methods A system is proposed for recognizing the architecture patterns of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs from outcrops in the Hudson Donghe sandstone, obtained through the use of satellite photographs and numerical simulations. Results The depositional architecture of individual sand bars within composite beach-bars is affected by many factors (e.g., shoreline shape, coastal slope, wave direction and height). Multiple types of sandbar may be formed (e.g., conical bar, crescent-moon-shaped bar, positive linear bar, nonlinear inclined bar and sandy beach bar). Based on the identification of boundaries between individual sandbars, and guided by the architecture mode, 13 sandbars of different sizes were identified in the C1 layer in the study area, comprising five crescent-moon-shaped bars, seven forward linear bars and one oblique bar. Differences in scale are evident between different sandbar types: the length of crescent-moon-shaped bars is about 1.5-3.0 km; the length of oblique bars is about 4.5-5.0 km; and the length of positive linear bars is more than 6 km. The sandbars exhibit either progradational or retrogradational stacking patterns; bars in the C1 layer exhibit progradational lateral separation and progradational lateral stacking patterns. The migration rate of the coastline has affected the stacking relationship between the sandbars. Numerical simulations and outcrop observations indicate differences in the developmental patterns of the internal accretion bodies, including top accretion, top- and side accretion, and different interval types. Three internal interlayer patterns were identified in the C1 layer: a two-stage “top- and side-accretion” feature in the No. 16 sandbar, and “side accretion” in the No. 19 sandbar. The slopes of the top and side accretion interlayers range from about 1°-3° to 3°-7°. The layers between No. 14 and 15 sandbars are arranged in an “interval” pattern. Conclusions The fine characterization of the internal architecture of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs described in this study can effectively guide the recovery of remaining oil.

, authors=JunWei ZHAO1, HaiHang SUN2, HuiJing FANG3, Lei TIAN4, XiaoLi ZHENG1, Heng WANG1, authorsList=JunWei ZHAO, HaiHang SUN, HuiJing FANG, Lei TIAN, XiaoLi ZHENG, Heng WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264387979436091, articleId=1307264384493969435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型模式及表征, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 海相砂质滩坝储层构型特征复杂,储层内部发育渗流优势通道及渗流屏障,对储层内部构型特征认识不清,制约了油藏的剩余油挖潜。 方法 应用野外露头、卫星照片及沉积数值模拟等多技术手段,以哈得逊东河砂岩为研究对象,探讨了海相砂质滩坝储层的构型模式,在模式指导下对东河砂岩储层进行了构型精细表征。 结果 复合滩坝内部单一砂坝的沉积构型受控于岸线形态、海岸坡度、波浪方向及高度等多种因素,可形成不同形态的锥形坝、弯月坝、正向线性坝、斜交坝等单一坝体构型模式,在单一坝体边界识别的基础上,以构型模式为指导,在研究区C1小层识别出不同规模的坝体13个,包括弯月坝5个、正向线性坝7个、斜交坝1个,不同坝体间定量规模存在差异,弯月坝长度介于1.5~3.0 km,斜交坝长度介于4.5~5.0 km,正向线性坝体长度大于6 km。坝砂间呈进积型及退积型叠置模式,C1小层坝体间呈进积侧向分隔型及进积侧向叠置型,海岸线迁移速率影响了砂坝间的叠置关系。数值模拟结果及露头资料表明砂坝内部增生体发育模式存在差异,其内部夹层分布模式包括顶积式分布、顶积—侧积式、间隔式3类,在C1小层识别出3类坝体内部夹层分布模式,16号坝体内部夹层呈“顶积—侧积式”的两段式分布特征,19号坝体内部夹层呈“侧积式”分布,顶积式与侧积式夹层的倾角分布区间为1°~3°、3°~7°,14、15号坝体间夹层呈“间隔式”分布,总结了哈得逊东河砂岩储层砂坝内部夹层的发育模式。 结论 精细表征海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型,可有效指导剩余油的挖潜。

, authors=赵俊威1, 孙海航2, 方惠京3, 田磊4, 郑晓丽1, 王恒1, authorsList=赵俊威, 孙海航, 方惠京, 田磊, 郑晓丽, 王恒, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

赵俊威,男,1988年出生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,储层沉积学、油气藏开发地质、油藏建模,E-mail:

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赵俊威,男,1988年出生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,储层沉积学、油气藏开发地质、油藏建模,E-mail:

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Composition, age, and depositional rates of shoreface deposits under barriers and beach plains of the Columbia River littoral cell, USA[J].Marine Geology, 273(1/2/3/4): 62-82., articleTitle=Composition, age, and depositional rates of shoreface deposits under barriers and beach plains of the Columbia River littoral cell, USA, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1307264651419472807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=6, pageStart=659, pageEnd=674, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=null, rfOrder=89, authorNames=Price T D, Ruessink B G, journalName=Continental Shelf Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Price T D, Ruessink B G. 2011. State dynamics of a double sandbar system[J]. 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(a) structure of northern Tarim Basin and location of Hudson oilfield; (b) top surface structure of Donghe sandstone in the Hudson oilfield; (c) stratigraphic column

, figureFileSmall=J6yRK92V5V6tShRZmdLwNw==, figureFileBig=HRG2bSm0SFklS6rsGuiWGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264633941807918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区构造位置及地层柱状图

(a)塔里木盆地北部构造特征及哈得逊油田构造位置;(b)哈得逊油田东河砂岩顶面构造图;(c)地层柱状图

, figureFileSmall=J6yRK92V5V6tShRZmdLwNw==, figureFileBig=HRG2bSm0SFklS6rsGuiWGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634046665519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Classification of architecture interface levels in beach⁃bar reservoir (Xiaohaizi outcrop profile in Bachu county, Xinjiang)

(a) fifth level limiting beach-bar composite sandbody, and fourth level limiting single bar sandbody and single beach sandbody; (b, c) third level limiting accretion bodies

, figureFileSmall=qqic0L2O/EY/b1r6my/Kcg==, figureFileBig=HsJkGs4STOcEicZJWcfcGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634109580081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图2, caption=滩坝储集体构型级次划分(新疆巴楚县小海子野外露头剖面)

(a)5级构型界面限定的滩坝复合砂体,4级构型界面限定的单一坝砂及单一滩砂;(b,c)3级构型界面限定的坝内增生体

, figureFileSmall=qqic0L2O/EY/b1r6my/Kcg==, figureFileBig=HsJkGs4STOcEicZJWcfcGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634180883250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Morphological influencing factors and types of single nearshore sandbar, figureFileSmall=13O+Tr0BDnLxDaFx8eeL2A==, figureFileBig=Fbn990twxuh5Yc11phIX9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634243797811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图3, caption=单一临滨坝体形态影响因素及坝体类型, figureFileSmall=13O+Tr0BDnLxDaFx8eeL2A==, figureFileBig=Fbn990twxuh5Yc11phIX9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634315100980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison between satellite photographs of modern sediments and sedimentary numerical simulation results

