Article(id=1281202567929639765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772726400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1783392095786, onlineDateStr=2026-07-07, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1783392095786, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1783392095786, creator=13041195026, updateTime=1783392095786, updator=13041195026, issue=Issue{id=1281202552578478607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2026', volume='30', issue='5', pageStart='659', pageEnd='842', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778774400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-15', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1783392092127, creator='13041195026', updateTime=1783395243852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1281215774769525418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1281215775176372907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1281202552578478607, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=825, endPage=842, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1281202571998114646, articleId=1281202567929639765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Acoustic scattering characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer gradient acoustic coating, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Applying an acoustic coating to the hull effectively reduces target strength while reducing both mechanical and hydrodynamic noise. In this study, a finite ribbed cylindrical shell is studied based on the modal superposition method. A computational model is developed to predict the acoustic scattering of a finite ribbed cylindrical shell with multilayer gradient acoustic coating in an infinite ideal fluid. The influence of characteristic impedance parameters—such as sound speed and density—on the scattering form function is examined, and an optimized impedance distribution for the multilayer gradient acoustic coating is proposed to suppress scattering across different frequency bands. In addition, the effects of frequency-dependent characteristic impedance of embedded-cavity acoustic coatings and stiffeners of cylindrical shells on the scattering form function are investigated. Results show that multilayer gradient acoustic coating with characteristic impedance gradually increasing from the inner to the outer surface can effectively reduce the scattering form function in lower frequency ranges. Furthermore, frequency-dependent acoustic coatings result in broadband scattering control from low to high frequencies, and applying an optimized layered coating to the rib-stiffened cylindrical shell yields a substantial reduction in its scattering form function for frequencies above 500 Hz.

, authors=Bai-xi YU1, 2, Yi-peng CHENG3, Can SIMA1, 2, Zhen-guo BAI1, 2, authorsList=Bai-xi YU, Yi-peng CHENG, Can SIMA, Zhen-guo BAI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bai-xi YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Ship Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1281202961208553695, articleId=1281202567929639765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳声散射特性, columnId=1241023038515376243, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体与结构声学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在潜艇壳体表面敷设声学覆盖层,可有效降低声目标强度,并可兼顾对机械噪声和水动力噪声的多重控制。本文以有限长加肋圆柱壳为研究对象,基于模态叠加法,建立了自由场环境中敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层有限长加肋圆柱壳的声散射计算模型,分析了覆盖层的声速、密度等特征声阻抗参数对圆柱壳声散射形态函数的影响规律,提出了一种分层梯度覆盖层的特征声阻抗分布来有效降低不同频段散射形态函数的方法。同时,研究了具有频率相关特征声阻抗的内置空腔覆盖层和加肋圆柱壳对散射形态函数的影响特征。研究结果表明:采用从内层到外层声阻抗逐渐递增的分层梯度覆盖层可在更低频段有效降低散射形态函数,特征声阻抗与频率相关的分层梯度覆盖层可以兼顾从低频到高频的声散射控制,敷设参数经过优化的分层覆盖层可以使加肋圆柱壳声散射形态函数在500 Hz以上频段明显降低。

, authors=俞白兮1, 2, 程一鹏3, 司马灿1, 2, 白振国1, 2, authorsList=俞白兮, 程一鹏, 司马灿, 白振国, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=俞白兮, authorNote=

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

, correspAuthorsNote=
俞白兮(1990–),男,硕士,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《船舶力学》编辑部2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Pl1e1RJmsNo7v6hTTNek5A==, magXml=2SAWnhxJ/oVBYNUeXxk2Nw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=/ZgmsUMlWiJA8wRMRVWa/A==, pdfFileSize=3108266, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=zYOTNvcrO2WE1bAffjFxeA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Ybr4rRoizO1G6/TEIRiS9w==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1281202966346576108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15806180898@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202968439533807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202966346576108, language=EN, stringName=Bai-xi YU, firstName=Bai-xi, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202969169342704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202966346576108, language=CN, stringName=俞白兮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])]), Author(id=1281202969651687666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202970150809844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202969651687666, language=EN, stringName=Yi-peng CHENG, firstName=Yi-peng, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202970876424437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202969651687666, language=CN, stringName=程一鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072, bio={"content":"

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202965818093800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965830676713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965847453930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072)])]), Author(id=1281202972940022008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202973791465723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202972940022008, language=EN, stringName=Can SIMA, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=SIMA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202974319948028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202972940022008, language=CN, stringName=司马灿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio={"content":"

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])]), Author(id=1281202975041368318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202975855063297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202975041368318, language=EN, stringName=Zhen-guo BAI, firstName=Zhen-guo, middleName=null, lastName=BAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202977528590594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202975041368318, language=CN, stringName=白振国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio={"content":"

