Article(id=1307264809641202031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, issueId=1307264513963750099, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1703001600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-20, revisedDate=1706716800000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-01, acceptedDate=1710345600000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-14, onlineDate=1789605818424, onlineDateStr=2026-09-17, pubDate=1770652800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1789605818424, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1789605818424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1789605818424, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1307264513963750099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, year='2026', volume='44', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='404', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1770652800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1789605747929, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1789605747929, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=279, endPage=291, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1307264809821557104, articleId=1307264809641202031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=EN, title=Fine Characterization of Braided River Reservoir Architecture with Sparse Well Patterns Based on Intelligent Fusion of Multiple Seismic Attributes: A case study of the Guantao Formation from C⁃6 oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The C-6 oilfield is one of the main oilfields in the billion ton Caofeidian oilfield group of the Bohai Sea. Its main development layer is the Guantao Formation III oil formation (N1gIII), which is a set of sand rich braided river sediments. The connectivity of the internal reservoir is not yet clear, restricting the improvement of oilfield development efficiency. Methods The intelligent fusion technology of seismic attributes based on a deep feedforward neural network (DFNN) was used to finely characterize the spatial distribution of the fourth level configuration units in the braided river reservoir of the oilfield under the calibration of limited logging information. Results Based on log interpretation, N1gIII of the C-6 oilfield mainly contains two types of level-4 architectural units: channel bar and braided channel; braided bar is the best reservoir with high sandstone thickness and excellent physical properties. Based on seismic attribute extraction and correlation analysis with lithological and physical parameters, reflection intensity, relative impedance, sweet point, original amplitude, and envelop were chosen as intelligent fusion seismic attributes with the DFNN algorithm with porosity. The three-dimensional (3D) attribute of DFNN fusion, representative of lithology and petrophysical property, largely improves the detecting ability of the braided river sandstone unit and its boundary. A NE-SW braided flow zone was developed in N1gIII of the C-6 oilfield and could be internally sub-divided into 15 rhombic level-4 architectural units. Distributary channels, another level-4 architectural unit, surrounded the braided bar in a narrow strip. The level-4 architectural interface between the two units acted as seepage barriers for fluid migration. The braided bars cut and overlapped one another vertically, forming a “big bar and small channel” plan reservoir architectural pattern. Conclusions The fine characterization of reservoir architecture based on the intelligent fusion of seismic attributes deepens our understanding of the connectivity of braided river reservoirs controlled by sparse well networks, providing direct geological basis for the adjustment of the C-6 oilfield development plans, and has certain significance for the fine characterization of reservoir architecture in oil fields with the same sedimentary type under offshore sparse well network conditions..

, authors=ZhiJun YIN1, YanZe LI1, 2, JianMin ZHANG3, Zhang ZHANG3, DongMei HOU3, BingGe CHEN1, authorsList=ZhiJun YIN, YanZe LI, JianMin ZHANG, Zhang ZHANG, DongMei HOU, BingGe CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=YanZe LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI YanZe, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1307264813453824385, articleId=1307264809641202031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, language=CN, title=基于地震属性智能融合的稀井网辫状河储层构型精细表征——以渤海湾盆地 C⁃6 油田馆陶组为例, columnId=null, journalTitle=沉积学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 C-6油田是渤海海域亿吨级曹妃甸油田群主力油田之一,其主力开发层系馆陶组Ⅲ油组为一套富砂的辫状河沉积,内部储层连通性尚不明确,制约油田开发效果。 方法 采用基于深度前馈神经网络(Deep Feed-Forward Neural Network,DFNN)地震属性智能融合技术,在有限测井信息的标定下,对油田辫状河储层四级构型单元空间分布进行了精细表征。 结果 综合多井测井解释,C-6油田馆陶组Ⅲ油组主要发育心滩和辫状河道两种类型四级构型单元,其中心滩储层厚度大,物性较好,是研究区主要发育的储层构型单元。在地震属性提取与单井岩性和物性参数相关性分析的基础上,选取反射强度、相对阻抗、甜点、瞬时振幅、均方根振幅5种属性基于孔隙度监督的DFNN智能融合,大幅提高了辫状河储层砂体及其边界的探测能力。C-6油田馆陶组Ⅲ油组主体为北东—南西向辫流带,内部划分出呈菱形的15个心滩四级构型单元,分流河道四级构型单元呈窄条带状环绕在心滩周围,垂向上心滩互相切叠,形成“大心滩—小河道”的平面构型组合样式。 结论 基于地震属性智能融合的储层构型精细表征深化了稀井网控制的辫状河储层连通性认识,为C-6油田开发方案的调整提供了直接的地质依据,对海上稀井网条件下相同沉积类型油田的储层构型精细表征具有一定借鉴意义。