(a) crescent-moon-shaped bar, Wenchang city, Hainan province; (b) conical and oblique bars, Wenchang city, Hainan province; (c) crescent-moon-shaped bar, sedimentary numerical simulation results; (d) conical bar, sedimentary numerical simulation results; (e) sand spit bar, Lingao county, Hainan province; (f) underwater linear sand bar, Wenchang city, Hainan province; (g) sand spit and oblique bars, sedimentary numerical simulation results; (h) underwater linear sand bar, sedimentary numerical simulation results

, figureFileSmall=oW+Fz9PPNMopMJ8WMh02bg==, figureFileBig=CeMX2j6xjM0S8Ol9y6jBUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634386404149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图4, caption=现代沉积卫星照片与沉积数值模拟结果对比图

(a)弯月坝,海南省文昌市;(b)锥形坝及斜交坝,海南省文昌市;(c)弯月坝,沉积数值模拟结果;(d)锥形坝,沉积数值模拟结果;(e)砂咀坝,海南省临高县;(f)水下线性坝,海南省文昌市;(g)砂咀坝、斜交坝,沉积数值模拟结果;(h)水下线性坝,沉积数值模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=oW+Fz9PPNMopMJ8WMh02bg==, figureFileBig=CeMX2j6xjM0S8Ol9y6jBUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634470290230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Lateral stacking patterns of sandbars (Xiaohaizi outcrop profile in Bachu county, Xinjiang)

(a) progradational lateral stacking relationship between single bar sandbody from outcrop observation point 1; (b) progradational lateral stacking relationship between single bar sandbody from outcrop observation point 2; (c) local vertical superpositional relationship between single bar sandbody from outcrop observation point 3

, figureFileSmall=rW/uPIgiNZkN4nQAG8XgQQ==, figureFileBig=vUEoSNQDf0Q3nkolyNN91A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634533204791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图5, caption=坝体侧向叠置型关系(新疆巴楚县小海子野外露头剖面)

(a)1号露头观测点:单一坝砂之间的侧向进积叠加关系;(b)2号露头观测点:单一坝砂之间的侧向进积叠加关系;(c)3号露头观测点:单一坝砂之间局部呈垂向叠加关系

, figureFileSmall=rW/uPIgiNZkN4nQAG8XgQQ==, figureFileBig=vUEoSNQDf0Q3nkolyNN91A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634600313656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Architecture stacking patterns of single sandbars (modified from Heward, 1981) for progressive composite sandbars

(a) progradational composite bar, a large supply of sediment and stable sea level; (b) progradational composite bar, sufficient sediment supply and slowly lowering sea level; (c) progradational composite bar, limited sediment supply and rapidly lowering sea level; (d) retrogradational composite bar, retrograde composite sandbars with slow rise in sea level; (e) retrogradational composite bar, rapid rise in sea level; (f) retrogradational composite bar, infill in the lowest locations due to rapidly rising sea level

, figureFileSmall=852Srndm7qo1g1p2SJKcQQ==, figureFileBig=VuPDPWxbE0EhzakoftVHtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634680005433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图6, caption=单一临滨坝构型叠置模式图(据Heward,1981修改)

(a)进积型复合坝体,沉积物大量供给,海平面保持稳定;(b)进积型复合坝体,沉积物供给充足,海平面缓慢下降;(c)进积型复合坝体,有限的沉积物供给,海平面快速下降;(d)退积型复合坝体,海平面缓慢上升;(e)退积型复合坝体,海平面快速上升;(f)退积型复合坝体,填平补齐型,海平面快速上升

, figureFileSmall=852Srndm7qo1g1p2SJKcQQ==, figureFileBig=VuPDPWxbE0EhzakoftVHtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634738725690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Simulated internal architecture of conical and crescent⁃moon⁃shaped bars

(a) internal architecture characteristics of conical or crescent⁃moon⁃shaped bars based on numerical simulation results, the cross and longitudinal profile data of sandbar are sourced from the sediment numerical simulation data, cross-sections in steps of 90, 110, 130, 150 and 170, and longitudinal profiles at step 170; (b) photograph of top accretion body, Donghe sandstone outcrop, Xiaohaizi, Xinjiang

, figureFileSmall=n/f0Z3VPV2orqLjA3J3I5w==, figureFileBig=YkKP0CjMKQz9Xeii+woxDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634810028859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图7, caption=基于沉积模拟的锥形坝或弯月坝内部构型特征

(a)基于数值模拟结果的锥形坝或弯月坝内部构型特征,坝体横剖面及纵剖面数据来源于沉积数值模拟数据体,横剖面数据的模拟步长为90、110、130、150、170,纵剖面数据的模拟步长为170;(b)顶积式增生体,新疆小海子东河砂岩露头

, figureFileSmall=n/f0Z3VPV2orqLjA3J3I5w==, figureFileBig=YkKP0CjMKQz9Xeii+woxDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634906497852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Simulated internal architecture of forward linear bar

(a) internal architecture characteristics of conical or crescent⁃moon⁃shaped bars based on numerical simulation results, the cross and longitudinal profile data of sandbar are sourced from the sediment numerical simulation data, cross-sections in steps of 190, 210, 230, 250 and 270, and longitudinal profile at step 270; (b) photograph of lateral accretion body, Donghe sandstone outcrop, Xiaohaizi, Xinjiang

, figureFileSmall=KlGAjW15ITBEZGBTmB2TuA==, figureFileBig=2pjh5vFUp65ve/gWkppB8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264634981995325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图8, caption=基于沉积模拟的正向线性坝内部构型特征

(a)基于数值模拟结果的正向线性坝内部构型特征,坝体横剖面及纵剖面数据来源于沉积数值模拟数据体,横剖面数据的模拟步长为190、210、230、250、270,纵剖面数据的模拟步长为270;(b)侧积式增生体,新疆小海子东河砂岩露头

, figureFileSmall=KlGAjW15ITBEZGBTmB2TuA==, figureFileBig=2pjh5vFUp65ve/gWkppB8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635049104190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Plans and cross⁃sections of internal architecture in sandbar reservoirs

(a) conical or crescent-moon-shaped bars; (b) forward linear sandbars (underwater); (c) forward linear sandbars (partially exposed to water surface)

