Article(id=1243896553262400482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745424000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497648778, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1760889600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497648778, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497648778, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497648778, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896547704947617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='10', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497647453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501638614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1618, endPage=1628, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896554155787241, articleId=1243896553262400482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Ultimate strength analysis of polar ship structure based on combined theory of strength and stability, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The extreme polar marine environment is harsh and the ice conditions are complex, requiring sufficient structural strength for navigation safety of ships. Existing design specifications and monitoring guidelines for polar ships senerally only consider the ultimate strength within the elastic phase of material under single loading conditions, resulting in overly conservative strength design. The ultimate bearing capacity of polar ship structures were analyzed based on the Combined Theory of Strength and Stability (CTSS) and plastic failure models, and a calculation formula for the ultimate strength of typical structures was derived in ship-ice collision areas under plastic deformation conditions. By using the finite element analysis method, a numerical analysis model for the ultimate strength of structures was established. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results, it was found that the theoretical calculation formula is highly accurate and can be used as a quick verification method for the ultimate bearing capacity of polar ship structures. Besides, with reference to the design requirements of specifications, the article provides recommendations for the arrangement of rib space in the ice belt areas of various ice-class ships based on the theory of ultimate strength, providing reference for the design of the ultimate strength of polar ship structures.

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极地海域环境恶劣且冰情复杂,船舶需要足够的结构强度来保障航行安全。现有的极地船舶结构设计规范及监测指南中,通常考虑材料弹性阶段内的许用应力,并设置较高的安全裕量,使得强度设计结果过于保守。本文基于结构强度稳定综合理论和塑性破坏模型,针对极地船舶结构的极限承载能力进行分析,推导了结构塑性变形条件下,船冰碰撞区域典型结构的极限强度计算公式,利用有限元分析方法,建立了结构极限强度数值分析模型。通过对比理论与数值结果,发现理论计算公式具有较高的准确性,可以作为极地船舶结构极限承载能力的快速校核手段。此外,参照规范设计要求,应用极限强度理论计算模型,给出各冰级船舶冰带区肋骨间距布置的建议,可为极地船舶结构的极限强度设计提供参考。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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顾赛男(1999-),女,硕士研究生

季顺迎(1972-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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顾赛男(1999-),女,硕士研究生

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顾赛男(1999-),女,硕士研究生

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季顺迎(1972-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Sizes of stiffened plate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构构件腹板翼板结构总长板格尺寸
hw/mmtw/mmhf/mmtf/mmL/mma/mmb/mmt/mm
纵骨200875106756200035010
强肋骨3251812018
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加筋板模型尺寸

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结构构件腹板翼板结构总长板格尺寸
hw/mmtw/mmhf/mmtf/mmL/mma/mmb/mmt/mm
纵骨200875106756200035010
强肋骨3251812018
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Material parameters

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参数密度/(kg∙m−3屈服强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa切线模量/MPa泊松比
数值785035520020000.3
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材料参数

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参数密度/(kg∙m−3屈服强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa切线模量/MPa泊松比
数值785035520020000.3
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Ultimate strength calculation results

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方法结构外载荷/MPa极限强度/MPa
CTSS方法1.85473.7
FEM1.92467.6
相对误差3.6%1.3%
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极限强度计算结果

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方法结构外载荷/MPa极限强度/MPa
CTSS方法1.85473.7
FEM1.92467.6
相对误差3.6%1.3%
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Design parameters of ice load for PC6 vessels

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参数名/单位数值
冰力/MN3.77
载荷区域尺寸/m×m2.24×0.62
平均冰载荷/MPa2.69
舷侧设计冰载荷/MPa1.76
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PC6级船舶设计冰载荷参数

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参数名/单位数值
冰力/MN3.77
载荷区域尺寸/m×m2.24×0.62
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舷侧设计冰载荷/MPa1.76
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Design ice load and plate thickness of various PC vessels

