Article(id=1309573282488221840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309573278520406630, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.05.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=0, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753891200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-31, revisedDate=1757606400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1790156201240, onlineDateStr=2026-09-23, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790156201240, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790156201240, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790156201240, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1309573278520406630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, year='2026', volume='34', issue='5', pageStart='1557', pageEnd='1962', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790156200293, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790156821973, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1309575886110814336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309573278520406630, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1309575886115008641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, issueId=1309573278520406630, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1584, endPage=1596, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1309573284077863058, articleId=1309573282488221840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=EN, title=Transcriptome Analysis of Pennisetum glaucum Seeds at Different Developmental Stages, columnId=null, journalTitle=Acta Agrestia Sinica, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=To better understand the gene regulatory network during seed development in Pennisetum glaucum, this study performed transcriptome analysis using seeds at the flowering stage (F) and grain-filling stages (S1, S2, S3). The results revealed the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the S1 vs F comparison, totaling 7166. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that plant hormone signal transduction, starch biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis played important roles in seed development, with 160, 19, and 51 DEGs enriched in these pathways, respectively. These genes exhibited stage-specific high expression during seed development; among which, AUX1 and GID1 were highly expressed in early seed development, while ethylene signaling genes (ETR, EIN2, EIN3) increased in expression as seeds matured. Among the DEGs, 859 transcription factors (TFs) were identified, including members of AP2/ERF and bHLH families, primarily involved in seed development-related pathways such as plant hormone signaling and circadian rhythm. This study constructed a gene expression profile for P. glaucum seeds development based on transcriptome data from different stages, providing a reference for further research of its molecular mechanism., authors=LIU Ya-nan1, TIAN Hao-qi1, LIANG Xiao-yu1, HU Yuan-bin1, ZHANG Jing1, FENG Guang-yan2, JI Yang1, authorsList=LIU Ya-nan, TIAN Hao-qi, LIANG Xiao-yu, HU Yuan-bin, ZHANG Jing, FENG Guang-yan, JI Yang, authorCompany=1 Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610066, China; 2 College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, China, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1309573283717152913, articleId=1309573282488221840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1308397196074385509, language=CN, title=美洲狼尾草种子不同发育时期的转录组分析, columnId=1309565024058835950, journalTitle=草地学报, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=为更好地了解美洲狼尾草(Pennisetum glaucum L.)种子发育过程中的基因调控网络,本研究以开花期(F)和灌浆期(S₁,S₂,S₃)的美洲狼尾草籽粒为材料进行转录分析,结果显示,S₁ vs F时期差异表达基因数量最多,为7166个。通路富集分析表明,植物激素信号转导、淀粉生物合成及苯丙烷生物合成在种子发育中具有重要作用,分别有160,19,51个差异基因富集到以上途径,它们在种子发育过程中阶段性高表达,其中AUX1和GID1在种子发育前期高表达,而乙烯信号通路基因(ETR,EIN2,EIN3)的表达随种子成熟上调。差异表达基因中鉴定到包含AP2/ERF、bHLH家族成员在内的859个转录因子,其主要参与植物激素信号转导、昼夜节律等与种子发育相关途径。本研究基于不同时期的转录组数据构建了美洲狼尾草种子发育基因表达谱,为进一步探究其分子机制提供参考。, authors=刘亚男1, 田浩琦1, 梁小玉1, 胡远彬1, 张靓1, 冯光燕2, 季杨1, authorsList=刘亚男, 田浩琦, 梁小玉, 胡远彬, 张靓, 冯光燕, 季杨, authorCompany=1 四川省畜牧科学研究院, 四川 成都 610066; 2 四川农业大学草业科技学院, 四川 成都 610000, correspAuthors=null, 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Genome-wide analysis of the complex transcriptional networks of rice developing seeds[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2):e31081 CAO Y W, HAN Z G, ZHANG Z Y, et al. UDP-glucosyltransferase 71C4 controls the flux of phenylpropanoid metabolism to shape cotton seed development[J]. Plant Communications, 2024, 5(8):100938 LOCASCIO A, ROIG-VILLANOVA I, BERNARDI J, et al. Current perspectives on the hormonal control of seed development in Arabidopsis and maize: a focus on auxin[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014, 5:412 ZHANG K L, CAO W Z, BASKIN J M, et al. Seed development in Paeonia ostii (Paeoniaceae), with particular reference to embryogeny[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1):603 VERMA S, ATTULURI V P S, ROBERT H S. Transcriptional control of Arabidopsis seed development[J]. Planta, 2022, 