Article(id=1281203356618179520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752076800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783392283825, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783392283825, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783392283825, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1783392283825, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1281202552578478607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='5', pageStart='659', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783392092127, creator='13041195026', updateTime=1783395243852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281215774769525418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281215775176372907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=699, endPage=707, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281203359352865729, articleId=1281203356618179520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Experimental study on distributed tribo-dynamic behavior of full-scale water-lubricated journal bearing with large aspect ratio, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under low-speed and deflection conditions, water-lubricated journal bearings (WLJBs) with large length-to-diameter ratios frequently exhibit abnormal wear and frictional vibrations, significantly compromising ship reliability and stealth capabilities. However, comprehensive experimental investigations on full-scale WLJBs remain insufficient, and the evolutionary mechanisms of dynamic behaviors under varying service conditions require further exploration. This study developed a distributed testing system for WLJBs based on a full-scale propulsion shafting test rig, and conducted running-in, speed characteristic, and elevation characteristic tests. From the perspective of tribological characteristics and lubrication zoning, the dynamic behavioral variations of different lubrication sub-regions under operational conditions are systematically revealed. The experimental results demonstrate that increased rotational speeds exacerbate shaft journal deflection, inducing hydrodynamic pressure peak migration toward the free-end lubrication sub-region; elevation modifications alter load distribution patterns among lubrication sub-regions, and distinct lift-off characteristics emerge among different lubrication sub-regions. These results provide critical validation data for developing dynamic models and optimizing structural designs of full-scale WLJBs in marine propulsion systems.

, authors=Qi-lin LIU1a, Wu OUYANG1a, 1b, 1c, Xue-kuan YU1a, Yong JIN1a, Lei WANG2, authorsList=Qi-lin LIU, Wu OUYANG, Xue-kuan YU, Yong JIN, Lei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xue-kuan YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281203406350042101, articleId=1281203356618179520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承分布式摩擦–动力学行为试验研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

低速偏斜下的大长径比水润滑径向轴承常出现异常磨损和摩擦振动,严重影响舰船可靠性和隐身能力。然而,关于全尺寸水润滑径向轴承性能测试的相关研究较少,其在不同服役状态下动力学行为演化机制尚待探究。本研究基于全尺寸推进轴系试验台,设计并构建了一套水润滑径向轴承分布式测试系统,开展了全尺寸水润滑径向轴承磨合试验、速度特性试验和标高特性试验。从摩擦学特性与润滑状态分区的角度,本文揭示了不同工况下轴承各润滑子区域的动力学行为变化规律。研究结果表明:转速提升会使轴颈挠曲程度增大,促使水膜压力峰值向自由端润滑子区迁移;而中间轴承标高改变会影响润滑子区域之间的载荷分配;不同润滑子区域的起飞特性呈现显著差异。研究结果为船舶大长径比水润滑径向轴承动力学建模与结构优化设计提供了重要的实证数据。

, authors=刘祺霖1a, 欧阳武1a, 1b, 1c, 于学宽1a, 金勇1a, 王磊2, authorsList=刘祺霖, 欧阳武, 于学宽, 金勇, 王磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=于学宽, authorNote=

刘祺霖(1996–),男,博士研究生

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于学宽(1987–),男,博士研究生,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:
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全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承分布式摩擦–动力学行为试验研究
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刘祺霖 1a , 欧阳武 1a, 1b, 1c , 于学宽 1a , 金勇 1a , 王磊 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2026,30(5): 699-707
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船舶力学 |流体力学 2026 , 30 (5) : 699 -707
全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承分布式摩擦–动力学行为试验研究
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刘祺霖1a, 欧阳武1a, 1b, 1c, 于学宽1a , 金勇1a, 王磊2
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院 武汉 430063
  • 1b.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室 武汉 430063
  • 1c.武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心可靠性与新能源研究所,武汉 430063 武汉 430063
  • 2.中国舰船研究设计中心,武汉 430064
通讯作者:
于学宽(1987–),男,博士研究生,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