, figureFileSmall=4Yg6Ww5y6h+03SitpTkUkA==, figureFileBig=mYhbtWigI2KGGXVCA4bJAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635254625087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图9, caption=砂坝储层内部构型平面及剖面图

(a)锥形坝或弯月坝;(b)正向线性坝(水下);(c)正向线性坝(部分坝体出露水面)

, figureFileSmall=4Yg6Ww5y6h+03SitpTkUkA==, figureFileBig=mYhbtWigI2KGGXVCA4bJAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635330122560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Ancient coastline and coastal slope in the Hudson area

(a) shoreline features, modified from Ling, 2008; (b) bar sandbody with gently sloping area and large developing area

, figureFileSmall=hj/W3oD9+1WNSfMiyMD16w==, figureFileBig=QSxCqUb0wrkihYCf3Rq45Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635405620033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图10, caption=哈得逊地区古岸线及海岸坡度特征

(a)古岸线特征(据凌东明,2008修改);(b)缓坡型海岸与坝砂的大面积发育

, figureFileSmall=hj/W3oD9+1WNSfMiyMD16w==, figureFileBig=QSxCqUb0wrkihYCf3Rq45Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635502089026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Boundary identification of single⁃stage sandbar, figureFileSmall=sAtvmtY8Q+bQznnLla0UjQ==, figureFileBig=9+fS5f393iou6wYhmokHYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635577586499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图11, caption=单期坝体边界识别, figureFileSmall=sAtvmtY8Q+bQznnLla0UjQ==, figureFileBig=9+fS5f393iou6wYhmokHYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635674055492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Profile distribution of interlayers within the sandbar, figureFileSmall=Y/+0151PxNSLWtrvkG2Vsw==, figureFileBig=tbBjTUf6KsE6aRPBjsOpdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635745358661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图12, caption=坝体内部夹层剖面分布, figureFileSmall=Y/+0151PxNSLWtrvkG2Vsw==, figureFileBig=tbBjTUf6KsE6aRPBjsOpdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264635804078918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Migration of coastline and single⁃stage sandbar distribution in C1 layer

(a) ancient coastline; (b) single sandbar

, figureFileSmall=BUMIVY6JcPO0yedOMslCfg==, figureFileBig=ygkJE3vg832ydQ+XiPkV8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264637494383431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图13, caption=C1小层海岸线迁移特征及单期坝体平面分布

(a)古海岸线;(b)单一坝体

, figureFileSmall=BUMIVY6JcPO0yedOMslCfg==, figureFileBig=ygkJE3vg832ydQ+XiPkV8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264637620212552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Types and distribution of interlayers within the sandbar

(a) frequencies of interlayer thickness; (b) muddy interlayer, well HD4-39-2, 5 075.5 m; (c) calcium mud interlayer, well HD4-44, 5 080.8 m; (d) calcium intercalation, well HD112, 5 097.1 m; (e) core section of muddy interlayers, well HD4-39-2, 5 075.5 m

, figureFileSmall=TF6IVfVpcd4cAAKzJSVLjA==, figureFileBig=nQouqHKLiBDBptyVj8ct1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264637712487241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图14, caption=坝体内部夹层类型及分布特征

(a)夹层厚度分布频率图;(b)泥质夹层,HD4⁃39⁃2井,5 075.5 m;(c)钙泥质夹层,HD4⁃44井, 5 080.8 m;(d)钙质夹层,HD112井,5 097.1 m;(e)泥质夹层,岩心断面特征,HD4⁃39⁃2井,5 075.5 m

, figureFileSmall=TF6IVfVpcd4cAAKzJSVLjA==, figureFileBig=nQouqHKLiBDBptyVj8ct1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264637767013194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Interlayer patterns in Donghe sandstone sandbars, Hudson oilfield

(a) cross-section of crescent-moon-shaped bar / mud groove / crescent-moon-shaped bar showing “interval” / “top accretion” interlayer pattern; (b) longitudinal section of crescent-moon-shaped bar showing “top accretion” interlayer pattern; (c) cross-section of linear bar showing interlayer pattern; (d) longitudinal section of linear bar showing “lateral accumulation” interlayer pattern

, figureFileSmall=b6ErtHPxm16boJIoPgABwA==, figureFileBig=UoN2GxJjnbZAADxKQQXnxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1307264637834122059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264384493969435, language=CN, label=图15, caption=哈得逊油田东河砂岩砂坝内部夹层发育模式

(a)弯月坝—泥质凹槽—弯月坝横剖面,呈“间隔式”及“顶积式”夹层分布模式;(b)弯月坝纵剖面“顶积式”夹层分布模式;(c)线性坝横剖面夹层分布模式;(d)线性坝纵剖面“侧积式”夹层分布模式

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海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型模式及表征
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赵俊威 1 , 孙海航 2 , 方惠京 3 , 田磊 4 , 郑晓丽 1 , 王恒 1
沉积学报 | 2026,44(2): 689-706
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (2) : 689 -706
海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型模式及表征
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赵俊威,男,1988年出生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,储层沉积学、油气藏开发地质、油藏建模,E-mail:

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赵俊威1 , 孙海航2, 方惠京3, 田磊4, 郑晓丽1, 王恒1
作者信息
  • 1.长江大学录井技术与工程研究院,湖北 荆州 434020
  • 2.中国石油塔里木油田分公司油气开发部,新疆 库尔勒 841000
  • 3.安徽省煤田地质局勘查研究院,合肥 230088
  • 4.中国石油塔里木油田分公司油气田产能建设事业部,新疆 库尔勒 841000
作者简介:

赵俊威,男,1988年出生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,储层沉积学、油气藏开发地质、油藏建模,E-mail:

Architecture Patterns and Characterization of Marine Sandy Beach-Bar Reservoirs: A case study of the Donghe sandstone in the Hudson oilfield
JunWei ZHAO1 , HaiHang SUN2, HuiJing FANG3, Lei TIAN4, XiaoLi ZHENG1, Heng WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Mud Logging Technology and Engineering Research Institute, Yangtzeu University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434020, China
  • 2.Oil and Gas Development Department, Tarim Oilfield Branch, CNPC, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
  • 3.Exploration and Research Institute, Anhui Coalfield Geological Bureau, Hefei 230088, China
  • 4.Oil and Gas Capacity Construction Department, Tarim Oilfield Branch, CNPC, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.053
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目的 海相砂质滩坝储层构型特征复杂,储层内部发育渗流优势通道及渗流屏障,对储层内部构型特征认识不清,制约了油藏的剩余油挖潜。 方法 应用野外露头、卫星照片及沉积数值模拟等多技术手段,以哈得逊东河砂岩为研究对象,探讨了海相砂质滩坝储层的构型模式,在模式指导下对东河砂岩储层进行了构型精细表征。 结果 复合滩坝内部单一砂坝的沉积构型受控于岸线形态、海岸坡度、波浪方向及高度等多种因素,可形成不同形态的锥形坝、弯月坝、正向线性坝、斜交坝等单一坝体构型模式,在单一坝体边界识别的基础上,以构型模式为指导,在研究区C1小层识别出不同规模的坝体13个,包括弯月坝5个、正向线性坝7个、斜交坝1个,不同坝体间定量规模存在差异,弯月坝长度介于1.5~3.0 km,斜交坝长度介于4.5~5.0 km,正向线性坝体长度大于6 km。坝砂间呈进积型及退积型叠置模式,C1小层坝体间呈进积侧向分隔型及进积侧向叠置型,海岸线迁移速率影响了砂坝间的叠置关系。数值模拟结果及露头资料表明砂坝内部增生体发育模式存在差异,其内部夹层分布模式包括顶积式分布、顶积—侧积式、间隔式3类,在C1小层识别出3类坝体内部夹层分布模式,16号坝体内部夹层呈“顶积—侧积式”的两段式分布特征,19号坝体内部夹层呈“侧积式”分布,顶积式与侧积式夹层的倾角分布区间为1°~3°、3°~7°,14、15号坝体间夹层呈“间隔式”分布,总结了哈得逊东河砂岩储层砂坝内部夹层的发育模式。 结论 精细表征海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型,可有效指导剩余油的挖潜。

储层构型  /  海相滩坝砂体  /  储层表征  /  东河砂岩  /  哈得逊油田

Objective The architecture of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs is complex, and dominant seepage channels and barriers are developed. The current lack of architecture models for underground reservoirs means that there are few effective guidelines for the recovery of residual oil. Methods A system is proposed for recognizing the architecture patterns of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs from outcrops in the Hudson Donghe sandstone, obtained through the use of satellite photographs and numerical simulations. Results The depositional architecture of individual sand bars within composite beach-bars is affected by many factors (e.g., shoreline shape, coastal slope, wave direction and height). Multiple types of sandbar may be formed (e.g., conical bar, crescent-moon-shaped bar, positive linear bar, nonlinear inclined bar and sandy beach bar). Based on the identification of boundaries between individual sandbars, and guided by the architecture mode, 13 sandbars of different sizes were identified in the C1 layer in the study area, comprising five crescent-moon-shaped bars, seven forward linear bars and one oblique bar. Differences in scale are evident between different sandbar types: the length of crescent-moon-shaped bars is about 1.5-3.0 km; the length of oblique bars is about 4.5-5.0 km; and the length of positive linear bars is more than 6 km. The sandbars exhibit either progradational or retrogradational stacking patterns; bars in the C1 layer exhibit progradational lateral separation and progradational lateral stacking patterns. The migration rate of the coastline has affected the stacking relationship between the sandbars. Numerical simulations and outcrop observations indicate differences in the developmental patterns of the internal accretion bodies, including top accretion, top- and side accretion, and different interval types. Three internal interlayer patterns were identified in the C1 layer: a two-stage “top- and side-accretion” feature in the No. 16 sandbar, and “side accretion” in the No. 19 sandbar. The slopes of the top and side accretion interlayers range from about 1°-3° to 3°-7°. The layers between No. 14 and 15 sandbars are arranged in an “interval” pattern. Conclusions The fine characterization of the internal architecture of marine sandy beach-bar reservoirs described in this study can effectively guide the recovery of remaining oil.

