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Four grazing intensity treatments were established: no grazing (CK), light grazing (LG,0.91 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1), moderate grazing (MG, 1.82 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1), and heavy grazing (HG, 2.71 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1). Based on data from 145 monitored quadrats in representative plots, a state transition probability matrix was constructed, integrating species interaction networks, functional group succession, and plant family closure analysis. The results showed that: (1) Plant population network complexity peaked during the stage of LG transition to MG (with only 4 isolated species), whereas core species (e.g., the disappearance of Teloxys aristata) reduced and isolated species sharply increased to 15 at the HG stage; (2) As stocking rate increased, the transition probabilities from shrub-subshrub (SS) and perennial forbs (PF) to perennial grasses (PG) rose, while the transition probability from PG to annual-biennial plants (AB) increased by more than 30% under HG; (3) The receiving capacity of the Poaceae (POA) strengthened with increasing stocking rate, whereas the biomass proportion of Asteraceae (AST) declined. In summary, a stocking rate exceeding 1.82 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1 triggered the critical threshold for community degradation. In contrast, moderate grazing (LG-MG) maintained community stability through species redundancy, optimized resource allocation among functional groups, and the formation of closed-loop transitions between plant families. This study provides a multidimensional theoretical foundation for early warning of desert steppe degradation and targeted restoration., authors=GUO Zhi-cheng1, ZHANG Bo-han1, LÜ Shi-jie1, authorsList=GUO Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Bo-han, LÜ Shi-jie, authorCompany=1 College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309575101482369808, articleId=1309575101117465359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=CN, title=荒漠草原植物群落状态转移随载畜率的变化规律, columnId=1309565024058835950, journalTitle=草地学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为阐明载畜率升高对荒漠草原植物群落状态转移的多层级驱动机制,本研究依托内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原长期放牧控制平台(2004—今),设置无牧(CK)、轻度放牧(LG,0.91羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)、中度放牧(MG,1.82羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)和重度放牧(HG,2.71羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)4个载畜率梯度,基于代表性样地145个监测样方数据构建状态转移概率矩阵,整合物种互作网络、功能群演替及植物科闭合性分析。结果表明:(1)LG→MG阶段植物种群网络复杂性达峰值(孤立物种仅4种),而HG阶段核心物种减少(如Teloxys aristata消失)、孤立物种激增至15种;(2)随载畜率升高,灌木半灌木(SS)和多年生杂类草(PF)向多年生禾草(PG)转移概率增加,而PG→一二年生植物(AB)转移概率在HG阶段增幅超30%;(3)禾本科(POA)接收能力随载畜率增大而增强,但菊科(AST)生物量占比下降。总之,载畜率>1.82羊单位·hm-2·半年-1触发群落退化临界点,而适度放牧(LG~MG)通过物种冗余、功能群资源优化及植物科间转移闭环维持群落稳定性。本研究为荒漠草原退化预警和精准恢复提供了多维度理论依据。, authors=郭志成1, 张博涵1, 吕世杰1, authorsList=郭志成, 张博涵, 吕世杰, authorCompany=1 内蒙古农业大学草业学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=郭志成(1973-),男,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,讲师,主要从事草地保护研究,E-mail:guozhichengnmg@sina.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, 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DU Y G,WANG Y Y. Moderate grazing improves the water use efficiency of alpine meadows[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021, 41(15):6102-6111 杜岩功,王云英. 适度放牧提高高寒草甸水分利用效率[J]. 生态学报,2021,41(15):6102-6111
SHENG Z L. The influence of grazing on the multifunctionality of the Hulun Buir grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia[C]// Proceedings of the 9th Youth Geoscience Forum.Xi Ning: Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2024:45-52 盛芝露. 放牧对内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原生态系统多功能性的影响[C]//第九届青年地学论坛论文集. 西宁:中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2024:45-52
HE J,SHI X. Detection of social-ecological drivers and impact thresholds of ecological degradation and ecological restoration in the last three decades[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2022,318:115513
ZHU A M,HAN G D,KANG J, et al. Effects of long-term grazing on characteristics of plant functional groups in Stipa Breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2019,27(6):1459-1466 朱爱民,韩国栋,康静,等. 长期放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物功能群特征的影响[J]. 草地学报,2019,27(6):1459-1466
VIRGILIO D A,LAMBERTUCCI A S,MORALES M J. Sustainable grazing management in rangelands: Over a century searching for a silver bullet[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment,2019,28(3):106561
GUO T T. Trait-dependent shifts in plant community composition under defoliation[J]. Oikos, 2024,133(2):e10432
ZHANG B H, LÜ S J,QÜ Z Q,et al. Effects of stocking rates on land surface characteristics and wind-blown sand fluxes during growing season in Desert Steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2023,45(4):33-41