刘祺霖(1996–),男,博士研究生

Experimental study on distributed tribo-dynamic behavior of full-scale water-lubricated journal bearing with large aspect ratio
Qi-lin LIU1a, Wu OUYANG1a, 1b, 1c, Xue-kuan YU1a , Yong JIN1a, Lei WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1a.Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety Wuhan 430063, China
  • 1b.Wuhan University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety Wuhan 430063, China
  • 1c.Wuhan University of Technology National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.004
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低速偏斜下的大长径比水润滑径向轴承常出现异常磨损和摩擦振动,严重影响舰船可靠性和隐身能力。然而,关于全尺寸水润滑径向轴承性能测试的相关研究较少,其在不同服役状态下动力学行为演化机制尚待探究。本研究基于全尺寸推进轴系试验台,设计并构建了一套水润滑径向轴承分布式测试系统,开展了全尺寸水润滑径向轴承磨合试验、速度特性试验和标高特性试验。从摩擦学特性与润滑状态分区的角度,本文揭示了不同工况下轴承各润滑子区域的动力学行为变化规律。研究结果表明:转速提升会使轴颈挠曲程度增大,促使水膜压力峰值向自由端润滑子区迁移;而中间轴承标高改变会影响润滑子区域之间的载荷分配;不同润滑子区域的起飞特性呈现显著差异。研究结果为船舶大长径比水润滑径向轴承动力学建模与结构优化设计提供了重要的实证数据。

全尺寸  /  大长径比  /  水润滑径向轴承  /  分布式  /  摩擦学特性  /  动力学行为

Under low-speed and deflection conditions, water-lubricated journal bearings (WLJBs) with large length-to-diameter ratios frequently exhibit abnormal wear and frictional vibrations, significantly compromising ship reliability and stealth capabilities. However, comprehensive experimental investigations on full-scale WLJBs remain insufficient, and the evolutionary mechanisms of dynamic behaviors under varying service conditions require further exploration. This study developed a distributed testing system for WLJBs based on a full-scale propulsion shafting test rig, and conducted running-in, speed characteristic, and elevation characteristic tests. From the perspective of tribological characteristics and lubrication zoning, the dynamic behavioral variations of different lubrication sub-regions under operational conditions are systematically revealed. The experimental results demonstrate that increased rotational speeds exacerbate shaft journal deflection, inducing hydrodynamic pressure peak migration toward the free-end lubrication sub-region; elevation modifications alter load distribution patterns among lubrication sub-regions, and distinct lift-off characteristics emerge among different lubrication sub-regions. These results provide critical validation data for developing dynamic models and optimizing structural designs of full-scale WLJBs in marine propulsion systems.

