Article(id=1309575092779184864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575072856240766, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=1756396800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790156632846, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790156632846, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790156632846, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790156632846, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309575072856240766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, year='2026', volume='34', issue='6', pageStart='1963', pageEnd='2340', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781452800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790156628097, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790156954064, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309576440438419817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575072856240766, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309576440438419818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309575072856240766, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2217, endPage=2228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309575094335271650, articleId=1309575092779184864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal Evolution of Vegetation Patterns and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Yin Mountain Region of Inner Mongolia, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Agrestia Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a key indicator for characterizing vegetation activity and understanding the processes of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. Investigating its response to climate change helps deepen the understanding of vegetation-climate interaction mechanisms. This study focused on the Yin Mountain region of Inner Mongolia. Utilizing MODIS EVI datasets and meteorological data from 2001 to 2021, and employing methods such as trend analysis, partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation EVI and climatic factors in the region, and revealed the influence mechanisms of wind speed, precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation on EVI changes. The results indicated that from 2001 onwards, the annual mean EVI in the study area showed a fluctuating yet significantly increasing trend, with a slope of 0.002 74 per year (P<0.01). The EVI increased from 0.172 in 2001 to 0.256 in 2021, representing a growth rate of 48.8%. Spatially, EVI increased gradually from northwest to southeast, with most areas showing a significant increasing trend, and the highest slope (>0.012) was observed in the south. Regarding the influencing mechanisms, EVI in the western and southern parts was primarily driven by wind speed and in the east by radiation, while in the north, it was jointly influenced by precipitation, radiation, and temperature. This research provides valuable insights for formulating regional ecological restoration policies., authors=HU Jing-yao1,2, WU You-fu3, WANG Zong-sen2, LIU Bao-long4, ZHANG Ge-yu2, WEN Zhong-ming2, LIU Yang-yang1,2, HU Er-cha1,5, ZHAO Ying-han2, LIU Chen-ming5, authorsList=HU Jing-yao, WU You-fu, WANG Zong-sen, LIU Bao-long, ZHANG Ge-yu, WEN Zhong-ming, LIU Yang-yang, HU Er-cha, ZHAO Ying-han, LIU Chen-ming, authorCompany=1 Inner Mongolia Daqingshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China; 2 College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; 3 Geothermal and Geological Party, Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lhasa, Xizang 850000, China; 4 Changqing Oilfield Branch First Oil Production Plant, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province 716009, China; 5 Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309575094226219745, articleId=1309575092779184864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=CN, title=内蒙古阴山地区植被格局时空演变及其与气候因子的关系, columnId=1309565024058835950, journalTitle=草地学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=增强型植被指数(Enhanced vegetation index,EVI)是表征植被活动、理解陆地生态系统碳循环过程的关键指标。探究其对气候变化的响应有助于加深对植被-气候互作机制的理解。