Article(id=1281326673958256949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750089600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783421684969, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1768406400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783421684969, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783421684969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1783421684969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1281326672238580175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1768406400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783421684559, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1783422118948, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281328494261026864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281326672238580175, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=11, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281326674209915190, articleId=1281326673958256949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical study on the internal mechanism of new type floating baffle to suppress liquid tank sloshing, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Liquid sloshing is prone to occur in liquid cargo ships under the action of wind and waves, and the impact generated by the sloshing will damage the compartment structure, which is one of the important factors inducing safety accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the sloshing phenomenon and propose an efficient anti-sloshing structure. In this study, a new type of floating baffle is proposed, which can provide a better anti-sloshing effect under different filling rates compared with traditional fixed baffle. Sloshing under high-risk filling rate is investigated by numerical simulation based on STAR-CCM+, focusing on floating baffles with different sizes and angles, and the optimal structure of the baffle is selected by analyzing the wave surface displacement, baffle velocity, wave profile, and fluid flow pattern with velocity vector magnitude. The results show that floating baffle can effectively suppress the sloshing by coupling various sloshing mechanisms, its web can cut the free liquid surface in time to suppress the sloshing, and the end of its bottom flange can generate vortex to effectively dissipate the fluid energy, and the heave motion of the baffle can change the trajectory of the fluid mass point under the free surface to reduce the impact on the compartment wall, which further enhances the anti-sloshing effect.

, authors=Hui-dong ZHANG, Zhong-xu XIN, Hong-da SHI, authorsList=Hui-dong ZHANG, Zhong-xu XIN, Hong-da SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-da SHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281326694933971423, articleId=1281326673958256949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=新型浮式隔板抑制液舱晃荡内在机理的数值研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

液货船在风浪作用下容易发生液舱晃荡现象,晃荡流产生的冲击会损坏舱室结构,这是诱发安全事故的重要原因之一。因此,理解晃荡现象并提出高效的制荡结构至关重要。本研究提出一种新型浮式复合隔板,与传统固定式隔板相比能在不同液舱填充率下均发挥较好的制荡效果。基于STAR–CCM+进行数值模拟,重点研究了高危载液率下不同尺寸与转角的浮式隔板的制荡效果,通过分析波面位移、隔板速度、波浪剖面和流体流态与速度矢量幅值确定最优隔板构型。研究结果表明,浮式隔板通过耦合多种制荡机理能有效抑制液舱晃荡,其腹板可实时切割自由液面来抑制晃荡幅值,其下翼板末端可产生漩涡来有效耗散流体能量,隔板垂荡运动可改变晃荡波面下流体质点的运动轨迹,减轻其对舱壁的冲击,进一步增强制荡效果。

, authors=张茴栋, 辛忠旭, 史宏达, authorsList=张茴栋, 辛忠旭, 史宏达, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=史宏达, authorNote=

张茴栋(1984–),男,副教授

, correspAuthorsNote=
史宏达(1967–),男,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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张茴栋(1984–),男,副教授

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张茴栋(1984–),男,副教授

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articleId=1281326673958256949, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=新型浮式隔板), Keyword(id=1281326698448798200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326673958256949, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=制荡机理), Keyword(id=1281326698562044409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326673958256949, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=流态分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1281326702978646555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281326673958256949, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱小松, 谢 彬, 喻西崇. 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新型浮式隔板抑制液舱晃荡内在机理的数值研究
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张茴栋 , 辛忠旭 , 史宏达
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2026,30(1): 11-20
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船舶力学 |流体力学 2026 , 30 (1) : 11 -20
新型浮式隔板抑制液舱晃荡内在机理的数值研究
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张茴栋, 辛忠旭, 史宏达
作者信息
  • 中国海洋大学,山东 青岛 266100
通讯作者:
史宏达(1967–),男,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

张茴栋(1984–),男,副教授

Numerical study on the internal mechanism of new type floating baffle to suppress liquid tank sloshing
Hui-dong ZHANG, Zhong-xu XIN, Hong-da SHI
Affiliations
  • Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
出版时间: 2026-01-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.002
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液货船在风浪作用下容易发生液舱晃荡现象,晃荡流产生的冲击会损坏舱室结构,这是诱发安全事故的重要原因之一。因此,理解晃荡现象并提出高效的制荡结构至关重要。本研究提出一种新型浮式复合隔板,与传统固定式隔板相比能在不同液舱填充率下均发挥较好的制荡效果。基于STAR–CCM+进行数值模拟,重点研究了高危载液率下不同尺寸与转角的浮式隔板的制荡效果,通过分析波面位移、隔板速度、波浪剖面和流体流态与速度矢量幅值确定最优隔板构型。研究结果表明,浮式隔板通过耦合多种制荡机理能有效抑制液舱晃荡,其腹板可实时切割自由液面来抑制晃荡幅值,其下翼板末端可产生漩涡来有效耗散流体能量,隔板垂荡运动可改变晃荡波面下流体质点的运动轨迹,减轻其对舱壁的冲击,进一步增强制荡效果。