reservoir architecture  /  marine beach-bar sandbody  /  reservoir characterization  /  Donghe sandstone  /  Hudson oilfield
赵俊威, 孙海航, 方惠京, 田磊, 郑晓丽, 王恒. 海相砂质滩坝储层内部构型模式及表征. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (2) : 689 -706 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.053
JunWei ZHAO, HaiHang SUN, HuiJing FANG, Lei TIAN, XiaoLi ZHENG, Heng WANG. Architecture Patterns and Characterization of Marine Sandy Beach-Bar Reservoirs: A case study of the Donghe sandstone in the Hudson oilfield[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (2) : 689 -706 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.053
塔里木盆地哈得逊油田自1998年在哈得4号构造带上获得高产油气流以来(徐汉林等,2008申银民等,2011),经过多年注水开发,综合含水率已超80%,油藏内部剩余油呈局部富集状态且分布复杂(赵俊威等,20162018余义常等,2018)。储层构型是控制油藏剩余油分布的因素之一,内部构型单元的渗流差异及渗流屏障影响了油藏内流体的运动,对储层构型的精细表征尤为重要(赵晓明等,2023何维领等,2024商建霞等,2025)。近年来,对河流相、三角洲相及湖泊滩坝相储层构型进行了较多研究,研究对象集中在地下储层、野外露头及现代沉积,建立了不同类型的储层构型模式及相应的表征方法(吴胜和和李宇鹏,2007刘钰铭等,2009于兴河,2012;林煜等,2013;孙天建等,2014闫百泉等,2014付晶等,2015牛博等,2015徐丽强等,2016陈东阳等,2019周淋等,2019袁丙龙等,2021)。海相砂质滩坝与湖相滩坝的发育过程较为相似,前人对湖相滩坝沉积序列、平面分布、成因机制及坝体内部结构进行了深入分析,总结了坝体内部增生体及落淤层分布模式(朱筱敏等,1994马立祥等,2009杨勇强等,2011纪友亮等,2013姜在兴等,2015刘强虎等,2015罗碧华等,2019张自力等,2022)。但海相砂质滩坝在波浪及岸线特征、海平面变化频率、岸坡结构等方面与湖相滩坝存在一定差异,在海岸带可发育近岸螺旋流、沿岸流、裂流、海底回流等多类型的水动力(Heward,1981Komar,1998Clifton,2006Peterson et al.,2010Price and Ruessink,2011李君等,2016孟凡昌和李本霞,2017),造成坝砂间的规模、形态、沉积构型特征存在区别,在滩坝储层内部形成夹层及优势渗流通道。因此,海相滩坝储层构型的表征较为重要,目前对海相滩坝储层构型的分布模式研究不足,对储层内部构型特征认识不清,制约了油藏剩余油的挖潜。
本文以哈得逊油田东河砂岩为例,依据野外露头、卫星照片及沉积数值模拟等多种技术手段,探讨了海相砂质滩坝储层的构型模式,总结了坝体内部夹层发育特征。在构型模式指导下,对东河砂岩储层进行了构型精细表征,在单一坝体边界识别的基础上,推测了研究区发育的坝体类型及规模,并通过连井剖面对坝体内部夹层进行解剖,分析了研究区滩坝储层构型特征,建立相应的滩坝储层内部构型模式。
哈得逊油田位于塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷的哈得逊构造带,与塔北隆起的轮南低凸起相接(图1a)。哈得逊构造带是在鼻状隆起背景下形成的低幅背斜构造带(图1b),主要发育于海西期,构造定形于喜山期,构造格局为典型的凹中之隆,具有较有利的油气地质条件(周新源等,2007)。哈得逊油田主力含油层系为石炭系东河砂岩段,储层岩性以灰色、灰白色中细粒石英砂岩为主(图1c),石英含量较高,介于60%~85%,储层物性较好,平均孔隙度为14.9%,平均渗透率为257.70×10-3 μm2。哈得逊东河砂岩段为典型的砂质滨岸沉积,滨岸砂质沉积物沿着低幅度隆起上超变薄,主要发育砂质滩坝沉积。受滩坝物性差异及坝砂内部构型特征影响,滩坝储层内部发育渗流遮挡界面及渗流优势通道,影响了油藏的有效开发。哈得逊油田在1998年于哈得4号构造带获得突破,目前油藏综合含水率已超80%,油藏进入中高含水、注水效率较低的阶段。受滩坝储层复杂构型特征及开发工程因素的影响,油藏开发效果逐渐变差。
浪控滨岸环境发育海岸沙丘、后滨、前滨及临滨亚相,以临滨亚相分布最广,本文重点讨论临滨滩坝沉积构型模式,以野外露头、现代沉积及沉积数值模拟结果为依据,总结了多因素控制下的滩坝沉积构型分布模式。
以Maill(1985)、吴胜和等(2013)对碎屑岩沉积构型级次划分体系为基础,对滩坝构型级次进行划分,重点讨论了3~5级构型要素及特征。5级构型单元定义为5级构型界面限定的小层或单砂体内发育的复合滩坝砂体(图2a),其中滩砂厚度较薄,呈大面积席状分布,沉积物粒度较细,以粉砂岩、细砂岩为主;坝砂整体粒度较粗,以中砂岩、细砂岩为主,复合坝砂分布较为复杂。4级构型单元以4级构型界面限定的单一坝砂及单一滩砂为主(图2a),在复合坝砂内部发育多个单一坝砂,单一坝砂的发育模式、形态受多种因素影响,划分复合坝砂体内部的多个单一坝砂是滩坝储层表征的重点。单一坝砂内部发育增生面,发育的增生面代表了3级构型界面,增生面限定的3级构型单元为增生体(图2b,c),增生体间发育连续程度较低的非渗透性遮挡层,增生体的形成与坝体形成过程中的水动力变化有关。
复合滩坝沉积以复合滩砂的大面积分布为典型特征,由多个单一坝砂构成的复合坝砂分布于滩砂之中,复合坝砂的分布形态较复杂,受单一坝砂分布形态的控制。5级界面限定的复合滩坝砂体呈连片状分布,复合砂体厚度大,分布范围广,不同时期的复合滩坝体整体上表现出进积或退积特征,处于海侵期或高位域期的复合滩坝体呈现退积的特征,垂向上发育后滨—前滨—临滨复合滩坝体的退积型垂向序列;海平面由高位下降时,垂向上发育临滨复合滩坝体—前滨—后滨的进积型垂向序列。