full-scale  /  large length-to-diameter ratio  /  water-lubricated journal bearing  /  distributed  /  tribological characteristic  /  dynamic behavior
刘祺霖, 欧阳武, 于学宽, 金勇, 王磊. 全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承分布式摩擦–动力学行为试验研究. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (5) : 699 -707 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.004
Qi-lin LIU, Wu OUYANG, Xue-kuan YU, Yong JIN, Lei WANG. Experimental study on distributed tribo-dynamic behavior of full-scale water-lubricated journal bearing with large aspect ratio[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (5) : 699 -707 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.004
水润滑径向轴承凭借其结构简洁性、环境友好性及维护便利等优势,已被广泛应用于舰船推进轴系的尾轴承,其主要承担螺旋桨的偏置载荷[12]。水润滑径向轴承的润滑介质黏度较低,导致其理论承载能力显著弱于油润滑轴承。为此,工程应用中普遍采用大长径比设计(L/D=2~4)来提升水润滑尾轴承的承载能力[3]。然而,在重载、含沙水质和海洋生物附着等恶劣工况下,水润滑尾轴承易处于混合或边界润滑状态[4],特别是在启停或快速机动过程中,润滑机制的动态转变易诱发轴颈与内衬之间发生摩擦振动与噪声,这是影响舰船机动性和隐蔽性提升的关键因素之一。
大长径比水润滑径向轴承的润滑状态主要受螺旋桨偏载的影响,一方面偏载引发的尾轴颈挠曲变形导致水膜压力分布发生显著改变,形成局部应力集中[5];另一方面,螺旋桨旋转产生的陀螺效应与轴系转速存在强关联性,该效应通过转子系统的交互作用使大长径比水润滑径向轴承呈现复杂动力学响应[6]。国内外研究者围绕偏载下水润滑轴承的润滑机制[78]和结构优化[910]等方面开展了诸多研究,Xiang等[11]建立了考虑不平衡载荷的水润滑径向轴承瞬态混合润滑模型,发现轴系启动过程中水膜力对不平衡载荷表现出高敏感性。Xie等[12]通过缩比试验探究了水润滑径向轴承的润滑状态转变机制,研究结果指出起飞转速受轴承半径间隙和表面粗糙度影响较大。Ouyang等[13]建立了考虑轴颈挠曲的水润滑径向轴承润滑特性模型,研究表明偏载增大会加剧水膜压力向水润滑尾轴承自由端集中。针对该现象,吕芳蕊等[14]提出了非等厚复合衬层水润滑径向轴承结构,研究表明该结构可以有效提高悬臂端轴承的最小水膜厚度,改善润滑状态。由于试验条件等的限制,上述研究主要集中于缩比水润滑径向轴承的数值仿真和试验,欧阳武等[15]曾开展全尺寸水润滑径向轴承试验研究,观测到轴承具有分布式动力学特性。然而,针对特征润滑子区域的摩擦–动力学行为演化规律,相关研究尚未开展深入解析。
综上所述,本文依托全尺寸推进轴系综合性能试验台,设计了分布式测试方案,测量内容包括轴向水膜压力分布和多截面平均轴心坐标。在此基础上,探究了不同润滑子区域在转速和轴承标高影响下的分布式摩擦–动力学特性,以期为全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承的动力学建模和性能优化设计提供依据。
大长径比水润滑径向轴承在螺旋桨偏载作用下的服役状态如图1所示,轴系运行中轴颈呈现两端下沉、中部拱起的挠曲变形状态,由此形成沿轴向的分布式润滑状态。基于上述特征,本研究将润滑区域划分为三个功能子区:自由端润滑子区域、固定端润滑子区域和中部润滑子区域,分别对应轴颈两端的下沉区和中部的拱起区。本文通过在轴承壳体上打孔,布置多个水膜压力传感器和电涡流位移传感器,以获取水润滑轴承的轴向水膜压力分布和多截面平均轴心坐标,进而研究不同工况下各润滑子区域的摩擦–动力学行为演化规律。
