Article(id=1243896552268346062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497648540, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1760889600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497648540, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497648540, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497648540, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896547704947617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='10', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497647453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501638614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1572, endPage=1583, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896553140761304, articleId=1243896552268346062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=VIV simulation of circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number based on translational reference coordinate, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study of vortex induced vibration under high Reynolds number is of great importance. While flow sensors are generally fixed to structures, it is of great practical importance to analyze and simulate the measurement information under vibration conditions. In this study, the subcritical Reynolds number three-dimensional flow and vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder are simulated and analyzed using the translational moving reference coordinate method together with a self-developed fluid computation program. The results show that the method accurately simulates the vortex-induced vibration phenomenon.It is found that the phase difference between the lift and the displacement produced a jump within the VIV lock-in region, and the vortex broke up during the vibration, showing strong three-dimensional characteristics. Time-averaged physical quantities near the wall and the wake region were obtained by statistical calculation of the grid in the translational reference frame. The simulation method based on the translational reference system is similar to the observation method of sensors attached to the structure in experiment and on-site testing, which can provide references to model tests and field measurements.

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较高雷诺数条件下的涡激振动研究意义重大,而流场传感器一般固定在工程结构上,分析与模拟其在振动情况下的测量数据具有重要的实际意义。本文采用自主研发的流体计算程序及平动参考系方法,对圆柱的亚临界雷诺数三维绕流及涡激振动进行了模拟与分析。结果表明,该方法准确地模拟了涡激振动现象,涡振锁定区间内升力与位移之间的相位差产生了跳跃;涡振时流场中涡结构发生破碎,具有较强的三维特征,并得到涡振过程中壁面附近及尾流中时均物理量的空间分布情况。基于平动参考系的模拟方法,更加接近实验和实测中固定于结构上的传感器观测方式,对模型试验和现场实测具有一定的参考意义。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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战庆亮(1987-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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战庆亮(1987-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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战庆亮(1987-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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label=Tab.1, caption=

Dynamic characteristics of cylinder

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质量/kg频率/Hz阻尼比流速/(m·s−1雷诺数
U*=26.90.0140.00450.03362300
U*=36.90.0140.00450.04202875
U*=46.90.0140.00450.05603833
U*=56.90.0140.00450.07004791
U*=66.90.0140.00450.08405750
U*=96.90.0140.00450.12608625
U*=126.90.0140.00450.168011 500
U*=156.90.0140.00450.210014 378
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圆柱的动力特性

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质量/kg频率/Hz阻尼比流速/(m·s−1雷诺数
U*=26.90.0140.00450.03362300
U*=36.90.0140.00450.04202875
U*=46.90.0140.00450.05603833
U*=56.90.0140.00450.07004791
U*=66.90.0140.00450.08405750
U*=96.90.0140.00450.12608625
U*=126.90.0140.00450.168011 500
U*=156.90.0140.00450.210014 378
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Fluid force of cylinder

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CDmeanCLrms2Yrms/Df*/Hzfviv/Hz
U*=21.239 970.487 910.04890.006 280.006 28
U*=31.28070.629 770.1150.007 560.007 56
U*=42.205 930.902 840.8590.012 290.013 09
U*=52.02440.29080.8060.015 020.015 02
U*=61.638 590.207 510.8100.014 790.014 79
U*=91.131 290.07270.8060.014 300.014 30
U*=120.925 370.047 440.1150.037 710.013 77
U*=150.887 8250.052 450.1440.048 750.014 26
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流体力的统计特性

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CDmeanCLrms2Yrms/Df*/Hzfviv/Hz
U*=21.239 970.487 910.04890.006 280.006 28
U*=31.28070.629 770.1150.007 560.007 56
U*=42.205 930.902 840.8590.012 290.013 09
U*=52.02440.29080.8060.015 020.015 02
U*=61.638 590.207 510.8100.014 790.014 79
U*=91.131 290.07270.8060.014 300.014 30
U*=120.925 370.047 440.1150.037 710.013 77
U*=150.887 8250.052 450.1440.048 750.014 26
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Parameters of different investigations