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船型冰力/MN平均冰载荷/MPa舷侧设计冰载荷/MPa设计板厚/mm
PC127.8012.348.0525
PC215.548.235.3721
PC39.525.653.6917
PC47.074.562.9715
PC54.873.572.3313
PC63.772.691.7610
PC72.832.281.499
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各级船舶冰载荷及设计板厚

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船型冰力/MN平均冰载荷/MPa舷侧设计冰载荷/MPa设计板厚/mm
PC127.8012.348.0525
PC215.548.235.3721
PC39.525.653.6917
PC47.074.562.9715
PC54.873.572.3313
PC63.772.691.7610
PC72.832.281.499
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基于强度稳定性理论的极地船舶结构极限强度分析
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顾赛男 1 , 孙凯 1 , 余朝歌 2 , 田于逵 2 , 季顺迎 1
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(10): 1618-1628
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(10): 1618-1628
基于强度稳定性理论的极地船舶结构极限强度分析
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顾赛男1, 孙凯1, 余朝歌2, 田于逵2, 季顺迎1
作者信息
  • 1.大连理工大学工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,水动力学全国重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 顾赛男(1999-),女,硕士研究生

    季顺迎(1972-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Ultimate strength analysis of polar ship structure based on combined theory of strength and stability
Sai-nan GU1, Kai SUN1, Chao-ge YU2, Yu-kui TIAN2, Shun-ying JI1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis and CAE software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2025-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.011
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极地海域环境恶劣且冰情复杂,船舶需要足够的结构强度来保障航行安全。现有的极地船舶结构设计规范及监测指南中,通常考虑材料弹性阶段内的许用应力,并设置较高的安全裕量,使得强度设计结果过于保守。本文基于结构强度稳定综合理论和塑性破坏模型,针对极地船舶结构的极限承载能力进行分析,推导了结构塑性变形条件下,船冰碰撞区域典型结构的极限强度计算公式,利用有限元分析方法,建立了结构极限强度数值分析模型。通过对比理论与数值结果,发现理论计算公式具有较高的准确性,可以作为极地船舶结构极限承载能力的快速校核手段。此外,参照规范设计要求,应用极限强度理论计算模型,给出各冰级船舶冰带区肋骨间距布置的建议,可为极地船舶结构的极限强度设计提供参考。

极地船舶  /  结构极限强度  /  塑性变形  /  结构设计  /  冰载荷

The extreme polar marine environment is harsh and the ice conditions are complex, requiring sufficient structural strength for navigation safety of ships. Existing design specifications and monitoring guidelines for polar ships senerally only consider the ultimate strength within the elastic phase of material under single loading conditions, resulting in overly conservative strength design. The ultimate bearing capacity of polar ship structures were analyzed based on the Combined Theory of Strength and Stability (CTSS) and plastic failure models, and a calculation formula for the ultimate strength of typical structures was derived in ship-ice collision areas under plastic deformation conditions. By using the finite element analysis method, a numerical analysis model for the ultimate strength of structures was established. By comparing the theoretical and numerical results, it was found that the theoretical calculation formula is highly accurate and can be used as a quick verification method for the ultimate bearing capacity of polar ship structures. Besides, with reference to the design requirements of specifications, the article provides recommendations for the arrangement of rib space in the ice belt areas of various ice-class ships based on the theory of ultimate strength, providing reference for the design of the ultimate strength of polar ship structures.