本研究采用全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承,内径为324 mm,半径间隙为0.5 mm,长径比为3.7。内衬材料为厚度39.84 mm的高分子材料,其弹性模量为2320 MPa,泊松比为0.327,密度为1300 kg·m−3。轴承内衬两侧开有半径r为95.5 mm的弧形槽,槽心距d为79.5 mm,如图3(b)所示。此外,定义文中轴承的水平方向为X轴,垂直方向为Y轴,轴向为Z轴。
水润滑尾轴承轴向水膜压力分布测量方案如图2所示,共安装9个水膜压力传感器(型号:XP5,法国FGP公司)。其中,Pb1传感器设置于距离轴承尾端面的L/20截面处,旨在获取自由端润滑子区域的混合润滑状态数据,其余压力传感器采用间距为L/10的均布式安装方案,并选取各测点水膜压力的平均值进行分析。值得说明的是,水膜压力传感器加装工装后,其顶部设有直径为1.5 mm的引流孔,该结构可有效避免轴颈–轴承内衬局部接触工况下的信号采集失效问题,确保水膜压力传感系统在恶劣润滑状态下测量的可靠性。
转速提升过程中轴颈的平均轴心坐标变化趋势是反映水润滑径向轴承摩擦–动力学行为的重要参考。考虑到水润滑尾轴承等效支点一般位于L/3和L/4处,因此本文选择在距离轴承尾端面的L/4、L/3和2L/3处布置测试截面(D1~D3),分析大长径比水润滑径向轴承的分布式摩擦–动力学特性。每个测试截面采用45°对置式布置方案安装两个电涡流位移传感器。同时,在轴承后方布置一个电涡流传感器“JX1”作为鉴相传感器,通过检测转轴表面粘贴金属片的周期性位移变化,获取转子旋转相位参考信号,以实现轴心轨迹的相位同步与旋转周期识别,测试布局如图3所示。电涡流传感器采用Micro-Epsilon U3-DT3010-A/M型传感器,量程为3 mm,分辨率为0.15 μm,其测量原理基于探头线圈阻抗变化实现非接触式位移检测。通过式(1)进行坐标变换,获得XY方向轴颈的平均轴心坐标(XDj, YDj)。
$ \begin{cases} {X}_{Dj}=\dfrac{({x}_{1}+\cdots +{x}_{i}\cdots +{x}_{n})}{n}\\{Y}_{Dj}=\dfrac{({y}_{1}+\cdots +{y}_{i}\cdots +{y}_{n})}{n}\end{cases} \begin{array}{cc} & (i=1,\cdots ,n;j=1,2,3)\end{array} $
式中:xiyi分别为第i个采样点的水平坐标和垂直坐标;XDjYDj分别代表第j个测试截面的平均水平坐标和平均垂直坐标;n为转子旋转一个周期的采样点的总数,可通过鉴相信号来判断转子的周期性。
基于多截面轴颈平均轴心坐标,利用最小二乘法拟合获得倾斜轴线轨迹方程。通过轴线斜率k计算轴颈垂向倾角α,将其作为表征量可进行轴颈挠曲变形程度的量化分析,其求解过程如图3(c)所示。其中,($ {Y}_{D1} $$ {Z}_{D1} $)、($ {Y}_{D2} $$ {Z}_{D2} $)和($ {Y}_{D3} $$ {Z}_{D3} $)分别为三个测试截面轴颈的平均垂直坐标和轴向坐标;$ {\overline{Y}}_{D} $$ {\overline{Z}}_{D} $分别为前述三组坐标平均值;b为截距。
图4(a)为全尺寸推进轴系综合性能试验台,相比于实际轴系,该试验台具有轴系结构布置相似性、轴系传动部件参数相似性和运行工况相似性的特点。试验台传动部件由后轴承、中间轴承和推力径向轴承组成,各支撑轴承的内径均大于300 mm,其中以后轴承作为试验轴承。轴系自由端布置有7.5 t的配重盘以模拟螺旋桨的偏置载荷,中间轴承下方布置有标高调节装置来模拟船体变形对轴系的影响,如图4(b)所示。
全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承的试验主要分为三个部分:磨合试验、速度特性试验和标高特性试验。其中,磨合试验共开展三个转速循环,转速变化范围为40~200 r/min,总共进行36 h;速度特性的转速变化范围为15~195 r/min,着重分析转速提升过程中水润滑轴承动力学行为变化规律;中间轴承的标高设置为–2.18 mm、0 mm和2.18 mm,开展标高特性试验,用于研究中间轴承标高变化引起轴系载荷重分布对水润滑径向轴承性能的影响机制。