, authors=尹志军1, 李彦泽1, 2, 张建民3, 张章3, 侯东梅3, 陈冰歌1, authorsList=尹志军, 李彦泽, 张建民, 张章, 侯东梅, 陈冰歌, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李彦泽, authorNote=

尹志军,男,1971年出生,博士,副教授,油气田开发地质,E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
李彦泽,男,高级工程师,油气田开发地质,E-mail:
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(a) location of the Shaleitian uplift; (b) range of C-6 oil fields; (c) Neogene composite histogram of the Shaleitian uplift

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(a)沙垒田凸起构造位置;(b)C⁃6油田分布范围;(c)沙垒田凸起新近系综合柱状图

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(a) fusion attribute number and error cross plot; (b) synthetic histogram of neural network training results

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(a)融合属性数量与误差交会图;(b)神经网络训练结果综合柱状图

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(a) reflection intensity attribute; (b) relative wave impedance properties; (c) sweetness attribute; (d) DFNN fusion attribute body

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(a)反射强度属性;(b)相对波阻抗属性;(c)甜点属性;(d)DFNN融合属性体

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(a) DFNN fusion attribute slices of logging phase are overlaid; (b) four-level architecture plane distribution

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(a)叠置了测井相的DFNN融合属性切片; (b)四级构型平面分布

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(a) DFNN fusion attribute profile; (b) four-level architecture profile

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(a)DFNN融合属性剖面;(b)四级构型剖面

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Correlation coefficient between various seismic attributes and porosity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数反射强度相对阻抗甜点瞬时振幅均方根振幅主频孔隙度
反射强度1.00
相对阻抗0.631.00
甜点0.650.731.00
瞬时振幅0.700.660.711.00
均方根振幅0.580.710.550.631.00
主频0.470.570.530.550.501.00
孔隙度0.680.660.610.600.550.511.00
), ArticleFig(id=1307264818906419653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849983571558468, articleId=1307264809641202031, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地震属性及其与孔隙度互相关系分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数反射强度相对阻抗甜点瞬时振幅均方根振幅主频孔隙度
反射强度1.00
相对阻抗0.631.00
甜点0.650.731.00
瞬时振幅0.700.660.711.00
均方根振幅0.580.710.550.631.00
主频0.470.570.530.550.501.00
孔隙度0.680.660.610.600.550.511.00
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基于地震属性智能融合的稀井网辫状河储层构型精细表征——以渤海湾盆地 C⁃6 油田馆陶组为例
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尹志军 1 , 李彦泽 1, 2 , 张建民 3 , 张章 3 , 侯东梅 3 , 陈冰歌 1
沉积学报 | 2026,44(1): 279-291
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沉积学报 | 2026 , 44 (1) : 279 -291
基于地震属性智能融合的稀井网辫状河储层构型精细表征——以渤海湾盆地 C⁃6 油田馆陶组为例
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尹志军1 , 李彦泽1, 2 , 张建民3, 张章3, 侯东梅3, 陈冰歌1
作者信息
  • 1.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
  • 2.中国石油冀东油田,河北 唐山 063000
  • 3.中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459
通讯作者:
李彦泽,男,高级工程师,油气田开发地质,E-mail:
作者简介:

尹志军,男,1971年出生,博士,副教授,油气田开发地质,E-mail:

Fine Characterization of Braided River Reservoir Architecture with Sparse Well Patterns Based on Intelligent Fusion of Multiple Seismic Attributes: A case study of the Guantao Formation from C⁃6 oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin
ZhiJun YIN1 , YanZe LI1, 2 , JianMin ZHANG3, Zhang ZHANG3, DongMei HOU3, BingGe CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2.Jidong Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Tangshan, Heibei 063000, China
  • 3.Tianjin Branch, CNOOC China Limited, Tianjin 300459, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI YanZe, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-02-10 doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.022
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目的 C-6油田是渤海海域亿吨级曹妃甸油田群主力油田之一,其主力开发层系馆陶组Ⅲ油组为一套富砂的辫状河沉积,内部储层连通性尚不明确,制约油田开发效果。 方法 采用基于深度前馈神经网络(Deep Feed-Forward Neural Network,DFNN)地震属性智能融合技术,在有限测井信息的标定下,对油田辫状河储层四级构型单元空间分布进行了精细表征。 结果 综合多井测井解释,C-6油田馆陶组Ⅲ油组主要发育心滩和辫状河道两种类型四级构型单元,其中心滩储层厚度大,物性较好,是研究区主要发育的储层构型单元。在地震属性提取与单井岩性和物性参数相关性分析的基础上,选取反射强度、相对阻抗、甜点、瞬时振幅、均方根振幅5种属性基于孔隙度监督的DFNN智能融合,大幅提高了辫状河储层砂体及其边界的探测能力。C-6油田馆陶组Ⅲ油组主体为北东—南西向辫流带,内部划分出呈菱形的15个心滩四级构型单元,分流河道四级构型单元呈窄条带状环绕在心滩周围,垂向上心滩互相切叠,形成“大心滩—小河道”的平面构型组合样式。 结论 基于地震属性智能融合的储层构型精细表征深化了稀井网控制的辫状河储层连通性认识,为C-6油田开发方案的调整提供了直接的地质依据,对海上稀井网条件下相同沉积类型油田的储层构型精细表征具有一定借鉴意义。

辫状河  /  储层构型  /  深度前馈神经网络  /  馆陶组  /  渤海湾盆地

Objective The C-6 oilfield is one of the main oilfields in the billion ton Caofeidian oilfield group of the Bohai Sea. Its main development layer is the Guantao Formation III oil formation (N1gIII), which is a set of sand rich braided river sediments. The connectivity of the internal reservoir is not yet clear, restricting the improvement of oilfield development efficiency. Methods The intelligent fusion technology of seismic attributes based on a deep feedforward neural network (DFNN) was used to finely characterize the spatial distribution of the fourth level configuration units in the braided river reservoir of the oilfield under the calibration of limited logging information. Results Based on log interpretation, N1gIII of the C-6 oilfield mainly contains two types of level-4 architectural units: channel bar and braided channel; braided bar is the best reservoir with high sandstone thickness and excellent physical properties. Based on seismic attribute extraction and correlation analysis with lithological and physical parameters, reflection intensity, relative impedance, sweet point, original amplitude, and envelop were chosen as intelligent fusion seismic attributes with the DFNN algorithm with porosity. The three-dimensional (3D) attribute of DFNN fusion, representative of lithology and petrophysical property, largely improves the detecting ability of the braided river sandstone unit and its boundary. A NE-SW braided flow zone was developed in N1gIII of the C-6 oilfield and could be internally sub-divided into 15 rhombic level-4 architectural units. Distributary channels, another level-4 architectural unit, surrounded the braided bar in a narrow strip. The level-4 architectural interface between the two units acted as seepage barriers for fluid migration. The braided bars cut and overlapped one another vertically, forming a “big bar and small channel” plan reservoir architectural pattern. Conclusions The fine characterization of reservoir architecture based on the intelligent fusion of seismic attributes deepens our understanding of the connectivity of braided river reservoirs controlled by sparse well networks, providing direct geological basis for the adjustment of the C-6 oilfield development plans, and has certain significance for the fine characterization of reservoir architecture in oil fields with the same sedimentary type under offshore sparse well network conditions..

