Article(id=1309575159263093427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575113855562513, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.09.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768406400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-15, revisedDate=1774368000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790156648697, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790156648697, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790156648697, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790156648697, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309575113855562513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, year='2026', volume='34', issue='9', pageStart='3141', pageEnd='3524', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1789401600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790156637871, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790156973247, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309576520587374966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575113855562513, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309576520587374967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575113855562513, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3276, endPage=3283, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309575159703495350, articleId=1309575159263093427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=EN, title=Screening of Surfactants for Foliar Application of 6-BA on Leymus chinensis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Agrestia Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=To screen surfactants suitable for foliar application on Leymus chinensis and capable of enhancing the absorption efficiency of 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA）， five surfactants （Silwet 408，SDS，MES，DDM，orange） commonly used on hydrophobic leaves of gramineous plants were evaluated based on surface tension， critical micelle concentration， contact angle， and maximum stable retention. The results showed that the leaves of L. chinensis exhibited super hydrophobicity， and the apparent surface free energy at the heading stage was significantly lower than that at the regreening stage（P<0.05）. Polyether-modified silicone Silwet 408 exhibited the optimal performance， achieving the lowest surface tension at the critical micelle concentration （21.27 mN·m-1） and complete spreading （contact angle <5°） at both growth stages， followed by orange peel essential oil. SDS and orange peel essential oil showed the highest retention at the regreening stage （36.16 mg·cm-2） and heading stage （34.60 mg·cm-2）， respectively. Therefore， Silwet 408 is recommended as the preferred surfactant， while orange peel essential oil serves as a green alternative at the heading stage. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for efficient delivery of foliar regulators in L. chinensis., authors=XU Xin-xin1, ZHANG Chen-hui2, MA Xi-qing1, authorsList=XU Xin-xin, ZHANG Chen-hui, MA Xi-qing, authorCompany=1 College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309575159615414965, articleId=1309575159263093427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=CN, title=羊草叶面喷施6-BA用表面活性剂筛选, columnId=1309565024058835950, journalTitle=草地学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为筛选适合羊草（Leymus chinensis）叶面喷施，能提高6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-Benzylaminopurine，6-BA）吸收效率的表面活性剂。以表面张力、临界胶束浓度、接触角和最大稳定持留量为指标，从有机硅类Silwet 408、无机盐类SDS及植物源类MES、DDM、橙皮精油共5种禾本科疏水叶片常用表面活性剂中筛选适宜羊草叶面的喷施材料。结果表明，羊草叶片呈超疏水性，抽穗期表观表面自由能显著低于返青期（P<0.05）。聚醚改性有机硅Silwet 408性能最优，在临界胶束浓度下表面张力最低（21.27 mN·m⁻¹），可在两个生育期实现完全铺展（接触角<5°），橙皮精油综合表现次之；SDS和橙皮精油分别在返青期（36.16 mg·cm⁻²）和抽穗期（34.60 mg·cm⁻²）持留量最高。