在标高为0 mm、转速15~195 r/min的条件下,水润滑径向轴承轴向水膜压力如图5所示。由图可知,转速提升显著改变了水润滑轴承的分布式润滑状态。具体而言,固定端子区域的水膜压力增幅最小,自由端润滑子区域的水膜压力增幅最大,该区域成为外载荷的主要承载区,这是由于转速提升增强了配重盘的陀螺效应,导致轴颈挠曲加剧,使轴承核心承载区向自由端移动。中部润滑子区域的变化同样可以印证这一点,Pb5测点的水膜压力随转速提升先增后减,当转速达到195 r/min时,水膜压力峰值迁移到Pb4测点,表明中部润滑子区域承载能力下降且压力峰值向自由端迁移。上述水膜压力变化的差异性反映出各润滑子区域具有不同的起飞特性。因此,选取Pb1、Pb5和Pb9测点的水膜压力数据,进一步分析各个润滑子区域的动力学特性。
转速由15 r/min提升至195 r/min的过程中Pb1、Pb5和Pb9测点水膜压力变化情况如图6所示,其中变化率λ为相邻转速工况下水膜压力相对变化量,可表示为λ=Pi+1Pi)/Pi。由于三个测点的水膜压力量级差异较大,为避免数据重叠并且清晰区分各曲线特征,三条曲线分别采用不同颜色绘制,并配以与对应曲线同色的独立坐标轴。对于中部润滑子区域(Pb5测点),在转速达到35 r/min时,Pb5测点的压力幅值出现显著跃升,变化率达到116%,随后增幅速率呈现非线性衰减趋势。直至转速达到95 r/min,压力幅值进入缓降阶段,变化率约为−2%,表明此时水膜已具备足够承载能力,轴承中部润滑子区域完成由混合润滑向动压润滑的过渡,35 r/min为其起飞转速,进入稳定的流体动压润滑状态;固定端润滑子区域(Pb9测点)呈现相似的变化趋势,但其受中间轴承约束效应影响,最大压力幅值及变化率较中部润滑子区域分别降低164 kPa和80%,说明该区域同样在此转速下完成了混合润滑向动压润滑的过渡;自由端润滑子区域(Pb1测点)的变化特征与前两者显著不同,在转速55~95 r/min范围内,水膜压力变化率在50%波动,随后变化率缓慢下降,既未出现显著的跃升峰值,也未观察到类似中部和固定端那样骤降至近零的现象。当转速进一步提升至195 r/min时,变化率仅缓慢下降至17%。相比于中部和固定端润滑子区域,自由端压力变化曲线没有出现较为显著的峰值,这是由于水润滑尾轴承运行时受到偏载的作用,自由端的轴颈与内衬始终存在微凸体接触,难以完全形成流体动压润滑[16]
标高为0 mm时,转速由15 r/min提升至195 r/min过程中,轴承D1~D3截面的平均轴心坐标变化曲线如图7所示,由图可知三个测试截面的平均轴心轨迹均向尾轴承的−X和+Y方向偏移,表明轴颈在转速增大过程中抬升,导致轴颈与内衬的微凸体接触面积减小,从而改善摩擦副润滑状态,水膜力承担更多的载荷。值得注意的是,D1D2截面的几何位置相近(分别为L/4和L/3),导致它们起始抬升转速均为55 r/min,而D3截面受偏载约束作用最小,其起始抬升转速为35 r/min,相对更低。研究者们通常采用垂向倾角表征轴颈挠曲变形程度,为此采用图3(c)所示的方法获得轴颈垂向倾角α,可以发现轴颈垂向倾角与转速呈显著正相关性,转速提升过程中,轴颈垂向倾角由8.72×10−3°增大至9.70×10−3°,说明转速提高会加剧偏载对大长径比水润滑径向轴承的影响。
试验台的标高调节装置布置于中间轴承座,前期的仿真结果表明[17]中间轴承标高增大导致中间轴承的载荷增加,而水润滑尾轴承的载荷相应降低,两者呈现负相关耦合关系。
本节提取35 r/min、115 r/min和195 r/min三个特征转速,分别对应大长径比水润滑径向轴承在低、中和高速区间的典型服役工况,以研究中间轴承标高为−2.18 mm、0 mm和2.18 mm时的径向轴承润滑状态,如图8所示。中间轴承标高由0 mm下调至−2.18 mm的过程中,三个润滑子区域呈现差异化水膜压力响应,其中自由端水膜压力峰值小幅下降,固定端水膜压力峰值显著上升,而中部区域水膜压力分布保持稳定。在35 r/min和115 r/min工况下,中间轴承标高下调引起轴承固定端水膜压力集中,其压力峰值的相对增幅较自由端高1个数量级,成为主要承载区域。随着转速提升至195 r/min,流体动压效应主导的承载水膜形成机制显著增强,自由端与固定端润滑子区域的水膜压力峰值差缩小至9%,起到了一定的均载效果。中间轴承标高由0 mm上调到2.18 mm的过程中,尾轴承整体载荷降低导致中部润滑区域的水膜压力显著下降。当转速为195 r/min时,Pb5测点的水膜压力由316 kPa降低至接近环境压力(130 kPa),反映轴承中部区域流体动压润滑作用的减弱。然而,自由端润滑子区域水膜压力峰值呈现逆势增长特征,且增幅随转速提升而增大。该现象一方面是由于转速提升增强了螺旋桨偏载的影响;另一方面,中间轴承标高上调导致自由端轴颈下沉、固定端轴颈上浮,使轴颈挠曲程度增大,促使水膜压力向轴承自由端转移,加剧了水膜压力分布的不均匀性。