braided river  /  reservoir architecture  /  deep feedforward neural network (DFNN)  /  Guantao Formation  /  Bohai Bay Basin
尹志军, 李彦泽, 张建民, 张章, 侯东梅, 陈冰歌. 基于地震属性智能融合的稀井网辫状河储层构型精细表征——以渤海湾盆地 C⁃6 油田馆陶组为例. 沉积学报, 2026 , 44 (1) : 279 -291 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.022
ZhiJun YIN, YanZe LI, JianMin ZHANG, Zhang ZHANG, DongMei HOU, BingGe CHEN. Fine Characterization of Braided River Reservoir Architecture with Sparse Well Patterns Based on Intelligent Fusion of Multiple Seismic Attributes: A case study of the Guantao Formation from C⁃6 oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2026 , 44 (1) : 279 -291 . DOI: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.022
C-6油田是渤海海域亿吨级曹妃甸油田群主力油田之一,其主力开发层系馆陶组Ⅲ油组为一套富砂的辫状河沉积,辫状河储砂体结构及其连通性是影响油田开发效果的最关键的地质因素(党胜国等,2015;徐中波等,2016)。辫状河由于河道的频繁迁移,多期河道的垂相叠置,往往形成巨厚的带状复合砂体,河床内部辫状水道与心滩砂体的结构异常复杂(乔雨朋等,2017吴小军等,2020李伟等,2023),基于单一成因的四级构型单元的储层精细表征面临的挑战也远大于曲流河(Chen et al.,2023)。长期以来,通过典型露头实地勘测(Guo et al.,2022)、密井网精细解剖(卢志远等,2021)、水槽模拟实验(Li et al.,2023)等方法开展了辫状河储层构型的精细表征,取得了大量的研究成果。但是,对于稀井网的海上油田,受限于资料条件,上述方法难以适用,依据地震信息实现辫状河储层构型的精细解剖无疑是最重要也是最现实的技术手段。近年来,许多专家尝试应用单一地震属性分析(李冰等,2019)和地震反演技术(刘宗宾等,2022)进行辫状河砂体的精细表征和隔夹层的识别,取得了一定的效果,但难以实现油藏范围内单砂体级别储层构型单元的精细刻画。以渤海海域C-6油田馆陶组辫状河含油层系为例,在有限单井测井资料精细划分不同级次构型单元的基础上,通过提取和优选能够反映储层岩相的多种地震属性,以反映岩相的孔隙度曲线为目标函数,应用深度前馈神经网(Deep Feed-Forward Neural Network,DFNN)机器学习算法进行多属性非线性智能融合,大幅提高了地震属性对于辫状河储层四级构型单元边界的探测能力。在辫状河储层构型模式的指导下,实现了油田主力小层基于四级构型单元的储层精细表征,为油田开发方案的优化调整、助力油田稳油控水目标的达成提供了直接的地质依据,同时也为海上稀井网辫状河储层构型的精细表征进行了思路和方法上的有益探索。