polar ship  /  ultimate strength  /  plastic deformation  /  structural design  /  ice load
顾赛男, 孙凯, 余朝歌, 田于逵, 季顺迎. 基于强度稳定性理论的极地船舶结构极限强度分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1618 -1628 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.011
Sai-nan GU, Kai SUN, Chao-ge YU, Yu-kui TIAN, Shun-ying JI. Ultimate strength analysis of polar ship structure based on combined theory of strength and stability[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1618 -1628 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.011
由于冰区航行环境的复杂性,冰区航行过程中,船体结构不仅会受到纵向载荷作用,还会受到由海冰摩擦和撞击产生的侧向压力[1]等多种载荷的联合作用。相较于普通船舶,冰区航行船舶在强度和安全性方面有着更高的要求。在极端载荷作用下,船舶结构会发生塑性变形,甚至发生损伤,从而影响整体结构强度和航行安全性[2]。传统结构设计主要基于弹性设计理念,通过增加板材厚度和骨架数量来提高结构的安全性,但这会导致船身自重增大、建造成本增加以及污染排放增加。实际应用过程中,当结构受外载荷超过比例极限进入塑性状态时,结构仍具有一定的承载能力。因此,考虑钢材的塑性承载能力,允许结构发生一定程度的塑性变形,可以在保障结构安全的前提下,有效提高强度利用率[3]
目前,相关规范主要考虑船舶结构弹性范围内的极限强度,对于塑性阶段的强度计算尚未形成统一标准。加筋板结构作为船体典型结构形式,常被应用于强度的计算分析中[4],对于加筋板极限强度的研究主要有理论方法[5-6]、模型试验方法以及数值模拟方法。其中,模型试验方法主要以中小尺度试验为主,如双摆锤冲击试验[7]等,通过在结构肋骨等主要受力位置处安装应变片,分析结构与海冰碰撞过程,研究结构变形情况[8-10];数值模拟方法主要以非线性有限元法为主,通过设置各种外部条件以及初始缺陷,来模拟各个工况下结构的变形[11-13]。不少学者通过非线性有限元方法研究了船舶底部加筋板结构在多向压力作用下的极限强度,分析结果表明,侧向载荷对极限强度有较大影响。较大的冰载荷撞击会造成船舶结构塑性变形,造成结构几何非线性,为保证船舶服役期间结构的安全性,需要设置适当的安全裕度[14]。然而,目前的数值模拟和试验方法在针对材料塑性的结构极限承载能力分析时,受到计算机计算能力和实验条件等因素的限制,难以进行快速求解。相比之下,理论计算方法在强度快速校核方面展现出较大优势[15]。其中,由罗培林提出的结构强度稳定综合理论计算方法(Combined Theory of Strength and Stability,CTSS)[16],通过将材料自身性能与结构的平衡状态相结合,可求解结构失效和稳定性问题。该理论利用直接计算方法求解船舶结构的极限强度,在船舶结构强度分析方面有较为广泛的应用。
本文基于CTSS方法,推导得到低温高强度钢材非线性状态下的强度利用率。基于板材塑性变形破坏模式,得到极地船舶典型舷侧结构在塑性变形下的强度计算公式,可对极地船舶结构极限强度开展快速评估。利用有限元分析,建立极地船舶结构数值分析模型,计算其在塑性变形下的极限强度,进一步验证了强度计算公式的准确性。最后,根据相关规范设计要求,应用强度计算公式,给出了各冰级船舶冰带区域骨材间距布置方案,为结构设计提供参考。
