Article(id=1281326708724843061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783421693258, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783421693258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783421693258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783421693258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281326672238580175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783421684559, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783422118948, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=41, endPage=49, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281326708938752566, articleId=1281326708724843061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic characteristics of high-speed stepped planing craft, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As one of the representative types of high-speed surface craft, stepped planing crafts have strong nonlinear hydrodynamic problem when sailing at high speed. It is a research focus to predict the craft's resistance and motion response accurately. Based on the viscous fluid theory and dynamic mesh techniques, the paper presents the coupling solution of the longitudinal three degrees of freedom motion equations of stepped planing crafts. A set of numerical prediction methods for a stepped planing craft were established. The numerical predictions of the stepped planing craft resistance and navigation attitude at different speeds were carried out, and the variation characteristics of the resistance and navigation attitude of the stepped planing craft with speed were quantitatively analyzed. The distribution law of sliding surface, bottom pressure and flow field was discussed. The results show that when Fr<4.88, the pressure difference resistance coefficient Cp is greater than the friction resistance coefficient Cf, with the pressure difference resistance being a dominant component. When Fr≥4.88, Cp is slightly smaller than Cf, and the friction resistance Rf is equivalent to the pressure difference resistance Rp. The wetted area ratio ζ decreases rapidly with the increase of speed. When Fr≥4.48, ζ tends to be stable at about 0.31. The research results of this paper are of important value to the design of the stepped planing crafts.

, authors=Hong-jie LING1, Zhi-min CHEN1, 2, An-qi LU1, Wan-di SONG1, Jia-dong ZHANG1, authorsList=Hong-jie LING, Zhi-min CHEN, An-qi LU, Wan-di SONG, Jia-dong ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-jie LING, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281326721240646265, articleId=1281326708724843061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=高速断阶艇水动力特性数值预报研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

断阶艇作为水面高速艇的代表船型之一,高速航行时具有强非线性水动力问题,准确预报其阻力及运动响应是研究热点。本文基于粘性流体理论,采用动网格技术,耦合求解断阶艇纵向三自由度运动方程,建立一套断阶艇数值预报方法,开展不同航速下断阶艇阻力及航行姿态数值预报,定量分析断阶艇阻力和航行姿态随航速的变化特性,探讨滑行面、艇底压力及流场分布规律。研究表明:当Fr<4.88时,压差阻力系数Cp大于摩擦阻力系数Cf,压差阻力占主导成分;当Fr≥4.88时,Cp略小于Cf,摩擦阻力Rf与压差阻力Rp相当。艇体浸湿面积比ζ随着航速增加而迅速减小,当Fr≥4.48时,ζ趋于稳定约为0.31。本文研究成果对指导断阶艇的设计具有重要价值。

, authors=凌宏杰1, 陈芝珉1, 2, 鲁安祺1, 宋宛笛1, 张家栋1, authorsList=凌宏杰, 陈芝珉, 鲁安祺, 宋宛笛, 张家栋, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=凌宏杰, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
凌宏杰(1985–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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articleId=1281326708724843061, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Waveform of the hull under typical conditions, figureFileSmall=MHmwjTgMFTFgZoG04BCEWw==, figureFileBig=Jq5uJI2n50j+qcyWEvJmAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326727653737151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326708724843061, language=CN, label=图15, caption=典型工况下艇体波形图, figureFileSmall=MHmwjTgMFTFgZoG04BCEWw==, figureFileBig=Jq5uJI2n50j+qcyWEvJmAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281326727733428928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326708724843061, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of the stepped planing crafts

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参数 /单位量值参数 /单位量值
总长Loa /m3.820断阶纵向位置l /m1.572
水线间长LwL /m3.342断阶高度h /m0.054
型宽B /m0.90初始纵倾角α/(°)0
型深D /m0.60重心G /m(1.4, 0, 0.35)
设计吃水d /m0.225纵向惯性半径Ry /m0.956
排水量$ \Delta\; /{\text{kg}} $283.6横向斜升角β22
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断阶艇主要参数

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参数 /单位量值参数 /单位量值
总长Loa /m3.820断阶纵向位置l /m1.572
水线间长LwL /m3.342断阶高度h /m0.054
型宽B /m0.90初始纵倾角α/(°)0
型深D /m0.60重心G /m(1.4, 0, 0.35)
设计吃水d /m0.225纵向惯性半径Ry /m0.956
排水量$ \Delta\; /{\text{kg}} $283.6横向斜升角β22
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Calculation conditions