本研究以内蒙古阴山地区为研究区,基于2001-2021年中等分辨率成像光谱仪增强型植被指数(Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer enhanced vegetation index,MODIS EVI)数据集和气象数据,综合运用趋势分析、偏相关分析、多元线性回归以及偏最小二乘结构方程模型(Partial least squares structural equation modeling,PLS-SEM)等方法,分析了该地区植被EVI与气候因子的时空变化规律,并揭示了风速、降水量、温度、太阳辐射对EVI变化的影响机制。结果表明:2001年以来,研究区植被年均EVI总体呈显著波动上升趋势,增长斜率为0.002 74·a-1(P<0.01)。EVI从2001年的0.172上升至2021年的0.256,增长率达48.8%。空间上,EVI自西北向东南逐渐增大,大部分区域呈显著增长趋势,南部增长斜率最高(>0.012)。在影响机制上,西部和南部EVI的主导因子为风速,东部为辐射,北部则受降水、辐射和温度共同影响。本研究对区域生态恢复政策的制定具有重要参考价值。, authors=胡静瑶1,2, 吴友福3, 王宗森2, 刘宝龙4, 张格语2, 温仲明2, 刘洋洋1,2, 胡尔查1,5, 赵英涵2, 刘辰明5, authorsList=胡静瑶, 吴友福, 王宗森, 刘宝龙, 张格语, 温仲明, 刘洋洋, 胡尔查, 赵英涵, 刘辰明, authorCompany=1 内蒙古大青山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010; 2 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100; 3 西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局地热地质大队, 西藏 拉萨 850000; 4 长庆油田分公司第一采油厂, 陕西 延安 716009; 5 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=胡静瑶(2002-),女,汉族,浙江温州人,本科生,主要从事草地动态遥感监测及其驱动机制研究,E-mail:1614184590@qq.com, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=3pRMR+VvmuIZmRh/oUAyyQ==, pdfFileSize=9797275, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院开放课题 (KF2024MS04); 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院科研能力提升“揭榜挂帅”项目 (2024NLTS01); 陕西省林业科技创新重点专项 (SXLK2023-02-14))}, authors=[Author(id=1320576253472653627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, articleId=1309575092779184864, orderNo=null, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=null, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=null, authorType=null, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=null, tenantId=null, journalId=1308397196074385509, articleId=1309575092779184864, authorId=1320576253472653627, language=EN, stringName=HU Jing-yao, WU You-fu, WANG Zong-sen, LIU Bao-long, ZHANG Ge-yu, WEN Zhong-ming, LIU Yang-yang, HU Er-cha, ZHAO Ying-han, LIU Chen-ming, 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aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1781452800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=TAN S H,YE Z H,YE Z L,et al. Impacts of forage land construction on grassland vegetation coverage at herders’ scale in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(22):10044-10054 谭淑豪,叶卓卉,叶子龙,等. 北方农牧交错带牧户饲草地建设对草原植被覆盖的影响[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(22):10044-10054 QU L L,HUANG Y X,YANG L F,et al. Vegetation restoration in response to climatic and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2020,30(1):89-100 SARKAR S K,ANSAR S B,EKRAM K M M,et al. Developing robust flood susceptibility model with small numbers of parameters in highly fertile regions of northwest Bangladesh for sustainable flood and agriculture management[J]. Sustainability,2022,14(7):3982 LI F,ZHOU G S,CAO M C. Responses of Larix gmelinii geographical distribution to future climate change: A simulation study[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(12):2255-2260 李峰,周广胜,曹铭昌. 兴安落叶松地理分布对气候变化响应的模拟[J]. 应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2255-2260 YANG M X,LI J,TONG X J,et al. Response of forest vegetation Enhanced Vegetation Index to climatic factors in China in 2001—2020[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(23):10850-10863 杨铭鑫,李俊,同小娟,等. 2001—2020年中国森林植被EVI对气候因子的响应[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(23):10850-10863 LIU C X,WANG L Q,XU H,et al. The impact of vegetation cover on summer urban heat island effect in China from 2001 to 2021[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(24):11020-11034 刘宸瑄,王丽群,许行,等. 2001—2021年中国植被覆盖对夏季城市热岛效应的影响[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(24):11020-11034 YANG M,HE Z H,PI G N,et al. Spatiotemporal variations in MODIS EVI and MODIS LAI and the responses to meteorological drought across different slope conditions in karst mountain regions[J]. Sustainability,2024,16(17):7870 CHEN J H,YANG H,JIN T Y,et al. Assessment of terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to climate change in arid,semi-arid,sub-humid,and humid regions using EVI,LAI,and SIF products[J]. Ecological Indicators,2024,158:111511 HE D,YI G H,ZHANG T B,et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of EVI and its response to climatic factors in recent 16 years based on grey relational analysis in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,China[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(6):961 GU Z N,ZHANG Z,HU K H,et al. Analysis on the normalized difference vegetation index change and influence factors in Anhui Province based on structural equation model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2022,22(28):12259-12267 谷正楠,张震,胡克宏,等. 