晃荡  /  新型浮式隔板  /  制荡机理  /  流态分析

Liquid sloshing is prone to occur in liquid cargo ships under the action of wind and waves, and the impact generated by the sloshing will damage the compartment structure, which is one of the important factors inducing safety accidents. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the sloshing phenomenon and propose an efficient anti-sloshing structure. In this study, a new type of floating baffle is proposed, which can provide a better anti-sloshing effect under different filling rates compared with traditional fixed baffle. Sloshing under high-risk filling rate is investigated by numerical simulation based on STAR-CCM+, focusing on floating baffles with different sizes and angles, and the optimal structure of the baffle is selected by analyzing the wave surface displacement, baffle velocity, wave profile, and fluid flow pattern with velocity vector magnitude. The results show that floating baffle can effectively suppress the sloshing by coupling various sloshing mechanisms, its web can cut the free liquid surface in time to suppress the sloshing, and the end of its bottom flange can generate vortex to effectively dissipate the fluid energy, and the heave motion of the baffle can change the trajectory of the fluid mass point under the free surface to reduce the impact on the compartment wall, which further enhances the anti-sloshing effect.

sloshing  /  new type floating baffle  /  mechanism of sloshing reduction  /  flow pattern analysis
张茴栋, 辛忠旭, 史宏达. 新型浮式隔板抑制液舱晃荡内在机理的数值研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (1) : 11 -20 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.002
Hui-dong ZHANG, Zhong-xu XIN, Hong-da SHI. Numerical study on the internal mechanism of new type floating baffle to suppress liquid tank sloshing[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (1) : 11 -20 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.002
液化天然气在能源供应领域中的占比随着现代工业的高速发展逐年增长,这也推动了全世界对LNG船需求的增长。由于自然蒸发的原因,LNG船液舱内通常处于部分填充的状态,当受到波浪等外部激励作用时舱内液体会发生晃荡现象。晃荡现象是一种非线性较强的流体运动,通常伴随着自由液面的折叠和破碎[1]。晃荡流产生的冲击力容易破坏舱壁结构,从而诱发安全事故。因此,研究如何经济高效地抑制晃荡现象具有广泛的工程背景和重要的学术价值。