Delft3D以浅水假设和Boussinesq假设下的不可压缩流体的Navier-Stokes方程为基础,结合物质平衡方程,可有效模拟沉积构型尺度下沉积物的搬运、沉积和侵蚀过程(Edmonds and Slingerland,2010)。本文主要使用了FLOW及WAVE子模型,通过FLOW及WAVE模块的在线耦合,完成近海岸地区的复杂水动力及沉积过程模拟,对影响坝体发育的主要参数进行了合理设定。主要参数包括岸线形态及波浪方向、波浪高度及海岸坡度、沉积物供给及其他模拟过程参数。依据现代滨岸环境中岸线形态,设定了弯曲型海岸线及肩胛状岸线形态。据Friedman and Sanders(1978)所提出的波浪传播方向与海岸线关系,将本次模拟中波浪传播方向分为垂直岸线、小角度斜交岸线及大角度斜交岸线。石炭纪早期哈得逊地区为典型半湿润—湿润气候,与山东半岛地区较相似,山东半岛莱州湾平均波高0.8~1.7 m,据此设定模拟波高为0.8 m、1.7 m,分别代表小波浪与大波浪条件,水体含砂量变化范围为0.1~0.01 kg/m3。在东河砂岩沉积期,哈得逊地区为典型缓坡型滨岸,结合现代滨海区海岸坡降实际分布特征,设定了两类模拟坡降值,模拟坡降分别为1∶1 000、1∶200。其他模拟参数如下,模拟区域大小为16 km×5 km,模拟平均网格大小为20 m×20 m,模拟时间步长为0.2 s,砂/泥比为10∶1。
根据模拟结果及卫星照片所反映的现代沉积分析,建立了多因素控制下的单一坝体平面形态分布模式(图3),坝体构型单元的平面形态可分为弯月坝(图4a,c)、锥形坝(图4b,d)、砂咀坝(图4e,g)、正向线性坝(图4f,h)、斜交坝(图4b,g)等类型。不同类型的坝体平面形态主要受控于海岸线形态与波浪方向及强度的相互作用,海岸线形态影响了坝体的发育过程及沉积构型,海岸地质构造特征决定了海岸线的原始形态。在后期的近岸波浪的作用下,近岸泥沙运动把海岸改造成各种形态。正向线性坝可发育于波曲型海岸、近平直型海岸,当波浪方向垂直于海岸或以中小角度斜交海岸入射时,可形成平行岸线的线性坝。不同的波浪强度控制了线性坝发育过程,线性坝的演化过程分为锥形坝—弯月坝—线性坝阶段。如在物源供给不充分的条件下,坝体最终形态可发育为锥形坝、弯月坝。斜交坝同样发育在各类海岸中,当波浪方向以大角度斜交海岸传播时,可形成大型的沿岸流。沿岸流往往与岸线呈一定角度,可形成斜交岸线的坝体。砂咀坝一般发育在肩岬状海岸处,当波浪以垂直于海岸方向或小角度斜交入射时,可形成近垂直于岸线的纵向砂咀坝;而当波浪以大角度斜交入射时,可形成斜交岸线的斜向砂咀坝,砂咀坝通常发育在海岸肩岬处,垂直或斜交于岸线向海方向延伸。向海方向的延伸距离与波浪大小有关,在小波浪作用下,砂咀的延伸距离有限,大波浪作用下的砂咀延伸距离较远(胡晨林等,2015邱隆伟等,2022)。
依据短期内海平面变化与物源供给的关系,在野外露头解剖及Heward(1981)对坝砂叠置关系分析的基础上,确定了单一坝体间的空间分布模式与组合关系。单一临滨坝间的组合关系可分为进积型、退积型及孤立型。选取了位于新疆巴楚县的小海子露头为野外研究区,小海子露头的研究开始于20世纪60年代(廖卫华,1995),是研究东河砂岩的典型露头。其沉积特征与哈得逊东河砂岩较相似,砂坝定量规模较接近(李维禄,2016),可较好地代表哈得逊东河砂岩地下储层特征。在沉积物供给较充足时,单一临滨坝之间表现为进积型关系,后期形成的临滨坝向海方向迁移,单一坝体间的叠置关系可分为侧向进积叠加型与侧向进积分隔型。海平面相对下降的速率、波浪大小及海岸坡度决定了单一临滨坝间的进积关系。当海平面缓慢下降,或波浪强度较小、海岸坡度较陡时,晚期形成的临滨坝体可侧向叠加在早期坝体之上,坝体间形成侧向进积叠加型关系(图5a~c、图6a,b)。形成的复合坝体垂向厚度较大,平面分布范围较广,早期形成的坝体可能在近岸处暴露,受到风力侵蚀等改造作用。当海平面快速下降,或波浪较强、海岸坡度较缓时,不同期次的坝体间可发育滩砂沉积,单一坝体之间存在一定距离,坝体间不存在直接的叠置关系,形成侧向进积分隔型关系(图6c),形成的坝体厚度较薄。
在海平面相对上升时,单一坝体之间表现为退积型关系,单一坝体间的叠置关系可分为侧向退积叠加型与侧向退积分隔型。坝体间的退积关系主要受控于海平面相对上升的速率。当海平面缓慢上升时,晚期形成的单一坝体侧向叠加在早期坝体之上,呈向岸推进的特征,早期形成的坝体可受到后期波浪的改造作用,最终形成侧向退积叠加型关系(图6d),复合坝体垂向厚度较大、分布范围广。当海平面快速上升时,不同期次的单一坝体间发育滩砂或临滨凹槽泥质沉积,坝体间相互不接触,形成侧向退积分隔型关系(图6e,f)。孤立型坝体分布模式主要发育在坝体不太发育的临滨区,所形成的单一临滨坝体数量较少,主要发育大面积的滩砂沉积。单一坝体呈孤立式分布在临滨滩内部,在波浪动力较弱的低能海岸或海岸坡度较陡时,波浪作用较弱,或滨岸砂体大部分位于浪基面以下,限制了坝体的发育,所形成的坝体呈孤立型分布特征。
临滨坝形成于一定的波浪条件下,在坝体形成之后会处于不稳定的状态,由于向岸流与离岸流的交互作用,临滨坝的位置发生持续变化,最终达到稳定的状态。从迁移过程而言,临滨坝的位置变化类型可分为向岸迁移与离岸迁移;从迁移结果而言,坝体总体上表现为在波浪作用下向岸迁移。在向岸流的水动力较强条件下,坝体缓慢向岸迁移,位于坝体后方的沉积物在波浪作用下在坝前发生沉积。在坝体迁移过程中,波浪能量及相对海平面会发生变化,在波浪能量较弱或海平面相对上升期间,水动力会变弱,可在早期形成的增生体顶部或侧翼形成细粒的泥质沉积,形成坝体内部夹层(图78)。
不同构型模式的坝体内部增生体及夹层发育特征存在区别,本文讨论了锥形坝、弯月坝及正向线性坝的内部构型特征。在锥形坝或弯月坝发育时期,坝体沉积过程表现为顶积式,在坝体内部发育顶积式增生体(图7a)。增生体间可能发育局部分布的泥质夹层,坝体通过顶积式沉积过程不断增厚,不同锥形坝或弯月坝间可发育凹槽沉积。在凹槽部位水体较深,沉积作用相对较弱,细粒泥质或粉砂质沉积物易在凹槽部位发生沉积。多个锥形坝、弯月坝在晚期逐渐发育为正向线性坝,坝体分布面积变大,此时坝体沉积过程由顶积式过渡为侧积式,在坝体内部发育侧积式增生体(图8a)。凹槽部位在后期水体变浅,不断被填充直至消失,可发育砂质沉积。
对新疆小海子东河砂岩露头的解剖结果表明,露头内部夹层岩性以泥质及粉砂质夹层为主,夹层发育在内部增生体之间,夹层厚5~15 cm,横向连续性好—中等,与坝体展布形态存在关系。坝体内部发育多期增生体,增生体间相互叠置,其叠置关系受到坝体发育过程影响,露头中可观测到顶积式增生体与侧积式增生体(图7b、图8b)。不同期次的增生体分布范围存在差异,在坝体最底部的增生体为最早形成,分布范围最小。随着坝体的生长,坝体最外部的增生体分布范围最大,后期增生体以顶部覆盖及侧翼覆盖的方式堆积在先期增生体之上,形成顶积—侧积堆积样式(图9a~c)。
