Article(id=1243896551827944139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744992000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497648435, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1760889600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497648435, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497648435, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497648435, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896547704947617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='10', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497647453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501638614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1538, endPage=1548, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896552377397968, articleId=1243896551827944139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Investigation of internal wave wakes characteristics in a sphere based on multi-array acquisition method, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The generation of internal wave wakes by submerged objects in density-stratified environments is closely linked to the navigation speed. This study develops a technique of step-layer injection in a wide-scale density-stratified simulation tank and proposes a high-precision multi-array conductivity detection method. Experimental investigations on the excitation of internal wave wakes by an underwater sphere driven by cyclic towing were conducted. Using probability density statistics, root mean square analysis of wave amplitudes, and other analytical methods, this research delved into key issues such as spatiotemporal probability distribution density of Froude number correlated with internal wave, transition zone delineation, and vertical displacement field characteristics, etc. The findings demonstrate that the experimental system and techniques employed can accurately capture the fluctuation information within the stratified flow field and precisely determine the relationship between the characteristics of internal wave wakes and the Froude number. The probability distribution density of the internal-wave-correlated Froude number reveals the transition process of internal wave wakes and clearly identifies the transition zone as approximately 1.6 ⩽ Fr < 3.3. It is discerned that, after the transition, the dominant internal wave correlated Froude numbers within the wake wave system approximately fall within the ranges of [0.3, 0.4] and [2, 2.8] for the inner and outer layers, respectively. Additionally, Lee wave correlated velocity can still be detected in the outer layer region.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhe-chao YANG, Chang-hong ZHI, Yun-xiang YOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243896561399346039, articleId=1243896551827944139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=基于多线阵采集方法的圆球内波尾迹特性研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水下物体在密度分层环境中运动时产生的内波尾迹与其航行速度具有密切关联。本研究在宽域密度分层模拟水槽中建立了跃层注水技术,并提出了高精度、多线阵的电导率探测方法,开展了以循环拖曳方式驱动的水下圆球激发内波尾迹实验。基于概率密度统计、波幅根均方差等分析方法,深入探究了内波相关Froude数的时空概率分布密度、转捩区域划分及垂向位移场特性等关键问题。研究表明:该实验系统及技术能够精细地捕捉分层流场内部的波动信息,准确地获取内波尾迹特征随Froude数的变化关系;内波相关Froude数的概率分布密度揭示了内波尾迹的转捩过程,清晰给出了转捩区域约为1.6 ⩽ Fr < 3.3;辨明了在转捩结束后尾迹波系内外层区域的主导内波相关Froude数分别约在[0.3,0.4]和[2,2.8]的范围内,且在外层区域仍可测得Lee波相关速度。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
通讯作者,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=v5wHFoS9qnACYd88OBLssg==, magXml=egC7J1Gfe89Hp4p5t7Mxpw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=qrKkpUunOWfrMr8uZhMigA==, pdfFileSize=4875032, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=IVTADbm6tR1hpp0HB7CO0A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=j8snmOQRggians5aXAtQkQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨哲超(1996-),男,博士研究生

郅长红(1992-),女,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

, authorsList=杨哲超, 郅长红, 尤云祥)}, authors=[Author(id=1243896562217235335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243896562355647376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896562217235335, language=EN, stringName=Zhe-chao YANG, firstName=Zhe-chao, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1243896562561168277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896562217235335, language=CN, stringName=杨哲超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000, bio={"content":"

杨哲超(1996-),男,博士研究生

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨哲超(1996-),男,博士研究生

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243896561864913788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561873302397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561890079614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243896562099794817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562108183426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562116572035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000)])]), Author(id=1243896562699580314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhi_changhong@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243896562863158176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896562699580314, language=EN, stringName=Chang-hong ZHI, firstName=Chang-hong, middleName=null, lastName=ZHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1243896563051901860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896562699580314, language=CN, stringName=郅长红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240, bio={"content":"