目前,已有许多学者通过实验或数值模拟的方法研究了不同制荡结构对晃荡现象的抑制效果。Chu等[2]通过实验研究了多隔板液舱中隔板间距和高度对晃荡的影响。Xue等[3]通过实验发现竖隔板会改变液舱的固有频率并明显降低冲击压力。Cho等[4]发现峰值高度和固有频率随着隔板安装高度、液体填充高度和隔板开口的减小而降低。Tang等[5]提出不等高隔板的制荡效果在一定条件下要优于等高隔板。Jin等[6]探究了双垂直隔板在耦合激励下的运动,发现高于静液面的隔板抑制效果更显著。Younes等[7]指出隔板数量的增加会提升晃荡响应阻尼。Akyildiz[8]在液舱中引入T形隔板后观察到隔板高度与制荡效果呈正相关。Ganuga等[9]分析了隔板尺寸和柔性对降低液舱壁压力峰值的影响。但上述研究局限于固定式隔板,制荡性能受填充率影响较大,有学者提出了浮式制荡装置。Hosseini[10]等研究了通过尼龙绳悬挂的环形挡板在圆柱形储罐中的制荡效果,但该结构形式安装难度大且缺少固定结构,挡板容易发生旋转。Kang等[11]的网格状浮式挡板和Koh等[12]的带有约束的浮毯式挡板则不利于装卸作业的进行。Arai等[13]和于曰旻等[14]的研究缺乏对制荡机理的深度分析。Bellezi等[15]通过移动粒子半隐式(MPS)法研究的垂直浮式挡板运动幅值过大,在较高或者较低载液率下容易与舱壁顶部或底部发生碰撞。
本研究提出一种能自动适应填充深度变化的新型浮式复合隔板,该形式易于安装并且占据液舱的体积相对较小。通过STAR–CCM+进行数值模拟,针对复合隔板的结构形式及构件尺寸进行探究,基于波面位移、隔板运动,波浪剖面以及流体流态与速度矢量幅值等,探讨分析其内在的物理制荡机理并遴选出最优的复合隔板形式。
将流体视为不可压缩的粘性湍流,用于描述流体流动的雷诺平均纳维–斯托克斯(Reynolds Average Navier–Strokes,RANS)方程可表示为
$ \frac{{\partial \rho }}{{\partial t}} + \frac{{\partial \left( {\rho {U_i}} \right)}}{{\partial {x_i}}} = 0 $
$ \frac{{\partial {U_i}}}{{\partial t}} + \frac{{\partial {U_i}{U_j}}}{{\partial {x_i}}} = - \frac{1}{\rho }\frac{{\partial \overline p }}{{\partial {x_i}}} + \frac{1}{\rho }\frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left( {\mu \frac{{\partial {U_i}}}{{\partial {x_j}}} - \rho \overline {{u_i}{u_j}} } \right) $
其中,${U_i}$是时均速度,$\rho $是流体的密度,$\overline p $是时均压力,$\mu $是动力粘度系数,${u_i}$是速度的波动分量,$ \rho \overline {{u_i}{u_j}} $是雷诺应力项。
在求解过程中需要将瞬时RANS方程中的每个待求解变量$\phi $拆分成平均值$\overline \phi $和波动分量$\phi '$两者之和,即
$ \phi = \overline \phi + \phi ' $
其中,$\phi $表示上述方程组中的速度分量、压力能量或组分浓度等物理值。
求解平均值可视为稳态下的时间平均,得到的平均量方程比原始方程新增一项应力张量
$ {{{T}}_{{\text{RANS}}}} = - \rho \left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\overline {u'u'} }&{\overline {u'v'} }&{\overline {u'w'} } \\ {\overline {u'v'} }&{\overline {v'v'} }&{\overline {v'w'} } \\ {\overline {u'w'} }&{\overline {v'w'} }&{\overline {w'w'} } \end{array}} \right) + \frac{2}{3}\rho k{{I}} $
其中,$u$$v$$w$ 为速度分量,是时均速度与波动速度之和;${{I}}$为单位张量。
通过Boussinesq近似方法将应力张量$ {{{T}}_{{\text{RANS}}}} $建模为平均流量的函数,本研究使用的是Lauder等人提出的$ k - \varepsilon $湍流模型,此模型为半经验公式,可有效平衡稳定性、计算成本和精度,模型为如下的两方程形式