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文献雷诺数质量比阻尼比Sc方法
Kang[12]1450~10 2002.60.0050.16模拟
5800~40 800130.0050.81模拟
Hover[1]7200~11 5001.5--实验
Khalak[6]5000~80002.40.00450.058实验
Morse[25]5000~16 0009.30.0140.66实验
本文2300~14 3782.40.00450.32模拟
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不同实验参数对比

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文献雷诺数质量比阻尼比Sc方法
Kang[12]1450~10 2002.60.0050.16模拟
5800~40 800130.0050.81模拟
Hover[1]7200~11 5001.5--实验
Khalak[6]5000~80002.40.00450.058实验
Morse[25]5000~16 0009.30.0140.66实验
本文2300~14 3782.40.00450.32模拟
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亚临界雷诺数圆柱涡激振动的平动参考系模拟
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战庆亮 1, 2 , 王智勇 1 , 晁阳 1 , 于利辉 1 , 辛剑英 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(10): 1572-1583
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(10): 1572-1583
亚临界雷诺数圆柱涡激振动的平动参考系模拟
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战庆亮1, 2 , 王智勇1, 晁阳1, 于利辉1, 辛剑英1
作者信息
  • 1.大连海事大学 交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连 116026
  • 2.运通交通科技(大连)有限公司 智能流体研发中心,辽宁大连 116085
  • 战庆亮(1987-),男,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
VIV simulation of circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number based on translational reference coordinate
Qing-liang ZHAN1, 2 , Zhi-yong WANG1, Yang CHAO1, Li-hui YU1, Jian-ying XIN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Transportation and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
  • 2.Smart Fluid Research Center, Yuntong Transport Technology Company, Dalian 116085, China
出版时间: 2025-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.007
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较高雷诺数条件下的涡激振动研究意义重大,而流场传感器一般固定在工程结构上,分析与模拟其在振动情况下的测量数据具有重要的实际意义。本文采用自主研发的流体计算程序及平动参考系方法,对圆柱的亚临界雷诺数三维绕流及涡激振动进行了模拟与分析。结果表明,该方法准确地模拟了涡激振动现象,涡振锁定区间内升力与位移之间的相位差产生了跳跃;涡振时流场中涡结构发生破碎,具有较强的三维特征,并得到涡振过程中壁面附近及尾流中时均物理量的空间分布情况。基于平动参考系的模拟方法,更加接近实验和实测中固定于结构上的传感器观测方式,对模型试验和现场实测具有一定的参考意义。

涡激振动  /  平动网格  /  三维模拟  /  时均流场  /  圆柱

The study of vortex induced vibration under high Reynolds number is of great importance. While flow sensors are generally fixed to structures, it is of great practical importance to analyze and simulate the measurement information under vibration conditions. In this study, the subcritical Reynolds number three-dimensional flow and vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder are simulated and analyzed using the translational moving reference coordinate method together with a self-developed fluid computation program. The results show that the method accurately simulates the vortex-induced vibration phenomenon.It is found that the phase difference between the lift and the displacement produced a jump within the VIV lock-in region, and the vortex broke up during the vibration, showing strong three-dimensional characteristics. Time-averaged physical quantities near the wall and the wake region were obtained by statistical calculation of the grid in the translational reference frame. The simulation method based on the translational reference system is similar to the observation method of sensors attached to the structure in experiment and on-site testing, which can provide references to model tests and field measurements.