因此，Silwet 408为首选表面活性剂，橙皮精油可作为抽穗期的绿色备选方案。本研究可为羊草叶面调控剂的高效递送提供理论依据与技术支撑。, authors=徐欣欣1, 张晨辉2, 马西青1, authorsList=徐欣欣, 张晨辉, 马西青, authorCompany=1 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193; 2 中国农业大学理学院, 北京 100193, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=徐欣欣(2002-),汉族,江苏徐州人,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草育种研究,E-mail:s20233243628@cau.edu.cn, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=w3VjRBZHm+RT5+uaLCPbDg==, pdfFileSize=3563639, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=null, 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Strategy of pesticide formulation research and development for efficiency improvement with less application [J]. World Pesticides，2021，43（2）：1-5 曹冲，黄啟良，曹立冬，等. 减施增效农药剂型设计与制剂研发策略[J]. 世界农药， 2021， 43（2）：1-5 SONG M， JU J， LUO S， et al. Controlling liquid splash on superhydrophobic surfaces by a vesicle surfactant [J]. Science Advances，2017，3（3）：e1602188 YANG L， WANG S， WANG R， et al. Floating chitosan-alginate microspheres loaded with chlorantraniliprole effectively control Chilo suppressalis （Walker） and Sesamia inferens （Walker） in rice fields [J]. Science of the Total Environment，2021，783：147088 MA Y， ZHANG C H，DU F P. Development tendency and frontier technology of pesticide formulations [J]. Modern Agrochemicals，2022，21（1）：1-8 马悦，张晨辉，杜凤沛. 农药制剂发展趋势及前沿技术概况[J]. 现代农药，2022， 21（1）：1-8 XU G C， GU Z Y， XU D J， et al. Characteristics of rice leaf surface and droplets deposition behavior on rice leaf surface with different inclination angles[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2014，47（21）：4280-4290 徐广春，顾中言，徐德进，等. 稻叶表面特性及雾滴在倾角稻叶上的沉积行为[J]. 中国农业科学，2014，47（21）：4280-4290 LI Z， LI Z， GAO Y， et al. Assemblies disaggregation and diffusion dictated droplet impact and wetting behaviors on hydrophobic surface [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids，2021，339：116826 ZHANG C， ZHAO X， LEI J， et al. The wetting behavior of aqueous surfactant solutions on wheat （Triticum aestivum） leaf surfaces [J]. Soft Matter，2017，13（2）：503-513 PAN X L， DONG F S， LIU X G， et al. Development and application of pesticide in China in past 70 years [J]. Modern Agrochemicals，2020，19（1）：1-5 潘兴鲁，董丰收，刘新刚，等. 中国农药七十年发展与应用回顾[J]. 现代农药，2020，19（1）：1-5 LIU G S. Personal opinions on the development of Leymus chinensis seed industry [J]. Grassland and Prataculture，2023，35（1）：1-5 刘公社. 羊草种业发展之我见[J]. 草原与草业，2023，35（1）：1-5 HOU X Y， BAI W Y. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Leymus chinensis based on phenotypic traits [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2022，30（3）：631-636 侯向阳，白乌云. 基于表型性状的羊草遗传多样性评价[J]. 草地学报，2022，30（3）：631-636 TAO Y， XU L J， LI F， et al. The Leymus chinensis industry in China needs to be urgently revitalized [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica，2023，32（11）：188-198 陶雅，徐丽君，李峰，等. 我国羊草产业亟待振兴[J]. 草业学报，2023，32（11）：188-198 WANG Y， ZHOU G， WANG Y. Modeling responses of the meadow steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis to climate change [J]. Climatic Change，2007，82（3-4）：437-452 WANG J F， LI J H， ZHANG S Y， et al. Cloning， expression pattern analysis and subcellular localization of LcPDS gene in Leymus chinensis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2025，33（11）：3550-3558 王介繁，李健辉，张生原，等.羊草LcPDS基因的克隆、表达模式分析及亚细胞定位[J]. 草地学报，2025，33（11）：3550-3558 GUZMAN Y， PUGLIESE B， GONZALEZ C V， et al. Spray with plant growth regulators at full bloom may improve quality for storage of ‘Superior Seedless’ table grapes by modifying the vascular system of the bunch [J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology，2021，176：111522 LI L Y， ZHOU Q R， LI Y， et al. Transcriptome analysis of exogenous 6-BA in regulating young spike development of wheat after low temperature at booting stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2023，49（7）：1808-1817 李凌雨，周琦锐，李洋，等. 