$ \frac{{\partial \left( {\rho k} \right)}}{{\partial t}} + \frac{{\partial \left( {\rho k{u_i}} \right)}}{{\partial {x_i}}} = \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left[ {\left( {\mu + \frac{{{\mu _t}}}{{{\sigma _k}}}} \right)\frac{{\partial k}}{{\partial {x_j}}}} \right] + {G_k} - \rho \varepsilon $
$ \frac{{\partial \left( {\rho \varepsilon } \right)}}{{\partial t}} + \frac{{\partial \left( {\rho \varepsilon {u_i}} \right)}}{{\partial {x_i}}} = \frac{\partial }{{\partial {x_j}}}\left[ {\left( {\mu + \frac{{{u_i}}}{{{\sigma _\varepsilon }}}} \right)\frac{{\partial \varepsilon }}{{\partial {x_j}}}} \right] + \frac{{{C_{1\varepsilon }}}}{k}{G_k} - {C_{2\varepsilon }}\rho \frac{{{\varepsilon ^2}}}{k} $
其中,湍流粘性系数${\mu _{\mathrm{t}}}$和湍流能量$k$的生成项${G_k}$根据以下公式确定
$ {\mu _{\mathrm{t}}} = \frac{{\rho {C_\mu }{k^2}}}{\varepsilon } $
$ {G_k} = {\mu _{\mathrm{t}}}\left( {\frac{{\partial {\mu _i}}}{{\partial {x_j}}} + \frac{{\partial {\mu _j}}}{{\partial {x_i}}}} \right)\frac{{\partial {\mu _i}}}{{\partial {x_j}}} $
本研究通过流体体积法(Volume of Fluid)捕捉自由液面。此方法通过计算每个网格中多相流的体积分数实现对多相流交界面的捕捉,在网格分辨率足够的情况下能够很好地求解出相间交界面的位置与形状。本研究使用两相流进行模拟,相$\alpha $的体积分数定义如下
$ \alpha =\left\{\begin{array}{l}0\;\;(空气)\\ 0 \lt \alpha \lt 1\;\;(气液交界面)\\ 1\;\;(水)\end{array}\right. $
本研究通过重叠网格法实现浮式隔板的运动,此方法是将整个计算域分为背景区域和重叠区域,通过重叠的界面交换流场信息。通过拉格朗日线性插值法实现供体单元与受体单元的信息交换。
$ {\varphi }_{{\mathrm{r}}}={\displaystyle \sum {\varepsilon }_{i}\cdot }{\varphi }_{{\mathrm{c}}} $
其中,$ {\phi _{\mathrm{r}}} $$ {\phi _{\mathrm{c}}} $分别为受体单元和供体单元的物理值,$ {\varepsilon _i} $是对应的形状函数。
在流体和浮式隔板耦合的过程中,每个时间步内数值程序都将流体作用于隔板的力从交界面的流体侧自动插补至固体侧,根据隔板所受合力计算出隔板的运动,随后将浮式隔板的位移信息从交界面的固体侧自动插补至流体侧,在整个求解过程中始终保持背景区域和重叠区域坐标系的一致性。
本研究中使用STAR–CCM+的全y+壁面处理,通过混合壁面函数描述粘性底层、缓冲层和对数层的速度与湍流,此函数可根据输入的流体流速和边界层网格自动计算y+值并切换适合的壁面函数。本文中的液舱壁和隔板壁均设置为y+值小于5的无滑移壁面,液舱内的空气压力设为一倍标准大气压,时间步长为0.0005 s,内部迭代次数为10次,对时间采用二阶离散,求解方式为隐式不定常。
本研究选择一个长($L$)和高($H$)均为1 m的二维矩形液舱,填充深度($h$)为0.7 m,在此载液率下晃荡流对舱壁破坏性最强[16]。最初设计的复合隔板类似“工”字型,其上翼板恰好位于静水面上方。但从数值结果中发现,上翼板虽能减小自由液面的范围,但会导致液面无覆盖区晃荡能量过度集中,从而增大边壁处的波面位移,加剧液舱晃荡。因此,如图1(a)所示,在后续研究中取消上翼板并将腹板①延长至静水面以上0.05 m处,以提供隔板运动的恢复力,同时达到分割自由液面的目的。厚度为0.01 m的隔板置于液舱中部,通过滑轨③使其仅能进行垂荡运动,在轨道两端设置弹簧④以避免隔板与上下舱壁发生碰撞。图1(b)给出隔板液舱数值模型的示意图,定义下翼板②与水平线之间的夹角为$\theta $,当$\theta $大于0°时,下翼板将向上延伸,不同转角工况时保持下翼板水平投影长度恒定。波面位移的测点位于液舱左侧距离内壁0.001 m处,压强测点P1位于液舱左侧壁距底部0.6 m处。对液舱施加纵荡激励为$ x = A\cos \left( {\omega t} \right) $,其中$A = 0.02{\text{ m}}$$\omega = 5.481{\text{ rad/s}}$,此频率为该填充率下液舱的一阶晃荡固有频率。分析不同的腹板浸没深度(${H_{\mathrm{w}}}$)、下翼板长度($B$)以及下翼板转角($\theta $)对制荡效果的影响规律。