船-冰相互作用过程的结构变形分析中往往伴随着复杂的非线性问题[17],基于CTSS理论和衍生比例定理,根据材料的本构关系,切线模量因子被用于解决结构非线性状态下的强度问题[18]。CTSS理论方法结合了材料自身性能与结构平衡状态,通常用于梁柱问题的求解。极地船舶在破冰过程中,船体舷侧结构承受着轴向和侧向冰载荷的联合作用,表现出与梁柱破坏相似的结构破坏形式。根据衍生比例定律,材料的强度利用率ψ可以利用四参数方程表示为[16]
式中,ABCm均为方程参数,Φ为切线模量因子。
大多数船用钢材非线性段的切线模量因子可以用直线参数方程ψ=1-代替[19],其中g为材料系数,由比例极限计算得到。极地船舶由于航行环境的特殊性,建造材料通常采用AH级或DH级的高强度钢[12]。DH40高强度钢的力学性能通过低温材料力学试验获取,试验在−10 ℃环境下进行,如图1(a)所示。试验中,通过对钢材持续施加载荷,我们得到了材料的应力应变曲线,如图1(b)所示。
由材料的应力-应变曲线可以发现,在线弹性阶段DH40钢材料符合胡克定律,应力与应变呈线性正相关;当材料进入屈服阶段后,材料应力随应变增大发生非线性变化,材料的屈服强度约为410 MPa;继续拉伸,测得材料的抗拉强度约为516 MPa。材料在整个过程中发生明显的塑性变形,卸载外力后无法恢复到初始状态。因此在考虑极地船舶全寿命周期内冰载荷对结构安全性影响时,要考虑残余变形对结构强度的影响。
材料相对应力-应变曲线可用幂函数表示(PL模型)。根据PL模型可求得结构比例极限为:
式中,ABCm均由四参数拟合曲线获得,相对应力-应变的具体拟合曲线如图2所示。根据公式计算得到
材料应力-相对切影应变曲线以及切线模量因子曲线,分别如图3图4所示,图中σs为屈服强度,σp为材料的比例极限。
图4Φ为切线模量因子,表示弹性体的平衡状态,σp为材料的比例极限,Φp为比例极限下结构的对应的切线模量因子,超过比例极限后结构发生屈曲变形。低温钢DH40非线性段的切线模量因子-平均应力可用直线近似拟合,从而线性阶段与非线性阶段材料的强度利用率ψ可简化为:
加筋板是极地船舶典型的舷侧结构型式,为保障冰区航行安全,我们需要评估其极限承载能力。其主要的破坏模式分为梁柱破坏、板格破坏、腹板破坏和整体破坏四种[20],其中板格结构相较于其他部位更易发生破坏。极地船舶在作业过程中会受到海冰的撞击、挤压和摩擦等作用。结构轴向受力主要表现为冰阻力,而侧向受力则表现为海冰的瞬态冲击力,这使得极地船舶舷侧结构更易受损。因此,在研究中我们主要关注加筋板板格的失效情况[21]
当结构受到的海冰侧向挤压力超过其所能承受的比例极限时,加筋板板格结构并不会立即失效。此时,结构进入塑性阶段,仍能承受一定的外力作用,因此,在计算结构的极限强度时,我们需要考虑结构在塑性变形下所能承受的最大侧向外力。我们采用有限元方法来模拟结构在海冰侧向挤压作用的变形,如图5所示。加筋板板格的变形破坏模式近似于Kmiecik等学者提出的外板“屋顶型”破坏模型[22]
此时,可以利用虚功原理求解板格结构失效时的极限强度。塑性绞线处的内力做功和外力做功分别为:
式中,Mp是塑性弯矩,σ0为材料屈服强度,t为结构厚度,α是塑性铰线夹角,b是载荷板宽度,θ为板材形变角度。根据破坏模式的结构形式,可将外力作用表示为:
式中,p是结构所受冰载荷,a是塑性铰线长度,s是载荷板长度。当内力δwi与外力δw做功相等时,加筋板板格的变形达到最大值,此时结构的极限外载荷公式为:
根据数值优化方法可以将公式进一步简化[23],假设得到关于sb的方程的外载荷计算公式:
式中,Kp为外载荷系数,表达式如下:
IACS冰级规范中定义的极地船舶结构的极限冰载荷与冰载荷设计区域面积具有较大的相关性。规范给出舷侧冰带区域冰载荷作用区域的长宽比通常为3.6。在1⩽ x ⩽3.6范围内,Kpx的增大而减小。当x=3.6时,结构所能承受的外力最小,此时Kp=0.23,如图6所示,从而可计算得到板格所能承受的侧向载荷。