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工况航速V /(m·s−1体积傅汝德数$ F{r_\nabla } $工况航速V /(m·s−1体积傅汝德数$ F{r_\nabla } $
B120.41B9183.66
B240.81B10204.07
B361.22B11224.48
B481.63B12244.88
B5102.03B13265.29
B6122.44B14285.70
B7142.85B15306.10
B8163.26///
), ArticleFig(id=1281326727943144131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326708724843061, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

计算工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况航速V /(m·s−1体积傅汝德数$ F{r_\nabla } $工况航速V /(m·s−1体积傅汝德数$ F{r_\nabla } $
B120.41B9183.66
B240.81B10204.07
B361.22B11224.48
B481.63B12244.88
B5102.03B13265.29
B6122.44B14285.70
B7142.85B15306.10
B8163.26///
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高速断阶艇水动力特性数值预报研究
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凌宏杰 1 , 陈芝珉 1, 2 , 鲁安祺 1 , 宋宛笛 1 , 张家栋 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2026,30(1): 41-49
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船舶力学 |流体力学 2026 , 30 (1) : 41 -49
高速断阶艇水动力特性数值预报研究
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凌宏杰1 , 陈芝珉1, 2, 鲁安祺1, 宋宛笛1, 张家栋1
作者信息
  • 1.江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 2.江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司,江苏 扬州 262200
通讯作者:
凌宏杰(1985–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic characteristics of high-speed stepped planing craft
Hong-jie LING1 , Zhi-min CHEN1, 2, An-qi LU1, Wan-di SONG1, Jia-dong ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Marine Equipment, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Xinyang New Material Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 262200, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.005
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断阶艇作为水面高速艇的代表船型之一,高速航行时具有强非线性水动力问题,准确预报其阻力及运动响应是研究热点。本文基于粘性流体理论,采用动网格技术,耦合求解断阶艇纵向三自由度运动方程,建立一套断阶艇数值预报方法,开展不同航速下断阶艇阻力及航行姿态数值预报,定量分析断阶艇阻力和航行姿态随航速的变化特性,探讨滑行面、艇底压力及流场分布规律。研究表明:当Fr<4.88时,压差阻力系数Cp大于摩擦阻力系数Cf,压差阻力占主导成分;当Fr≥4.88时,Cp略小于Cf,摩擦阻力Rf与压差阻力Rp相当。艇体浸湿面积比ζ随着航速增加而迅速减小,当Fr≥4.48时,ζ趋于稳定约为0.31。本文研究成果对指导断阶艇的设计具有重要价值。

断阶艇  /  阻力  /  航行姿态  /  数值预报

As one of the representative types of high-speed surface craft, stepped planing crafts have strong nonlinear hydrodynamic problem when sailing at high speed. It is a research focus to predict the craft's resistance and motion response accurately. Based on the viscous fluid theory and dynamic mesh techniques, the paper presents the coupling solution of the longitudinal three degrees of freedom motion equations of stepped planing crafts. A set of numerical prediction methods for a stepped planing craft were established. The numerical predictions of the stepped planing craft resistance and navigation attitude at different speeds were carried out, and the variation characteristics of the resistance and navigation attitude of the stepped planing craft with speed were quantitatively analyzed. The distribution law of sliding surface, bottom pressure and flow field was discussed. The results show that when Fr<4.88, the pressure difference resistance coefficient Cp is greater than the friction resistance coefficient Cf, with the pressure difference resistance being a dominant component. When Fr≥4.88, Cp is slightly smaller than Cf, and the friction resistance Rf is equivalent to the pressure difference resistance Rp. The wetted area ratio ζ decreases rapidly with the increase of speed. When Fr≥4.48, ζ tends to be stable at about 0.31. The research results of this paper are of important value to the design of the stepped planing crafts.