首先对数值模型的网格无关性进行验证,提出了三种不同的网格划分方案:粗网格M1的尺寸为10 mm×10 mm,中网格M2的尺寸为8 mm×8 mm,细网格M3的尺寸为6 mm×6 mm,三种方案均对自由液面处和隔板运动区进行额外加密,加密区尺寸为基础尺寸的50%。图2(a)给出了不同方案下左舱壁处波面位移的时间序列,M1方案在峰值处有4%的误差,但M2和M3方案的数值结果非常一致。因此,为保证计算精度并节约计算资源,本研究选择M2方案开展后续研究。基于M2方案的新型浮式隔板液舱模型网格化结果在图2(b)中给出。
随后对所构建的数值模型的模拟精度进行验证,选择了Wang等人的数值结果作为对比[17]。液舱为边长1 m的方形液舱,填充深度为0.5 m。在液舱底部的中心位置设有竖隔板,宽度为0.01 m,高度为0.375 m。对液舱施加位移激励$x = A\sin \omega t$,其中$A = 0.002{\text{ m}}$$\omega = 5.29{\text{ rad/s}}$图3给出了右舱壁处的波面位移时间序列,可以看到本文数值模型与Wang和Lin等人对波面位移的模拟结果之间具有较好的一致性,这证明了本数值模型计算结果的可靠性。
首先,探究浮式隔板腹板的浸没深度对制荡效果的影响,下翼板长度设为$0.3L$,转角设为0°。图4给出了不同的腹板浸没深度下左舱壁处无量纲化的最大波面位移。浮式隔板将液舱内的波面位移限制在较低的水平,这说明浮式隔板具有优良的制荡性能。随着腹板浸没深度的增加,最大波面位移呈现出快速降低然后缓慢上升的趋势,腹板浸没深度为$0.3H$时位移幅值最小,近似达到最佳制荡效果。本研究同时提取了P1处最大动压强的结果,其曲线变化规律与最大波面位移基本一致,因此下述分析时不再进行讨论。
为从能量角度分析浮式隔板的运动规律和制荡机理,选择腹板浸没深度为$0.2H$$0.3H$$0.5H$三种典型工况下的波面位移和隔板速度进行频谱分析,其结果如图5图6所示。腹板浸没深度为$0.3H$时,对应的波面位移能量谱面积最小,说明流体能量最低,制荡效果最优。另外,波面位移的频谱均存在双峰现象,其次峰值与隔板速度能量谱中主峰值对应的频率相同,且峰值大小均与腹板长度呈负相关,这说明晃荡波面的二阶非线性成分主要与隔板运动有关。
为进一步揭示浮式隔板制荡机理,图7给出了对应工况的瞬时波浪剖面图、流体流态与速度矢量幅值图,对应晃荡波面在腹板右侧达到最大值的时刻。从波浪剖面图可以看到,液舱内晃荡波面呈现出分舱模式。在一个激励周期内,当任意一侧波面运动至最高点时,隔板运动至最低点;而波面处于平衡位置时,隔板处于位移的最高点,略有相位差,因此隔板运动周期为激励周期的一半,与频谱分析结果一致。此外,腹板浸没深度如果太小,明显导致下翼板上方的波面被抬升,加剧液舱晃荡。由流体流态与速度矢量幅值图可知,下翼板两端存在漩涡,可以耗散大量流体动能。腹板浸没深度较小时,隔板带动下翼板附近流体进行较大幅度的垂荡运动,虽然可进一步刺激漩涡的产生与增长,但无法有效抑制底部流体质点的水平运动,同时容易增大顶部波面的位移,对晃荡的抑制作用反而下降。腹板浸没深度较大时漩涡耗能大幅减弱,也不利于隔板制荡。当浸没深度为$0.3H$时,制荡性能最优。此外,液舱中湍流动能较大的区域与速度幅值较大的区域基本重合。
将腹板长度设为$0.3H$,转角设为0°,研究浮式隔板下翼板长度($B$)对制荡效果的影响。图8给出了不同下翼板长度下左舱壁处最大无量纲化波面位移,当下翼板长度为$0.2L$时,波面位移最低,制荡效果最优。与腹板浸没深度的规律类似,随着下翼板长度的增大,最大波面的幅值快速下降随后缓慢上升。但对比变化的幅值后可知,从对制荡效果的影响程度来看,下翼板长度的变化要远大于腹板浸没深度的变化。
图9图10给出了下翼板长度为$0.1L$$0.2L$$0.5L$时的波面位移和隔板速度的频谱图。与图5类似,多数工况下波面位移仍保持双峰形式,但在图9(a)中第二峰值大小超过了第一峰值并出现了三阶高频成分。此外,下翼板长度为$0.2L$时波面位移能量谱面积最小,液舱晃荡程度最低。从图10的隔板速度能量谱中可以看出,随着下翼板长度增大,其曲线的峰值在不断减小,这是由于隔板自重增大,以及垂荡运动阻力面增加所导致。