C-6油田位于渤海湾盆地埕宁隆起沙垒田凸起东部,为发育于沙垒田凸起背景上的披覆背斜构造,闭合幅度低,四周被歧口、沙南、渤中和南堡等生油凹陷环绕(图1a),具备优越的油气成藏条件(石文龙等,2013),C-6油田含油气范围呈北东—南西向展布(图1b)。沙垒田凸起主体披覆沉积了新近系地层,自上而下为明化镇组上段、明化镇组下段和馆陶组,在凸起边缘超覆沉积了一定范围的古近系东营组(刘强虎等,2016)(图1c)。C-6油田主要含油层段为明化镇组和馆陶组河流相沉积,其中馆陶组Ⅲ油组发育近100 m厚的辫状河砂体,横向分布稳定,连片性好,储层平均孔隙度28%,平均渗透率470×10-3 μm2,属于高孔中高渗储层,钻井揭示平均油层厚度20 m,为块状强底水油藏。C-6油田是渤海海域首次全部采用水平井开发且以单个油藏作为开发层系的油田,2004年投产,经过近20年的开发,目前已进入高含水、高采出程度阶段,面临着水淹程度加剧、产量递减快、剩余油预测难度大等一系列问题(黄晓东等,2015;徐中波等,2016)。为此,亟需开展以储层砂体连通性为目标的储层构型精细表征,为油田稳油控水措施的制定及调整井的部署提供直接的地质依据。
目前钻遇馆陶组Ⅲ油组各类井34口,含水平井12口,各井具有完善的测井系列资料,包含自然伽马、电阻率、声波、中子、密度等常规测井项目,高分辨三维地震资料覆盖整个研究区,信噪比0.96,面元25 m×12.5 m,采样间隔2 ms,频宽10~100 Hz,主频55 Hz,以3 000 m/s的速度计算,纵向分辨率大约为13 m,为开展油田储层构型精细表征提供了坚实的资料基础。馆陶组Ⅲ油组2小层厚约8~15 m,为该油田主要开发层位,开发井占到整个油田的60%以上,本次研究重点针对馆陶组Ⅲ油组2小层进行储层构型解剖。
C-6油田馆陶组III油组为一套近源富砂辫状河沉积,发育心滩、辫状河道、天然堤、决口扇和泛滥平原等沉积微相。根据Miall(1985)提出的河流—三角洲相构型级次划分方案,油藏地质级别的储层构型单元为五级、四级和三级构型单元。综合岩心观察和测井响应,可以实现不同级次构型单元的准确识别。如图2所示为C1井馆陶组III油组辫状河储层不同级次构型单元划分结果。
五级构型单元为河道充填沉积,即河床内部心滩与河床滞留砂体叠置而成的泛连通复合砂体,其底界为河床冲刷面,顶界面为泛滥泥岩沉积或被晚期河道切叠(吴胜和等,2013)。以C1井馆陶组上段为例,1 454~1 483 m发育一套五级构型单元为河床充填复合体,纵向厚度达29 m,顶底为厚层泛滥泥岩沉积,内部为心滩—溢岸—河道四级构型单元的垂向叠加型(图2)。五级构型单元总体上呈正韵律特征,反映自下而上水动力减弱的水动力特征,GR曲线表现为多期钟形的叠置,底界发育河床冲刷面。
四级构型单元为单一成因类型砂体,包括心滩和辫状河道砂体,其界面为心滩与河道沉积的顶底的岩性界面(吴胜和等,2013)。溢岸为非储层的四级构型单元,以泥岩沉积为主。
1) 心滩
心滩由沉积物在对称螺旋形横向环流作用下加积形成,一般粒度较粗,是C-6油田N1gⅢ油组最主要的四级储层构型单元。心滩岩性以粗砂岩为主,底界面常为明显的冲刷面,总体上具均质韵律。发育大型槽状交错层理,底部含砾。C1井1 468~1 483 m为一典型的心滩沉积(图2),厚15 m,自然伽马曲线表现为箱形或钟形,孔隙度介于25%~30%,渗透率介于(200~400)×10-3 μm2,是研究区物性最好的储集单元。心滩的顶底界面为其与溢岸泥岩的分界面。
2) 辫状河道
辫状河水浅流急,侧向迁移快,砂质辫状河道沉积物砾石含量较低,河道滞留岩性以中砂岩为主,局部砂体底部见河道滞留成因的底砾沉积,与下部泥岩呈冲刷突变接触。C-6井1 454~1 462 m发育一期辫状河道沉积,自然伽马曲线表现为钟形结构,向上粒度变细,泥质含量增加,泥质夹层发育(图2)。砂体内部发育槽状、板状交错层理,上部为平行层理。孔隙度介于10%~25%,渗透率介于(100~300)×10-3 μm2,向上物性较差。
3) 溢岸
溢岸沉积主要为主河道边缘的天然堤与河漫滩,是洪水期间歇性高能水流发生漫溢而形成的高泥质含量沉积物,在本区为非储层构型单元,以灰色块状泥岩和泥质粉砂岩为主。C1井2期四级构型单元之间的溢岸沉积厚约5 m,物性较差,孔隙度小于10%,渗透率小于50×10-3 μm2图2),纵向具有较好的遮挡性,影响上部河道和下部心滩的连通性。