基于结构方程模型的安徽省归一化植被指数变化及影响因素分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,2022,22(28):12259-12267 LIU X H,ZHANG C X,WAN F. Achievements and problems of ecological environment construction in western Inner Mongolia[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry Investation and Design,2002,25(3):19-20,45 刘欣华,张春霞,万芳. 内蒙古西部地区生态环境建设的成就与问题[J]. 内蒙古林业调查设计,2002,25(3):19-20,45 ZHOU Y,MA L,LIU T X,et al. Changes of minimum temperature recorded by Juniperus. tree ring chronology during 192a in the Yinshan Mountains area of China[J]. Mountain Research,2021,39(3):316-326 周莹,马龙,刘廷玺,等. 杜松树轮年表记录的192 a阴山地区最低气温变化[J]. 山地学报,2021,39(3):316-326 YAN W J. Study on the changes of natural environment in Yinshan mountain[D]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University,2022:93 闫文杰. 阴山自然环境变迁研究[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学,2022:93 LI R,FAN M S,ZHENG H C,et al. Evaluation of potato fertilization based on yield level in Yinshan region of Inner Mongolia[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2020(6):181-188 李瑞,樊明寿,郑海春,等. 基于产量水平的内蒙古阴山地区马铃薯施肥评价[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2020(6):181-188 CAO X J,SHEN X Y,SHEN Q,et al. Responses of forests to pest and drought disturbance in Mojiang county,Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2018,38(7):57-63 曹雪佳,沈欣悦,沈亲,等. 云南省墨江县森林对虫害和干旱干扰的响应特征[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(7):57-63 KHAN M S,LIAQAT U W,BAIK J,et al. Stand-alone uncertainty characterization of GLEAM,GLDAS and MOD16 evapotranspiration products using an extended triple collocation approach[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,252:256-268 DENG X Y,LIU Y,LIU Z H,et al. Temporal-spatial dynamic change characteristics of evapotranspiration in arid region of Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(9):2994-3008 邓兴耀,刘洋,刘志辉,等. 中国西北干旱区蒸散发时空动态特征[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(9):2994-3008 XIE H,TONG X J,LI J,et al. Changes of NDVI and EVI and their responses to climatic variables in the Yellow River Basin during the growing season of 2000—2018[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(11):4536-4549 解晗,同小娟,李俊,等. 2000—2018年黄河流域生长季植被指数变化及其对气候因子的响应[J]. 生态学报,2022,42(11):4536-4549 YIN Y X,XU C Y,CHEN H S,et al. Trend and concentration characteristics of precipitation and related climatic teleconnections from 1982 to 2010 in the Beas River basin,India[J]. Global and Planetary Change,2016,145:116-129 MU S J,LI J L,CHEN Y Z,et al. Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268 穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268 HENSELER J,SARSTEDT M. Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling[J]. Computational Statistics,2013,28(2):565-580 SARSTEDT M,RINGLE C M. Structural equation models: from paths to networks (Westland 2019)[J]. Psychometrika,2020,85(3):841-844 WANG Q,CHEN Y,RUAN X R,et al. The changes of NDVI in China from 1982 to 2012 and its relationship with climatic factors[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):691-700 王茜,陈莹,阮玺睿,等. 1982—2012年中国NDVI变化及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 草地学报,2017,25(4):691-700 SUN R,ZHANG F M,WENG S H,et al. Spatio-temporal changes of NDVI and its response to climate in China from 2001 to 2021[J]. China Environmental Science,2023,43(10):5519-5528 孙瑞,张方敏,翁升恒,等. 2001—2021年中国NDVI时空格局变化及对气候的响应[J]. 中国环境科学,2023,43(10):5519-5528 WANG X,JIA G D,DENG W P,et al. Long-term water use characteristics and patterns of typical tree species in seasonal drought regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,32(6):1943-1950 王欣,贾国栋,邓文平,等. 季节性干旱地区典型树种长期水分利用特征与模式[J]. 应用生态学报,2021,32(6):1943-1950 GENG Q G. Overview of national climate in 2003[C]//Proceedings of 2004 National Academic Conference on Natural Disaster Prediction Summary. Beijing: Chinese Geophysical Society, 2004: 64-67 耿庆国. 2003年全国气候概况[C]//2004全国天灾预测总结学术会议文集. 