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1281202978828824836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=multilayer gradient), Keyword(id=1281202979608965381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=acoustic coating), Keyword(id=1281202980078727431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ribbed cylindrical shell), Keyword(id=1281202981848723720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=acoustic scattering), Keyword(id=1281202982578532617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=分层梯度), Keyword(id=1281202983044100362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=声学覆盖层), Keyword(id=1281202983534833931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=加肋圆柱壳), Keyword(id=1281202984239477004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=声散射)], refs=[Reference(id=1281203023326196021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=294, pageEnd=308, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=俞白兮, 李 凯, 张 峰, journalName=船舶力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=俞白兮, 李 凯, 张 峰, . 敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳声辐射特性研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2024, 28(2): 294‒308., articleTitle=敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳声辐射特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203023829512503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=28, issue=2, pageStart=294, pageEnd=308, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=Yu B X, Li K, Zhang F, journalName=Journal of Ship Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu B X, Li K, Zhang F, et al. Sound radiation characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer graded acoustical coating[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024, 28(2): 294‒308. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Sound radiation characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer graded acoustical coating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203024521572664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=323, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=2, authorNames=Yu B X, Li K, Zhu Z D, journalName=Ocean Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu B X, Li K, Zhu Z D, et al. Study on hydrodynamic noise characteristics of stiffened cylindrical shell with multilayer gradient acoustic coating[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2025, 323: 120527., articleTitle=Study on hydrodynamic noise characteristics of stiffened cylindrical shell with multilayer gradient acoustic coating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203024949391673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=3, authorNames=Skelton E A, James J H, journalName=Theoretical acoustic of underwater structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Skelton E A, James J H. Theoretical acoustic of underwater structures[M]. Imperial College Press, 1997., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203026702610746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=98, issue=4, pageStart=2149, pageEnd=2156, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=4, authorNames=Huang H, Gaunaurd G C, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Huang H, Gaunaurd G C. Acoustic scattering of a plane wave by two spherical elastic shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995, 98(4): 2149‒2156., articleTitle=Acoustic scattering of a plane wave by two spherical elastic shells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203027184955707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1987, volume=82, issue=4, pageStart=1369, pageEnd=1379, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=5, authorNames=Werby M F, Gaunaurd G C, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Werby M F, Gaunaurd G C. Classification of resonances from scattering at arbitrary incident angles from submerged spheroidal shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987, 82(4): 1369‒1379., articleTitle=Classification of resonances from scattering at arbitrary incident angles from submerged spheroidal shells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203027902181692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1966, volume=39, issue=2, pageStart=272, pageEnd=275, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=6, authorNames=Doolittle R D, Überall H, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Doolittle R D, Überall H. Sound scattering by elastic cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1966, 39(2): 272‒275 ., articleTitle=Sound scattering by elastic cylindrical shells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203028829122877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=91, issue=2, pageStart=670, pageEnd=679, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=Tran-van-nhieu M, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tran-van-nhieu M. Scattering from a finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 91(2): 670‒679 ., articleTitle=Scattering from a finite cylindrical shell, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203029567320382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=110, issue=6, pageStart=2858, pageEnd=2866, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=Tran-van-nhieu M, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tran-van-nhieu M. Scattering from a ribbed finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001, 110(6): 2858‒2866., articleTitle=Scattering from a ribbed finite cylindrical shell, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203031337316672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=490, pageEnd=497, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=9, authorNames=郑国垠, 范 军, 汤渭霖, journalName=声学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郑国垠, 范 军, 汤渭霖. 充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射: Ⅰ. 理论[J]. 声学学报, 2009, 34(6): 490‒497., articleTitle=充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射: Ⅰ. 理论, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203032062931265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=34, issue=6, pageStart=490, pageEnd=497, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=Zheng G Y, Fan J, Tang W L, journalName=Acta Acustica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zheng G Y, Fan J, Tang W L. Acoustic scattering from fluid-filled finite cylindrical shell in water: I. theory[J]. Acta Acustica, 2009, 34(6): 490‒497. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Acoustic scattering from fluid-filled finite cylindrical shell in water: I. theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203032536887618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=134, issue=null, pageStart=3452, pageEnd=3463, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=Pan A, Fan J, Wang B, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Pan A, Fan J, Wang B. Acoustic scattering from a double periodically bulkheaded and ribbed finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013, 134: 3452‒3463., articleTitle=Acoustic scattering from a double periodically bulkheaded and ribbed finite cylindrical shell, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203033006649667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=91, issue=4, pageStart=1834, pageEnd=1843, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=12, authorNames=Klauson A, Metsaveer J, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Klauson A, Metsaveer J. Sound scattering by a cylindrical shell reinforced by lengthwise ribs and walls[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 91(4): 1834‒1843., articleTitle=Sound scattering by a cylindrical shell reinforced by lengthwise ribs and walls, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203033719681348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=143, issue=6, pageStart=3332, pageEnd=3344, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=13, authorNames=Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J. Acoustic scattering from a cylindrical shell with an internal rigid plate: Analysis and experiment[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018, 143(6): 3332‒3344., articleTitle=Acoustic scattering from a cylindrical shell with an internal rigid plate: Analysis and experiment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203034227192133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=148, issue=2, pageStart=984, pageEnd=997, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=14, authorNames=Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J. Acoustic scattering from an infinitely long cylindrical shell with periodic internal lengthwise ribs[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2020, 148(2): 984‒997., articleTitle=Acoustic scattering from an infinitely long cylindrical shell with periodic internal lengthwise ribs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203035942662470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=140, issue=3, pageStart=1609, pageEnd=1617, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=15, authorNames=Meyer V, Maxit L, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meyer V, Maxit L. A sub-structuring approach for modeling the acoustic scattering from stiffened submerged shells coupled to non-axisymmetric internal structures[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016, 140(3): 1609‒1617., articleTitle=A sub-structuring approach for modeling the acoustic scattering from stiffened submerged shells coupled to non-axisymmetric internal structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203036345315655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=108, issue=3, pageStart=1027, pageEnd=1035, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=16, authorNames=Photiadis D M, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Photiadis D M. Resonance response of complex shell structures[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000, 108(3): 1027‒1035., articleTitle=Resonance response of complex shell structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203036806689096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=125, issue=1, pageStart=42, pageEnd=51, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=17, authorNames=Waterman P C, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Waterman P C. T-matrix methods in acoustic scattering[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009, 125(1): 42‒51., articleTitle=T-matrix methods in acoustic scattering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203037951734089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1968, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=41, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=18, authorNames=Schenck H A, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schenck H A. Improved integral formulation for acoustic radiation problems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1968, 44(1): 41‒58., articleTitle=Improved integral formulation for acoustic radiation problems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203038429884746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1978, volume=13, issue=null, pageStart=123, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=19, authorNames=Wilton D T, journalName=International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wilton D T. Acoustic radiation and scattering from elastic structures[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1978, 13: 123‒138., articleTitle=Acoustic radiation and scattering from elastic structures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203040220852555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=76, issue=2, pageStart=599, pageEnd=607, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=20, authorNames=Tobocman W, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tobocman W. Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation I[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1984, 76(2): 599‒607., articleTitle=Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation I, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203040615117132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1984, volume=76, issue=5, pageStart=1549, pageEnd=1554, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=21, authorNames=Tobocman W, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Tobocman W. Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation II[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1984, 76(5): 1549‒1554., articleTitle=Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation II, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203041332343117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1985, volume=77, issue=2, pageStart=362, pageEnd=368, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=22, authorNames=Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, et al. An advanced computational method for radiation and scattering of acoustic wave in three dimensions[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1985, 77(2): 362‒368., articleTitle=An advanced computational method for radiation and scattering of acoustic wave in three dimensions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203041789522254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1986, volume=80, issue=4, pageStart=1241, pageEnd=1247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=23, authorNames=Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, et al. A special integral equation formulation for acoustic radiation and scattering for axisymmetric bodies and boundary condition[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 80(4): 1241‒1247., articleTitle=A special integral equation formulation for acoustic radiation and scattering for axisymmetric bodies and boundary condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203042208952655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=89, issue=5, pageStart=2185, pageEnd=2196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=24, authorNames=Miller R D, Huang H, Meyer E T, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Miller R D, Huang H, Meyer E T, et al. A comparison between the boundary element method and the wave superposition approach for the analysis of the scattered fields from rigid bodies and elastic shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991, 89(5): 2185‒2196., articleTitle=A comparison between the boundary element method and the wave superposition approach for the analysis of the scattered fields from rigid bodies and elastic shells, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203042670326096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=92, issue=6, pageStart=3343, pageEnd=3357, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=25, authorNames=Stepanishen P R, Chen H W, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stepanishen P R, Chen H W. Acoustic harmonic radiation and scattering from shells of revolution using finite element and internal source density method[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 92(6): 3343‒3357., articleTitle=Acoustic harmonic radiation and scattering from shells of revolution using finite element and internal source density method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203045061079377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=170, issue=1, pageStart=97, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=26, authorNames=Astley R J, Macaulay G J, Coyette J P, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Astley R J, Macaulay G J, Coyette J P. Mapped wave envelope elements for acoustical radiation and scattering[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 170(1): 97‒118., articleTitle=Mapped wave envelope elements for acoustical radiation and scattering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203045639893330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=97, issue=4, pageStart=2028, pageEnd=2040, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=27, authorNames=Cremers L, Fyfe K R, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Cremers L, Fyfe K R. On the use of variable order infinite wave envelope elements for acoustic radiation and scsttering[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995, 97(4): 2028‒2040., articleTitle=On the use of variable order infinite wave envelope elements for acoustic radiation and scsttering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203046348730707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=158, issue=null, pageStart=117, pageEnd=141, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=28, authorNames=Burnett D S, Holford R L, journalName=Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Burnett D S, Holford R L. Prolate and oblate spheroidal acoustic infinite elements[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1998, 158: 117‒141., articleTitle=Prolate and oblate spheroidal acoustic infinite elements, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203046893990229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=267, pageEnd=272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=29, authorNames=Laulagnet B, Guyader J L, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laulagnet B, Guyader J L. Sound radiation from a finite cylindrical shell covered with a compliant layer[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1991, 113: 267‒272., articleTitle=Sound radiation from a finite cylindrical shell covered with a compliant layer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203047648964950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=186, issue=5, pageStart=723, pageEnd=742, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=30, authorNames=Laulagnet B, Guyader J L, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Laulagnet B, Guyader J L. Sound radiation from finite cylindrical shells, partially covered with longitudinal strips of compliant layer[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995, 186(5): 723‒742., articleTitle=Sound radiation from finite cylindrical shells, partially covered with longitudinal strips of compliant layer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203048143892823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=141, issue=null, pageStart=188, pageEnd=197, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Liu S X, Zou M S, journalName=Applied Acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu S X, Zou M S. Vibratory response and acoustic radiation of a finite cylindrical shell partially covered with circumferential compliant layers[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 141: 188‒197., articleTitle=Vibratory response and acoustic radiation of a finite cylindrical shell partially covered with circumferential compliant layers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203048932421976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=137, issue=3, pageStart=1551, pageEnd=1556, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Fu X Y, Jin Z K, Liu B L, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu X Y, Jin Z K, Liu B L. Sound absorption of a rib-stiffened plate covered by anechoic coatings[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015, 137(3): 1551‒1556., articleTitle=Sound absorption of a rib-stiffened plate covered by anechoic coatings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203049750311257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=183, pageEnd=187, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Zhao D, Zhao H G, Yang H B, journalName=Applied Acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao D, Zhao H G, Yang H B, et al. Optimization and mechanism of acoustic absorption of Alberich coatings on a steel plate in water[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 140: 183‒187., articleTitle=Optimization and mechanism of acoustic absorption of Alberich coatings on a steel plate in water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203050584977755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=280, issue=1-2, pageStart=101, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Hasheminejad S M, Safari N, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hasheminejad S M, Safari N. Acoustic scattering from viscoelastically coated spheres and cylinders in viscous fluids[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 280(1-2): 101‒125., articleTitle=Acoustic scattering from viscoelastically coated spheres and cylinders in viscous fluids, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203051046351196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=179, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Ke Y B, Zhang L, journalName=Applied Acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ke Y B, Zhang L. An equivalent method for predicting acoustic scattering of coated shell using identified viscoelastic parameters of anechoic coating[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2021, 179: 108071., articleTitle=An equivalent method for predicting acoustic scattering of coated shell using identified viscoelastic parameters of anechoic coating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203051771965789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=150, issue=null, pageStart=4308, pageEnd=4314, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Sharma G S, Marsick A, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharma G S, Marsick A. Acoustic radiation from a cylindrical shell with a voided soft elastic coating[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2021, 150: 4308‒4314., articleTitle=Acoustic radiation from a cylindrical shell with a voided soft elastic coating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203052229144926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=393, issue=null, pageStart=157, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=37, authorNames=Daneshjou K, Talebitooti R, journalName=Journal of Sound and Vibration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Daneshjou K, Talebitooti R. Vibroacoustic study on a multilayered functionally graded cylindrical shell with poroelastic core and bonded-unbonded configuration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2017, 393: 157‒175., articleTitle=Vibroacoustic study on a multilayered functionally graded cylindrical shell with poroelastic core and bonded-unbonded configuration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203052661158239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=394, pageEnd=404, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=38, authorNames=师康康, 靳国永, 叶天贵, journalName=声学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=师康康, 靳国永, 叶天贵, . 含空腔的功能梯度声学覆盖层水下吸声特性[J]. 声学学报, 2021, 46(3): 394‒404., articleTitle=含空腔的功能梯度声学覆盖层水下吸声特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203053101560160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=394, pageEnd=404, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Shi K K, Jin G Y, Ye T G, journalName=Acta Acustica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shi K K, Jin G Y, Ye T G, et al. Underwater sound absorption performance of functionally graded anechoic coating with cavities[J]. Acta Acustica, 2021, 46(3): 394‒404. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Underwater sound absorption performance of functionally graded anechoic coating with cavities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203055253238113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1978, volume=63, issue=2, pageStart=328, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=40, authorNames=Stepanishen P R, journalName=Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Stepanishen P R. Radiated power and radiation loading of cylindrical surfaces with nonuniform velocity distributions[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1978, 63(2): 328‒338., articleTitle=Radiated power and radiation loading of cylindrical surfaces with nonuniform velocity distributions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203055655891298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=41, authorNames=申杰罗夫, journalName=水声学波动问题, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申杰罗夫. 水声学波动问题[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1983., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203056054350179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1983, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=42, authorNames=Shenderov E L, journalName=Wave problems in underwater acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shenderov E L. Wave problems in underwater acoustics[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1983. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203056792547684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=43, authorNames=Graff K F, journalName=Wave motion in elastic solids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Graff K F. Wave motion in elastic solids[M]. Courier Corporation, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203057287475557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=142, issue=6, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=44, authorNames=Sharma G S, Faverjon B, Dureisseix D, journalName=Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sharma G S, Faverjon B, Dureisseix D, et al. Acoustic performance of a periodically voided viscoelastic medium with uncertainty in design parameters[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2020, 142(6): 061002., articleTitle=Acoustic performance of a periodically voided viscoelastic medium with uncertainty in design parameters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1281203059812446566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=12, issue=4, pageStart=543, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=45, authorNames=Fang X, Pan X, Zhang X, journalName=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fang X, Pan X, Zhang X, et al. Investigation on low-frequency and broadband sound absorption of the compact anechoic coating considering hydrostatic pressure[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2024, 12(4): 543., articleTitle=Investigation on low-frequency and broadband sound absorption of the compact anechoic coating considering hydrostatic pressure, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202965818093800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965830676713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965847453930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1281202986793808141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of a finite stiffened cylindrical shell covered with multilayer gradient acoustic coatings, figureFileSmall=0lSK7S1s7WAuh3zBFSgTcA==, figureFileBig=zYOTNvcrO2WE1bAffjFxeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202987305513230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图1, caption=敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳模型示意图, figureFileSmall=0lSK7S1s7WAuh3zBFSgTcA==, figureFileBig=zYOTNvcrO2WE1bAffjFxeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202990979723535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of a cylindrical shell subjected to an obliquely incident plane wave, figureFileSmall=qi9gFm5b/9mSgt+7PhUwiA==, figureFileBig=5Q+kcwcHNEBLeXE0D0a9nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202991772446992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图2, caption=圆柱壳受斜入射平面波作用示意图, figureFileSmall=qi9gFm5b/9mSgt+7PhUwiA==, figureFileBig=5Q+kcwcHNEBLeXE0D0a9nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202992288346385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Acoustic scattering model of finite cylindrical shell (COMSOL), figureFileSmall=wBkhr8XfBore787a4XuWJg==, figureFileBig=uZsXElHqxk6/93BeopSkmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202993030738194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图3, caption=有限长圆柱壳声散射COMSOL模型, figureFileSmall=wBkhr8XfBore787a4XuWJg==, figureFileBig=uZsXElHqxk6/93BeopSkmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202993462751507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of scattering form function of the cylindrical shell validation model, figureFileSmall=SySWAGRoCN3IjkaqxcchdQ==, figureFileBig=qUvIr+KFKexaKe+zBfGnwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202995337605397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图4, caption=圆柱壳验证模型散射形态函数计算结果比较, figureFileSmall=SySWAGRoCN3IjkaqxcchdQ==, figureFileBig=qUvIr+KFKexaKe+zBfGnwQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202995698315543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effect of water layer on the total scattering form function of the cylindrical shell, figureFileSmall=KwUEdQZqQNCWbGlzQ9q78A==, figureFileBig=J0Dmm3p6IioSrcCPHQFl3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202996386181400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图5, caption=水层对圆柱壳总散射形态函数的影响, figureFileSmall=KwUEdQZqQNCWbGlzQ9q78A==, figureFileBig=J0Dmm3p6IioSrcCPHQFl3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202996910469401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Comparison of shell surface root mean square (RMS) velocity results, figureFileSmall=d2HyYEVTYkQmNO9Ua8SmZw==, figureFileBig=Yt+mzISd39VHKVQ3tRgFEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202997657055514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图6, caption=表面均方振速结果比较, figureFileSmall=d2HyYEVTYkQmNO9Ua8SmZw==, figureFileBig=Yt+mzISd39VHKVQ3tRgFEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281202998097457435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Scattering form functions at different azimuth angles, figureFileSmall=TJSUB63S7leLZQxPlxxxig==, figureFileBig=NNNVPg7qqF/mj0NzlV1P5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203000161055004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同方位角下的散射形态函数, figureFileSmall=TJSUB63S7leLZQxPlxxxig==, figureFileBig=NNNVPg7qqF/mj0NzlV1P5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203000651788573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Influence of acoustic parameters of uniform acoustic coatings on the scattering form functions of the cylindrical shell, figureFileSmall=6p+ANjJ8sHqa5Sp/oNgdkw==, figureFileBig=BYDizR53Y0nm/Qib9lkVew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203001440317726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图8, caption=均匀声学覆盖层声学参数对圆柱壳散射形态函数的影响, figureFileSmall=6p+ANjJ8sHqa5Sp/oNgdkw==, figureFileBig=BYDizR53Y0nm/Qib9lkVew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203002283372831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Typical modal displacement amplitude on the outer surface of uniform and multilayer gradient acoustic coatings, figureFileSmall=lDPMdDjCU/zh2XxaNj869A==, figureFileBig=P+VtWzbeinUERZuJpTwpHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203002803466528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图9, caption=均匀与分层梯度覆盖层外表面的典型模态位移幅值, figureFileSmall=lDPMdDjCU/zh2XxaNj869A==, figureFileBig=P+VtWzbeinUERZuJpTwpHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203004468605217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Effect of multilayer gradient acoustic coatings on the total scattering form functions of the cylindrical shell, figureFileSmall=PISLof2QqiYusYEfs9EXGw==, figureFileBig=Hw6oDCfuBV2NJpjRVLRFdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203005194219810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图10, caption=分层梯度覆盖层对圆柱壳总散射形态函数的影响, figureFileSmall=PISLof2QqiYusYEfs9EXGw==, figureFileBig=Hw6oDCfuBV2NJpjRVLRFdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203005831754019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Schematic diagram of a viscoelastic coating layer with embedded cavities, figureFileSmall=79tonpozJQiR/BsREah66w==, figureFileBig=IraPUfA2wbp/c8cG3crDdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203006200852772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图11, caption=埋置空腔的粘弹性覆盖层示意图, figureFileSmall=79tonpozJQiR/BsREah66w==, figureFileBig=IraPUfA2wbp/c8cG3crDdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203006955827493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Schematic diagram of acoustic parameters of uniform acoustic coatings varying with frequency, figureFileSmall=fOyR19uuDLGkFi+u5vOaHw==, figureFileBig=AZJ0r9Tl4BmK2fiIbm/TGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203008985870630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图12, caption=均匀覆盖层声学参数随频率变化示意图, figureFileSmall=fOyR19uuDLGkFi+u5vOaHw==, figureFileBig=AZJ0r9Tl4BmK2fiIbm/TGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203009942171943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Frequency-dependent total scattering form functions of the acoustic coatings, figureFileSmall=h5zGWTXQGrbY4Ly1UrJrdg==, figureFileBig=u2qrV10TuDuoyQdxmVQKoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203010399351080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图13, caption=频率相关覆盖层总散射形态函数, figureFileSmall=h5zGWTXQGrbY4Ly1UrJrdg==, figureFileBig=u2qrV10TuDuoyQdxmVQKoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203011091411241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Total scattering form functions of stiffened cylindrical shell under normal incidence of plane wave, figureFileSmall=6KizJ9W2ZTsZN7IgweMbOQ==, figureFileBig=i11IE5JN13z/9Vy39Zwtbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203011540201770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图14, caption=平面波垂直入射时加肋圆柱壳总散射形态函数, figureFileSmall=6KizJ9W2ZTsZN7IgweMbOQ==, figureFileBig=i11IE5JN13z/9Vy39Zwtbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203013616382251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Scattering form functions of stiffened cylindrical shell with frequency-dependent acoustic coatings, figureFileSmall=eO0x/3kAOzaRKthgVjafBA==, figureFileBig=L8Ws0+qbyCV8vZCbT1cfTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203014459437356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=图15, caption=敷设频率相关覆盖层的加肋有限长圆柱壳形态函数, figureFileSmall=eO0x/3kAOzaRKthgVjafBA==, figureFileBig=L8Ws0+qbyCV8vZCbT1cfTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1281203015336046893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of the cylindrical shell validation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆柱壳长度 /m圆柱壳半径 /m壳板厚度 /mm弹性模量 /GPa泊松比密度 /(kg·m−3)远场距离 /m
9.63.5282100.37800200
), ArticleFig(id=1281203016137158958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