海岸水动力类型较多,底流、沿岸流、环流构成了近岸复杂的水动力系统,复杂水动力系统下形成了不同沉积构型模式的临滨坝。因此,在地下临滨坝储层构型表征中,确定地下临滨坝储层沉积构型模式较为关键,在分析古海岸线形态、古波浪特征、古海岸坡度等条件下,可进行有效的坝体模式指导下的构型解剖,尽可能准确地表征地下坝体的分布形态及坝体之间的组合关系。
地下储层坝体发育类型与古海岸线形态、古波浪特征及古海岸坡度密切相关,在不同形态的海岸线与不同方向的波浪影响下,可形成不同类型的坝体。古海岸线为海平面与陆地的交汇线,为海岸与滨岸沉积的分界线,相较于湖平面而言,短期内海平面相对稳定,受气候影响较小,通常以平均海平面与海岸的交界线来定义海岸线,可从岩性、古生物、沉积构造、地球化学特征及地震资料特征来进行识别(姜在兴和刘晖,2010张辉等,2015王秀娟等,2022)。哈得逊油田东河砂岩是在海平面上升背景下形成的海侵沉积,滨岸砂体覆盖在下伏地层之上,下伏地层在隆起背景下被部分剥蚀,岩性以褐色细砂岩、褐色泥质粉砂岩为主,与东河砂岩的灰白色细砂岩存在显著差异,滨岸沉积构造以低角度交错层理、冲洗交错层理及波状层理为主。古海岸线在地震剖面上显示为同相轴的上超尖灭及终止,利用同相轴的上超尖灭点或砂体尖灭线可推测古海岸线。东河砂岩早期沉积时的海岸线形态为一大型弯曲状—肩岬状海岸线(凌东明,2008),研究区中部发育肩岬状古海岸线(图10a),肩岬状古海岸线条件下易形成斜交状砂坝,两侧发育弯曲状海岸线,发育在平缓的古凸起侧翼,弯曲状海岸线条件下易形成弯月坝及正向线性坝。在砂体向岸退积的过程中,在古凸起控制下的海岸线不断迁移。
古波浪大小及方向影响坝体的类型,古波浪场的形成与古风力场密切相关(王俊辉等,2021),波浪在向岸传播过程中,波浪的传播方向影响了坝体发育的形态。由沉积模拟结果可知,在不考虑岸线形态条件下,波浪在垂直岸线或中小角度斜交岸线条件下进行传播时,所形成的砂坝形态较相似,而波浪方向较多情况下是垂直岸线或中小角度斜交岸线,因此古海岸线形态对坝体发育影响较大。波浪的强度影响了临滨坝的位置及规模,古波浪的大小较难准确恢复,可在坝体边界识别与表征中依据坝体分布形态及钻井资料,对坝体进行平面组合,根据组合结果推测其发育规模及位置。海底岸坡的形成受构造、沉积作用控制,研究区东河砂岩位于轮南低凸起的侧翼,古凸起幅度较小,发育相对平缓的古地貌,且侧翼坡度较缓,形成缓坡型古海岸(图10a,b)。相对较平缓的古海岸有利于滨岸沉积物与坝砂的发育与保存,使坝体广泛发育于古凸起边缘的斜坡区域。
以上分析表明,哈得逊地区古海岸类型以弯曲状—肩岬状为主,海岸坡度较缓,属于缓坡型海岸,较易发育临滨坝沉积。研究区易发育弯月坝、正向线性坝及非线性斜交坝,弯月坝及线性坝的发育与弯曲状海岸线相关。当坝体发育不充分时,形成系列弯月坝;当坝体发育较为成熟时,形成大规模的线性坝,非线性斜交坝的发育与肩岬状海岸线相关。
为了对平面上的同一小层内的单一坝体进行划分,需在地质模式、生产动态资料的指导下,建立单一坝体的识别标志,对平面上的单一坝体进行侧向划界,主要建立了如下几种识别标志。
1) 坝间滩砂的发育
在滩坝沉积复合体内,滩砂大面积发育在坝砂周围,滩砂将平面上不同的单一坝体分隔,在剖面上呈现坝砂—滩砂—坝砂的成因关系(图1112),厚度上呈现“厚—薄—厚”的变化特征。如HD4-44-1井在C3小层发育坝砂,HD4-44井、HD4-44-2J井及HD4-23井在C3小层发育滩砂,滩砂厚度变薄,在测井曲线上差异较明显(图11)。因此,可利用坝砂间发育的滩砂识别平面上不同期次坝体的边界。
2) 坝间细粒沉积的发育
在线性坝体之间,由于波浪或局部微古地貌的影响,会形成局部凹槽沉积,在水体能量较弱的条件下,可能发育粉砂质及泥质沉积。当坝体发育不成熟时,在小型弯月坝间发育小型凹槽,也可能发育部分细粒沉积物。如C4小层在HD4-60井发育坝砂,HD4-44-1井发育泥质沉积,HD4-44井发育坝砂,据此可判断HD4-60井与HD4-44井分别发育两期砂坝(图11)。因此,在钻遇泥质或粉砂质沉积时,可作为判断单一坝体的边界标志。
3) 相对明显的高程差异
在缓坡型海岸内,相近时间内形成的坝体发育在同一海岸坡面上,海拔高程差异较小,且钻井过程中不同井深度系统存在较小的随机差异。当高程差异较小时,难以应用高程差异来对此类坝体进行边界识别。但在同一小层内部,如后期沉积物堆积造成海岸坡度发生显著变化,同一小层内相对不同时期形成的坝体存在较明显的高程差异,此时可利用相邻坝体的显著高程差异进行坝体边界识别。如HD4-44-2J井与HD4-23井在C2小层存在较明显的高程差异,可作为坝体边界的识别标志(图11)。
4) 坝体规模差异
在单一坝体内部,坝体形成的沉积水动力环境、波浪强度都较相似,如平面相邻两期坝体厚度存在显著差异,可利用此标志判断单一坝体边界,测井曲线形态也会呈明显差异,如在HD-44-1井与HD-44井、HD4-44-2J井与HD4-23井间存在较典型的坝体规模差异(图11)。但临滨坝体自身为非对称性结构,两侧非对称性变薄,近海侧厚度变化较快,近岸侧厚度变化较缓,在利用坝体厚度差异进行边界识别时,应充分考虑坝体发育模式进行合理划分,避免将同一坝体边部变薄部分划分为不同期次坝体。
5) 动态资料识别
动态资料包括生产曲线、示踪剂等,可利用动态资料进行单一坝体边界识别。当不同方向的示踪剂收效结果存在明显差异时,再结合实际地质情况,可判断两口井间发育单一坝体边界。但单一坝体内部可能发育非渗透性泥质夹层,可能对示踪剂造成影响,在边界识别时应综合考虑坝体的定量规模进行判断。
1) 单一坝体划分及特征
依据坝体分布模式及单一坝体识别标志,对研究区C1小层进行单一坝体识别。C1小层表现为海退背景下的进积沉积,依据古海岸线分布的初始形态,可推测海岸线以弯曲状—肩岬状形态向南迁移(图13a),海岸线迁移特征决定了不同期次坝体相互叠置关系。C1小层内坝体较发育,共识别出坝体13期(图13b)。根据单一坝体平面组合结果,研究区主要发育大型线性坝、小型弯月坝及非线性斜交坝,大型线性坝、小型弯月坝沿弯曲状岸线发育。单期弯月坝厚2~3 m,垂向上呈均质韵律特征,以细砂岩为主,自然伽马(GR)曲线形态呈钟形。线性坝或斜交坝厚3~5 m,垂向上呈反韵律或均质韵律特征,以细—粉砂岩为主,GR曲线形态呈箱形、漏斗形。其中1、3、4号坝体为典型大型线性坝,5、6、7、8、9号坝体为小型弯月坝,2号非线性斜交坝发育在肩岬状海岸处,10、11、12、13号坝体在工区内发育不完整。