北京: 中国地球物理学会, 2004: 64-67 ZHANG X Y,WANG X Y,ZOHNER C M,et al. Declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation[J]. Nature Communications,2025,16:910 WANG X,LIU X Y,MU Y M,et al. Changes in vegetation phenology and its responses to climatic factors in the Mu Us Desert[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2023,45(7):61-75 王鑫,刘新月,母艳梅,等. 毛乌素沙地植被物候变化及其对气候的响应[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2023,45(7):61-75 SUN G P,LIU X F,WANG X H,et al. Changes in vegetation coverage and its influencing factors across the Yellow River Basin during 2001-2020[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2021,41(4):205-212 孙高鹏,刘宪锋,王小红,等. 2001—2020年黄河流域植被覆盖变化及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠,2021,41(4):205-212 HU Z Y,ZHOU J J,ZHANG L L,et al. Climate dry-wet change and drought evolution characteristics of different dry-wet areas in northern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(6):1908-1919 胡子瑛,周俊菊,张利利,等. 中国北方气候干湿变化及干旱演变特征[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(6):1908-1919 WANG B X,HUANG J C,WANG H. Effects of light intensity and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in leaves of Caragana korshinskii kom during different growth seasons[J]. Journal of Desert Research,1996,16(2):145-148 王邦锡,黄久常,王辉. 不同生长季节光照强度和温度对柠条叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的影响[J]. 中国沙漠,1996,16(2):145-148)
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Vegetation Patterns and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Yin Mountain Region of Inner Mongolia
HU Jing-yao, WU You-fu, WANG Zong-sen, LIU Bao-long, ZHANG Ge-yu, WEN Zhong-ming, LIU Yang-yang, HU Er-cha, ZHAO Ying-han, LIU Chen-ming
Affiliations
1 Inner Mongolia Daqingshan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China; 2 College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A& F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; 3 Geothermal and Geological Party, Tibet Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development, Lhasa, Xizang 850000, China; 4 Changqing Oilfield Branch First Oil Production Plant, Yan'an, Shaanxi Province 716009, China; 5 Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China
The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) is a key indicator for characterizing vegetation activity and understanding the processes of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. Investigating its response to climate change helps deepen the understanding of vegetation-climate interaction mechanisms. This study focused on the Yin Mountain region of Inner Mongolia. Utilizing MODIS EVI datasets and meteorological data from 2001 to 2021, and employing methods such as trend analysis, partial correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation EVI and climatic factors in the region, and revealed the influence mechanisms of wind speed, precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation on EVI changes. The results indicated that from 2001 onwards, the annual mean EVI in the study area showed a fluctuating yet significantly increasing trend, with a slope of 0.002 74 per year (P<0.01). The EVI increased from 0.172 in 2001 to 0.256 in 2021, representing a growth rate of 48.8%. Spatially, EVI increased gradually from northwest to southeast, with most areas showing a significant increasing trend, and the highest slope (>0.012) was observed in the south. Regarding the influencing mechanisms, EVI in the western and southern parts was primarily driven by wind speed and in the east by radiation, while in the north, it was jointly influenced by precipitation, radiation, and temperature. This research provides valuable insights for formulating regional ecological restoration policies.
Key words
EVI
/
Climatic factors
/
Yin Mountain region
/
Spatiotemporal variation
HU Jing-yao, WU You-fu, WANG Zong-sen, LIU Bao-long, ZHANG Ge-yu, WEN Zhong-ming, LIU Yang-yang, HU Er-cha, ZHAO Ying-han, LIU Chen-ming.
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Vegetation Patterns and Their Relationship with Climatic Factors in the Yin Mountain Region of Inner Mongolia[J].
Acta Agrestia Sinica,
2026
, 34
(6)
: 2217
-2228
.
DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.024
TAN S H,YE Z H,YE Z L,et al. Impacts of forage land construction on grassland vegetation coverage at herders’ scale in the farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(22):10044-10054 谭淑豪,叶卓卉,叶子龙,等. 北方农牧交错带牧户饲草地建设对草原植被覆盖的影响[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(22):10044-10054 QU L L,HUANG Y X,YANG L F,et al. Vegetation restoration in response to climatic and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau,China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2020,30(1):89-100 SARKAR S K,ANSAR S B,EKRAM K M M,et al. Developing robust flood susceptibility model with small numbers of parameters in highly fertile regions of northwest Bangladesh for sustainable flood and agriculture management[J]. Sustainability,2022,14(7):3982 LI F,ZHOU G S,CAO M C. Responses of Larix gmelinii geographical distribution to future climate change: A simulation study[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(12):2255-2260 李峰,周广胜,曹铭昌. 兴安落叶松地理分布对气候变化响应的模拟[J]. 应用生态学报,2006,17(12):2255-2260 YANG M X,LI J,TONG X J,et al. Response of forest vegetation Enhanced Vegetation Index to climatic factors in China in 2001—2020[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(23):10850-10863 杨铭鑫,李俊,同小娟,等. 2001—2020年中国森林植被EVI对气候因子的响应[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(23):10850-10863 LIU C X,WANG L Q,XU H,et al. The impact of vegetation cover on summer urban heat island effect in China from 2001 to 2021[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2024,44(24):11020-11034 刘宸瑄,王丽群,许行,等. 2001—2021年中国植被覆盖对夏季城市热岛效应的影响[J]. 生态学报,2024,44(24):11020-11034 YANG M,HE Z H,PI G N,et al. Spatiotemporal variations in MODIS EVI and MODIS LAI and the responses to meteorological drought across different slope conditions in karst mountain regions[J]. Sustainability,2024,16(17):7870 CHEN J H,YANG H,JIN T Y,et al. Assessment of terrestrial ecosystem sensitivity to climate change in arid,semi-arid,sub-humid,and humid regions using EVI,LAI,and SIF products[J]. Ecological Indicators,2024,158:111511 HE D,YI G H,ZHANG T B,et al. Temporal and spatial characteristics of EVI and its response to climatic factors in recent 16 years based on grey relational analysis in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,China[J]. Remote Sensing,2018,10(6):961 GU Z N,ZHANG Z,HU K H,et al. Analysis on the normalized difference vegetation index change and influence factors in Anhui Province based on structural equation model[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2022,22(28):12259-12267 谷正楠,张震,胡克宏,等. 基于结构方程模型的安徽省归一化植被指数变化及影响因素分析[J]. 科学技术与工程,2022,22(28):12259-12267 LIU X H,ZHANG C X,WAN F. Achievements and problems of ecological environment construction in western Inner Mongolia[J]. Inner Mongolia Forestry Investation and Design,2002,25(3):19-20,45 刘欣华,张春霞,万芳. 内蒙古西部地区生态环境建设的成就与问题[J]. 内蒙古林业调查设计,2002,25(3):19-20,45 ZHOU Y,MA L,LIU T X,et al. Changes of minimum temperature recorded by Juniperus. tree ring chronology during 192a in the Yinshan Mountains area of China[J]. Mountain Research,2021,39(3):316-326 周莹,马龙,刘廷玺,等. 杜松树轮年表记录的192 a阴山地区最低气温变化[J]. 山地学报,2021,39(3):316-326 YAN W J. Study on the changes of natural environment in Yinshan mountain[D]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University,2022:93 闫文杰. 阴山自然环境变迁研究[D]. 西安:陕西师范大学,2022:93 LI R,FAN M S,ZHENG H C,et al. Evaluation of potato fertilization based on yield level in Yinshan region of Inner Mongolia[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2020(6):181-188 李瑞,樊明寿,郑海春,等. 基于产量水平的内蒙古阴山地区马铃薯施肥评价[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2020(6):181-188 CAO X J,SHEN X Y,SHEN Q,et al. Responses of forests to pest and drought disturbance in Mojiang county,Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2018,38(7):57-63 曹雪佳,沈欣悦,沈亲,等. 