转速为115 r/min时,在标高由−2.18 mm增大到2.18 mm的过程中,水润滑径向轴承多截面平均轴心坐标变化曲线如图9所示。由图可以发现,中间轴承标高由0 mm上调至2.18 mm时,三个截面的平均轴心轨迹均沿+Y方向和+X方向产生不同程度的偏移,其中D3截面的垂直方向位移量最大,达到0.15 mm。这是由于中间轴承标高增大使尾轴承载荷降低,尾轴颈抬升;但由于偏载的作用,轴颈的抬升程度不一,一定程度上加剧了轴颈挠曲。当中间轴承标高下降使尾轴承载荷增大时,自由端和固定端润滑子区域的水膜厚度难以进一步减小,轴颈与轴承之间局部接触面积增大,摩擦副界面的接触刚度显著增强,导致轴颈无法进一步下沉。
本文以大长径比水润滑径向轴承为研究对象,基于全尺寸推进轴系综合性能试验台,构建了一套分布式测试系统,旨在研究不同转速和标高下水润滑径向轴承分布式摩擦–动力学行为的变化规律,得到以下结论:
(1) 在转速提升过程中,三个测试截面的平均轴心坐标出现不同程度的抬升,但轴颈挠曲程度逐渐增大,导致全尺寸大长径比水润滑径向轴承的主要承载区向自由端迁移,其中自由端水膜压力(Pb1测点)增幅显著且持续,而中部和固定端区域压力峰值变化率呈现先增后减的趋势,在195 r/min时中部区域压力峰值由Pb5测点迁移至Pb4测点。建议大长径比水润滑径向轴承采用分布式内衬结构设计,重点关注自由端区域的应力分布情况。
(2) 各润滑子区域的起飞特性呈现显著差异。中部润滑子区域的压力峰值在35 r/min达到最大变化率116%,随后经历两段衰减阶段:初期增幅速率急剧下降,继而转为缓降模式。固定端润滑子区域虽呈现相似规律,但受端面约束效应的影响,其压力幅值以及变化率均小于前者;自由端区域受到严重的偏载影响,尽管水膜压力峰值最大,但在55~95 r/min区间仅维持约50%的压力变化率,随后伴随转速提升出现渐进式下降,难以形成完全流体动压润滑。
(3) 中间轴承标高下调引发固定端区域局部压力剧增,上调则削弱中部动压效应,导致水膜压力峰值向自由端润滑子区域迁移。在中低速工况下,固定端润滑子区域压力分布对标高变化更为敏感,其压力峰值较自由端可达一个数量级。值得关注的是,高速工况下轴颈挠曲变形的加剧引发自由端压力非线性陡增,此时标高下调能够均衡压力梯度分布,有效拓展中部承载区覆盖范围,从而优化了全域润滑性能。

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2026年第30卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.004
  • 接收时间:2025-07-10
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-10
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    1a.武汉理工大学 交通与物流工程学院 武汉 430063
    1b.武汉理工大学 水路交通控制全国重点实验室 武汉 430063
    1c.武汉理工大学 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心可靠性与新能源研究所,武汉 430063 武汉 430063
    2.中国舰船研究设计中心,武汉 430064

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于学宽(1987–),男,博士研究生,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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