stepped planing craft  /  resistance  /  navigation attitude  /  numerical prediction
凌宏杰, 陈芝珉, 鲁安祺, 宋宛笛, 张家栋. 高速断阶艇水动力特性数值预报研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (1) : 41 -49 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.005
Hong-jie LING, Zhi-min CHEN, An-qi LU, Wan-di SONG, Jia-dong ZHANG. Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic characteristics of high-speed stepped planing craft[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (1) : 41 -49 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.005
断阶艇[1]作为水面高速艇的代表船型,在其艇底沿纵向设置断阶,高速流体越过断阶时将离开艇底,并在断阶后部形成一个空穴,减小了浸湿长度,增加了滑行面的展弦比,有效改善了滑行艇的阻力并提高滑行效率。如何快速和准确地预报断阶艇的阻力和运动响应,是研究人员普遍关心的问题。
目前断阶艇的研究以模型试验为主,Garland[2]以NSWC系列滑行艇模型为母型船,对其进行断阶改装试验,分析了系列断阶高度对高速艇的阻力及航行姿态的影响,对断阶后空穴形态进行了研究;董文才等[3]开展了系列断阶滑行艇阻力及运动响应模型试验研究,并在断阶处增设喷气孔的方式来改善断阶艇阻力性能。随着计算机算力的不断提升,高速艇的三维绕流场CFD模拟得到快速发展,并在工程实践中得到应用[45]。郭军等[6]使用STAR–CCM+软件,并结合重叠网格技术和Savitsky 方法,对滑行艇的三维粘性流场进行了数值模拟和不确定度分析;孙寒冰等[7]采用模型试验和CFD方法研究了高速艇的气动阻力,通过合理的气动艉型有效地抑制了流动分离及尾涡现象,使气动阻力下降了15%;王慧等[89]采用CFD方法研究了重心位置对滑行艇阻力及运动响应的影响,分析了滑行艇的兴波和姿态;余泽爽等[10]基于粘流CFD方法,研究了断阶对双M型船阻力性能的影响,结果表明,在超滑行阶段的阻力与纵倾角有: 无断阶>单断阶>双断阶;Marco等[11]采用重叠网格技术和变形网格技术研究了滑行艇水动力性能,认为重叠网格技术较好。
本文基于雷诺时均RANS方程,采用随体网格和弹性变形动网格技术,耦合求解断阶艇纵向三自由度运动方程,建立一套高速断阶艇运动响应数值预报方法,开展不同航速下断阶艇的阻力及航行姿态数值预报,分析断阶艇的水动力特性及流场分布规律。
将水视为粘性不可压缩流体,其流场的控制方程包括连续方程和动量方程,分别为
$ \frac{{\partial \rho }}{{\partial t}} + \nabla \cdot \left( {\rho V} \right) = 0 $
$ \frac{{\partial \upsilon }}{{\partial t}} + V \cdot \nabla V = - \frac{1}{\rho }\left[ {\nabla P + \nabla \cdot \left[ \tau \right]} \right] + G $
式中:t为时间,$ \rho $为流体密度,$ V $为流体速度,$ G $为单位质量体积力,$ \left[ \tau \right] $为粘性应力张量,$ \nabla $为哈密尔顿算子。
计算域内的气、液两相采用流体体积函数方法捕捉自由液面,引入流体相函数F,其定义为网格单元内流体体积占总体积的比值,若F=0,表示空单元,内部无流体;若F=1,表示该单元充满流体;F 在0到1之间,表示该单元含部分流体或该单元含有自由边界。且有
$ \frac{{\partial F}}{{\partial t}} + \left( {V \cdot \nabla } \right)F = 0 $
自由液面的法向可由F的梯度来决定,得到各单元的F值及梯度后,即可确定自由液面的位置及形状。
断阶艇为刚体,刚体的任何运动都可分解为平动加转动,刚体上任何一点的速度都可表示为一个选定基点的速度加上该点绕基点的转动速度。通常选取刚体的重心作为基点,刚体的运动可表达为
$ F = m\frac{{{\mathrm{d}}{V_{\text{G}}}}}{{{\mathrm{d}}t}} $
$ {M_{\text{G}}} = \left[ I \right] \cdot \frac{{{\mathrm{d}}\omega }}{{{\mathrm{d}}t}} + \omega \left( {\left[ I \right] \cdot \omega } \right) $