云南省墨江县森林对虫害和干旱干扰的响应特征[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(7):57-63 KHAN M S,LIAQAT U W,BAIK J,et al. Stand-alone uncertainty characterization of GLEAM,GLDAS and MOD16 evapotranspiration products using an extended triple collocation approach[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2018,252:256-268 DENG X Y,LIU Y,LIU Z H,et al. Temporal-spatial dynamic change characteristics of evapotranspiration in arid region of Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(9):2994-3008 邓兴耀,刘洋,刘志辉,等. 中国西北干旱区蒸散发时空动态特征[J]. 生态学报,2017,37(9):2994-3008 XIE H,TONG X J,LI J,et al. Changes of NDVI and EVI and their responses to climatic variables in the Yellow River Basin during the growing season of 2000—2018[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(11):4536-4549 解晗,同小娟,李俊,等. 2000—2018年黄河流域生长季植被指数变化及其对气候因子的响应[J]. 生态学报,2022,42(11):4536-4549 YIN Y X,XU C Y,CHEN H S,et al. Trend and concentration characteristics of precipitation and related climatic teleconnections from 1982 to 2010 in the Beas River basin,India[J]. Global and Planetary Change,2016,145:116-129 MU S J,LI J L,CHEN Y Z,et al. Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(9):1255-1268 穆少杰,李建龙,陈奕兆,等. 2001—2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报,2012,67(9):1255-1268 HENSELER J,SARSTEDT M. Goodness-of-fit indices for partial least squares path modeling[J]. Computational Statistics,2013,28(2):565-580 SARSTEDT M,RINGLE C M. Structural equation models: from paths to networks (Westland 2019)[J]. Psychometrika,2020,85(3):841-844 WANG Q,CHEN Y,RUAN X R,et al. The changes of NDVI in China from 1982 to 2012 and its relationship with climatic factors[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica,2017,25(4):691-700 王茜,陈莹,阮玺睿,等. 1982—2012年中国NDVI变化及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 草地学报,2017,25(4):691-700 SUN R,ZHANG F M,WENG S H,et al. Spatio-temporal changes of NDVI and its response to climate in China from 2001 to 2021[J]. China Environmental Science,2023,43(10):5519-5528 孙瑞,张方敏,翁升恒,等. 2001—2021年中国NDVI时空格局变化及对气候的响应[J]. 中国环境科学,2023,43(10):5519-5528 WANG X,JIA G D,DENG W P,et al. Long-term water use characteristics and patterns of typical tree species in seasonal drought regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,32(6):1943-1950 王欣,贾国栋,邓文平,等. 季节性干旱地区典型树种长期水分利用特征与模式[J]. 应用生态学报,2021,32(6):1943-1950 GENG Q G. Overview of national climate in 2003[C]//Proceedings of 2004 National Academic Conference on Natural Disaster Prediction Summary. Beijing: Chinese Geophysical Society, 2004: 64-67 耿庆国. 2003年全国气候概况[C]//2004全国天灾预测总结学术会议文集. 北京: 中国地球物理学会, 2004: 64-67 ZHANG X Y,WANG X Y,ZOHNER C M,et al. Declining precipitation frequency may drive earlier leaf senescence by intensifying drought stress and enhancing drought acclimation[J]. Nature Communications,2025,16:910 WANG X,LIU X Y,MU Y M,et al. Changes in vegetation phenology and its responses to climatic factors in the Mu Us Desert[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2023,45(7):61-75 王鑫,刘新月,母艳梅,等. 毛乌素沙地植被物候变化及其对气候的响应[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2023,45(7):61-75 SUN G P,LIU X F,WANG X H,et al. Changes in vegetation coverage and its influencing factors across the Yellow River Basin during 2001-2020[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2021,41(4):205-212 孙高鹏,刘宪锋,王小红,等. 2001—2020年黄河流域植被覆盖变化及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠,2021,41(4):205-212 HU Z Y,ZHOU J J,ZHANG L L,et al. Climate dry-wet change and drought evolution characteristics of different dry-wet areas in northern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(6):1908-1919 胡子瑛,周俊菊,张利利,等. 中国北方气候干湿变化及干旱演变特征[J]. 生态学报,2018,38(6):1908-1919 WANG B X,HUANG J C,WANG H. Effects of light intensity and temperature on photosynthesis and respiration in leaves of Caragana korshinskii kom during different growth seasons[J]. Journal of Desert Research,1996,16(2):145-148 王邦锡,黄久常,王辉. 不同生长季节光照强度和温度对柠条叶片光合作用和呼吸作用的影响[J]. 中国沙漠,1996,16(2):145-148