圆柱壳验证模型基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
圆柱壳长度 /m圆柱壳半径 /m壳板厚度 /mm弹性模量 /GPa泊松比密度 /(kg·m−3)远场距离 /m
9.63.5282100.37800200
), ArticleFig(id=1281203018234310959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation parameters of the uniform acoustic coating

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况归一化特征声阻抗归一化声速和密度工况归一化特征声阻抗归一化声速和密度
Case 1.1 $ \alpha \text{=0.6} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77 $Case 2.1 $ \alpha \text{=0.8} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=0.5},{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=1.6} $
Case 1.2 $ \alpha \text{=0.8} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.89,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.89 $Case 2.2 $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}1,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=0.8} $
Case 1.3 $ \alpha \text{=}1.0 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}1,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=1} $Case 2.3 $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}1.6,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=0.5} $
Case 1.4 $ \alpha \text{=}1.2 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=1.09},{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}1.09 $
), ArticleFig(id=1281203019031228720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

均匀声学覆盖层计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况归一化特征声阻抗归一化声速和密度工况归一化特征声阻抗归一化声速和密度
Case 1.1 $ \alpha \text{=0.6} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77 $Case 2.1 $ \alpha \text{=0.8} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=0.5},{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=1.6} $
Case 1.2 $ \alpha \text{=0.8} $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.89,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.89 $Case 2.2 $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}1,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=0.8} $
Case 1.3 $ \alpha \text{=}1.0 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}1,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=1} $Case 2.3 $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}1.6,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=0.5} $
Case 1.4 $ \alpha \text{=}1.2 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=1.09},{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}1.09 $
), ArticleFig(id=1281203019509379377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation parameters of the multilayer gradient acoustic coating

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况归一化特征声阻抗平均归一化特征声阻抗分层梯度归一化声速和密度
Case3.1 $ \alpha \text{=}0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77 $
Case3.2 $ \alpha \text{=}0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.1 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
Case3.3 $ \alpha \text{=}0.5,0.65,0.8,0.95,1.1 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.15 $
Case3.4 $ \alpha \text{=}0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.2 $
Case3.5 $ \alpha \text{=}0.3,0.45,0.6,0.75,0.9 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.6 $ $ \delta =0.15 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
Case3.6 $ \alpha \text{=}0.7,0.85,1.0,1.15,1.3 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=1.0} $ $ \delta =0.15 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
), ArticleFig(id=1281203019974947122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

分层梯度声学覆盖层计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况归一化特征声阻抗平均归一化特征声阻抗分层梯度归一化声速和密度
Case3.1 $ \alpha \text{=}0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8,0.8 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77,{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{=}0.77 $
Case3.2 $ \alpha \text{=}0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.1 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
Case3.3 $ \alpha \text{=}0.5,0.65,0.8,0.95,1.1 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.15 $
Case3.4 $ \alpha \text{=}0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.8 $ $ \delta =0.2 $
Case3.5 $ \alpha \text{=}0.3,0.45,0.6,0.75,0.9 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=}0.6 $ $ \delta =0.15 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
Case3.6 $ \alpha \text{=}0.7,0.85,1.0,1.15,1.3 $ $ \overline{\alpha }\text{=1.0} $ $ \delta =0.15 $ $ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha }\text{,}{\alpha }_{\rho }\text{=}\sqrt{\alpha } $
), ArticleFig(id=1281203020767670579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Calculation parameters of the cylindrical shell ribs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况肋骨参数肋骨数量工况肋骨参数肋骨数量
Case 5.1小肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{\text{6 mm}\times 125\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{8 mm}\times 40\;\;\text{mm}} $9根Case 6.1 $ \bot \dfrac{12\;\;\text{mm}\times 250\;\;\text{mm}}{16\;\;\text{mm}\times 80\;\;\text{mm}} $0根
Case 5.2中肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{\text{12 mm}\times 250\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{16 mm}\times 80\;\;\text{mm}} $Case 6.24根
Case 5.3大肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{18\;\;\text{mm}\times 375\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{24 mm}\times 120\;\;\text{mm}} $Case 6.39根
), ArticleFig(id=1281203022155985204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

圆柱壳肋骨计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况肋骨参数肋骨数量工况肋骨参数肋骨数量
Case 5.1小肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{\text{6 mm}\times 125\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{8 mm}\times 40\;\;\text{mm}} $9根Case 6.1 $ \bot \dfrac{12\;\;\text{mm}\times 250\;\;\text{mm}}{16\;\;\text{mm}\times 80\;\;\text{mm}} $0根
Case 5.2中肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{\text{12 mm}\times 250\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{16 mm}\times 80\;\;\text{mm}} $Case 6.24根
Case 5.3大肋骨$ \bot \dfrac{18\;\;\text{mm}\times 375\;\;\text{mm}}{\text{24 mm}\times 120\;\;\text{mm}} $Case 6.39根
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1240685663704625163, delFlag=0, nameCn=船舶力学, nameEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1007-7294, eissn=null, cn=32-1468/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773732113054, updatedTime=1784019383023, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, picEn=Ve/8A/FRYceS/z8o7GCJ5g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283833602848834028, language=CN, name=船舶力学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784019383394, updatedTime=1784019383394, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283833602983051757, language=EN, name=Journal of Ship Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784019383426, updatedTime=1784019383426, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1240685776644648972, websiteList=[Website(id=1240686760611607145, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240685776644648972, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773732374576, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773732394922, updateBy=18614031015, name=船舶力学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=船舶力学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240687166741869216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773732471404, updateTime=1773732471404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166725091997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773732471400, updateTime=1773732471400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166758646435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471408, updateTime=1773732471408, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166716703388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/ZVjg3ao2vf5wYxw5Kn1Uw==, createTime=1773732471398, updateTime=1773732471398, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166771229349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471411, updateTime=1773732471411, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166737674911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773732471403, updateTime=1773732471403, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166767035044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471410, updateTime=1773732471410, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166729286302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773732471401, updateTime=1773732471401, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166750257825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773732471406, updateTime=1773732471406, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166754452130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773732471407, updateTime=1773732471407, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1240686760674521707, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240685776644648972, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773732374590, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773732413338, updateBy=18614031015, name=船舶力学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Ship Mechanics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240687194269078438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773732477967, updateTime=1773732477967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194248106915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773732477962, updateTime=1773732477962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194285855657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477971, updateTime=1773732477971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194239718306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/ZVjg3ao2vf5wYxw5Kn1Uw==, createTime=1773732477960, updateTime=1773732477960, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194302632875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477975, updateTime=1773732477975, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194260689829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773732477965, updateTime=1773732477965, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194294244266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477973, updateTime=1773732477973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194256495524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773732477964, updateTime=1773732477964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194277467047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773732477969, updateTime=1773732477969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194281661352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773732477970, updateTime=1773732477970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=船舶力学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, journalPhotoCn=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, journalPhotoEn=Ve/8A/FRYceS/z8o7GCJ5g==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1778774400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳声散射特性
收藏切换
PDF下载
俞白兮 1, 2 , 程一鹏 3 , 司马灿 1, 2 , 白振国 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2026,30(5): 825-842
收起
收藏切换
船舶力学 |流体与结构声学 2026 , 30 (5) : 825 -842
敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳声散射特性
全屏
[Author(id=1281202966346576108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15806180898@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202968439533807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202966346576108, language=EN, stringName=Bai-xi YU, firstName=Bai-xi, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202969169342704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202966346576108, language=CN, stringName=俞白兮, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])]), Author(id=1281202969651687666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202970150809844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202969651687666, language=EN, stringName=Yi-peng CHENG, firstName=Yi-peng, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202970876424437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202969651687666, language=CN, stringName=程一鹏, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072, bio={"content":"

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202965818093800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965830676713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965847453930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202965818093800, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072)])]), Author(id=1281202972940022008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202973791465723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202972940022008, language=EN, stringName=Can SIMA, firstName=Can, middleName=null, lastName=SIMA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202974319948028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202972940022008, language=CN, stringName=司马灿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio={"content":"