极地船舶航行过程中由于船-冰撞击作用,结构受到的冰载荷侧向作用力往往大于轴向作用力[16],需要考虑板格侧向撞击和单向受压作用下的极限强度。通过计算,我们得到板材塑性变形时结构受到的侧向压力,并结合相关计算公式,我们可以进一步得到结构因子φ和切线模量因子Φ,从而确定极地船舶典型加筋板结构的极限强度[24]为:
式中,n为综合因子,为强度因子,b为载荷板宽度,t为结构厚度,p为结构塑性变形时的外载荷,σ0为材料屈服强度,σE为欧拉临界应力。
将计算公式代入式(4)即可求出结构强度利用率,结构塑性变形下的极限强度σ为:
式中,ψ为强度利用率。
使用CTSS方法快速校核结构极限强度的主要计算流程如图7所示。
随着数值模拟方法的发展,针对结构复杂的变形情况,非线性有限元方法已经能够有效地进行船舶工况的模拟以及结构强度的评估工作,帮助研究者探究不同条件下的结构性能。因此,在极地船舶结构极限强度计算方面,非线性有限元方法得到了广泛应用,并成为检验理论模型准确性的重要手段[25-26]
本文建立PC6级破冰船舷侧的有限元结构模型,综合考虑计算效率和精度,结构板材和加筋板骨架均采用壳单元进行建模,有限元模型及型材结构剖面图如图8所示,结构具体尺寸列于表1。由于结构边界固定点离载荷作用点位置较远,因此边界条件对结构的分析计算影响不大[27],结构四周采用固定支撑的方式进行分析。考虑结构塑性变形下的极限强度,选用双线性强化模型材料,材料参数列于表2中。
冰载荷一般表现为脉冲载荷形式,对舷侧施加脉冲载荷至结构发生塑性破坏,加筋板结构塑性变形情况如图9所示。为验证有限元方法的合理性,本文参考了Kim等[28]开展的模型试验结果。该试验利用锥形冰压头对加筋板结构进行加载,并测量结构发生塑性破坏时的变形和载荷情况,以确定模型的极限承载能力。分别提取有限元计算和模型试验结果的单次加卸载变形和外载荷关系曲线,结果如图10所示。对比结果表明两者拟合较好,且塑性变形后结构所产生的残余变形基本一致。该结果表明本文建立的非线性有限元模型可以用来求解结构极限外载荷,同时也验证了CTSS方法的准确性。
非线性有限元分析是计算极限强度的常用方法。在分析计算中,我们通过增加载荷步的方式来保证结构计算收敛[29]。对于船体局部极限载荷计算,通常采用两倍弹性斜率准则来确定[30],进而求解出相应的极限强度。
采用与图8相同的加筋板结构模型进行比较计算,采用DH40低温高强度钢进行分析计算,钢材的屈服强度约为410 MPa。先通过CTSS方法计算得到结构侧向载荷为1.85 MPa,材料强度利用率为1.16,结构极限应力为473.7 MPa;再利用非线性有限元分析得到加筋板载荷-变形曲线,基于两倍弹性斜率准则,计算得到板格受到冰载荷作用结构发生塑性变形时,结构的外载荷为1.92 MPa,如图11所示,结构极限强度为467.6 MPa。上述两种方法所得到的结构塑性变形计算结果列于表3中,对比发现,CTSS方法具有较高的准确性,可以作为极地船舶加筋板结构极限强度快速计算手段。
极地船舶的骨架布置形式相较于普通船舶有着更高的设计要求,尤其是在冰带区域,这里易与海冰发生摩擦撞击。冰带区域不同的结构布置形式和节点设计方案会导致不同的结构响应[31],例如,增加结构板材的厚度和骨材数量能够增强区域结构的强度[32],但同时也在一定程度上增加了结构重量和建造成本,从而降低了航行效率;反之,肋骨布置过于稀疏,则会导致结构强度不足,易发生船冰碰撞下的结构损伤。合理地布置结构肋骨能在一定程度上增加区域结构的极限强度,这对船舶设计有重要的意义[33]。以PC6冰级船舶板架结构为例,骨架结构采用横骨架式,船舶设计冰载荷参数列于表4中。
船体外板受到冰载荷侧向压力后会发生凹陷损伤,损伤变形的大小与外载荷的压力有关。当板材结构受到外力作用,产生塑性铰结构形式时,参照“屋顶型”破坏模式可以得到结构板材产生大变形时所受的外载荷作用。在计算过程中发现,不同的骨材间距对结构的极限强度有不同的影响。极地船舶板材厚度和短边比值通常都在的范围内,因此,通常属于薄板结构形式。参照IACS冰级规范[34],PC6冰级船舶船中区域的板厚设置为10 mm。板材的结构外载荷与骨材间距之间的关系如图12所示。在结构设计时,需要确保结构塑性极限外载荷大于设计冰载荷,以保证航行的安全。