外源6-BA调控孕穗期低温后小麦幼穗发育的转录组分析[J]. 作物学报，2023，49（7）：1808-1817 LI X Y， WANG B， ZHANG J T， et al. Quantitative traits of sexual reproduction of Leymus chinensis responding to different exogenous plant hormones concentration and spraying time [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2018，26（4）：826-831 李晓宇，王彪，张继涛，等.羊草有性生殖数量性状对不同外源植物激素喷施时间和浓度的响应[J]. 草地学报，2018，26（4）：826-831 PAN S， RASUL F， LI W， et al. Roles of plant growth regulators on yield， grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice （Oryza Sativa L.） [J]. Rice，2013，6：1-10 TALUKDAR M， SWAIN D K， BHADORIA P B S. Effect of IAA and BAP application in varying concentration on seed yield and oil quality of Guizotia Abyssinica （L.F.） Cass [J]. Annals of Agricultural Sciences，2022，67（1）：15-23 WANG J， ZHANG Z， ZHAO C， et al. Effect of multiple concentration combination of plant growth regulator， fertilizer， mineral oil and additive on Leymus chinensis L. yield [J]. Feed Research，2019，42（7）：95-99 王健，张钊，赵春林，等.不同浓度的植物生长调节剂、叶面水溶肥、矿物油及渗透助剂对羊草产量的影响[J]. 饲料研究，2019，42（7）：95-99 JIANG L. Three kinds of plant growth regulator on Leymus chinensis seeds yield regulation effect and its mechanism [D]. Tongliao：Inner Mongolia Minzu University，2016：5 姜澜. 三种植物生长调节剂对羊草种子产量的调控效应及其机制[D]. 通辽：内蒙古民族大学，2016：5 LIU Z D， CHAI F J， GAO H J， et al. Effects of trace elements on seed setting rate of Leymus chinensis [J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences，2019，（8）：131-134 刘泽东，柴凤久，高海娟，等.施用微量元素对羊草结实率的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学，2019（8）：131-134 XU X L， XU G C， XU D J， et al. Analysis of the wettability and retention of clodinafop-propargyl ME solutions on American sloughgrass Beckmannia syzigachne leaves [J]. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica，2015，42（3）：453-459 许小龙，徐广春，徐德进，等. 炔草酯微乳剂药液在菵草叶片上的润湿和持留特性分析[J]. 植物保护学报， 2015，42（3）：453-459 LI Y F， FENG Z T， ZHANG X J. Study on surface tensions and contact angles of several agricultural synergists[J]. Agrochemicals，2021，60（3）：172-175 李彦飞，冯泽腾，张小军. 几种农用增效助剂的表面张力及接触角研究[J]. 农药，2021，60（3）：172-175 ZHU Y， YU C， LI Y， et al. Research on the changes in wettability of rice （Oryza sativa） leaf surfaces at different development stages using the OWRK method [J]. Pest Management Science，2014，70（3）：462-469 FOX H W， HARE E F， ZISMAN W A. The spreading of liquids on low-energy surfaces .6. Branched-chain monolayers， aromatic surfaces， and thin liquid films [J]. Journal of Colloid Science，1953，8（2）：194-203 NAIRN J J， FORSTER W A. Methods for evaluating leaf surface free energy and polarity having accounted for surface roughness [J]. Pest Management Science，2017，73（9）：1854-1865 KOCH K， BHUSHAN B， BARTHLOTT W. Diversity of structure， morphology and wetting of plant surfaces [J]. Soft Matter，2008，4（10）：1943-1963 ZHANG C H， MA Y， DU F P. Research progress on the wetting and deposition behaviors of pesticidedroplet on target surfaces with the addition of surfactants [J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science，2019，21（Z1）：883-894 张晨辉，马悦，杜凤沛. 表面活性剂调控农药药液对靶润湿沉积研究进展[J]. 农药学学报，2019，21（Z1）：883-894 VOLPE C D， SIBONI S. Acid-base surface free energies of solids and the definition of scales in the Good-van Oss-Chaudhury theory [J]. Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles，2000：171-208 MAO B， CHENG Z， LEI C， et al. Wax crystal-sparse leaf2，a rice homologue of WAX2/GL1，is involved in synthesis of leaf cuticular wax [J]. Planta，2012，235（1）：39-52 WANG L， TIAN Z， JIANG G， et al. Spontaneous dewetting transitions of droplets during icing & melting cycle [J]. Nature Communications，2022，13（1）：378 HUANG H， YANG X， ZHENG M， et al. An ancestral role for 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE3 as a negative regulator of plant cuticular wax synthesis [J]. Plant Cell，2023，35（6）：2251-2270 YANG X， FENG T， LI S， et al. CER16 inhibits post-transcriptional gene silencing of CER3 to regulate alkane biosynthesis [J]. Plant Physiology，2020，182（3）：1211-1221 LI T， TANG S， LI W， et al. Genome evolution and initial breeding of the triticeae grass Leymuschinensis dominating the Eurasian Steppe [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2023，120（44） LIN Z， CHEN L， TANG S， et al. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in sheepgrass （Leymus chinensis） [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology，2023，65（11）：2416-2420 QIN T， GOUAL L， PIRI M. Synergistic effects of surfactant mixtures on the displacement of nonaqueous phase liquids in porous media [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A： Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2019，582：123885 TWORKOSKI T. Herbicide effects of essential oils [J]. Weed Science，2002，50（4）：425-431)
Screening of Surfactants for Foliar Application of 6-BA on Leymus chinensis
XU Xin-xin1, ZHANG Chen-hui2, MA Xi-qing1
Affiliations
1 College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 2. College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
To screen surfactants suitable for foliar application on Leymus chinensis and capable of enhancing the absorption efficiency of 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA）， five surfactants （Silwet 408，SDS，MES，DDM，orange） commonly used on hydrophobic leaves of gramineous plants were evaluated based on surface tension， critical micelle concentration， contact angle， and maximum stable retention. The results showed that the leaves of L. chinensis exhibited super hydrophobicity， and the apparent surface free energy at the heading stage was significantly lower than that at the regreening stage（P<0.05）. Polyether-modified silicone Silwet 408 exhibited the optimal performance， achieving the lowest surface tension at the critical micelle concentration （21.27 mN·m-1） and complete spreading （contact angle <5°） at both growth stages， followed by orange peel essential oil. SDS and orange peel essential oil showed the highest retention at the regreening stage （36.16 mg·cm-2） and heading stage （34.60 mg·cm-2）， respectively. Therefore， Silwet 408 is recommended as the preferred surfactant， while orange peel essential oil serves as a green alternative at the heading stage. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for efficient delivery of foliar regulators in L. chinensis.
XU Xin-xin, ZHANG Chen-hui, MA Xi-qing.
Screening of Surfactants for Foliar Application of 6-BA on Leymus chinensis[J].
Acta Agrestia Sinica,
2026
, 34
(9)
: 3276
-3283
.
DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.09.012
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CAO C， HUANG Q L， CAO L D， et al. Strategy of pesticide formulation research and development for efficiency improvement with less application [J]. World Pesticides，2021，43（2）：1-5 曹冲，黄啟良，曹立冬，等. 减施增效农药剂型设计与制剂研发策略[J]. 世界农药， 2021， 43（2）：1-5 SONG M， JU J， LUO S， et al. Controlling liquid splash on superhydrophobic surfaces by a vesicle surfactant [J]. Science Advances，2017，3（3）：e1602188 YANG L， WANG S， WANG R， et al. Floating chitosan-alginate microspheres loaded with chlorantraniliprole effectively control Chilo suppressalis （Walker） and Sesamia inferens （Walker） in rice fields [J]. Science of the Total Environment，2021，783：147088 MA Y， ZHANG C H，DU F P. Development tendency and frontier technology of pesticide formulations [J]. Modern Agrochemicals，2022，21（1）：1-8 马悦，张晨辉，杜凤沛. 