心滩或辫状河道内部的不同厚度的增生体则为三级构型单元,心滩内部以每期增生体末期的落淤层为界面,河道内部以洪水期细粒沉积为界面(吴胜和等,2013)。根据测井曲线的回返特征反映的细粒落淤层可以在四级构型单元内部划分出垂向叠置的多期增生体三级构型单元,单个增生体厚度2~5 m(图2)。落淤层以披覆形式发育在心滩内部,近平行于心滩顶面,整体为高能环境,落淤层发育偏少或者保留较少,在测井曲线上呈现轻微的回返。辫状河道内部三级构型界面厚度1~2 m,多发育于砂体上部,物性差,作为储层内部夹层在一定程度上影响渗流。
地震属性是指从地震信息中与地震波几何学、运动学和动力学特征相关的各种参数,其中的振幅类、频率类属性能够反映地层岩性和含油性的变化而广泛应用于储层预测。由于单一地震属性往往具有多解性,因此多属性融合是地震储层预测的发展方向(李婷婷等,2015Zeng,2017),属性简单叠加、多元线性回归、RGB分频融合(余成林等,2024)等线性算法引入到多属性地震储层预测,在提高储层预测精度方面都取得了较好的效果(黄德榕等,2023)。但是对于像C-6油田馆Ⅲ油组辫状河这样复杂类型的沉积储层,辫流带内充填的心滩和辫状河道砂体纵横向相互叠置,形成复杂的结构关系,地震属性线性融合的结果难以刻画储层砂体的空间变化,不能满足基于四级构型单元的储层精细表征(张宪国等,2021岳大力等,2022)。为此,本文引入深度前馈神经网络(DFNN)机器学习算法,实现了基于辫状河储层物性参数为标签的多地震属性非线性智能融合,提高了地震属性融合体对辫状河储层砂体边界的探测能力,为开展基于四级构型单元的储层精细表征提供了资料基础。
DFNN是一种标准的深度学习神经网络结构,由输入层、多个隐含层和输出层构成(王树华等,2022)。输入层为训练样本数据集,由一个多维列向量构成。隐含层用于输入信息的空间映射变换,每一个隐含层有若干个神经元,层与层之间的神经元互相连接,层内神经元互不连接,而且下一层神经元和上一层的所有神经元相连接,DFNN的隐含层至少为3层。输出层则是最终的目标体响应结果(王昊等,2020)。王树华等(2022)以单层输入层、双层隐含层、单层输出层为例详细阐述了深度前馈神经网络的基本原理,本文不再赘述。
DFNN是当前应用比较广泛的监督型的机器学习方法,通过挖掘目标体与相关数据的复杂的非线性关系,实现目标体的准确预测。因此,该方法比较适用于基于多地震属性的储层空间分布规律的预测。该方法适用于有井区域,且钻井越多融合效果越好(李伟等,2022)。
以工区内20口井的孔隙度曲线为目标函数,应用DFNN建立孔隙度与井旁道多种地震属性参数进行深度学习,通过多次迭代,建立起孔隙度与地震属性参数之间的非线性映射模型,继而将该非线性映射模型应用于工区的三维地震覆盖区,得到基于多种地震属性融合的孔隙度三维数据体,为井间储层构型单元边界探测提供资料基础。主要由样本构建、DFNN模型训练、DFNN模型应用三个方面(吴海波等,2014),具体流程如图3所示。
由于层间地震属性与储层参数之间缺乏理论上的直接联系,因此选择合适的地震属性类型是确保储层预测结果可靠的重要环节(贺婷等,2023)。设定孔隙度为目标曲线,提取与岩性和物性相关的地震属性,包括振幅类、频率类、能量类和波形类,开展井旁道各种地震属性与孔隙度的相关性分析,优选6种属性构成样本集,分别为反射强度、相对波阻抗、甜点、瞬时振幅、均方根振幅和主频(表1)。可以看出,孔隙度与反射强度的相关系数最高达到0.68,与主频的相关系数最低为0.51,所有属性与孔隙度的相关系数均大于0.50,说明这些参数均与孔隙度存在一定的相关性,但是相关性均较低,平均为0.60,有必要应用DFNN建立这些属性参数与孔隙度之间的非线性映射关系。