ZHANG B H,QÜ Z Q, LÜ S J,et al. Grazing effects on total carbon and nitrogen content of wind-eroded soils in desert steppe[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2023(10):1-15
DELSERONE L M. World reference base (WRB) for soil resources[J]. Reference Reviews,2010,24(2):50-51
WEI Z J,WU G L,LIU Y F,et al. Theoretical stocking rate models for Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000,9(4):35-41
CONNELL J H. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs[J]. Science,1978,199(4335):1302-1310
HUSTON M. A general hypothesis of species diversity[J]. The American Naturalist,1979,113(1):81-101
BOULANGER V,DUPOUEY J L,ARCHAUX F,et al. Ungulates increase forest plant species richness to the benefit of non-forest specialists[J]. Global Change Biology,2017,24(2):485-495
GRIME J P. Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory[J]. The American Naturalist,1977,111(982):1169-1194
DOS SANTOS D,JONER F,SHIPLEY B,et al. Crop functional diversity drives multiple ecosystem functions during early agroforestry succession[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,58(8):1718-1727
YUAN J H, LI H Y, YANG Y F. The compensatory tillering in the forage grass Hordeum brevisubulatum after simulated grazing of different severity[J]. Front Plant Sciences,2020,11(1):792
BRISKE D D. Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: a functional interpretation[M]//HODGSON J, ILLIUS A W. The Ecology and Management of Grazing Systems. Wallingford:CABI,1996:37-67
LI X Z,QU Q H.The influence of grazing on the symbiotic network of soil microorganisms in grasslands[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(18):6120-6128 李香真,曲秋皓. 放牧对草原土壤微生物共生网络的影响[J]. 生态学报,2015,35(18):6120-6128
LÜ S J.The influence of different stocking rates on plant community stability of Stipa breviflora desert steppe[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2020:45-65 吕世杰. 不同载畜率对短花针茅荒漠草原植物群落稳定性的影响[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2020:45-65
LI X F,WANG J,XU W B,et al. Allelopathic effects of Artemisia frigida on three Poaceae plants seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010,21(7):1702-1708 李雪枫,王坚,许文博,等. 冷蒿对三种禾本科植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用[J]. 应用生态学报,2010,21(7):1702-1708
ELMQVIST T, FOLKE C, NYSTROM M, et al. Response Diversity, Ecosystem Change, and Resilience[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2003,1(9):488-494
O’NEILL R V. A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986:36-42
SCHEFFER M,CARPENTER S,FOLEY J A,et al. Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems[J]. Nature,2001,413(6856):591-596
SINCLAIR S J,ZAMIN T,GIBSON-ROY P,et al. A state-and-transition model to guide grassland management[J]. Australian Journal of Botany,2019,67(5):437-453
KÉFI S,GUTTAL V,BROCK W A,et al. Early warning signals of ecological transitions: methods for spatial patterns[J]. PloS one,2014,9(3):e92097
TILMAN D. Biodiversity: population versus ecosystem stability[J]. Ecology,1996,77(2):350-363
HOLLING C S. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems[J]. Ecosystems,2001,4(5):390-405
ALLINGTON G R H,VALONE T J. Reversal of desertification: the role of physical and chemical soil properties[J]. Journal of Arid Environments,2009,74(8):973-977)
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草地学报 |研究论文 2026 , 34 (6) : 2261 -2268
荒漠草原植物群落状态转移随载畜率的变化规律
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郭志成1, 张博涵1, 吕世杰1
作者信息
    1 内蒙古农业大学草业学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018
作者简介:
郭志成(1973-),男,汉族,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,讲师,主要从事草地保护研究,E-mail:guozhichengnmg@sina.com
The State Transition of Plant Community with Grazing Intensity in Desert Steppe
  • GUO Zhi-cheng1, ZHANG Bo-han1, LÜ Shi-jie1
  • Affiliations
      1 College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China
    doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.028
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    为阐明载畜率升高对荒漠草原植物群落状态转移的多层级驱动机制,本研究依托内蒙古短花针茅荒漠草原长期放牧控制平台(2004—今),设置无牧(CK)、轻度放牧(LG,0.91羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)、中度放牧(MG,1.82羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)和重度放牧(HG,2.71羊单位·hm-2·半年-1)4个载畜率梯度,基于代表性样地145个监测样方数据构建状态转移概率矩阵,整合物种互作网络、功能群演替及植物科闭合性分析。结果表明:(1)LG→MG阶段植物种群网络复杂性达峰值(孤立物种仅4种),而HG阶段核心物种减少(如Teloxys aristata消失)、孤立物种激增至15种;(2)随载畜率升高,灌木半灌木(SS)和多年生杂类草(PF)向多年生禾草(PG)转移概率增加,而PG→一二年生植物(AB)转移概率在HG阶段增幅超30%;(3)禾本科(POA)接收能力随载畜率增大而增强,但菊科(AST)生物量占比下降。总之,载畜率>1.82羊单位·hm-2·半年-1触发群落退化临界点,而适度放牧(LG~MG)通过物种冗余、功能群资源优化及植物科间转移闭环维持群落稳定性。本研究为荒漠草原退化预警和精准恢复提供了多维度理论依据。
    荒漠草原  /  载畜率  /  状态转移  /  功能群演替  /  多稳态维持