式中:mI分别为刚体质量和惯性矩,VG为基点平动速度,ω为转动角速度,F为外力,MG为对于基点的外力矩。
采用三维建模软件建立断阶艇的三维模型,如图1所示,断阶艇主要参数见表1
坐标系定义如图2所示,坐标系原点为艇艉与基线的交点,x轴指向艇艏为正,y轴指向左舷为正,z轴竖直向上为正。
图3所示,计算域参数设置为:水域为14L×3L×3L,空气域为14L×3L×1.5L,艇艏距入口为3L,船艉距出口10L(其中L为艇长)。计算域内艇体采用标准壁面函数,上边界和下边界有液体静压力,入口边界、出口边界及一侧边界为远场,艇体关于中纵剖面具有对称性,本次计算采用半模,艇体中纵剖面设置为对称面。
图4所示,断阶艇高速航行时会出现砰击、波浪破碎等强非线性问题,高精度的网格是捕捉这些物理现象的保证,对计算结果准确性至关重要。基于八叉树算法生成计算域内全局非结构化网格,在艇体附近(考虑艇体升沉运动)及自由面进行网格加密,自由面处的网格高度控制在2 mm以下,艇体边界层为18层,提高网格的正交性,降低网格不对齐引起的耗散问题。计算域内网格总数约为617.2万。
为研究静水中断阶艇阻力及航行姿态特性,选取体积傅汝德数Fr范围为0.41 ~ 6.10,涵盖了排水航行、过渡段及高速滑行三个阶段,详细工况见表2
基于雷诺时均RANS方程,采用随体网格和弹性变形动网格技术处理断阶艇大幅值和小幅值运动问题,耦合求解断阶艇纵向三自由度运动方程,建立一套高速断阶艇水动力及运动响应数值预报方法。对于三维非定常双相流,具体参数设置如下:选用kω(SST–Menter)湍流模型,kω的值与雷诺数有关;释放升沉和纵倾两个自由度运动,用弹性变形动网格技术处理升沉和纵倾小幅值运动;动量方程和湍流方程的对流项采用二阶迎风格式离散,扩散项采用中心差分格式离散;自由面追踪与捕获采用VOF方法;压力速度耦合求解PISO算法;以库朗数不超过2为依据,选取计算时间步长。
对艇体附近区域和自由面处网格进行不同程度细化,得到的四套网格系统对应的网格单元总数分别为276.8万、401.1万、617.2万和853.1万,选取Fr=6.10对应工况,在高速航行状态下,艇体附近流场的非线性特性显著,对网格质量要求高以捕捉流场细节,不同网格计算的艇体阻力值如图5所示,其中网格数N=617.2 万与N=853.1 万对应的阻力值结果相近,相对误差仅为0.23%。不同网格对应的艇体表面水气相分布如图6所示,从图中可以看出,随着网格密度的增加,艇体表面捕捉的水气相边界和相组分更加清晰,网格数N=617.2 万与N=853.1 万对应的结果相近。综上结果表明数值计算网格已收敛。
从水动力学的观点出发,若船舶的体积傅汝德数Fr≥1.0,则属于高速船,其中包括高速排水型船舶和动力增升型船舶。对于1.0< Fr<3.0速度区间的高速排水型船舶,在其支持力中起主要作用的是静浮力;而对于Fr≥3.0的流体动力增升型船舶来说,其支持力起主要作用的是流体动升力。为了便于描述,对文中涉及相关无因次系数定义如下。
艇体阻力无因次系数定义为
$ {C_{\text{f}}} = \frac{{2{R_{\text{f}}}}}{{\rho {V^2}A}} $
$ {C_{\text{p}}} = \frac{{2{R_{\text{p}}}}}{{\rho {V^2}A}} $
$ {R_{\text{t}}} = {R_{\text{p}}} + {R_{\text{f}}} $
$ {C_{\text{t}}} = \frac{{2{R_{\text{t}}}}}{{\rho {V^2}A}} $
由式(8)和(9)可知
$ {C_{\text{t}}} = {C_{\text{f}}} + {C_{\text{p}}} $
艇体阻重比ξ
$ \xi = \frac{{{R_{\text{t}}}}}{{\Delta g}} $
艇体抬升系数γ
$ \gamma = \frac{z}{d} $
艇体浸湿面积比ζ
$ \zeta = \frac{A}{{{A_0}}} $
式中:Rt为艇体总阻力;Ct为艇体总阻力系数;Rf为摩擦阻力;Cf为摩擦阻力系数;Rp为压阻力;Cp为压阻力系数;g为重力加速度;z为升沉量;A为不同航速对应的艇体湿表面积;A0为静止时艇体湿表面积,A0=2.85 m2
艇体总阻力Rt由摩擦阻力Rf和压差阻力Rp组成,将艇体总阻力、摩擦阻力和压差阻力无因次化得到系数CtCfCp,绘制成图7。从图中可以看出:(1) 摩擦阻力系数Cf随航速变化不大,量值在3.15×10−3左右;(2) 压差阻力系数Cp随航速先增加后减小;在航速增加过程中Cp出现的两个峰值为:当Fr=1.22时出现第一个峰值Cp =2.18×10−2;当Fr=4.48时出现第二个峰值Cp =5.10×10−3。(3) 当Fr<4.88时,Cp大于Cf,压差阻力占主导地位;当Fr≥4.88时,Cp略小于Cf,摩擦阻力Rf与压差阻力Rp相当。(4)总阻力系数Ct与压差阻力Cp具有一致的变化规律。