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])]), Author(id=1281202975041368318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1281202975855063297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202975041368318, language=EN, stringName=Zhen-guo BAI, firstName=Zhen-guo, middleName=null, lastName=BAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1281202977528590594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, authorId=1281202975041368318, language=CN, stringName=白振国, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082, bio={"content":"

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1281202964136177890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964157149411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202964182315236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964136177890, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082)]), AuthorCompany(id=1281202964702408933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965004398822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1281202965042147559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1281202567929639765, companyId=1281202964702408933, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082)])])]
俞白兮1, 2 , 程一鹏3, 司马灿1, 2, 白振国1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072
通讯作者:
俞白兮(1990–),男,硕士,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:
作者简介:

程一鹏(1997–),男,硕士

司马灿(1974–),男,博士,研究员

白振国(1981–),男,博士,研究员

Acoustic scattering characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer gradient acoustic coating
Bai-xi YU1, 2 , Yi-peng CHENG3, Can SIMA1, 2, Zhen-guo BAI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological and Science, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 3.Northwestern Polytechnical University, School of Marine Science and Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014
文章导航
收藏切换

在潜艇壳体表面敷设声学覆盖层,可有效降低声目标强度,并可兼顾对机械噪声和水动力噪声的多重控制。本文以有限长加肋圆柱壳为研究对象,基于模态叠加法,建立了自由场环境中敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层有限长加肋圆柱壳的声散射计算模型,分析了覆盖层的声速、密度等特征声阻抗参数对圆柱壳声散射形态函数的影响规律,提出了一种分层梯度覆盖层的特征声阻抗分布来有效降低不同频段散射形态函数的方法。同时,研究了具有频率相关特征声阻抗的内置空腔覆盖层和加肋圆柱壳对散射形态函数的影响特征。研究结果表明:采用从内层到外层声阻抗逐渐递增的分层梯度覆盖层可在更低频段有效降低散射形态函数,特征声阻抗与频率相关的分层梯度覆盖层可以兼顾从低频到高频的声散射控制,敷设参数经过优化的分层覆盖层可以使加肋圆柱壳声散射形态函数在500 Hz以上频段明显降低。

分层梯度  /  声学覆盖层  /  加肋圆柱壳  /  声散射

Applying an acoustic coating to the hull effectively reduces target strength while reducing both mechanical and hydrodynamic noise. In this study, a finite ribbed cylindrical shell is studied based on the modal superposition method. A computational model is developed to predict the acoustic scattering of a finite ribbed cylindrical shell with multilayer gradient acoustic coating in an infinite ideal fluid. The influence of characteristic impedance parameters—such as sound speed and density—on the scattering form function is examined, and an optimized impedance distribution for the multilayer gradient acoustic coating is proposed to suppress scattering across different frequency bands. In addition, the effects of frequency-dependent characteristic impedance of embedded-cavity acoustic coatings and stiffeners of cylindrical shells on the scattering form function are investigated. Results show that multilayer gradient acoustic coating with characteristic impedance gradually increasing from the inner to the outer surface can effectively reduce the scattering form function in lower frequency ranges. Furthermore, frequency-dependent acoustic coatings result in broadband scattering control from low to high frequencies, and applying an optimized layered coating to the rib-stiffened cylindrical shell yields a substantial reduction in its scattering form function for frequencies above 500 Hz.