255(4):90 GOMEZ M D, CORED I, BARRO-TRASTOY D, et al. DELLA proteins positively regulate seed size in Arabidopsis[J]. Development (Cambridge, England), 2023, 150(15):dev201853 JIANG H, KÖHLER C. Evolution, function, and regulation of genomic imprinting in plant seed development[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012, 63(13):4713-4722 MEGA R, KIM J S, TANAKA H, et al. Metabolic and transcriptomic profiling during wheat seed development under progressive drought conditions[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1):15001-15014 YI F, GU W, CHEN J, et al. High temporal-resolution transcriptome landscape of early maize seed development[J]. The Plant Cell, 2019, 31(5):974-992 ZHANG H Y, HU Z B, YANG Y M, et al. Transcriptome profiling reveals the spatial-temporal dynamics of gene expression essential for soybean seed development[J]. BMC Genomics, 2021, 22(1):453 XIANG D Q, QUILICHINI T D, LIU Z Y, et al. The transcriptional landscape of polyploid wheats and their diploid ancestors during embryogenesis and grain development[J]. The Plant Cell, 2019, 31(12):2888-2911 HU Y, LIU Y, LU L, et al. Global analysis of seed transcriptomes reveals a novel PLATZ regulator for seed size and weight control in soybean[J]. New Phytologist, 2023, 240(6):2436-2454 YAN H D, SUN M, ZHANG Z R, et al. Pangenomic analysis identifies structural variation associated with heat tolerance in pearl millet[J]. Nature Genetics, 2023, 55(3):507-518 DING C L, BAI S J, GU H R, et al. Utilization of grain pearl millet in diets of livestock and poultry[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2000, 6(19):14-16 丁成龙, 白淑娟, 顾洪如, 等. 珍珠粟在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2000, 6(19):14-16 LUO L X, ZHOU T, XU Q, et al. Bioinformatics analysis of GATA family of Pennisetum glaucum[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2):391-400 罗李旋, 周涛, 徐倩, 等. 美洲狼尾草GATA转录因子家族生物信息学分析[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 33(2):391-400 CHEN S F, ZHOU Y Q, CHEN Y R, et al. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor[J]. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2018, 34(17):i884-i890 KIM D, LANGMEAD B, SALZBERG S L. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements[J]. Nature Methods, 2015, 12(4):357-360 PERTEA M, PERTEA G M, ANTONESCU C M, et al. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2015, 33(3):290-295 LIAO Y, SMYTH G K, SHI W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features[J]. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2014, 30(7):923-930 WU T Z, HU E Q, XU S B, et al. clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data[J]. Innovation (Cambridge (Mass)), 2021, 2(3):100141 LIU L, LONG C, HAO X R, et al. Identification of key genes involved in lignin and flavonoid accumulation during Tilia tuan seed maturation[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2024, 43(8):205 LYU S Y, ZHU Z H, YU X Y, et al. Phenylpropanoid metabolites mediate antiviral defense and vector resistance in rice infected with RRSV, RGSV, and SRBSDV[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2025, 48(8):6170-6184 ZHOU R N, WANG S, LI J, et al. Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses reveal that GmESR1 increases soybean seed protein content through the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway[J/OL]. Plant, Cell & Environment, doi: 10.1111/pce.15250, 2024-11-01/2025-7-30 SUN Z H, LU Q, LI H F, et al. Identification of regulatory networks of transcription factors at different seed developmental stages in peanut[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024266, 2025-01-13/2025-07-30 孙志辉, 鲁清, 李海芬, 等. 花生种子不同发育阶段的转录因子调控网络鉴定[J/OL]. 中国油料作物学报, https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024266, 2025-01-13/2025-07-30 HUANG J, DENG J, SHI T X, et al. Global transcriptome analysis and identification of genes involved in nutrients accumulation during seed development of rice Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):11792-11805 LI N, XU R, LI Y. Molecular networks of seed size control in plants[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2019, 70:435-463 YAO Y J, XIONG E H, QU X L, et al. WGCNA and transcriptome profiling reveal hub genes for key development stage seed size/oil content between wild and cultivated soybean[J]. BMC Genomics, 2023, 24(1):494 SCHRUFF M C, SPIELMAN M, TIWARI S, et al. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs[J]. Development (Cambridge, England), 2006, 133(2):251-261 YOSHIDA T, CHRISTMANN A, YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI K, et al. Revisiting the basal role of ABA-roles outside of stress[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2019, 24(7):625-635 GUPTA K, WANI S H, RAZZAQ A, et al. Abscisic acid: role in fruit development and ripening[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13:817500 NAKASHIMA K, FUJITA Y, KANAMORI N, et al. Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 protein kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy[J]. Plant Cell Physiology, 2009, 50(7):1345-1363 ZHAO H, YIN C C, MA B, et al. Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2021, 63(1):102-125 MA B, HE S J, DUAN K X, et al. Identification of rice ethylene-response mutants and characterization of MHZ7/OsEIN2 in distinct ethylene response and yield trait regulation[J]. Molecular Plant, 2013, 6(6):1830-1848 CAI Q, YUAN Z, CHEN M J, et al. Jasmonic acid regulates spikelet development in rice[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1):3476-3488 HU S, YANG H T, GAO H, et al. Control of seed size by jasmonate[J]. Science China Life Sciences, 2021, 64(8):1215-1226 PUNIA S, KUMAR M, SIROHA A K, et al. Pearl millet grain as an emerging source of starch: A review on its structure, physicochemical properties, functionalization, and industrial applications[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 260:117776 XU Y J, GU D J, QING H, et al. Changes in carbohydrate accumulation and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in maize kernels at different positions on an ear during grain filling[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(2):297-307 LI S X, SHI Z G, ZHU Q R, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis of seed starch accumulation in Chinese chestnut Metaxenia[J]. BMC Genomics, 2021, 22(1):617 DENG J, ZHAO J L, HUANG J, et al. Comparative proteomic analyses of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds at three stages of development[J]. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2022, 22(6):1449-1458 WANG T, HU S W, ZHANG Y, et al. Research progress in starch biosynthesis and regulatory factors in maize kernel[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(3):1-13 王涛, 胡社伟, 张宇, 等. 玉米籽粒淀粉生物合成及调控因素研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(3):1-13 LIU X, HE Z, YIN Y L, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis during seed growth and development in Euryale ferox Salisb[J]. BMC Genomics, 2018, 19(1):343 VANHOLME R, DEMEDTS B, MORREEL K, et al. Lignin biosynthesis and structure[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 153(3):895-905 MACGREGOR D R, KENDALL S L, FLORANCE H, et al. Seed production temperature regulation of primary dormancy occurs through control of seed coat phenylpropanoid metabolism[J]. New Phytologist, 2015, 205(2):642-652 DING Y R, YU S Z, WANG J, et al. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of seed coats with high and low lignin contents reveals lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis in Brassica napus[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1):246 SCHLÜTER U, WEBER A P M. Regulation and evolution of C4 photosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2020, 71:183-215 ZHAO Z G, WANG C L, YU X W, et al. Auxin regulates source-sink carbohydrate partitioning and reproductive organ development in rice[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119(36):e2121671119)
Transcriptome Analysis of Pennisetum glaucum Seeds at Different Developmental Stages
LIU Ya-nan, TIAN Hao-qi, LIANG Xiao-yu, HU Yuan-bin, ZHANG Jing, FENG Guang-yan, JI Yang
Affiliations
1 Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610066, China; 2 College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, China
doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.05.003
文章导航
摘要
收起
为更好地了解美洲狼尾草(Pennisetum glaucum L.)种子发育过程中的基因调控网络,本研究以开花期(F)和灌浆期(S₁,S₂,S₃)的美洲狼尾草籽粒为材料进行转录分析,结果显示,S₁ vs F时期差异表达基因数量最多,为7166个。通路富集分析表明,植物激素信号转导、淀粉生物合成及苯丙烷生物合成在种子发育中具有重要作用,分别有160,19,51个差异基因富集到以上途径,它们在种子发育过程中阶段性高表达,其中AUX1和GID1在种子发育前期高表达,而乙烯信号通路基因(ETR,EIN2,EIN3)的表达随种子成熟上调。差异表达基因中鉴定到包含AP2/ERF、bHLH家族成员在内的859个转录因子,其主要参与植物激素信号转导、昼夜节律等与种子发育相关途径。本研究基于不同时期的转录组数据构建了美洲狼尾草种子发育基因表达谱,为进一步探究其分子机制提供参考。
关键词
美洲狼尾草
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种子发育
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转录组测序
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差异表达基因
Abstract
收起
To better understand the gene regulatory network during seed development in Pennisetum glaucum, this study performed transcriptome analysis using seeds at the flowering stage (F) and grain-filling stages (S1, S2, S3). The results revealed the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the S1 vs F comparison, totaling 7166. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that plant hormone signal transduction, starch biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis played important roles in seed development, with 160, 19, and 51 DEGs enriched in these pathways, respectively. These genes exhibited stage-specific high expression during seed development; among which, AUX1 and GID1 were highly expressed in early seed development, while ethylene signaling genes (ETR, EIN2, EIN3) increased in expression as seeds matured. Among the DEGs, 859 transcription factors (TFs) were identified, including members of AP2/ERF and bHLH families, primarily involved in seed development-related pathways such as plant hormone signaling and circadian rhythm. This study constructed a gene expression profile for P. glaucum seeds development based on transcriptome data from different stages, providing a reference for further research of its molecular mechanism.