对不同类型坝体定量特征进行分析,不同坝体间定量规模存在差异。大型线性坝发育离当期海岸线间距约1 km,工区内完整坝体延伸长度大于6 km,坝体宽0.5~1.0 km,坝体厚3~5 m。在相对缓坡背景下线性坝的宽度与厚度间存在一定相关关系,线性坝的长度与厚度、宽度关系不大,受控于岸线展布及坝体发育程度。小型弯月坝为线性坝发育早期沉积产物,弯月坝体延伸长度1.5~3.0 km,坝体宽0.5~1.0 km,坝体厚2~3 m,规模相对较小,为大型线性坝发育的不完整产物。斜交坝的分布与海岸线斜交,延伸长度4.5~5.0 km,坝体宽0.5~1.0 km,坝体厚3~5 m。
2) 坝体分布模式
在对单一坝体进行划分的基础上,总结了坝体间的分布模式。在岸线总体向南迁移的条件下,坝体间呈进积式关系,岸线迁移的速率决定了坝体间的进积关系。岸线迁移速率较快时,坝体间呈侧向进积分隔型关系;岸线迁移速率较慢时,坝体间呈侧向进积叠加型关系。C1小层坝体间发育侧向进积叠加型及侧向进积分隔型关系,如10号坝体与12号坝体在侧向上呈进积叠加关系,3号坝体与5号坝体在侧向上呈进积分隔式关系,坝体间发育滩砂沉积。
坝体在形成过程中,在早期形成的增生体顶部及侧翼会发育细粒沉积,形成坝体内部夹层,坝内夹层所对应的界面为3级构型界面。对研究区夹层进行了分析,坝内夹层厚度介于0.1~0.3 m,其中厚度小于0.2 m的坝内夹层占夹层总数约70%,夹层分布频率约0.433 个/m(图14a),主要发育泥质、钙质及钙泥质夹层(图14b~e),测井响应特征较明显,表现为自然伽马高值、电阻率及声波时差低值。
在内部构型模式的指导下,对坝内夹层进行了表征,由坝体内部夹层分布剖面图可知(图12),夹层倾角分布为0.2°~10°,倾角分布主区间为2°~7°。C2小层的16号坝体夹层产状呈典型的两段式分布特征,HD4-9-2井在C2小层的增生体及侧积夹层呈近水平状分布,为顶积式沉积作用形成,夹层倾角介于1°~3°,共发育4期顶积式夹层;HD4-9井、HD4-94井及HD4-9-3井在C2小层的增生体及侧积夹层呈低角度倾斜分布,共发育3期侧积式夹层,夹层倾角介于3°~7°,坝体内部单一增生体厚0.3~0.8 m,随着侧积作用的进行,增生体平面规模变大。C5小层的19号坝体也呈典型的两段式分布特征,在HD4-9-2井中发育顶积式增生体及侧积夹层,在HD4-9、HD4-94及HD4-9-3井中发育侧积式增生体及侧积夹层。弯月坝内部夹层呈顶积式分布,呈近水平状分布,单一增生体厚0.3~0.8 m,夹层倾角介于1°~3°,弯月坝间可发育坝间凹槽夹层,在平面上呈间隔式分布(图11)。
通过沉积模拟结果、露头剖面及地下井区构型解剖,总结了哈得逊油田东河砂岩砂质坝体内部构型模式(图15)。线性坝为发育较成熟的坝体,坝内上部夹层呈“顶平侧倾”分布模式,向岸侧夹层呈小角度倾斜,坝体内部发育多期增生体,不同增生体间以顶积—侧积堆积样式为主(图12)。增生体间的分布规模存在差异,晚期形成的增生体覆盖在早期增生体的顶部及侧部,形成顶积—侧积堆积样式。弯月坝间的夹层呈“顶积式”及“间隔式”分布模式,“间隔式”分布模式在剖面上呈底部窄、顶部宽的凹槽状特征,在剖面上呈弯月坝—凹槽夹层—弯月坝的内部构型叠置特征,“顶积式”分布模式中夹层在剖面上呈顶积堆积样式(图12)。坝体内部构型模式受波浪强度、岸线形态及海岸线变迁、物源等多因素控制,不同沉积构型的坝体内部夹层发育模式可能存在差异。
(1) 依据野外露头、卫星照片及数值模拟等多种技术手段,初步探讨了海相砂质滩坝储层的构型模式。复合滩坝内部的单一坝体形态受岸线形态、海岸坡度、波浪方向及波浪高度等多种因素影响,可形成锥形坝、弯月坝、正向线性坝、斜交坝等多种类型,坝体间叠置关系可分为进积侧向叠加型、进积侧向分隔型、退积侧向叠加型、退积侧向分隔型、孤立型等五类样式,坝体内部夹层发育模式存在差异,呈“间隔式”“顶积式”或“顶积—侧积式”分布模式。需要指出的是,研究所讨论的为典型滩坝沉积,对于受控于三角洲改造而形成、保留了部分三角洲特征的滩坝沉积,其沉积构型特征可能存在一定差异。
(2) 以哈得逊东河砂岩为研究区,建立了模式约束下的滩坝储层内部构型表征方法。在C1小层共识别坝体13期,包括弯月坝5个、正向线性坝7个、斜交坝1个,坝体间定量规模存在差异,坝体间呈进积型侧向叠加或侧向分隔式关系。线性坝上部夹层产状呈两段式的分布特征,在增生体顶部呈近水平状,在增生体侧翼呈低角度倾斜,坝内夹层呈“顶积—侧积式”分布模式。弯月坝内部夹层呈“顶积式”分布,呈近水平状分布,弯月坝间可发育泥质凹槽成因的“间隔式”夹层。对哈得逊东河砂岩滩坝储层的构型精细表征,可为剩余油的有效挖潜提供地质依据。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(41902155)
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2026年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.053
  • 接收时间:2023-12-05
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
  • 修回日期:2024-04-09
  • 录用日期:2024-05-11
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National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902155)
国家自然科学基金项目(41902155)
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    1.长江大学录井技术与工程研究院,湖北 荆州 434020
    2.中国石油塔里木油田分公司油气开发部,新疆 库尔勒 841000
    3.安徽省煤田地质局勘查研究院,合肥 230088
    4.中国石油塔里木油田分公司油气田产能建设事业部,新疆 库尔勒 841000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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