multilayer gradient  /  acoustic coating  /  ribbed cylindrical shell  /  acoustic scattering
俞白兮, 程一鹏, 司马灿, 白振国. 敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳声散射特性. 船舶力学, 2026 , 30 (5) : 825 -842 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014
Bai-xi YU, Yi-peng CHENG, Can SIMA, Zhen-guo BAI. Acoustic scattering characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer gradient acoustic coating[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2026 , 30 (5) : 825 -842 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014
我们知道,敷设声学覆盖层一方面降低声目标强度,另一方面降低机械噪声和水动力噪声,已成为世界先进潜艇增强声隐身性能的一种常规技术途径。近年来,随着航速及机动性要求的提高,各国越来越倾向于选择单壳体潜艇,在这种背景下,为了降低声目标强度,一般只能在耐压壳外表面敷设声学覆盖层,为此,需要考虑声学覆盖层还应兼顾有降低机械噪声和水动力噪声的多重声学功能。文献[12]针对壳体内部受点力激励和声学覆盖层外表面受湍流边界层脉动压力激励的情况,分别建模计算了敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳的机械噪声和水动力噪声特性,分析了分层梯度声学覆盖层厚度、层数、声阻抗梯度等参数对降低机械噪声和水动力噪声的影响规律。进一步地,有必要针对敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳的声目标强度特性进行建模计算。
声目标强度是衡量潜艇被敌方主动声呐探测风险的主要声隐身指标,它取决于探测目标的声散射特性。弹性壳体结构声散射特性研究的经典模型可追溯到Skelton等 [3]给出的弹性球壳和圆柱壳模型,以及Gaunaurd和Huang[4]建立的双弹性球壳和自由面附近弹性球壳的声散射计算模型,Werby和Gaunaurd[5]还针对平面波任意入射角情况下,研究水中不同长径比及壁厚的钢质薄椭球壳共振声散射的形函数特性。弹性圆柱壳是潜艇及水下航行器声目标强度特性研究的基本模型, Doolittle和Überall[6]建立了无限长弹性圆柱壳声散射模型,在此基础上,Tran-Van-Nhieu[7]采用扇形球谐函数建立了有限长弹性圆柱壳的共振声散射模型,计算比较了弹性与刚性圆柱壳散射声场的空间分布特性。考虑到实际艇体结构大都为加肋结构,Tran-Van-Nhieu[8]忽略端面效应的影响,建立了有限长周期加肋细长圆柱壳声散射计算模型,分析了镜面反射、螺旋波及表征周期肋骨与圆柱壳相互作用的Bloch-Floquet波对远场声散射的作用。郑国垠等[9]利用细长圆柱体声散射的近似解,并采用无限长圆柱壳模态声阻抗作为流体负载,研究了内部有水介质时有限长圆柱壳的声散射特性。Pan和Fan[10]建立了带隔板的双周期加肋有限长圆柱壳声散射解析模型,除了环肋引起的Bragg散射和Bloch-Floquet散射外,隔板引起范围更大的密集Bragg散射现象。弹性圆柱壳加设的内部结构引起的非均匀性影响声散射特性,Klauson和Metsaveer[11]建立了带有纵肋和铺板的二维圆柱壳声散射计算模型,壳体与纵肋、铺板或横舱壁相互作用力和力矩改变圆柱壳模态从而影响声散射特性。Tong等[1213]针对内部有轴向铺板和周向周期纵肋的圆柱壳,分别研究了亚音速弹性波散射和周向多阶弯曲Bloch波引起的外场散射声场,并给出了它们的散射声场频率-角度谱特征,Meyer和Maxit[14]采用凝聚传递函数法(Condensed Transfer Function method,CFT),解决了轴对称周期加肋圆柱壳与非轴对称内部子结构的耦合问题,建立了相应的声散射计算模型。Photiadis[15]还研究了周期和随机加肋圆柱壳及带内部结构的随机加肋圆柱壳的共振声散射特性及机理。
为了计算任意形状弹性结构的散射声场,Waterman[16]提出并发展T矩阵方法计算表面光顺的复杂形状物体的声散射。实际上,弹性壳体结构声辐射与声散射建模计算,不存在本质差异,区别仅在于是机械激励力还是声激励,Schenck提出的CHIEF法[17]适用于任意形状弹性结构的声辐射与声散射计算。Wilton[18]基于有限元和边界元建立的水下结构声辐射和声散射计算模型已成为一个经典模型。在此基础上,Tobocman[1920]基于积分方程改进复杂形状结构声散射计算模型,明确可用于波长大致为目标尺寸的频率,且目标长径比可扩展到10左右。为了提高积分方程计算声散射的效率和精度,Seybert和Soenarko等[21]将等参元方法引入复杂任意形状结构的散射声场计算,并发展了轴对称情况下边界元方法计算声散射的模型[22]。在此基础上,Miller和Meyer[23]采用波元叠加法(Superposition method, SUP)建立弹性结构散射声场计算模型,结果表明波元叠加法简单易用,不存在边界元方法的唯一性问题,在内部共振频率点的计算精度高。Stepanishen等[24]采用内部声源密度法(Internal Source Density method),沿轴线布置虚拟等效点源,计算回转壳体结构的耦合振动及声辐射和声散射。Astley等[25]提出映射波包元方法,将无限元方法与结构有限元和声有限元方法结合,计算弹性壳体结构声辐射和声散射,并发展了适用于三维壳体结构的变阶波包元[26],计算结果表明,无限元方法与边界元方法相比,具有计算效率高的优势。为了进一步提高无限元方法的适用性,Burnett 和 Holford [27]提出了椭球声无限元方法,可用于潜艇等长径比较大的水下航行体结构声辐射和声散射计算,改进计算效率。
虽然针对敷设柔性层圆柱壳声散射特性研究的文献较少,但相关研究声辐射特性的文献可扩展用于声散射建模计算[28],包括周向局部和轴向局部敷设柔性层的圆柱壳模型[2930]。文献[3132]分别研究了水下弹性平板和加肋平板上敷设消声层的吸声性能及背衬结构的影响。Hasheminejad等[33]研究了平面波入射情况下包覆黏弹性层的弹性球体和柱体的声散射特性,Ke和Zhang[34]基于黏弹性参数识别,研究了敷设消声层的弹性球壳声散射特性。Sharma等[35]针对敷设内含空腔柔性层的圆柱壳,采用等效液体层模型,计算了声辐射特性及降噪效果。近年来,为了提高声学性能及环境适用性,声学覆盖层引入了功能梯度材料复合结构概念,Daneshjou等[36]研究了敷设功能梯度材料层、多孔材料层等多层复合结构的圆柱壳的声散射及声传输特性, 师康康等[37]将声学覆盖层扩展为功能梯度声学覆盖层,采用有限元方法建模计算覆盖层的吸声性能,但尚未与弹性圆柱壳耦合建模。
本文在文献[12]的基础上,从降低声目标强度的角度出发,以浸没在自由场环境中的有限长加肋圆柱壳为研究对象,其外表面敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层(见图1)。利用已推导得到的有限长加肋圆柱壳与分层梯度声学覆盖层及外场辐射声场的声振耦合模态方程,建立敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层有限长加肋圆柱壳声散射计算模型,计算分析分层梯度声学覆盖层厚度、层数及声阻抗梯度等因素对声散射形函数的影响规律,研究梯度覆盖层分层声速及密度的频率特性对降低加肋圆柱壳在低频和中高频段声散射目标强度的影响。
外表面敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳浸没在自由场环境中,在入射平面声波作用下产生散射声场,如图1所示。
基于Donnel薄壳近似的圆柱壳振动方程,采用模态叠加法建立两端简支边界的加肋圆柱壳振动模态矩阵方程[1]
$ \left[\begin{matrix}{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{11}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{11}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{12}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{13}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{13}}\\{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{21}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{22}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{22}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{23}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{23}}\\{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{31}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}\boldsymbol{M}{31}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{32}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{32}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{33}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{33}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}\rm{M}{33}}\end{matrix}\right]\times \left\{\begin{array}{c}{\boldsymbol{U}}_{n}\\{\boldsymbol{V}}_{\boldsymbol{n}}\\{\boldsymbol{W}}_{\boldsymbol{n}}\end{array}\right\}=\left\{\begin{array}{l}{0}\\{0}\\\boldsymbol{p}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{{\mathrm{c}}}\end{array}\right\} $
式中:$ {\boldsymbol{K}}_{11}\sim {\boldsymbol{K}}_{33} $为圆柱壳振动模态阻抗矩阵,$ \boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{{\mathrm{s}}11}\sim \boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{{\mathrm{sM}}33} $为肋骨对圆柱壳作用力对应的模态阻抗矩阵,$ {\boldsymbol{U}}_{n} $$ {\boldsymbol{V}}_{n} $$ {\boldsymbol{W}}_{n} $分别为轴向、周向、径向模态位移组成的列向量,$ \boldsymbol{p}_{n}^{{\mathrm{c}}} $为外声场与声学覆盖层对壳体作用的径向模态力组成的列向量。其中,圆柱壳振动与肋骨对圆柱壳作用力的模态阻抗矩阵推导及表达式详见文献[1]。此外,该文献还对分层梯度声学覆盖层和外声场进行耦合建模,具体推导过程见附录A,分层梯度声学覆盖层内外表面存在传递关系,其表达式为
$ \left(\begin{array}{c}p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(1)}\\W_{nm}^{(1)}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}T_{nm}^{11} & T_{nm}^{12}\\T_{nm}^{21} & T_{nm}^{22}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(N)}\\W_{nm}^{(N)}\end{array}\right)=\boldsymbol{T}\left(\begin{array}{c}p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(N)}\\W_{nm}^{(N)}\end{array}\right) $
式中:$ \boldsymbol{T} $为分层梯度声学覆盖层传递矩阵,$ T_{nm}^{11}\sim T_{nm}^{22} $为矩阵元素,具体推导及表达式见文献[1]。$ W_{nm}^{(1)} $$ W_{nm}^{(N)} $分别为梯度声学覆盖层内、外表面径向模态位移。$ p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(1)} $$ p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(N)} $分别为分层梯度声学覆盖层内、外表面模态声压。
注意到覆盖层外表面声压由入射声场$ {p}_{{\mathrm{i}}} $、刚性散射声场$ {p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}} $、弹性散射声场$ {p}_{{\mathrm{e}}} $三部分组成,即覆盖层外表面的模态声压$ p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(N)}=p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{e}}} $。因此式(2)可以表示为
$ \left(\begin{array}{c}p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(1)}\\W_{nm}^{(1)}\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{matrix}T_{nm}^{11} & T_{nm}^{12}\\T_{nm}^{21} & T_{nm}^{22}\end{matrix}\right)\left(\begin{array}{c}p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{e}}}\\W_{nm}^{(N)}\end{array}\right)=\boldsymbol{T}\left(\begin{array}{c}p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}+p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{e}}}\\W_{nm}^{(N)}\end{array}\right) $
在两端为无限长圆柱刚性声障板的情况下,并忽略模态互辐射阻抗,敷设声学覆盖层有限长弹性圆柱壳弹性散射声场的模态声压$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{e}}} $可表示为[38]
$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{e}}}=-{\mathrm{i}}\omega {Z}_{nmm}W_{nm}^{(N)} $
式中:$ {Z}_{nmm} $为有限长圆柱面的模态声辐射阻抗。
将式(4)代入式(3)并表示为矩阵形式,可得
$ \boldsymbol{p}_{n1}^{{\mathrm{c}}}={\boldsymbol{G}}_{1}\cdot \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)}+{\boldsymbol{T}}_{11}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}) $
$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(1)}={\boldsymbol{G}}_{2}\cdot \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)}+{\boldsymbol{T}}_{21}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}) $
其中,
$ {\boldsymbol{G}}_{1}=-{\mathrm{i}}\omega {\boldsymbol{T}}_{11}\cdot {\boldsymbol{Z}}_{n}+{\boldsymbol{T}}_{12} $
$ {\boldsymbol{G}}_{2}=-{\mathrm{i}}\omega {\boldsymbol{T}}_{21}\cdot {\boldsymbol{Z}}_{n}+{\boldsymbol{T}}_{22} $
式中:$ \boldsymbol{p}_{n1}^{{\mathrm{c}}} $$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(1)} $$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)} $$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{i{\mathrm{}}} $$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}} $分别为$ p_{{\mathrm{c}}nm}^{(1)} $$ W_{nm}^{(1)} $$ W_{nm}^{(N)} $$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{i}}} $$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{rig}}} $组成的列向量,$ \boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{} $$ {\boldsymbol{T}}_{11}\sim {\boldsymbol{T}}_{22} $分别为$ {Z}_{nmm} $$ T_{nm}^{11}\sim T_{nm}^{22} $组成的对角阵。
考虑到圆柱壳壳体与覆盖层内表面声压相等且径向位移连续,求解式(5)~(6)可以得到声学覆盖层内表面模态声压与内表面质点振动模态位移及作用在覆盖层外表面的入射声波和刚性散射波模态声压之间的关系
$ \boldsymbol{p}_{n1}^{{\mathrm{c}}}=\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{{\mathrm{c}}}\cdot \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(1)}+\boldsymbol{G}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}) $
式中:
$\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{{\mathrm{c}}}={\boldsymbol{G}}_{1}\cdot \boldsymbol{G}_{2}^{-1} $
$\boldsymbol{G}={\boldsymbol{T}}_{11}-{\boldsymbol{G}}_{1}\cdot \boldsymbol{G}_{2}^{-1}\cdot {\boldsymbol{T}}_{21} $
再考虑到外声场和声学覆盖层对壳体外表面的径向模态作用力与覆盖层内表面模态声压相等,且圆柱壳径向振动位移与覆盖层内表面质点位移相等,即$ \boldsymbol{p}_{n1}^{{\mathrm{c}}}=\boldsymbol{p}_{n}^{{\mathrm{c}}} $$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(1)}={\boldsymbol{W}}_{n} $。于是,将式(7)代入式(1)可以得到在入射声波作用下,敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳的模态耦合振动方程