    To elucidate the multilevel drivers of stocking rate increase on plant community state transition in desert steppe, this study was performed in a long-term grazing manipulation platform (2004-present) in Stipa breviflora desert steppe of Inner Mongolia. Four grazing intensity treatments were established: no grazing (CK), light grazing (LG,0.91 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1), moderate grazing (MG, 1.82 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1), and heavy grazing (HG, 2.71 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1). Based on data from 145 monitored quadrats in representative plots, a state transition probability matrix was constructed, integrating species interaction networks, functional group succession, and plant family closure analysis. The results showed that: (1) Plant population network complexity peaked during the stage of LG transition to MG (with only 4 isolated species), whereas core species (e.g., the disappearance of Teloxys aristata) reduced and isolated species sharply increased to 15 at the HG stage; (2) As stocking rate increased, the transition probabilities from shrub-subshrub (SS) and perennial forbs (PF) to perennial grasses (PG) rose, while the transition probability from PG to annual-biennial plants (AB) increased by more than 30% under HG; (3) The receiving capacity of the Poaceae (POA) strengthened with increasing stocking rate, whereas the biomass proportion of Asteraceae (AST) declined. In summary, a stocking rate exceeding 1.82 sheep units·hm-2·half-year-1 triggered the critical threshold for community degradation. In contrast, moderate grazing (LG-MG) maintained community stability through species redundancy, optimized resource allocation among functional groups, and the formation of closed-loop transitions between plant families. This study provides a multidimensional theoretical foundation for early warning of desert steppe degradation and targeted restoration.
    Desert steppe  /  Stocking rates  /  State transition  /  Functional group succession  /  Multistable maintenance
    郭志成, 张博涵, 吕世杰. 荒漠草原植物群落状态转移随载畜率的变化规律. 草地学报, 2026 , 34 (6) : 2261 -2268 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.028
    GUO Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Bo-han, LÜ Shi-jie. The State Transition of Plant Community with Grazing Intensity in Desert Steppe[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026 , 34 (6) : 2261 -2268 . DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.028

      国家自然科学基金项目 (32260352); 林业科研能力提升项目 (104004002); 一流学科科研专项 (YLXKZX-NND-032); 创新平台载体(人才)计划项目“内蒙古自治区草地管理与利用重点实验室 (2022PT0003)

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    GUO T T. Trait-dependent shifts in plant community composition under defoliation[J]. Oikos, 2024,133(2):e10432
    ZHANG B H, LÜ S J,QÜ Z Q,et al. Effects of stocking rates on land surface characteristics and wind-blown sand fluxes during growing season in Desert Steppe[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland,2023,45(4):33-41
    ZHANG B H,QÜ Z Q, LÜ S J,et al. Grazing effects on total carbon and nitrogen content of wind-eroded soils in desert steppe[J]. Land Degradation & Development,2023(10):1-15
    DELSERONE L M. World reference base (WRB) for soil resources[J]. Reference Reviews,2010,24(2):50-51
    WEI Z J,WU G L,LIU Y F,et al. Theoretical stocking rate models for Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2000,9(4):35-41
    CONNELL J H. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs[J]. Science,1978,199(4335):1302-1310
    HUSTON M. A general hypothesis of species diversity[J]. The American Naturalist,1979,113(1):81-101
    BOULANGER V,DUPOUEY J L,ARCHAUX F,et al. Ungulates increase forest plant species richness to the benefit of non-forest specialists[J]. Global Change Biology,2017,24(2):485-495
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    DOS SANTOS D,JONER F,SHIPLEY B,et al. Crop functional diversity drives multiple ecosystem functions during early agroforestry succession[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,58(8):1718-1727
    YUAN J H, LI H Y, YANG Y F. The compensatory tillering in the forage grass Hordeum brevisubulatum after simulated grazing of different severity[J]. Front Plant Sciences,2020,11(1):792
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    2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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    鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
    小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
    多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
    红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
    小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
    光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
    红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
    栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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