vortex-induced vibration  /  translational moving grid  /  three-dimensional simulation  /  time-averaged flow circular cylinder  /  circular cylinder
战庆亮, 王智勇, 晁阳, 于利辉, 辛剑英. 亚临界雷诺数圆柱涡激振动的平动参考系模拟. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1572 -1583 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.007
Qing-liang ZHAN, Zhi-yong WANG, Yang CHAO, Li-hui YU, Jian-ying XIN. VIV simulation of circular cylinder at sub-critical Reynolds number based on translational reference coordinate[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1572 -1583 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.007
涡激振动是常见的流固耦合现象,会导致结构发生一定幅度的振动。常用的实验研究方法包括强迫振动和自由振动。强迫振动方法通过研究不同振动情况所引起的流场尾流变化来解释涡振机理[1],但难以准确反映结构与流场的复杂耦合关系[2]。自由振动的方法可体现涡激振动的自激特征,Grinffin等[3]对圆柱涡激振动进行了自由振动方法研究,得到了阻尼影响曲线。相关实验结果表明雷诺数对涡激振动振幅的影响不可忽略,在更高雷诺数下会激发更大的振幅[4],质量比[5]也是涡激振动响应大小的关键。
在亚临界雷诺数范围内,有学者通过实验对低质量阻尼的单自由度圆柱进行研究[6],实现不同的振动分支及涡激力的分析;随后有学者通过铝粒子显示法[7]、DPIV法[8]等流动显示方法对尾涡脱落模式进行了实验观测;而Govardhan等[9]进一步开展了不同尾涡模式下的平均流场的测量,由于拍摄系统无法跟随结构同步移动,因此其结果是基于固定参考系的;另外,波浪柱体[10]的实验以及表面粗糙度[11]的结果均表明在较高雷诺数情况下,涡激振动的尾流模式及振动响应是极为复杂的,值得深入研究。
随着计算方法的不断发展,数值模拟已成为涡激振动研究的重要方法,可以方便地改变结构与流场的参数,并得到丰富的流场可视化结果。在低雷诺数涡激振动模拟的基础上,开展了基于时均湍流模型[12]和二维流动[13]的高雷诺数下涡激振动模拟与分析[14-15]。数值方法也被用于自由涡激振动的三维流场模拟,例如采用DES方法[16]对单自由度及双自由度的圆柱涡激振动进行了模拟,圆柱涡激振动下涡旋脱落从二维到三维的过渡特性的可视化研究[17],以及进一步对不同流场速度条件下的圆柱振动响应特征进行了分析[18]
上述研究中,无论实验或数值模拟方法,均采用了固定位置的坐标系进行观测,与实际工程中布设于结构上的传感器测量方式有所不同,不利于进行流场时均特征的计算,也难以使用基于测点时程数据的人工智能方法[19-20]进行流固耦合分析。另外,变形网格计算方法在计算过程中需要实时更新网格节点位置,不仅增加了迭代网格位置的计算量,且难以保证计算过程中的网格质量。针对以上问题,本文采用基于平动参考系的无变形网格流固耦合求解方法,采用自由振动方法,对三维流场进行大涡模拟求解,实现亚临界雷诺数圆柱的涡激振动数值模拟,并对流场的时均特征与周期内的流场演化规律进行分析。