$ \left[\begin{matrix}{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{11}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{11}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{12}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{13}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{13}}\\{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{21}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{22}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{22}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{23}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{n}^{\rm{s}{23}}\\{\boldsymbol{K}}_{{31}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{sM}{31}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{32}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{32}} & {\boldsymbol{K}}_{{33}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}{33}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{s}\boldsymbol{M}{33}}+\boldsymbol{Z}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{\rm{c}}\end{matrix}\right]\times \left\{\begin{array}{c}{\boldsymbol{U}}_{n}\\{\boldsymbol{V}}_{\boldsymbol{n}}\\{\boldsymbol{W}}_{\boldsymbol{n}}\end{array}\right\}=\left\{\begin{array}{c}{{\boldsymbol{0}}}\\{{\boldsymbol{0}}}\\\boldsymbol{G}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{\boldsymbol{n}}^{{\mathrm{i}}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}})\end{array}\right\} $
由1.1节的推导可知,在已知入射声波与刚性散射模态声压的情况下,可以由式(9)求解得到有限长加肋圆柱壳梯度覆盖层外表面振动模态位移$ {\boldsymbol{W}}_{n} $,并由此求解圆柱壳的弹性散射声场。
首先求解$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{i}}} $$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{{\mathrm{rig}}} $的表达式。当入射平面声波如图2所示倾斜入射到柱面上,入射声波在$ \phi ={\text{π}} $平面内且与z轴正向夹角为$ \alpha $,其表达式为$ {p}_{{\mathrm{i}}}={\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kz\cos \alpha +{\mathrm{i}}kx\sin \alpha } $,在柱坐标系下相应的表达式为[39]
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{i}}}(r,\phi )={\text{e}}^{\mathrm{i}kx\sin \alpha }\sum \limits_{n}^{}\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}\cdot {{\mathrm{i}}}^{n}\cdot {J}_{n}(kr\cos \alpha )\cdot \cos n\phi $
式中:纽曼常数$ {\varepsilon }_{n}=2,n=0 $$ {\varepsilon }_{n}=1,n\neq 0 $
两端有无限长刚性圆柱声障板的圆柱壳刚性散射声波可表示为
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}}(r,\phi )={\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kx\sin \alpha }\sum \limits_{n}^{}{A}_{n}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)}(kr\cos \alpha )\cdot \cos n\phi $
利用圆柱面绝对刚性的边界条件可以得到
$ \frac{\partial ({p}_{{\mathrm{i}}}+{p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}})}{\partial r}{|}_{r={{a}_{N}}}=0 $
式中:$ {a}_{N} $为圆柱壳梯度覆盖层外表面半径。
由式(10)、(11)及式(12)求解得到待定系数$ {A}_{n} $,代入式(11)可以得到圆柱壳刚性散射波的表达式
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}}(r,\phi )={\text{e}}^{\mathrm{i}kx\sin \alpha }\sum \limits_{n}^{}-\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}\cdot {{\mathrm{i}}}^{n}\cdot \frac{J_{n}^{\prime}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}{H_{n}^{(1)'}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)}(kr\cos \alpha )\cdot \cos n\phi $
在此基础上,将$ {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kx\sin \alpha } $沿轴向展开,考虑到圆柱壳两端的简支边界条件可得
$ {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kx\sin \alpha }=\sum \limits_{m}^{}{a}_{m}\cdot \sin \frac{m{\text{π}} }{l}(x+\frac{l}{2}) $
利用轴向模态函数的正交性,可以得到
$ {a}_{m}=\dfrac{4m{\text{π}} }{{l}^{2}}\cdot \left\{\begin{array}{l}-\cos \dfrac{kl\sin \alpha }{2}\\{\mathrm{i}}\sin \dfrac{kl\sin \alpha }{2}\end{array}\right\}/\left[{(k\sin \alpha )}^{2}-{\left(\frac{m{\text{π}} }{l}\right)}^{2}\right] $
将式(14)分别代入式(10)、(13),得到入射和刚性散射声压对应的模态声压
$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{i}}}=\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}\cdot {{\mathrm{i}}}^{n}\cdot {a}_{m}\cdot {J}_{n}(kr\cos \alpha ) $
$ p_{nm}^{{\mathrm{rig}}}=-\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}\cdot {{\mathrm{i}}}^{n}\cdot {a}_{m}\cdot \frac{J_{n}^{\prime}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}{H_{n}^{(1)'}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)}(kr\cos \alpha ) $
已知$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{i}} $$ \boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{rig}} $是由$ p_{nm}^{\mathrm{i}} $$ p_{nm}^{\mathrm{rig}} $组成的列向量,即可由式(9)求解得到圆柱壳径向模态振动位移
$ {\boldsymbol{W}}_{n}=\boldsymbol{A}\cdot \boldsymbol{G}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{i}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{rig}}) $
将式(18)代入式(5b),可以得到分层梯度覆盖层外表面质点径向振动模态位移为
$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)}=\boldsymbol{H}\cdot (\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{i}}+\boldsymbol{P}_{n}^{\mathrm{rig}}) $
式中:$ \boldsymbol{H}\mathbf{=}\boldsymbol{G}_{2}^{-1}\cdot \boldsymbol{A}\cdot \boldsymbol{G}-\boldsymbol{G}_{2}^{-1}\cdot {\boldsymbol{T}}_{21} $为圆柱壳声振耦合系统中分层梯度声学覆盖层外表面模态位移频响函数矩阵,$ \boldsymbol{A} $为求解式(9)得到的圆柱壳径向振动模态位移频响函数矩阵。
特别地,在圆柱壳表面没有敷设声学覆盖层的情况下,矩阵$ \boldsymbol{G} $$ {\boldsymbol{G}}_{2} $退化为单位矩阵,$ {\boldsymbol{G}}_{1} $$ \boldsymbol{H} $简化为$ {\boldsymbol{G}}_{1}=-{\mathrm{i}}\omega {\boldsymbol{Z}}_{n} $$ \boldsymbol{H}\mathbf{=}\boldsymbol{A} $。此时可由式(9)直接求解得到圆柱壳径向振动模态位移$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{} $
在已知敷设覆盖层情况下覆盖层外表面的振动模态位移$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)} $(无覆盖层情况下$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{(N)} $即为圆柱壳壳体的振动模态位移$ \boldsymbol{W}_{n}^{} $)的条件下,可进一步利用圆柱壳外场辐射声压的表达式[1],计算敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长圆柱壳弹性散射声场,具体表达式为
$ p_{\mathrm{e}}(r, \phi, x)=\frac{\rho_0 \omega^2}{2 {\text{π}}} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \sum_n \sum_m W_{n m}^{(N)} \cdot \tilde{\varphi}_m\left(k_x\right) \cdot \frac{H_n^{(1)}\left(\sqrt{k^2-k_x^2} r\right)}{\sqrt{k^2-k_x^2} \cdot H_n^{(1)^{\prime}}\left(\sqrt{k^2-k_x^2} a_N\right)} \cdot \cos n \phi \cdot \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i} k_x \cdot x} \mathrm{~d} k_x $
其中,$ {\varphi }_{m}({k}_{x})=-\dfrac{2 m{\text{π}}}{l}\cdot \left\{\begin{array}{l}\cos \dfrac{{k}_{x}l}{2}\\\mathrm{i}\sin \dfrac{{k}_{x}l}{2}\end{array}\right\}/\left[k_{x}^{2}-{\left(\dfrac{m{\text{π}} }{l}\right)}^{2}\right] $
在远场条件下,利用汉克尔函数的大宗量近似表达式,式(20)简化为
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{e}}}\left(r,\phi ,x\right)=\frac{{\rho }_{0}{\omega }^{2}}{{(2{{{\text{π}} }^{3}}r)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\int \limits_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{+\mathrm{\infty }}\sum \limits_{n}\sum \limits_{m}W_{nm}^{(N)}\cdot {\tilde{\varphi }}_{m}({k}_{x})\cdot {\text{e}}^{-{\mathrm{i}}\frac{{\text{π}} }{4}}\cdot {(-{\mathrm{i}})}^{n}\cdot \frac{{\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{x}^{2}}r}}{{({{k}^{2}}-{k_{x}^{2}})}^{\frac{3}{4}}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)}{}^{\prime}(\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{x}^{2}}{a}_{N})}\cdot \cos n\phi \cdot {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}{{k}_{x}}\cdot x}{\mathrm{d}}{k}_{x} $
柱坐标系与球坐标系的变换关系:$ r=R\sin \theta $$ x=R\cos \theta $,球坐标系下敷设梯度覆盖层的有限长圆柱壳弹性散射声场为
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{e}}}\left(R,\phi ,\theta \right)=\frac{{\rho }_{0}{\omega }^{2}}{{(2{{{\text{π}} }^{3}}R\sin \theta )}^{\frac{1}{2}}}\sum \limits_{n}^{}\sum \limits_{m}^{}W_{nm}^{(N)}\cdot {\text{e}}^{-{\mathrm{i}}\frac{{\text{π}} }{4}}\cdot {(-{\mathrm{i}})}^{n}\cdot \cos n\phi \cdot {I}_{nm}$
其中,$ {I}_{nm}=\displaystyle\int \limits_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{+\mathrm{\infty }}\dfrac{{\tilde{\varphi }}_{m}({k}_{x})\cdot {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}(\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{x}^{2}}R\sin \theta +{{k}_{x}}R\cos \theta )}}{{({{k}^{2}}-{k_{x}^{2}})}^{\frac{3}{4}}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)'}(\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{x}^{2}}{a}_{N})}{\mathrm{d}}{k}_{x} $。利用稳相法近似求解积分$ {I}_{nm} $[40], 式(22)可化简为
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{e}}}\left(R,\phi ,\theta \right)=\frac{{\rho }_{0}{\omega }^{2}}{{\text{π}} Rk\sin \theta }\sum \limits_{\mathrm{n}}^{}\sum \limits_{m}^{}W_{nm}^{(N)}\cdot {(-{\mathrm{i}})}^{n}\cdot \cos n\phi \cdot \frac{{\tilde{\varphi }}_{m}(k\cos \theta )}{H_{n}^{(1)'}(k{a}_{N}\sin \theta )}\cdot {\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kR} $
在此基础上,还需求解敷设分层梯度覆盖层有限长圆柱壳的刚性散射声场。在计算这一声场时应去除两端无限长刚性圆柱声障板的影响。参考文献[11]给出了球坐标系下有限长圆柱壳远场刚性散射声场的计算方法,有限长圆柱壳的刚性散射声压的具体表达式为
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}}\left(R,\phi ,\theta \right)=\frac{2{\mathrm{i}}{\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}kR}}{{\text{π}} R}\frac{\sin [kl(\sin \alpha -\cos \theta )/2]}{k(\sin \alpha -\cos \theta )}\sum \limits_{n}\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{{n}}}\frac{{\sin }^{n}\theta \cos n\phi }{{\cos }^{n}\alpha }\left[\frac{{J}_{n}^{\prime}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}{H_{n}^{(1)}{}^{\prime}(k{a}_{N}\cos \alpha )}\right] $
依据1.1、1.2节推导的模型,由式(17)计算入射声波与刚性散射声波模态激励力,再由式 (9)、(19)求得圆柱壳覆盖层外表面的径向振动模态位移,进一步利用式(23)、(24)计算敷设声学覆盖层的圆柱壳远场弹性散射及刚性散射声场。引入散射形态函数描述结构的散射特性,其定义为