对初步筛选后的6种地震属性按与孔隙度的相关系数由大到小,逐次输入,以标准化后的孔隙度曲线为监督数据进行训练学习。DFNN采用Xavier初始化方法给每一个地震属性随机赋予初始权重系数,输入的训练参数以初始的权重系数加权平均后输入到第一个隐藏层由非线性的Sigmoid逻辑函数构成的神经元,经过逻辑函数非线性转换处理后输入下一个隐藏层的神经元,构建最小二乘对比目标曲线,求解目标函数的最低点,得到最优化的地震属性权重系数和偏置项,得到利用不同地震属性参数融合孔隙度曲线(POR-i)和测井孔隙度曲线的误差(图4a)。可以看出,随着输入地震属性的增加,井点孔隙度的训练误差总是递减的,表明地震属性越多,井上预测曲线的误差会逐渐降低。但抽稀井的验证误差则是逐渐降低后变平稳,甚至有增大的趋势,表明过多的属性输入,容易导致网络结构的过拟合,陷入局部最优解(贺婷等,2023),而拐点属性数目为5。因此,依据各地震属性与孔隙度相关性的强弱,优选反射强度、相对阻抗、甜点、瞬时振幅、均方根振幅5种地震属性作为输入完成融合的属性效果最优。
图4b为抽稀井C2不同数目属性作为输入后的目标曲线(黑色)与预测曲线POR-1~POR-5(红色)的对比。可以看出,基于DFNN处理的多属性融合数据体井旁道与孔隙度曲线具有很好的相关性,并且随着地震属性的增多,预测孔隙度与测井孔隙度的误差进一步降低,POR-5与测井孔隙度的误差最小。
应用基于5种地震属性的DFNN模型对C-6油田馆三上段三维地震资料进行处理,得到以孔隙度为标签的多属性融合地震数据体,该数据体具有与孔隙度相同的量纲,因此具有明确的地质意义(Gholami and Ansari,2017),以属性值空间差异性可以直观预测不同的四级构型单元。如图5所示为C-6油田馆陶组III油组2小层反射强度、相对波阻抗、甜点及多属性融合体的地层切片。三种单一地震属性高值的分布规律较为一致,能表现出近东西向分布的条带状高值区,揭示了馆Ⅲ上油组的辫流带的分布范围,但辫流带内单一心滩砂体的边界清晰。DFNN融合的属性体值的平面变化更加清晰地呈现了辫流带内部结构,异常响应的边界清楚,提高了四级构型单元边界的探测能力。
针对融合属性效果的好坏评判,选取拟合优度(R2)和方差(S2)一起作为预测结果准确性的评价参数,拟合优度越接近于1,方差越接近0,则表明模型预测效果越好。经过交会图的数学分析,井点多属性融合预测与实际孔隙度的R2为0.91,S2为0.66(图6),预测结果表明,基于DFNN多属性融合提高了储层预测的精度和可信度。通过交会图也能够体现出溢岸沉积与辫状河道孔隙度阈值为0.11,辫状河道和心滩之间孔隙度阈值为0.22(图6)。
以孔隙度监督DFNN多属性融合值具有与孔隙度相同的量纲,并且具有表征储层物性的地质意义。以单井测井相标定(图7a),箱形测井响应的厚层辫状河心滩的融合属性值主体分布范围为0.22~0.40,钟形测井响应薄层辫状河道属性值主体分布范围为0.11~0.22,溢岸沉积泥岩的属性值介于0~0.11。由此可见,DFNN属性融合完全可以依据其值的平面分布有效识别各种四级构型单元,并且这些构型单元边界的属性值响应十分清晰。
图7b所示是在单井相标定下依据DFNN融合属性解释的C-6油田馆陶组III油组2小层储层四级构型平面分布。该小层研究区发育北东—南西向辫流带,相当于五级储层构型单元,最大横向跨度约2.0 km。在五级构型单元辫流带内部,结合沉积模式以及融合属性的分布规律,确定四级构型单元的边界,划分出15个心滩四级构型单元,单一心滩呈菱形,长轴沿辫流带方向分布,心滩规模由北东向南西逐渐减小,心滩长轴平均约800 m,短轴长度约400 m(图7b)。四级构型单元分流河道呈窄条带状环绕在心滩周围,宽度50~200 m,整体心滩和分流河道的物性存在一定差异,二者之间的四级构型界面对流体运移能够起到一定渗流屏障作用。在单一心滩内部根据心滩高值区中融合属性的线状低值区,结合心滩的沉积模式,划分出冲沟三级构型界面,平面上呈平“人”字或“X”形排列,影响心滩储层内部的连通性(图7b)。