平动参考系跟随结构平动而不发生变形,相当于布设在结构上的传感器,会在发生涡激振动时跟随结构共同运动,可以在计算过程中采集流场测点数据用于大数据分析[22-23],且能够进行计算域的时均化统计。当求解平动的参考系方程时,流体微团的加速度要考虑运动参考系的影响,此时质量守恒方程和动量方程可分别表示为:
式中,表示绝对速度,为流体微团相对于平动参考系的速度,ρ为流体密度,为流体所受面力,为作用于流体的体力。对于牛顿流体,输运方程的有限体积法离散格式为:
式中,n为围成单元体面的个数,ϕf为通过面f待求解变量ϕ的通量;∇ϕf表示在面fϕ的梯度;Sϕ表示源项、V表示控制体的体积。本文的运动参考系下离散格式中,控制体表面质量通量的计算表达式为,即相对速度的质量通量,这是运动参考系下方程离散过程中与固定参考系的最大区别。
壁面为无滑移壁面边界条件,入口边界条件为速度入口,出口为压力出口边界条件,其余为对称边界条件,湍流模型均采用Wale-LES模型(模型参数c=0.325)。
流场的计算域如图1所示,为验证平动参考系方法的可行性,本文考虑弹性支撑的圆柱结构在横流向发生涡激振动。采用zFlower程序并参考文献[24]中网格划分方式,计算域的长度、宽度和高度(圆柱展向长度)分别取30D、20D和3D,其中D为圆柱直径,圆柱中心为坐标原点。在柱体近壁处采用结构化网格,在其他流场区域采用非结构化网格,并在尾流区域进行了加密,展向拉伸30层。
圆柱壁面采用固体壁面边界条件,入口及两侧边界的边界条件设置为速度入口,出口的边界条件设置为压力出口,其余为对称边界。流体介质为空气,其密度ρ为1.225 m/s,动力粘性系数µ为1.7895×10−5 Pa·s。时间步长dt为0.1 s,满足CFL条件的要求,并进行了时间步长无关性检验。
结构的动力特性设置见表1,其中折减速度U*=U/(fn×D),fn为圆柱的自振频率。圆柱结构与其所占体积内的流体质量比m*=4m/(πρD2L)=2.4。质量阻尼参数Sc=4π/(ρD2)=0.32,其中m为圆柱质量,L为圆柱长度,ζ为圆柱的阻尼比。
取折减速度U*=2、3、4、5、6、9、12、15分别开展初速度为零的涡激振动三维绕流模拟,对应的雷诺数为2300~14 378。下文对振幅最大值、位移时程、时均流场结果和瞬态流动演化进行分析。
流场中的圆柱表面会受到流场的压力作用,积分并无量纲化后得到的阻力系数CD、升力系数CL等。这些力对圆柱的动力响应极为重要,表2为不同折减速度下流体力的统计特性。
表中f*为升力系数的卓越频率(对应于涡脱频率的2倍),fviv为圆柱沿Y方向振动的卓越频率。结果表明,在低流速区(U*=2~4之间)时f*随流速的增加逐渐增大,在U*=5、6、9时其f*锁定在结构的固有频率0.014 Hz附近,在高流速区(U*=12、15)时f *随流速的增加而增大,体现了涡激振动中的锁频现象。锁频现象通常出现在特定的流速范围内,会产生周期性的力作用于结构体上,导致具有自激性质的涡激振动现象。同时,圆柱振动频率与升力系数频率在低流速和锁定流速(U*=2、3、4、5、6、9)时相等,此时表现为涡脱的强迫振动和具有自激性质的涡激振动;而当U*=12、15时,圆柱振动频率保持与结构的自振频率相近,表现为受流场作用而发生的随机振动。
振动幅值随无量纲流场速度的变化关系如图2所示,将与流动参数相似的实验以及模拟结果进行了比较,不同研究中的主要参数列于表3。对比结果表明,本文结果与Kang等[12]的模拟结果比较接近,同时也与Khalak等[6]的实验一致性较好,然而由于实验流场的Sc数小于本文的参数,导致其涡激振动的速度范围与本文有所不同。综合不同研究中的雷诺数、质量比、阻尼比差异和其他因素影响,本文所得到的振幅结果是合理的。
不同折减速度下圆柱的振动响应如图3所示,其中圆柱振动达到稳定阶段所需的时间随着流速的增加越来越短。发生涡激振动的算例U*=4、5、6、9的振幅远大于未振动的算例U*=2,U*=12。受流动模拟的计算收敛过程影响,算例U*=12中圆柱在初始阶段受到了较大的流场作用力,导致其初始阶段的非平稳过程中的振幅较大。