农药制剂发展趋势及前沿技术概况[J]. 现代农药，2022， 21（1）：1-8 XU G C， GU Z Y， XU D J， et al. Characteristics of rice leaf surface and droplets deposition behavior on rice leaf surface with different inclination angles[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica，2014，47（21）：4280-4290 徐广春，顾中言，徐德进，等. 稻叶表面特性及雾滴在倾角稻叶上的沉积行为[J]. 中国农业科学，2014，47（21）：4280-4290 LI Z， LI Z， GAO Y， et al. Assemblies disaggregation and diffusion dictated droplet impact and wetting behaviors on hydrophobic surface [J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids，2021，339：116826 ZHANG C， ZHAO X， LEI J， et al. The wetting behavior of aqueous surfactant solutions on wheat （Triticum aestivum） leaf surfaces [J]. Soft Matter，2017，13（2）：503-513 PAN X L， DONG F S， LIU X G， et al. Development and application of pesticide in China in past 70 years [J]. Modern Agrochemicals，2020，19（1）：1-5 潘兴鲁，董丰收，刘新刚，等. 中国农药七十年发展与应用回顾[J]. 现代农药，2020，19（1）：1-5 LIU G S. Personal opinions on the development of Leymus chinensis seed industry [J]. Grassland and Prataculture，2023，35（1）：1-5 刘公社. 羊草种业发展之我见[J]. 草原与草业，2023，35（1）：1-5 HOU X Y， BAI W Y. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Leymus chinensis based on phenotypic traits [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2022，30（3）：631-636 侯向阳，白乌云. 基于表型性状的羊草遗传多样性评价[J]. 草地学报，2022，30（3）：631-636 TAO Y， XU L J， LI F， et al. The Leymus chinensis industry in China needs to be urgently revitalized [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica，2023，32（11）：188-198 陶雅，徐丽君，李峰，等. 我国羊草产业亟待振兴[J]. 草业学报，2023，32（11）：188-198 WANG Y， ZHOU G， WANG Y. Modeling responses of the meadow steppe dominated by Leymus chinensis to climate change [J]. Climatic Change，2007，82（3-4）：437-452 WANG J F， LI J H， ZHANG S Y， et al. Cloning， expression pattern analysis and subcellular localization of LcPDS gene in Leymus chinensis [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2025，33（11）：3550-3558 王介繁，李健辉，张生原，等.羊草LcPDS基因的克隆、表达模式分析及亚细胞定位[J]. 草地学报，2025，33（11）：3550-3558 GUZMAN Y， PUGLIESE B， GONZALEZ C V， et al. Spray with plant growth regulators at full bloom may improve quality for storage of ‘Superior Seedless’ table grapes by modifying the vascular system of the bunch [J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology，2021，176：111522 LI L Y， ZHOU Q R， LI Y， et al. Transcriptome analysis of exogenous 6-BA in regulating young spike development of wheat after low temperature at booting stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica，2023，49（7）：1808-1817 李凌雨，周琦锐，李洋，等. 外源6-BA调控孕穗期低温后小麦幼穗发育的转录组分析[J]. 作物学报，2023，49（7）：1808-1817 LI X Y， WANG B， ZHANG J T， et al. Quantitative traits of sexual reproduction of Leymus chinensis responding to different exogenous plant hormones concentration and spraying time [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica，2018，26（4）：826-831 李晓宇，王彪，张继涛，等.羊草有性生殖数量性状对不同外源植物激素喷施时间和浓度的响应[J]. 草地学报，2018，26（4）：826-831 PAN S， RASUL F， LI W， et al. Roles of plant growth regulators on yield， grain qualities and antioxidant enzyme activities in super hybrid rice （Oryza Sativa L.） [J]. Rice，2013，6：1-10 TALUKDAR M， SWAIN D K， BHADORIA P B S. Effect of IAA and BAP application in varying concentration on seed yield and oil quality of Guizotia Abyssinica （L.F.） Cass [J]. Annals of Agricultural Sciences，2022，67（1）：15-23 WANG J， ZHANG Z， ZHAO C， et al. Effect of multiple concentration combination of plant growth regulator， fertilizer， mineral oil and additive on Leymus chinensis L. yield [J]. Feed Research，2019，42（7）：95-99 王健，张钊，赵春林，等.不同浓度的植物生长调节剂、叶面水溶肥、矿物油及渗透助剂对羊草产量的影响[J]. 