图8给出了艇体阻重比随航速的变化曲线,从图中可以看出:当Fr≤1.63时,艇体阻力不断增加;当Fr=2.03时,该航速下纵倾角减小,出现阻力降低现象;当2.03< Fr≤4.48时,艇体进入滑行状态,阻力变化不大,阻重比ξ在0.171左右;当Fr>4.48时,艇体阻力迅速增加。
图9可以看出,当Fr≤1.63时,该艇处于排水航行状态,出现“吸底”现象,下沉量随着航速增加先增加后减小,抬升系数γ最小为−0.09;当Fr>1.63时,水动升力随着航速增加而增加,艇体抬升量随着航速增加而不断增加;当Fr≥4.48时,艇体的抬升量达到一定高度,艇体的滑行面较小,升沉量的变化率减缓,当Fr=6.10时,γ=0.59。
图10可以看出,该艇的纵倾角随着航速增加先增加后减小,Fr=2.85时出现最大值为α=4.16°。出现这种现象的原因是随着航速提升,艇体受到的水动升力不断增加,压力中心处于艇体重心前方,出现抬艏现象。随着航速进一步提升,压力中心点不断后移,抬艏力矩不断减小,纵倾角不断减小,当Fr=6.10时,纵倾角α=2.72°。
图11所示,以水相体积分数的分布表示不同航速下艇底的浸湿面积,色标值的0和1分别表示气相和水相,两者之间表示水气混合物。从图中可以看出,断阶前的滑行面除喷溅区外以水相为主;由于空穴引起断阶后的滑行面以水气混合相为主。
将艇底水相的体积分数沿艇底积分得到艇体浸湿面积A,不同航速下艇体浸湿面积与初始时刻艇体浸湿面积A0的比值为ζ,绘制成图12,从图中可以看出:当Fr<0.81,该艇处于排水航行状态时,受到艇体兴波作用,ζ出现大于1现象;除局部航态改变外,ζ随着航速增加而迅速减小,当Fr≥4.48时,ζ维持在一个较为稳定的值,ζ约为0.31。
图13给出了典型工况下艇底压力分布云图,由图可知:艇底存在断阶前和后两个压力面;来流越过断阶后在断阶后部首先形成低压区域,当流体再次与艇底接触时形成明显的高压区,由于断阶后部低压区的影响,艇体两侧的流体沿着断阶向艇底流动,当航速足够高时,艇体抬升使断阶与大气相连通,断阶位置出现吸气现象,形成空穴,后滑行面易出现水气掺混现象。
图14为不同航速下艇底中纵剖面处压力分布,其中x/LwL为归一化处理后的艇体位置,0表示艇艉,1表示艇艏。从图中可以看出:(1) 断阶艇高速航行时流体首先作用于前滑行面形成压力驻点,出现一个压力峰值,随后沿着艇底向后方运动,压力值下降,当流体到达断阶位置处时出现畸变,在断阶前缘区域形成高压,然后流体越过断阶再次作用于艇底,在后滑行面出现第二个压力驻点形成第二个压力峰值,最后沿着艇体后滑行面运动直至离开艇底。(2) 当Fr<1.63时,断阶艇以排水航行为主,未出现滑行时的流体分布特性;当Fr≥2.03时,断阶艇从起滑至进入滑行状态,前、后滑行面的压力驻点随着航速增加不断向后移动,断阶处的压力值不断增加。(3) 当Fr≥4.88时,流体越过断阶后直接离开艇体,形成空穴,以气压为主,压力值较小,不再出现第二个压力峰值点。
图15给出了典型工况下断阶艇波形图,断阶艇在静水中高速航行时,艇体对水流产生阻碍作用,在艇体舷侧产生明显的飞溅和水花。随着航速增加,船行波的角度减小,艇后方形成鸡尾状水丘并迅速增大,且水丘逐渐向后移动,艇艉缘形成“空穴”,且空穴长度不断增加。
本文基于粘性CFD方法,完成了不同航速下断阶艇航行姿态的数值模拟,分析了其阻力、航行姿态及流场特性,得到的主要结论如下:
(1) 当Fr<4.88时,Cp>Cf,压差阻力占主导地位;当Fr≥4.88时,Cp略小于Cf,摩擦阻力Rf与压差阻力Rp相当。总阻力系数Ct与压差阻力Cp具有一致的变化规律。
(2) 当Fr≥4.48时,艇体的抬升量达到一定高度,艇体的滑行面较小,升沉量的变化率减缓,当Fr=6.10时,γ=0.59。
(3)纵倾角随航速的增加先增加后减小,Fr=2.85时出现最大值α=4.16°,当Fr=6.10时,纵倾角α=2.72°。
(4) ζ随航速的增加而迅速减小,当Fr≥4.48时,ζ值趋于稳定,约为0.31。

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2026年第30卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.005
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
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    1.江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院,江苏 镇江 212003
    2.江苏新扬新材料股份有限公司,江苏 扬州 262200

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凌宏杰(1985–),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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