为进一步探索积分力与涡激振动的联系,将不同流速下振动稳定阶段的圆柱所受升力时程与无量纲振动位移时程进行同步显示,如图4所示。结果表明,在低流速情况时位移较小,而升力相对较大;在涡激振动的流速区间内,U*=4时升力与位移为同相位,而U*=5、6时升力与位移的相位为反相位,U*=9时虽然位移时程的振幅较大但升力中包含的频率明显复杂,当U*=12时两者无明显的关系。通过比较可以发现,自由振动模拟方法得到的升力、位移相位差与强迫振动方法的实验结果[26]有较大区别,自由振动模拟时仅在锁定区间的低速区会发生同相位情况,其余则均为反相位。
瞬时流场能够反映流动的时变特征,如图5所示,在各算例中选取典型的振动位移周期内的9个不同时刻(0、T/8、T/4、3T/8、T/2、5T/8、3T/4、7T/8、T)进行瞬时流动的演化特征分析。
首先将本文结果与流场PIV实验结果进行了比较,结果如图6所示。可以看到本文算例U*=6的瞬时流场与Govardhan等[8]在1988年及2000年所做实验的对比。在0时刻圆柱向上运动,上侧蓝涡(负)切入下侧红涡(正),并且红色涡分裂成两部分,与实验结果一致性高;T/4时刻圆柱位移达到最上侧,红涡被完全切断,此时蓝涡同样即将断裂成两段,与流场快照的结果相一致;T/2时刻圆柱向下运动,红涡与蓝涡相切,蓝涡破碎并断裂成两部分,实验结果也观察到了同样的现象;3T/4时刻圆柱达到位移最下侧,红涡向侧上方拉伸且暂未断裂,蓝涡与红涡相切,同样与实验现象相一致。总的来说,数值模拟得到了与实验中观测到2P涡脱模式(2个对涡)类似的结果。
在此基础上,对更多流速下的典型振动周期内流动特征进行了分析,包括平面内的涡量场和展向切片涡量场,分别示于图7图8
图7中,当U*=2时没有发生涡激振动,同时可以明显观察到,在一个运动周期内正、负涡交替各脱落一次,此时的涡脱模式为2S模式(2个单涡),同时可以发现由于此时流速较低,较低的雷诺数情况下存在较大尺度的涡结构;当U*=4和U*=6时,在一个振动周期中脱落了2对方向相反的涡,不同的是U*=4时脱落的对涡中的强弱差别较大,较弱的涡在向下游运动过程中迅速耗散,而U*=6算例中对涡的强度差别较弱,共同向下游运动;在U*=12算例中,由于没有发生涡激振动,所截取的流场快照时间间隔约为U*=2的1/2,其中的涡脱个数约为6个,与采用St数估算的结果相同。
图8为沿y=0平面的涡量视图。在低流速U*=2算例中,呈明显的周期红蓝交替涡量值,并随着时间的推移向下游方向移动;发生涡激振动的振幅大的算例U*=6其涡量则变得破碎,振幅最大的算例U*=4则更为破碎。各算例中瞬态涡量场均表现出明显的三维特性,因而对亚临界雷诺数涡激振动的三维流场模拟是有必要的。
由于本文采用了固定网格、平动参考系的模拟方法,因此各网格中心相对位置不变,能够对所得到的结果进行时均统计。对低、高流速下没有发生涡激振动的算例(U*=2和U*=12)和涡激振动的算例(U*=4和U*=6),进行了时均物理量的统计与可视化,结果如图9图10所示。其中图9为一阶统计量的时均云图,包括流向速度、横向速度和压力;图10为二阶统计量的时均云图,包括流向雷诺正应力、横向雷诺正应力、雷诺剪切应力和压力脉动。为了比较不同流速下振动的圆柱对流场的影响,对各云图的色带(color bar)的取值范围进行了无量纲变换,保证不同算例中相等的无量纲物理量值的颜色一致。
流向速度的时均云图结果中,由于圆柱对流动的阻挡,在圆柱的下游处形成了低流速区;发生涡激振动时,在U*=4时对下游的顺流速度场产生了更大范围的影响,而在U*=6时的影响则比小振幅时的影响范围更小(与低雷诺数圆柱涡激振动的结果[21]类似)。横向速度的时均结果中,横向的涡激振动引起了流场尾部处更大的横向速度。涡激振动也引起了时均压力分布的变化,小振幅情况下(U*=2和U*=12)圆柱表面附近的压力极值出现在上游范围内,而发生涡激振动的圆柱表面压力最小值均出现在下游表面,且影响范围与量值都要大很多。