根据切物源属性融合剖面上的高值区以及属性值的边界形态(图8a),在2小层解释出3个心滩四级构型单元(③、⑦、⑧),心滩和分流河道构型单元的拼接界面影响连通,在心滩⑦和心滩⑧之上发育辫状河道四级构型单元(图8b)。心滩内部或边缘的分流河道规模小,未下切至心滩底部,形成“大心滩上小河道”的样式,根据井上厚砂体内部发育的隔夹层,按照辫状河心滩沉积模式解释为落淤层,在垂向上可造成同一单砂体内部上下位置水淹程度的差别。1小层发育2个孤立的心滩,整体较2小层心滩规模小,同时1小层发育数个小规模辫状河道。
基于孔隙度监督的多属性DFNN融合属性体,克服了单一地震属性对于储层砂体响应的多解性(杨希濮等,2021Zhang et al.,2023),属性体具备了与孔隙度相当的明确地质意义和数据取值范围,综合了多种地震属性对于辫状河储层构型单元的响应,提高了辫状河储层构型单元边界的探测能力。该技术在C-6油田综合调整阶段得到有效应用,部署13口井全部投产后,单井平均产能达69 m3/d,也为相似油田的开发提供了宝贵经验。
(1) C-6油田馆陶组Ⅲ油组属辫状河沉积,依照Miall构型研究方法,主要划分出心滩和辫状河道两种类型四级构型单元,其中心滩储层厚度大,物性较好,是研究区主要发育的储层构型单元。
(2) 依据基于孔隙度监督的多属性神经网络融合重点对C-6油田四级储层构型单元进行了解剖。通过地震属性提取和优选,以井点解释的孔隙度数据作为监督,反射强度、相对阻抗、甜点、瞬时振幅、均方根振幅5种属性作为输入,DFNN融合后的属性体提高了储层预测的精度和可信度。所得到的融合结果与单一属性相比,条带状储层发育区识别效果更为明显,凸显了储层发育区与非储层发育区的物性差异。
(3) C-6油田馆Ⅲ油组发育北东—南西向辫流带,最大横向跨度约2 km,内部划分出呈菱形的15个心滩四级构型单元,分流河道四级构型单元呈窄条带状环绕在心滩周围,宽度50~200 m,二者之间的四级构型界面对流体运移能够起到一定渗流屏障作用。垂向上心滩互相切叠,形成“大心滩上小河道”的样式。基于该研究成果明确了储层连通性,提高了油田开发效果,为相似油田的开发提供了宝贵经验。
  • 国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05047-003)
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2026年第44卷第1期
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doi: 10.14027/j.issn.1000-0550.2024.022
  • 接收时间:2023-12-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-17
  • 出版时间:2026-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-20
  • 修回日期:2024-02-01
  • 录用日期:2024-03-14
基金
National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05047-003)
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05047-003)
作者信息
    1.中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249
    2.中国石油冀东油田,河北 唐山 063000
    3.中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459

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李彦泽,男,高级工程师,油气田开发地质,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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