$ {f}_{\mathrm{\infty }}=\left|\frac{2{d}_{0}}{{a}_{N}}\frac{{p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}}+{p}_{{\mathrm{e}}}}{{p}_{{\mathrm{i}}}}{\text{e}}^{-{\mathrm{i}}k{{d}_{0}}}\right| $
其中,$ {p}_{{\mathrm{i}}} $$ {p}_{{\mathrm{rig}}} $$ {p}_{{\mathrm{e}}} $分别为入射声场、刚性散射声场、弹性散射声场中的声压,$ {d}_{0} $为远场观察点距圆柱壳中心的距离。当有限长圆柱壳表面未敷设声学覆盖层时,直接由式(9)计算并得到圆柱壳径向振动模态位移,进一步计算相应的弹性散射声场及散射形函数,只需将声学覆盖层外表面半径$ {a}_{N} $修改为圆柱壳半径$ a $即可。
为验证前面建立的计算模型,针对表1所列未敷设覆盖层的有限长圆柱壳参数,计算平面波垂直入射情况下该圆柱壳的远场反向散射声场,并与文献[10]解析计算结果及COMSOL软件数值计算结果进行比较。
在计算有限长圆柱壳远场弹性散射声场时,文献[10]将圆柱壳视为径长比$ a/l\ll 1 $的细长体,采用无限长圆柱壳的模态辐射声阻抗作为有限长圆柱壳的流体负载,建立圆柱壳的声振耦合方程。求解得到圆柱壳耦合振动径向模态位移,进一步采用扇形球谐函数计算有限长圆柱壳远场弹性散射声场
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{res}}}=-\frac{k}{{\text{π}} }\sum \limits_{n}\sum \limits_{m}\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}{{\mathrm{i}}}^{n}\cos n\phi \cdot {b}_{nm}\int \limits_{-l/2}^{l/2}h_{n}^{(1)}(kd){\left(\frac{r}{d}\right)}^{{n}}\sin {k}_{m}\left(t+\frac{l}{2}\right){\mathrm{d}}t $
通过球汉克尔函数$ h_{n}^{(1)}(kd) $与相位因子的远场近似,可以得到有限长圆柱壳远场反向弹性散射表达式
$ {p}_{{\mathrm{res}}}=\frac{i{\rho }_{0}{\omega }^{2}}{{\text{π}} }\frac{{\text{e}}^{{\mathrm{i}}k{{d}_{0}}}}{{d}_{0}}\sum \limits_{n}\sum \limits_{m}\frac{2}{{\varepsilon }_{n}}{(-1)}^{{n}}{\left(\frac{k\sin {\theta }_{{\mathrm{i}}}}{\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{m}^{2}}}\right)}^{n}\cdot \frac{W_{\mathrm{n}m}^{}}{\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{m}^{2}}\cdot H_{n}^{(1)}{}^{\prime}(\sqrt{{k}^{2}-k_{m}^{2}}\cdot a)}\cdot \dfrac{\dfrac{2m{\text{π}} }{l}\left\{\begin{array}{l}\cos (-kl\cos {\theta }_{{\mathrm{i}}}/2)\\\mathrm{isin}(-kl\cos {\theta }_{\mathrm{i}}/2)\end{array}\right\}}{{\left(\dfrac{m{\text{π}} }{l}\right)}^{2}-{(k\cos {{\theta }_{{\mathrm{i}}}})}^{2}} $
其中,$ {W}_{nm} $为圆柱壳表面径向模态位移,$ {\theta }_{{\mathrm{i}}} $为平面入射波的入射角度,$ a $$ l $分别为圆柱壳的半径与长度,$ {d}_{0} $为远场观察点距圆柱壳中心的距离。具体推导过程见文献[10]。
用于声散射计算的COMSOL模型采用1/4对称模型(见图3)。采用壳单元建立圆柱壳有限元模型,圆柱壳两端为简支边界条件,并设置一定长度的圆柱段,通过施加硬声场条件模拟圆柱壳端部的刚性声障板。圆柱壳外部设置流体域,通过COMSOL中的“压力声学—频域”物理场接口建模计算静态背景条件下流体域中的声压。在计算圆柱壳弹性散射时,圆柱壳壁面与流体域通过“声—结构边界”接口实现耦合;计算圆柱壳刚性散射时,考虑到圆柱壳壁面为刚性,散射声场仅与结构形状有关,因此壁面与流体域之间不设置耦合。此外,流体域外侧设置了无反射边界条件的匹配层,用于模拟无限大声学域。流体域采用自由四面体网格,匹配层采用8层扫掠网格,为保证计算精度,最大网格尺寸$ {h}_{\max } $取波长$ \lambda $的1/6,网格单元数量为171 028。
图4(a)给出本文模型计算得到的垂直入射平面波作用下圆柱壳的反向刚性散射、弹性散射及总散射形态函数;图4(b)则给出了本文模型、文献模型以及COMSOL模型计算得到的圆柱壳总散射形态函数。由图可见,在500~1500 Hz频率范围,本文模型与文献模型计算得到的总散射形态函数幅值及峰值频率基本吻合;但在500 Hz以下的频率范围,本文模型计算得到的散射形态函数不仅峰值更多,其量级也明显大于文献模型的结果。其原因是本文模型采用了两端为无限长刚性圆柱声障板的有限长圆柱壳声模态阻抗作为流体负载,而文献模型则采用了无限长圆柱壳模态声阻抗作为流体负载,忽略了圆柱壳轴向模态声阻抗的作用,使得低频声辐射效率降低,峰值减少。COMSOL模型计算得到的1500 Hz以上的频率范围的弹性散射与总散射形态函数与两种解析结果趋于一致,在1500 Hz以下则有着较为明显的差异,该差异随着频率的增加逐渐减小。主要原因是COMSOL数值模型通过设置一段有限长的硬声场条件圆柱段来模拟两端的声障板,这与本文模型圆柱壳两端无限长刚性声障板的边界条件存在一定区别。
为了进一步验证本文建立的敷设声学覆盖层的有限长圆柱壳声散射计算模型,将敷设的声学覆盖层设置为“水层”,厚度为5 mm,其特性阻抗与水介质特性阻抗一致。计算得到的无声学覆盖层和敷设“水层”两种情况下的有限长圆柱壳总散射形态函数基本重合,仅在高频存在很微小的差异(见图5)。
针对敷设均匀声学覆盖层的有限长无肋圆柱壳,计算其声散射特性,模型基本参数见表1,敷设的均匀声学覆盖层参数见表2。均匀声学覆盖层厚为10 cm,其特征声阻抗$ {\rho }_{{\mathrm{c}}}{c}_{{\mathrm{c}}} $采用水介质特征声阻抗$ {\rho }_{0}{c}_{0} $进行归一化($ {\rho }_{{\mathrm{c}}}{c}_{{\mathrm{c}}}/{\rho }_{0}{c}_{0}=\alpha $),并设置声学覆盖层归一化声速$ \alpha_{{\mathrm{c}}}=c_{{\mathrm{c}}} / c_{0} $与归一化密度$ \alpha_{\rho}=\rho_{{\mathrm{c}}} / \rho_{0} $,且满足$ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\times {\alpha }_{\rho }=\alpha $
针对Case1.1的覆盖层参数,在垂直入射的平面波激励下,由于覆盖层对圆柱壳振动传递的衰减作用,在计算频率范围内覆盖层外表面均方振速明显小于无覆盖层的圆柱壳体均方振速(见图6)。无覆盖层圆柱壳与敷设覆盖层圆柱壳在不同方位角($ \theta =0{^{\circ}}\sim 180{^{\circ}} $)下的散射形态函数(见图7)。因覆盖层减小表面振动位移,在敷设Case1.1声学覆盖层的情况下,500 Hz频率下正横方向总散射形态函数降低约2 dB;1000 Hz时在正横方向总散射形态函数则降低7 dB左右。
进一步计算比较不同特征声阻抗及不同声速、密度参数均匀声学覆盖层对圆柱壳声散射特性的影响。在垂直入射的平面声波作用下,不敷设覆盖层与敷设不同特征声阻抗均匀声学覆盖层时,圆柱壳反向散射形态函数计算结果由图8(a)给出,其中覆盖层归一化特征声阻抗参数$ \alpha $从Case1.1算例至Case1.4算例逐渐增大,分别为0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2;归一化声速$ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}} $与归一化密度$ {\alpha }_{\rho } $则均设为$ \sqrt{\alpha } $。计算结果表明,较小特征声阻抗的覆盖层具有更好的降低圆柱壳低频声散射形态函数效果,在100~300 Hz频率范围声散射形态函数峰值降低3~5 dB,而在400 Hz以上频率范围,覆盖层降低声散射形态函数的作用随频率增加而增大,其中Case1.1算例具有较小的特征声阻抗,在600 Hz和1400 Hz左右频段形态函数分别降低3 dB和9 dB左右,而在1400 Hz以上频段形态函数则随频率有所增加;Case1.2~Case1.4算例的特征声阻抗逐渐增大,在低频降低散射形态函数的效果有所减弱,但中高频的效果好于Case1.1算例,其中Case1.2算例可在1500 Hz以上频段比无覆盖层的圆柱壳形态函数降低约7~12 dB。图8(b) 给出了均匀声学覆盖层特征声阻抗一定时,不同声速、密度参数对圆柱壳声散射形态函数的影响。计算结果表明:声速参数较小的Case2.1算例不仅具有较好的降低低频声散射形态函数峰值的效果,且在500 Hz频率附近及900~1500 Hz频率范围,仍可分别降低声散射形态函数约3 dB及6~9 dB,而在1500 Hz以上效果则逐渐减弱至3 dB左右。声速参数较大的Case2.2和Case2.3算例在500~1500 Hz频段内降低形态函数的效果小于Case2.1算例,但在1500 Hz以上高频段降低形态函数的效果则优于Case2.1算例,分别达到9 dB与7 dB。一般来说,敷设具有较小特征声阻抗参数且波速较慢的均匀覆盖层,具有较好的降低低频声散射形态函数效果;反之,敷设具有较大特征声阻抗且波速较快的均匀覆盖层,则具有较好的高频效果。
进一步针对具有不同声学参数的分层梯度声学覆盖层,计算分析圆柱壳的声散射特性,圆柱壳模型的基本参数如表1所示。将10 cm厚声学覆盖层分为5层等厚度层,各分层为2 cm厚均匀层,具体参数见表3,其中Case3.1算例设为均匀声学覆盖层,归一化特征声阻抗$ \alpha =0.8 $;Case3.2~Case3.4算例由内至外各层的特征声阻抗逐渐增大,平均归一化特征声阻抗为$ \overline{\alpha }=0.8 $,相应的分层梯度$ \delta $分别为0.1、0.15、0.2; Case3.5和Case3.6算例的分层梯度均为0.15,相应的平均归一化特征声阻抗$ \overline{\alpha } $分别为0.6与1.0。
根据文献[2]的计算分析,当入射平面声波作用于圆柱壳敷设的声学覆盖层外表面,激励力通过覆盖层向壳体传递时会受到一定程度的抑制,但覆盖层的特征声阻抗较水更小,壳体振动由于阻抗失配会在一定程度上增大,进一步地,壳体振动向覆盖层外表面传递时又会受到覆盖层的抑制。因此入射平面声波与振动位移之间存在比较复杂的耦合传递关系,而分层梯度覆盖层则会较均匀层在更低的频段降低覆盖层外表面的耦合振动位移。针对表3给出的工况参数,计算平面声波垂直入射时,敷设均匀覆盖层与分层梯度覆盖层情况下覆盖层外表面的典型模态位移,结果见图9。计算结果表明,类似于湍流边界层脉动压力表面激励的情况[2],分层梯度覆盖层在特定的频率范围可明显抑制其外表面振动模态位移,且有效频段与分层梯度层特征参数有关。当分层梯度覆盖层的平均特征声阻抗与均匀层相同时,前者降低覆盖层外表面模态位移的下限频率稍低于后者(参见Case3.3与Case3.1算例);当分层梯度覆盖层梯度相同时,平均特征声阻抗较小的梯度层则会在明显更低的频率范围降低覆盖层外表面模态位移(见Case3.5与Case3.3算例)。注意到,分层梯度覆盖层表面低阶模态振动位移减小较为明显,随着模态阶数增加,不同覆盖层及其参数变化对减小其表面模态振动位移的作用逐渐减弱。敷设特征声阻抗沿厚度方向梯度增大且平均特征声阻抗较小的分层梯度声学覆盖层,可以比均匀覆盖层在更低频段降低外表面的模态位移,从而进一步影响敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的圆柱壳声散射特性。上述现象是源于自由场流体与声学覆盖层之间,覆盖层各分层之间的阻抗失配效应。流体与声学覆盖层的边界以及梯度覆盖层各分层的边界由于阻抗失配,会反射并在一定程度上阻隔声波的传递,最终使得梯度覆盖层外表面的位移降低。
依据表1表3所列计算模型及参数,计算垂直入射平面声波作用下敷设分层梯度覆盖层的圆柱壳声散射形态函数,结果见图10图10(a)中分层梯度覆盖层的平均归一化特征声阻抗与均匀层同取0.8,Case3.2~Case3.4算例中分层梯度由0.1递增至0.2,相应的归一化声速与密度均取$ \sqrt{\alpha } $。计算结果表明:敷设分层梯度覆盖层与均匀覆盖层一样,不仅降低散射形态函数的低频峰值,而且在500 Hz以上频段明显降低散射形态函数,在500~1500 Hz频率范围内,分层梯度覆盖层具有比均匀覆盖层更好的效果;但在1500 Hz以上前者降低散射形态函数的效果弱于后者。随着覆盖层分层梯度的逐渐增大,在500~1500 Hz频率范围内的散射形态函数逐渐减小,其中分层梯度最大的Case3.4算例比均匀覆盖层的散射形态函数低约3.5 dB;但是,较大的分层梯度会引起高频散射形态函数增大,在1500 Hz以上频率Case3.4算例分层梯度覆盖层的总散射形态函数高于Case3.1算例均匀覆盖层2~4 dB左右。当声学覆盖层分层梯度$ \delta $均为0.15,归一化声速与密度均取$ \sqrt{\alpha } $,平均归一化特征声阻抗$ \overline{\alpha } $分别为0.6、0.8、1.0时,对应的散射形态函数见图10(b),敷设三种不同平均归一化特征声阻抗$ \overline{\alpha } $的分层梯度覆盖层,400 Hz以下频率的散射形态函数并无明显差别;Case3.3与Case3.6算例在500~1750 Hz的频率范围内,前者具有较小的平均归一化特征声阻抗,能够较后者降低约3 dB的散射形态函数,但在1750 Hz以上频段,Case3.3算例则比Case3.6算例的散射形态函数大约2.5 dB;Case3.5算例具有最小的平均归一化特征声阻抗,在400~1350 Hz频率范围内,它比Case3.6算例散射形态函数最大减小约3.5 dB,虽然降低散射形态函数的效果向低频迁移,但在1350 Hz以上频段,其散射形态函数则比Case3.6算例大约7 dB。对应覆盖层外表面模态振动位移随分层梯度覆盖层参数的变化特征,兼具较小平均特征声阻抗与较大分层梯度的声学覆盖层具有比均匀覆盖层更好的降低中低频散射形态函数的效果,但高频散射形态函数则会大于均匀覆盖层。
第3.1节和第3.2节计算选取的均匀与梯度覆盖层特征声阻抗均为常数,使得对应声速较小的覆盖层算例,计算的散射形态函数在高频段会增大。考虑到实际声学覆盖层一般包含孔腔等内部结构,其声学特性往往与频率相关(见图11[4142]图11所示含空腔覆盖层的等效密度表示为$ {\rho }_{{\mathrm{e}}}=\rho (1-\alpha t/{t}_{{\mathrm{e}}}) $,其中$ \alpha ={\text{π}} {d}^{2}/4{a}^{2} $;覆盖层的等效声速$ {c}_{{\mathrm{e}}} $与等效模量$ {\kappa }_{{\mathrm{e}}} $有关,$ {\kappa }_{{\mathrm{e}}} $可表示为$ {\kappa }_{{\mathrm{e}}}={\kappa }_{0}\kappa {t}_{{\mathrm{e}}}/(\kappa t-(t-{t}_{{\mathrm{e}}}){\kappa }_{0}) $,其中$ {\kappa }_{0}=\kappa (1-\alpha ){(1+\alpha \kappa /\mu (1-{{\omega }^{2}}/{\Omega _{0}^{2}}))}^{-1} $$ \kappa $为覆盖层材料的杨氏模量,$ \mu $为剪切模量,$ {\Omega }_{0} $为空腔的共振频率。由内含空腔覆盖层的等效密度与声速表达式可知,等效声速依据不同的空腔形态、尺度及布局等因素随频率增大而增加,而等效密度不随频率改变。为了改进声学覆盖层降低高频散射形态函数的效果,进一步考虑密度恒定、声速随频率变化的声学覆盖层。以文献[4142]给出的PDMS粘弹性材料为例,在埋置空腔的情况下覆盖层密度选取850 kg/m3,即$ {\alpha }_{\rho }=0.85 $,覆盖层声速则在满足$ {\alpha }_{{\mathrm{c}}}\cdot {\alpha }_{\rho }=0.3\rightarrow 1.0 $的条件下,通过不同的方式随频率增加。Case4.1算例声速随频率线性增加,Case4.2和Case4.3算例声速分别以二次函数$ {c}_{2}\propto {a}_{2}{f}^{2},{a}_{2} \gt 0 $$ {c}_{3}\propto {a}_{3}{f}^{2},{a}_{3} \lt 0 $随频率变化(见图12)。按此参数计算的圆柱壳散射形态函数见图13(a)。声学覆盖层Case4.2算例的声速以二次函数随频率增加且导数为负,在300~2000 Hz频率范围内,能够明显降低散射形态函数,其中300 Hz附近降低约1.5 dB,500 Hz左右约5 dB,1000 Hz左右可达13 dB,1500 Hz以上则有7~10 dB,不仅优于Case4.1和Case4.3算例的效果,且有效范围向低频扩展。
进一步将均匀覆盖层Case4.2算例扩展为分层梯度覆盖层,其厚度为10 cm,沿厚度方向等分为5层,各分层密度均为850 kg/m3,并设置100 m/s和150 m/s两种声速梯度,分别设为Case4.4和4.5算例,计算得到的散射形态函数见图13(b)。计算结果表明:在100~500 Hz频率范围内,Case4.4 算例降低散射形态函数的效果比Case4.2算例增加1 dB左右,在500~1500 Hz频段后者比前者的降低效果增加1~2 dB。分层声速梯度较大的覆盖层Case4.5在100~350 Hz频率范围,增大了降低散射形态函数的效果,达到3 dB左右,而在350~1500 Hz频率范围,Case4.5算例降低散射形态函数的效果小于Case4.2和Case4.4算例的效果。在1500 Hz以上频率,无论Case4.4算例还是Case4.5算例都与Case4.2算例的效果基本一致。降低有限长圆柱壳的散射形态函数时,不同频段对覆盖层特征声阻抗参数的要求不同。覆盖层具备低频较小但高频快速增加的归一化特征声阻抗,有利于兼顾在宽频带范围降低散射形态函数,若适当增大分层梯度,则可向低频扩展控制效果而不使中频段效果退化。
考虑敷设声学覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳结构的声散射特性,环肋采用T形截面并沿轴向等间距布置,具体参数见表4。依据表1模型参数及表4算例,计算得到的垂直入射平面声波作用下加肋圆柱壳的散射形态函数如图14所示。由图可见,在500 Hz以下频段加肋圆柱壳比无肋圆柱壳的散射形态函数明显增加,其原因是肋骨增加了圆柱壳的声辐射效率,但是不同肋骨尺寸与肋骨数量的圆柱壳散射形态函数,只是峰值幅度及频率稍有不同,并没有显著差异,此结果有别于加肋圆柱壳水动力噪声的声辐射功率谱中,因肋骨调制作用而出现的明显“阻带”与“通带”现象[2]。圆柱壳设置肋骨后,结构振动模态的轴向波数谱中出现肋骨调制引起的附加波数响应峰值,当此波数分量与激励波数发生耦合相互作用时便产生峰值。湍流边界层脉动压力为宽波数激励,能够在较宽的波数谱中与加肋圆柱壳轴向波数耦合作用产生共振与反共振峰值,即“阻带”与“通带”现象;而入射平面声波为单一波数激励,且垂直入射时肋骨表现为质量效应,因此两者仅能够在较窄的波数谱中耦合作用,无法凸显水动力噪声的声辐射功率谱中的类似现象。
针对Case5.2算例设置9根中肋骨的有限长圆柱壳,分别敷设Case4.4算例的均匀覆盖层和Case4.6、Case4.7算例的分层梯度覆盖层,在垂直入射平面声波作用下,计算得到的圆柱壳散射形态函数见图15。由图可见,在500 Hz以下频段,除个别峰值以外,Case4.7、Case4.6及Case4.4算例的声学覆盖层能够一定程度抑制加肋圆柱壳的散射形态函数峰值,且Case4.7算例稍优于Case4.6和Case4.4算例的效果。但在500 Hz以上频段,敷设Case4.4算例均匀覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳散射形态函数比Case4.6、Case4.7算例的散射形态函数小3~5 dB,这与1500 Hz以上频段Case4.4、Case4.6和Case4.7三种算例的无肋圆柱壳形态函数基本一致的情况不同。