饲料研究，2019，42（7）：95-99 JIANG L. Three kinds of plant growth regulator on Leymus chinensis seeds yield regulation effect and its mechanism [D]. Tongliao：Inner Mongolia Minzu University，2016：5 姜澜. 三种植物生长调节剂对羊草种子产量的调控效应及其机制[D]. 通辽：内蒙古民族大学，2016：5 LIU Z D， CHAI F J， GAO H J， et al. Effects of trace elements on seed setting rate of Leymus chinensis [J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences，2019，（8）：131-134 刘泽东，柴凤久，高海娟，等.施用微量元素对羊草结实率的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学，2019（8）：131-134 XU X L， XU G C， XU D J， et al. Analysis of the wettability and retention of clodinafop-propargyl ME solutions on American sloughgrass Beckmannia syzigachne leaves [J]. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica，2015，42（3）：453-459 许小龙，徐广春，徐德进，等. 炔草酯微乳剂药液在菵草叶片上的润湿和持留特性分析[J]. 植物保护学报， 2015，42（3）：453-459 LI Y F， FENG Z T， ZHANG X J. Study on surface tensions and contact angles of several agricultural synergists[J]. Agrochemicals，2021，60（3）：172-175 李彦飞，冯泽腾，张小军. 几种农用增效助剂的表面张力及接触角研究[J]. 农药，2021，60（3）：172-175 ZHU Y， YU C， LI Y， et al. Research on the changes in wettability of rice （Oryza sativa） leaf surfaces at different development stages using the OWRK method [J]. Pest Management Science，2014，70（3）：462-469 FOX H W， HARE E F， ZISMAN W A. The spreading of liquids on low-energy surfaces .6. Branched-chain monolayers， aromatic surfaces， and thin liquid films [J]. Journal of Colloid Science，1953，8（2）：194-203 NAIRN J J， FORSTER W A. Methods for evaluating leaf surface free energy and polarity having accounted for surface roughness [J]. Pest Management Science，2017，73（9）：1854-1865 KOCH K， BHUSHAN B， BARTHLOTT W. Diversity of structure， morphology and wetting of plant surfaces [J]. Soft Matter，2008，4（10）：1943-1963 ZHANG C H， MA Y， DU F P. Research progress on the wetting and deposition behaviors of pesticidedroplet on target surfaces with the addition of surfactants [J]. Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science，2019，21（Z1）：883-894 张晨辉，马悦，杜凤沛. 表面活性剂调控农药药液对靶润湿沉积研究进展[J]. 农药学学报，2019，21（Z1）：883-894 VOLPE C D， SIBONI S. Acid-base surface free energies of solids and the definition of scales in the Good-van Oss-Chaudhury theory [J]. Apparent and Microscopic Contact Angles，2000：171-208 MAO B， CHENG Z， LEI C， et al. Wax crystal-sparse leaf2，a rice homologue of WAX2/GL1，is involved in synthesis of leaf cuticular wax [J]. Planta，2012，235（1）：39-52 WANG L， TIAN Z， JIANG G， et al. Spontaneous dewetting transitions of droplets during icing & melting cycle [J]. Nature Communications，2022，13（1）：378 HUANG H， YANG X， ZHENG M， et al. An ancestral role for 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE3 as a negative regulator of plant cuticular wax synthesis [J]. Plant Cell，2023，35（6）：2251-2270 YANG X， FENG T， LI S， et al. CER16 inhibits post-transcriptional gene silencing of CER3 to regulate alkane biosynthesis [J]. Plant Physiology，2020，182（3）：1211-1221 LI T， TANG S， LI W， et al. Genome evolution and initial breeding of the triticeae grass Leymuschinensis dominating the Eurasian Steppe [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2023，120（44） LIN Z， CHEN L， TANG S， et al. Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in sheepgrass （Leymus chinensis） [J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology，2023，65（11）：2416-2420 QIN T， GOUAL L， PIRI M. Synergistic effects of surfactant mixtures on the displacement of nonaqueous phase liquids in porous media [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A： Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects，2019，582：123885 TWORKOSKI T. Herbicide effects of essential oils [J]. Weed Science，2002，50（4）：425-431
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