图10中的二阶统计量结果表明,涡激振动时雷诺应力和压力脉动的分布与未发生涡激振动的情况具有较大差别:发生涡激振动的二阶统计量值的绝对值更大,且最大值都出现在圆柱表面附近,这些脉动值在激振过程和稳定振动过程中可能为振动提供了能量。
为了对上述时均值分布进行更加细致的比较,在流场中不同位置处布置了监测线,进行了无量纲化时均统计量的提取与比较,结果如图11所示。
图11(a)为尾流不同位置处的流向速度分布。由结果可知x=−0.5处各算例差别较小,在x=−0.25和0处,U*=4时圆柱对流场的干扰范围更大,这种影响一直持续到远场X=6等处。同时可以发现U*=6时对流向速度时均值的影响最小,这些结果都与云图的结论是一致的。
图11(b)为横向时均速度结果可以看到,圆柱对周围流场的影响同流向速度相似。图11(c)和(d)为尾流区不同位置处雷诺应力的分布,这些物理量的分布特征与静止圆柱结果[24]的分布形状类似,但是可以发现振动引起了圆柱附近更大的雷诺应力,特别是U*=4算例中的最大值更大。
图11(e)~(f)中心平面处的时均流向速度和雷诺应力可以发现,在未发生涡激振动时出现了时均速度为负的回流区,这与静止圆柱的亚临界雷诺数模拟结果[24]相近,而发生涡激振动时尾部的流向速度均为正值,与低雷诺数的圆柱涡激振动结论[21]类似,且同样发现U*=4时圆柱对流场顺流速度的干扰更大。中心平面处流向雷诺正应力极值的位置接近,其中振幅大的算例呈尖状且其峰值远大于振幅小的算例,且U*=4对远处的流场影响最大。
本文对亚临界雷诺数圆柱绕流问题进行了模拟,得到了不同折减速度下结构的响应,并对流动的瞬态和时均特征进行了分析,可得出以下结论:
(1)采用平动参考系的方法实现了亚临界雷诺数范围内圆柱的涡激振动模拟,得到了振幅随折减速度的关系,比较了振动周期内流场形态,结果与实验结果一致;
(2)在本算例的涡激振动锁定区间存在升力与振动同相位、反相位两种状态,同相位时升力被放大,反相位时升力幅值相对较小,在升力与振动同相位时2P涡脱模式中对涡的强弱差别更大;
(3)通过平动参考系统计的方法实现了涡激振动的时均流场计算,得到了圆柱壁面及尾流中各物理量的时均分布,结果表明升力与振动同相位时结构对流场干扰更明显,且壁面附近的流场雷诺应力更大。
基于平动参考系可以得到流致振动问题的时均物理量统计方法,与固定于结构上传感器的采集方式更接近(可进一步考虑流向振动的耦合),为实验与实测的数据分析提供参考。
  • 大连海事大学博联科研基金项目(3132023619)
  • 桥梁结构抗风技术交通行业重点实验室(上海)开放课题(KLWRTBMC21-02)
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2025年第29卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.007
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
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大连海事大学博联科研基金项目(3132023619)
桥梁结构抗风技术交通行业重点实验室(上海)开放课题(KLWRTBMC21-02)
作者信息
    1.大连海事大学 交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连 116026
    2.运通交通科技(大连)有限公司 智能流体研发中心,辽宁大连 116085

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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