草地学报

苜蓿花期调控研究进展及育种展望

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草地学报 | 专论与进展 2026,34(2): 377-391

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草地学报 |专论与进展 2026 , 34 (2) : 377 -391

苜蓿花期调控研究进展及育种展望

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刘睿超¹, 于林清¹, 任慧敏¹, 武啸峰¹, 崔乐乐¹

作者信息

作者简介:

刘睿超（1997-），女，汉族，内蒙古巴彦淖尔人，硕士研究生，主要从事牧草育种研究，E-mail:liuruichaonnd@163.com

Research Advances and Breeding Prospects on Alfalfa Flowering Time Regulation

LIU Rui-chao¹, YU Lin-qing¹, REN Hui-min¹, WU Xiao-feng¹, CUI Le-le¹

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doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.001

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摘要

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苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）是全球重要的豆科牧草，因其生物量高，营养价值高，适应性强，适口性好而被广泛种植和利用。开花时间是苜蓿生育期的关键阶段，直接影响牧草产量及品质。但是，由于环境因素和遗传特性不同，苜蓿花期常表现出较大的差异性，影响其生产栽培和收获效率。近年来，学术界在分子生物学研究方向取得了一定的研究进展，揭示了光周期、温度、激素等因素对开花基因表达的调控机制。目前我国在苜蓿花期研究方面仍存在基础研究薄弱、育种技术落后、品种花期不规范等问题。本文综述了苜蓿花期调控的研究进展，探讨了影响苜蓿花期的生态因子及基因调控机制，并提出了未来育种和栽培管理的优化策略，以期为苜蓿高产优质育种和可持续利用提供理论支持和实践指导。

关键词

苜蓿 / 开花时间 / 生育期 / 开花基因 / 育种

Abstract

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Alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.） is a globally important leguminous forage crop， widely cultivated and utilized due to its high biomass yield， nutritional value， strong adaptability， and excellent palatability. Flowering time is a critical stage in alfalfa growth cycle， directly affecting forage yield and quality. However， variations in environmental factors and genetic characteristics often lead to significant differences in flowering time， which in turn affecting its production， cultivation， management， and harvesting efficiency. In recent years， significant progresses have been made in the field of molecular biology， revealing the regulatory mechanisms of flowering gene expression was influenced by photoperiod， temperature and hormones. However， in China， the research on alfalfa flowering time regulation remains insufficient， with challenges including weak basic research， outdated breeding techniques， and inconsistent flowering periods among cultivars. This review summarizes the recent advances in the regulation of alfalfa flowering time， explores the ecological factors and genetic mechanisms influencing flowering， and proposes future optimization strategies for breeding and cultivation management. The aim is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for high-yield， high-quality alfalfa breeding and sustainable utilization.

Key words

Alfalfa / Flowering time / Growth cycle / Flowering genes / Breeding

引用本文

刘睿超, 于林清, 任慧敏, 武啸峰, 崔乐乐. 苜蓿花期调控研究进展及育种展望. 草地学报, 2026 , 34 (2) : 377 -391 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.001

LIU Rui-chao, YU Lin-qing, REN Hui-min, WU Xiao-feng, CUI Le-le. Research Advances and Breeding Prospects on Alfalfa Flowering Time Regulation[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026 , 34 (2) : 377 -391 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.001

基金

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内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“河套地区苜蓿抗旱耐盐碱品种筛选及其配套优质丰产栽培技术研究与示范” (2023YFHH0083); 内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目“优质苜蓿新品种选育及产业化示范” (2022JBGS0020); “科技创新2030一重大项目子课题” (2022ZD040110302)

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2026年第34卷第2期

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doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.001

接收时间：2025-03-13
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收稿日期：2025-03-13
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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