根据规范计算,PC6级船舶舷侧区域的设计冰载荷为1.76 MPa,根据图12可知,加筋板板格发生塑性变形所能承受的极限外载荷与骨材间距成反比,即骨材间距越大,结构所能承受的极限外载荷越小,这与工程中的实际情况一致。如图所示,骨材间距为0.35 m时,结构所能承受的极限外载荷大于规范中的冰载荷设计值,满足结构的设计要求。图13反映了结构的极限强度与骨材间距的关系,结构骨材间距越小,结构的极限强度越大。在0.35 m的设计间距下,结构所能承受的极限外载荷为1.8 MPa,此时结构在塑性变形下的结构应力值为473 MPa。
由于不同冰级船舶航行环境的不同,IACS冰级规范针对不同等级船舶舷侧预期所受冰力,给出了相应的外板设计厚度[34]。参考某10 000吨极地船舶冰带区域板架布置形式[28],我们计算了不同PC等级下的设计冰载荷和设计板厚,并将计算结果列于表5。得到不同PC级下船舶横骨架式舷侧结构的极限外载荷和应力随骨材间距布置的变化规律,如图14图15所示。从图中可以发现,冰级越高的船舶其承受极限外载荷的能力越强,这是因为冰级越高,板材设计厚度越大;结构极限承载能力随着骨材间距变大而变小,这是因为更密集的骨材会提供更加强有力的支撑。当结构极限承载能力大于设计冰载荷值时,即满足结构设计要求。此外,当结构发生塑性变形时,骨材间距越大,结构所能承受的极限强度越小,导致材料的强度利用率相对较低。PC1~PC7船舶的主要骨材间距集中在0.3~0.5 m区间,在实际设计过程中,需要结合船舶实际排水量、航行工况、结构材料等进行间距排布,既保证结构的安全性又能有效降低成本。同时,计算得到的各冰级船舶结构极限强度应力值能够为船体结构冰载荷监测和安全预警提供参考。
本文基于CTSS方法在考虑结构塑性变形的情况下,推导得到了冰载荷作用下极地船舶结构极限承载能力,以及加筋板结构的极限强度计算公式。为验证理论公式的准确性,建立了相应的非线性有限元模型,对比发现,两种计算方法的最大外载荷相对误差为3.6%,极限强度的相对误差为1.3%,结果表明本文提出的理论方法具有较好的准确性。此外,针对规范中不同冰级船舶结构的相关规定,应用理论计算方法校核了结构肋骨间距与最大承载能力之间的关系,并给出了骨材布置方案的初步建议。综上所述,本文提出的方法能够为极地船舶结构极限强度初步设计提供一定的参考,并为船冰碰撞监测和安全预警标准制定提供理论支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42176241; U20A20327)
  • 工信部极地船舶专项(CBG2N21−2−3)
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2025年第29卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.011
  • 接收时间:2025-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(42176241; U20A20327)
工信部极地船舶专项(CBG2N21−2−3)
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    1.大连理工大学工业装备结构分析优化与CAE软件全国重点实验室,辽宁 大连 116024
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,水动力学全国重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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