Key words
Pennisetum glaucum
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Seed development
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Transcriptome sequencing
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DEGs
XUE L J, ZHANG J J, XUE H W, et al. Genome-wide analysis of the complex transcriptional networks of rice developing seeds[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2):e31081 CAO Y W, HAN Z G, ZHANG Z Y, et al. UDP-glucosyltransferase 71C4 controls the flux of phenylpropanoid metabolism to shape cotton seed development[J]. Plant Communications, 2024, 5(8):100938 LOCASCIO A, ROIG-VILLANOVA I, BERNARDI J, et al. Current perspectives on the hormonal control of seed development in Arabidopsis and maize: a focus on auxin[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2014, 5:412 ZHANG K L, CAO W Z, BASKIN J M, et al. Seed development in Paeonia ostii (Paeoniaceae), with particular reference to embryogeny[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1):603 VERMA S, ATTULURI V P S, ROBERT H S. Transcriptional control of Arabidopsis seed development[J]. Planta, 2022, 255(4):90 GOMEZ M D, CORED I, BARRO-TRASTOY D, et al. DELLA proteins positively regulate seed size in Arabidopsis[J]. Development (Cambridge, England), 2023, 150(15):dev201853 JIANG H, KÖHLER C. Evolution, function, and regulation of genomic imprinting in plant seed development[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012, 63(13):4713-4722 MEGA R, KIM J S, TANAKA H, et al. Metabolic and transcriptomic profiling during wheat seed development under progressive drought conditions[J]. Scientific Reports, 2023, 13(1):15001-15014 YI F, GU W, CHEN J, et al. High temporal-resolution transcriptome landscape of early maize seed development[J]. The Plant Cell, 2019, 31(5):974-992 ZHANG H Y, HU Z B, YANG Y M, et al. Transcriptome profiling reveals the spatial-temporal dynamics of gene expression essential for soybean seed development[J]. BMC Genomics, 2021, 22(1):453 XIANG D Q, QUILICHINI T D, LIU Z Y, et al. The transcriptional landscape of polyploid wheats and their diploid ancestors during embryogenesis and grain development[J]. The Plant Cell, 2019, 31(12):2888-2911 HU Y, LIU Y, LU L, et al. Global analysis of seed transcriptomes reveals a novel PLATZ regulator for seed size and weight control in soybean[J]. New Phytologist, 2023, 240(6):2436-2454 YAN H D, SUN M, ZHANG Z R, et al. Pangenomic analysis identifies structural variation associated with heat tolerance in pearl millet[J]. Nature Genetics, 2023, 55(3):507-518 DING C L, BAI S J, GU H R, et al. Utilization of grain pearl millet in diets of livestock and poultry[J]. Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2000, 6(19):14-16 丁成龙, 白淑娟, 顾洪如, 等. 珍珠粟在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医杂志, 2000, 6(19):14-16 LUO L X, ZHOU T, XU Q, et al. Bioinformatics analysis of GATA family of Pennisetum glaucum[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2):391-400 罗李旋, 周涛, 徐倩, 等. 美洲狼尾草GATA转录因子家族生物信息学分析[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 33(2):391-400 CHEN S F, ZHOU Y Q, CHEN Y R, et al. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor[J]. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2018, 34(17):i884-i890 KIM D, LANGMEAD B, SALZBERG S L. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements[J]. Nature Methods, 2015, 12(4):357-360 PERTEA M, PERTEA G M, ANTONESCU C M, et al. StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2015, 33(3):290-295 LIAO Y, SMYTH G K, SHI W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features[J]. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2014, 30(7):923-930 WU T Z, HU E Q, XU S B, et al. clusterProfiler 4.0: A universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data[J]. Innovation (Cambridge (Mass)), 2021, 2(3):100141 LIU L, LONG C, HAO X R, et al. Identification of key genes involved in lignin and flavonoid accumulation during Tilia tuan seed maturation[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 2024, 43(8):205 LYU S Y, ZHU Z H, YU X Y, et al. Phenylpropanoid metabolites mediate antiviral defense and vector resistance in rice infected with RRSV, RGSV, and SRBSDV[J]. Plant, Cell & Environment, 2025, 48(8):6170-6184 ZHOU R N, WANG S, LI J, et al. Transcriptional and metabolomic analyses reveal that GmESR1 increases soybean seed protein content through the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway[J/OL]. Plant, Cell & Environment, doi: 10.1111/pce.15250, 2024-11-01/2025-7-30 SUN Z H, LU Q, LI H F, et al. Identification of regulatory networks of transcription factors at different seed developmental stages in peanut[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences, https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024266, 2025-01-13/2025-07-30 孙志辉, 鲁清, 李海芬, 等. 