本文基于文献[12]推导的自由场环境中敷设分层梯度覆盖层的有限长加肋圆柱壳声振耦合模态方程,建立了敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层有限长加肋圆柱壳的声散射计算模型,分析了声学覆盖层特征声阻抗及密度、声速和分层梯度对散射形态函数的影响,进一步考虑了覆盖层分层密度、声速与频率相关的覆盖层特征声阻抗及声速等参数对圆柱壳和加肋圆柱壳散射形态函数的作用。研究结果表明:
(1)敷设具有一定厚度的均匀覆盖层减小了辐射面的耦合振动位移,可以在一定频率范围内降低有限长圆柱壳的散射形态函数。具有较小特征声阻抗参数及慢波速参数的均匀覆盖层,可以较好地抑制圆柱壳低频段的声散射形态函数;兼具较大特征声阻抗参数与较大声速参数的均匀覆盖层,则能够明显降低圆柱壳中高频段的声散射形态函数。
(2)敷设平均特征声阻抗较小且分层梯度较大的分层梯度声学覆盖层,能够比均匀层更好地降低中低频散射形态函数,但圆柱壳敷设分层梯度覆盖层时的高频散射形态函数则会大于敷设均匀覆盖层的情况。
(3) 敷设特征声阻抗参数随频率增大的覆盖层时,分层梯度声学覆盖层兼具了较小特征声阻抗及慢波速参数的低频效果与较大特征声阻抗及快波速参数的高频效果,在各频段均能有效降低圆柱壳的散射形态函数。
(4)圆柱壳的散射形态函数受肋骨大小与数量的影响会产生较为明显的差异。在加肋圆柱壳表面敷设声学覆盖层,可以有效抑制圆柱壳的散射形态函数,其效应同样受到覆盖层特征声阻抗参数及覆盖层分层梯度的影响。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
俞白兮, 李 凯, 张 峰, . 敷设分层梯度声学覆盖层的加肋圆柱壳声辐射特性研究[J]. 船舶力学, 2024, 28(2): 294‒308.
Yu B X, Li K, Zhang F, et al. Sound radiation characteristics of ribbed cylindrical shells with multilayer graded acoustical coating[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024, 28(2): 294‒308. (in Chinese)
2
Yu B X, Li K, Zhu Z D, et al. Study on hydrodynamic noise characteristics of stiffened cylindrical shell with multilayer gradient acoustic coating[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2025, 323: 120527.
3
Skelton E A, James J H. Theoretical acoustic of underwater structures[M]. Imperial College Press, 1997.
4
Huang H, Gaunaurd G C. Acoustic scattering of a plane wave by two spherical elastic shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995, 98(4): 2149‒2156.
5
Werby M F, Gaunaurd G C. Classification of resonances from scattering at arbitrary incident angles from submerged spheroidal shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1987, 82(4): 1369‒1379.
6
Doolittle R D, Überall H. Sound scattering by elastic cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1966, 39(2): 272‒275 .
7
Tran-van-nhieu M. Scattering from a finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 91(2): 670‒679 .
8
Tran-van-nhieu M. Scattering from a ribbed finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2001, 110(6): 2858‒2866.
9
郑国垠, 范 军, 汤渭霖. 充水有限长圆柱薄壳声散射: Ⅰ. 理论[J]. 声学学报, 2009, 34(6): 490‒497.
Zheng G Y, Fan J, Tang W L. Acoustic scattering from fluid-filled finite cylindrical shell in water: I. theory[J]. Acta Acustica, 2009, 34(6): 490‒497. (in Chinese)
10
Pan A, Fan J, Wang B. Acoustic scattering from a double periodically bulkheaded and ribbed finite cylindrical shell[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2013, 134: 3452‒3463.
11
Klauson A, Metsaveer J. Sound scattering by a cylindrical shell reinforced by lengthwise ribs and walls[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 91(4): 1834‒1843.
12
Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J. Acoustic scattering from a cylindrical shell with an internal rigid plate: Analysis and experiment[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018, 143(6): 3332‒3344.
13
Tong Y, Wang B, Fan J. Acoustic scattering from an infinitely long cylindrical shell with periodic internal lengthwise ribs[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2020, 148(2): 984‒997.
14
Meyer V, Maxit L. A sub-structuring approach for modeling the acoustic scattering from stiffened submerged shells coupled to non-axisymmetric internal structures[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2016, 140(3): 1609‒1617.
15
Photiadis D M. Resonance response of complex shell structures[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2000, 108(3): 1027‒1035.
16
Waterman P C. T-matrix methods in acoustic scattering[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2009, 125(1): 42‒51.
17
Schenck H A. Improved integral formulation for acoustic radiation problems[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1968, 44(1): 41‒58.
18
Wilton D T. Acoustic radiation and scattering from elastic structures[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 1978, 13: 123‒138.
19
Tobocman W. Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation I[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1984, 76(2): 599‒607.
20
Tobocman W. Calculation of acoustic wave scattering by means of the Helmholtz integral equation II[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1984, 76(5): 1549‒1554.
21
Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, et al. An advanced computational method for radiation and scattering of acoustic wave in three dimensions[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1985, 77(2): 362‒368.
22
Seybert A F, Soenarko B, Rizzo F J, et al. A special integral equation formulation for acoustic radiation and scattering for axisymmetric bodies and boundary condition[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1986, 80(4): 1241‒1247.
23
Miller R D, Huang H, Meyer E T, et al. A comparison between the boundary element method and the wave superposition approach for the analysis of the scattered fields from rigid bodies and elastic shells[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991, 89(5): 2185‒2196.
24
Stepanishen P R, Chen H W. Acoustic harmonic radiation and scattering from shells of revolution using finite element and internal source density method[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1992, 92(6): 3343‒3357.
25
Astley R J, Macaulay G J, Coyette J P. Mapped wave envelope elements for acoustical radiation and scattering[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 170(1): 97‒118.
26
Cremers L, Fyfe K R. On the use of variable order infinite wave envelope elements for acoustic radiation and scsttering[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1995, 97(4): 2028‒2040.
27
Burnett D S, Holford R L. Prolate and oblate spheroidal acoustic infinite elements[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 1998, 158: 117‒141.
28
Laulagnet B, Guyader J L. Sound radiation from a finite cylindrical shell covered with a compliant layer[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1991, 113: 267‒272.
29
Laulagnet B, Guyader J L. Sound radiation from finite cylindrical shells, partially covered with longitudinal strips of compliant layer[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995, 186(5): 723‒742.
30
Liu S X, Zou M S. Vibratory response and acoustic radiation of a finite cylindrical shell partially covered with circumferential compliant layers[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 141: 188‒197.
31
Fu X Y, Jin Z K, Liu B L. Sound absorption of a rib-stiffened plate covered by anechoic coatings[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2015, 137(3): 1551‒1556.
32
Zhao D, Zhao H G, Yang H B, et al. Optimization and mechanism of acoustic absorption of Alberich coatings on a steel plate in water[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2018, 140: 183‒187.
33
Hasheminejad S M, Safari N. Acoustic scattering from viscoelastically coated spheres and cylinders in viscous fluids[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005, 280(1-2): 101‒125.
34
Ke Y B, Zhang L. An equivalent method for predicting acoustic scattering of coated shell using identified viscoelastic parameters of anechoic coating[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2021, 179: 108071.
35
Sharma G S, Marsick A. Acoustic radiation from a cylindrical shell with a voided soft elastic coating[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2021, 150: 4308‒4314.
36
Daneshjou K, Talebitooti R. Vibroacoustic study on a multilayered functionally graded cylindrical shell with poroelastic core and bonded-unbonded configuration[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2017, 393: 157‒175.
37
师康康, 靳国永, 叶天贵, . 含空腔的功能梯度声学覆盖层水下吸声特性[J]. 声学学报, 2021, 46(3): 394‒404.
Shi K K, Jin G Y, Ye T G, et al. Underwater sound absorption performance of functionally graded anechoic coating with cavities[J]. Acta Acustica, 2021, 46(3): 394‒404. (in Chinese)
38
Stepanishen P R. Radiated power and radiation loading of cylindrical surfaces with nonuniform velocity distributions[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1978, 63(2): 328‒338.
39
申杰罗夫. 水声学波动问题[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 1983.
Shenderov E L. Wave problems in underwater acoustics[M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 1983. (in Chinese)
40
Graff K F. Wave motion in elastic solids[M]. Courier Corporation, 2012.
41
Sharma G S, Faverjon B, Dureisseix D, et al. Acoustic performance of a periodically voided viscoelastic medium with uncertainty in design parameters[J]. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2020, 142(6): 061002.
42
Fang X, Pan X, Zhang X, et al. Investigation on low-frequency and broadband sound absorption of the compact anechoic coating considering hydrostatic pressure[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2024, 12(4): 543.
2026年第30卷第5期
PDF下载
92
40
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014
  • 接收时间:2026-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-07-07
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-06
基金
作者信息
    1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
    3.西北工业大学 航海学院,西安 710072

通讯作者:

俞白兮(1990–),男,硕士,高级工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2026.05.014
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