图11给出了对应工况的瞬时波浪剖面图、流体流态与速度矢量幅值图。在波浪剖面图中可以看到晃荡仍为分舱模式,波面类似正弦形态。当下翼板长度为$0.1L$时发生了越浪现象,飞跃的流体与对侧自由液面接触后对其流场产生了较大干扰。由于一个激励周期内会有两次越浪发生,飞跃流体携带较大的动能与势能,会大幅增加晃荡波面的位移幅值与非线性程度,使能量频谱成分更加复杂,主要表现为第二峰值能量开始占据主导地位,三阶高频成分能量陡增。隔板垂荡运动幅值随着下翼板长度减小而增大,较大的运动幅值能够产生更强的漩涡,耗散一定的能量,但其影响范围仅限于液舱中间较小范围之内,同时无法有效阻挡流体质点的爬升运动,容易产生越浪现象,反而加剧液舱晃荡。下翼板长度过长时,其制荡效果也会变差,主要由于顶部液体与下翼板的耦合作用所致,因此当下翼板长度为$0.2L$时,其制荡性能达到最优。
将腹板长度设为$0.3H$,下翼板长度设为$0.2L$,研究浮式隔板的下翼板转角($\theta $)对制荡效果的影响。图12展示了不同的下翼板转角时左舱壁处最大无量纲化波面位移,转角为0°时波面位移最小,制荡效果最佳,当转角由15°增至30°时波面位移迅速增加。此外,负转角时角度幅值对波面位移影响较小。
选择下翼板转角为−45°、0°、30°和45°四种工况的波面位移进行频谱分析。由图13可知,无转角或负转角时,频谱呈现双峰模式;当转角为30°和45°时出现了多个峰值,但两者存在明显差异。图13(c)的第三峰值远高于图13(d),且图13(d)的第一峰值仍大于第二峰值。图14给出了下上述四种工况的隔板速度的频谱图。随着转角由−45°向45°过渡,能量谱峰值不断增加,达到45°时频谱成分最为复杂,表明此时隔板的垂荡运动开始呈现出不规则的模态。
图15给出了下翼板转角为−45°、30°、45°工况的瞬时波浪剖面图、流体流态与速度矢量幅值图。与−45°的工况相比,转角为30°和45°的工况都出现了越浪现象,这是由于下翼板与上部晃荡液体的耦合水动力作用所致。不同转角的下翼板对流体质点速度方向的影响不同,所以在不同工况下发生越浪现象时,对侧的晃荡波面通常会处于不同的相位,飞跃液体对其产生的扰动效果会有差异。45°的工况甚至出现了飞跃流体含有气泡的现象,其晃荡波面已经逐渐紊乱。由流体流态与速度矢量幅值图可知,下翼板转角为45°和30°的结构形式对液舱底部流体质点运动的阻挡减少,液舱的连通器效应较强,液体晃荡剧烈。转角为−45°的隔板可有效降低流体质点向上运动的速度,但产生漩涡的效率仍低于无转角的工况(见图11)。综合分析后可知,无转角的下翼板可提供最佳制荡性能。
本节研究最优浮式隔板形式在不同激励频率以及不同的液舱载液率下的制荡效果。图16对比了浮式隔板液舱与空液舱在左侧壁处的波面位移最大值。在不同载液率下,当外部激励接近液舱的一阶和二阶固有频率时,舱内均发生剧烈的晃荡现象并产生了巨大的波面位移。在液舱内设置了浮式隔板后,波面位移显著降低,液舱的一阶固有频率向高频方向移动。浮式隔板在大部分激励下尤其是在低频范围内,能对液舱内的晃荡现象起到明显抑制作用,整个频率范围内的波面位移被限制在很小的范围内,仅在浮式隔板液舱对应的固有频率附近制荡效果较差。
本研究提出了一种新型浮式隔板结构,利用数值模拟分析其在不同构型下对晃荡的抑制效果,依据最大波面位移确定了制荡效果最佳的隔板参数,通过频谱分析波面位移和隔板速度的变化规律,结合波浪剖面、流体流态与速度矢量幅值对其制荡的内在机理进行阐释,主要得出以下结论:
(1) 新型浮式隔板液舱在水平激励下的晃荡呈分舱模式,液舱中浮式隔板的垂荡运动是由隔板两侧波面高度差导致的,运动频率为激励频率的两倍,与本身固有频率无关。
(2) 本浮式隔板能够大幅降低危险工况的波面位移,从而有效抑制液舱内的晃荡现象,当腹板长度为$0.3H$、下翼板长度为$0.2L$且保持水平时,可实现最优制荡效果。
(3) 浮式隔板通过腹板切割自由液面来减小晃荡幅值,利用下翼板末端产生漩涡来消耗流体的能量,隔板的垂荡运动可进一步诱导漩涡的产生从而提升制荡效果,同时改变晃荡液面下流体质点的运动轨迹以减轻对舱壁的冲击。但若发生越浪现象会严重削弱浮式隔板的制荡效果,在实际应用中应适当调整静水面以上的腹板高度来避免这一现象。

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2026年第30卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.01.002
  • 接收时间:2025-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-01-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17
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    中国海洋大学,山东 青岛 266100

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史宏达(1967–),男,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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