花生种子不同发育阶段的转录因子调控网络鉴定[J/OL]. 中国油料作物学报, https://doi.org/10.19802/j.issn.1007-9084.2024266, 2025-01-13/2025-07-30 HUANG J, DENG J, SHI T X, et al. Global transcriptome analysis and identification of genes involved in nutrients accumulation during seed development of rice Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum Tararicum)[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1):11792-11805 LI N, XU R, LI Y. Molecular networks of seed size control in plants[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2019, 70:435-463 YAO Y J, XIONG E H, QU X L, et al. WGCNA and transcriptome profiling reveal hub genes for key development stage seed size/oil content between wild and cultivated soybean[J]. BMC Genomics, 2023, 24(1):494 SCHRUFF M C, SPIELMAN M, TIWARI S, et al. The AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 2 gene of Arabidopsis links auxin signalling, cell division, and the size of seeds and other organs[J]. Development (Cambridge, England), 2006, 133(2):251-261 YOSHIDA T, CHRISTMANN A, YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI K, et al. Revisiting the basal role of ABA-roles outside of stress[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 2019, 24(7):625-635 GUPTA K, WANI S H, RAZZAQ A, et al. Abscisic acid: role in fruit development and ripening[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2022, 13:817500 NAKASHIMA K, FUJITA Y, KANAMORI N, et al. Three Arabidopsis SnRK2 protein kinases, SRK2D/SnRK2.2, SRK2E/SnRK2.6/OST1 and SRK2I/SnRK2.3, involved in ABA signaling are essential for the control of seed development and dormancy[J]. Plant Cell Physiology, 2009, 50(7):1345-1363 ZHAO H, YIN C C, MA B, et al. Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms[J]. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2021, 63(1):102-125 MA B, HE S J, DUAN K X, et al. Identification of rice ethylene-response mutants and characterization of MHZ7/OsEIN2 in distinct ethylene response and yield trait regulation[J]. Molecular Plant, 2013, 6(6):1830-1848 CAI Q, YUAN Z, CHEN M J, et al. Jasmonic acid regulates spikelet development in rice[J]. Nature Communications, 2014, 5(1):3476-3488 HU S, YANG H T, GAO H, et al. Control of seed size by jasmonate[J]. Science China Life Sciences, 2021, 64(8):1215-1226 PUNIA S, KUMAR M, SIROHA A K, et al. Pearl millet grain as an emerging source of starch: A review on its structure, physicochemical properties, functionalization, and industrial applications[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 260:117776 XU Y J, GU D J, QING H, et al. Changes in carbohydrate accumulation and activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in maize kernels at different positions on an ear during grain filling[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015, 41(2):297-307 LI S X, SHI Z G, ZHU Q R, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis of seed starch accumulation in Chinese chestnut Metaxenia[J]. BMC Genomics, 2021, 22(1):617 DENG J, ZHAO J L, HUANG J, et al. Comparative proteomic analyses of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) seeds at three stages of development[J]. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 2022, 22(6):1449-1458 WANG T, HU S W, ZHANG Y, et al. Research progress in starch biosynthesis and regulatory factors in maize kernel[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2025, 41(3):1-13 王涛, 胡社伟, 张宇, 等. 玉米籽粒淀粉生物合成及调控因素研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2025, 41(3):1-13 LIU X, HE Z, YIN Y L, et al. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis during seed growth and development in Euryale ferox Salisb[J]. BMC Genomics, 2018, 19(1):343 VANHOLME R, DEMEDTS B, MORREEL K, et al. Lignin biosynthesis and structure[J]. Plant Physiology, 2010, 153(3):895-905 MACGREGOR D R, KENDALL S L, FLORANCE H, et al. Seed production temperature regulation of primary dormancy occurs through control of seed coat phenylpropanoid metabolism[J]. New Phytologist, 2015, 205(2):642-652 DING Y R, YU S Z, WANG J, et al. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of seed coats with high and low lignin contents reveals lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis in Brassica napus[J]. BMC Plant Biology, 2021, 21(1):246 SCHLÜTER U, WEBER A P M. Regulation and evolution of C4 photosynthesis[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2020, 71:183-215 ZHAO Z G, WANG C L, YU X W, et al. Auxin regulates source-sink carbohydrate partitioning and reproductive organ development in rice[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119(36):e2121671119