草地学报

不同放牧方式对高寒草地土壤养分及酶活性的影响

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高瑾安, 王佳敏, 时光, 刘文涛, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭, 杨晓霞, 董全民, 孙盛楠

草地学报 | 研究论文 2026,34(6): 2001-2011

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草地学报 |研究论文 2026 , 34 (6) : 2001 -2011

不同放牧方式对高寒草地土壤养分及酶活性的影响

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高瑾安, 王佳敏, 时光, 刘文涛, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭, 杨晓霞, 董全民, 孙盛楠

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作者简介:

高瑾安(2004-),女,汉族,江苏徐州人,本科生,主要从事草地生态学研究,E-mail:221901126@stu.yzu.edu.cn

Effects of Different Grazing Patterns on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Grassland

GAO Jin-an, WANG Jia-min, SHI Guang, LIU Wen-tao, LIU Yu-zhen, LIU Wen-ting, YANG Xiao-xia, DONG Quan-min, SUN Sheng-nan

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doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.004

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摘要

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放牧是草地主要利用方式之一，合理的放牧方式能够实现草地可持续利用。但是现有研究多是对单一畜种放牧或者固定比例混合放牧进行研究，缺乏对不同混合比例放牧方式对草地生态系统影响的探讨。为此，本研究以青藏高原高寒草地为研究对象，探究牦牛与藏系绵羊不同比例混合放牧对土壤养分及酶活性的影响。试验设置对照（CK）、牦牛单牧（YG）、藏羊单牧（SG）及牦牛藏羊混合放牧（MG1∶2、MG1∶4、MG1∶6）六种处理，分析放牧第6年至第8年的地上生物量、土壤全效养分（全碳、全氮、全磷）及碳氮循环相关酶（硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、脲酶、羟胺还原酶、淀粉酶、中性蛋白酶）活性变化。结果表明：放牧方式和放牧年份对地上生物量、土壤碳氮循环相关酶活性均有显著交互作用，土壤养分和酶活性有显著的年际动态特征，呈波动变化。混合放牧对土壤养分和酶活性的影响与单牧有明显差异，随着放牧年份增加，牦牛藏羊1∶2或1∶4混合放牧方式对高寒草地土壤养分和酶活性的扰动逐渐趋近于天然草地，说明不同畜种组合的放牧方式更有助于维持草地生态系统功能稳定。

关键词

混合放牧 / 土壤生态化学计量比 / 放牧管理 / 土壤酶活性

Abstract

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Grazing is one of the main ways to utilize grassland. A reasonable grazing method can achieve sustainable utilization of grassland. However， most studies focus on grazing of a single livestock species or fixed-proportion mixed grazing， lacking exploration of the impact of different proportion mixed grazing on grassland ecosystem. This study investigated the effects of different herbivore assemblage grazing on soil nutrients and enzyme activities based on the alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The experiment was established including a control （CK）， yak-only grazing （YG）， Tibetan sheep-only grazing （SG）， and mixed grazing of yaks and Tibetan sheep （MG1∶2， MG1∶4， MG1∶6）. Plant and soil samples were collected from the experimental plots from the 6th to the 8th year of grazing to analyze changes in grassland plant biomass， soil total nutrients （total carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus）， and the activities of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen cycles （nitrate reductase， nitrite reductase， urease， hydroxylamine reductase， amylase， and neutral protease）. The results showed that both grazing patterns and experimental year had significant interactive effects on the activities of carbon- and nitrogen cycle-related soil enzymes. Soil nutrients and enzyme activities exhibited significant interannual dynamic characteristics. Mixed grazing had distinct effects on soil nutrients and enzyme activity compared to single-species grazing. As the grazing duration increases， the mixed grazing system with a yak-to-Tibetan sheep ratio of 1∶2 or 1∶4 gradually restores the soil nutrients and enzyme activity of alpine grasslands to levels closer to those of natural grasslands. The results suggest that grazing with different livestock combinations is more conducive to maintaining the stability of grassland ecosystem functions.

Key words

Herbivore assemblage grazing / Soil ecological stoichiometry / Grazing management / Soil enzyme activity

引用本文

高瑾安, 王佳敏, 时光, 刘文涛, 刘玉祯, 刘文亭, 杨晓霞, 董全民, 孙盛楠. 不同放牧方式对高寒草地土壤养分及酶活性的影响. 草地学报, 2026 , 34 (6) : 2001 -2011 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.004

GAO Jin-an, WANG Jia-min, SHI Guang, LIU Wen-tao, LIU Yu-zhen, LIU Wen-ting, YANG Xiao-xia, DONG Quan-min, SUN Sheng-nan. Effects of Different Grazing Patterns on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Alpine Grassland[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026 , 34 (6) : 2001 -2011 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.004

基金

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三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室开放基金课题 (2023-SJY-KF-02)

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2026年第34卷第6期

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doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.004

接收时间：2025-07-14
首发时间：2026-09-23

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收稿日期：2025-07-14
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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