郅长红(1992-),女,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郅长红(1992-),女,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243896561864913788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561873302397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561890079614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1243896563123205033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1243896563202896814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896563123205033, language=EN, stringName=Yun-xiang YOU, firstName=Yun-xiang, middleName=null, lastName=YOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1243896563316143029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, authorId=1243896563123205033, language=CN, stringName=尤云祥, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243896561864913788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561873302397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561890079614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243896562099794817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562108183426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562116572035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1243896563412612025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=towed body), Keyword(id=1243896563500692414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=internal wave wakes), Keyword(id=1243896563601355716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=internal wave correlated Froude number), Keyword(id=1243896563672658888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=probability density distribution), Keyword(id=1243896563743962064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=拖曳体), Keyword(id=1243896563840431061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=内波尾迹), Keyword(id=1243896563932705753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=内波相关Froude数), Keyword(id=1243896564020786143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=概率分布密度)], refs=[Reference(id=1243896566453481565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=121, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张军, 张效慈, 赵峰, journalName=船舶力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张军,张效慈,赵峰,. 源于水动力学的潜艇尾迹非声探测技术研究之进展[J]. 船舶力学2003, 4:121-128., articleTitle=源于水动力学的潜艇尾迹非声探测技术研究之进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896566545756256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=4, issue=null, pageStart=121, pageEnd=128, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Zhang J, Zhang X C, Zhao F, journalName=Journal of Ship Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang J, Zhang X C, Zhao F, et al. Progress of investigation on non-acoustic detection for submarine wake originated from naval hydrodynamics[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2003, 4:121-128. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Progress of investigation on non-acoustic detection for submarine wake originated from naval hydrodynamics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896566642225253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=高德宝, 张军, 周根水, journalName=船舶力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高德宝,张军,周根水,. 拖曳体内波尾迹水下/水面波流特征试验研究[J]. 船舶力学2023, 27:1-9., articleTitle=拖曳体内波尾迹水下/水面波流特征试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896566730305639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=27, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=Gao D B, Zhang J, Zhou G S, journalName=Journal of Ship Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao D B, Zhang J, Zhou G S, et al. Experimental study on characteristics of water surface flow and underwater flow for internal waves generated by a towed body in a stratified fluid[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2023, 27:1-9. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on characteristics of water surface flow and underwater flow for internal waves generated by a towed body in a stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896566830968940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=3353, pageEnd=3367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=Robey H F, journalName=Physics of Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Robey H F. The generation of internal waves by a towed sphere and its wake in a thermocline[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1997, 9:3353-3367., articleTitle=The generation of internal waves by a towed sphere and its wake in a thermocline, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896566906466416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=846, issue=null, pageStart=752, pageEnd=788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Meunier P, Le Dizès S, Redekopp L, journalName=J. Fluid Mech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meunier P, Le Dizès S, Redekopp L, et al. Internal waves generated by a stratified wake: Experiment and theory[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 2018, 846:752-788., articleTitle=Internal waves generated by a stratified wake: Experiment and theory, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567007129713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=252, pageEnd=264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=王进, 尤云祥, 胡天群, journalName=物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王进,尤云祥,胡天群,. 具有密度跃层分层流体中回转体激发内波特性实验[J]. 物理学报2012, 61:252-264., articleTitle=具有密度跃层分层流体中回转体激发内波特性实验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567086821493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=61, issue=null, pageStart=252, pageEnd=264, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=Wang J, You Y X, Hu T Q, journalName=Acta Phys. Sin., refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang J, You Y X, Hu T Q, et al. The characteristics of internal waves generated by a revolution body in a stratified fluid with a pycnocline[J]. Acta Phys. Sin., 2012, 61:252-264. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The characteristics of internal waves generated by a revolution body in a stratified fluid with a pycnocline, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567179096185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=255, pageEnd=261, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=Hopfinger E J, Flor J B, Chomaz J M, journalName=Exp Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hopfinger E J, Flor J B, Chomaz J M, et al. Internal waves generated by a moving sphere and its wake in a stratified fluid[J]. Exp Fluids, 1991, 11(4): 255-261., articleTitle=Internal waves generated by a moving sphere and its wake in a stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567279759486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=254, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Bonneton P, Chomaz J M, Hopfinger E J, journalName=J. Fluid Mech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bonneton P, Chomaz J M, Hopfinger E J. Internal waves produced by the turbulent wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 1993, 254:23-40., articleTitle=Internal waves produced by the turbulent wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567376228480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=1338, pageEnd=1347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=魏岗, 赵先奇, 苏晓冰, journalName=中国科学(G辑:物理学力学天文学), refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏岗,赵先奇,苏晓冰,. 分层流体中尾迹时间序列结构的实验研究[J]. 中国科学(G辑:物理学力学天文学)2009, 39:1338-1347., articleTitle=分层流体中尾迹时间序列结构的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567464308867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=1338, pageEnd=1347, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Wei G, Zhao X Q, Su X B, journalName=Chin Sci Bull, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wei G, Zhao X Q, Su X B, et al. Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 39:1338-1347. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567569166469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=62, issue=null, pageStart=2132, pageEnd=2148, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=王宏伟, 陈科, 尤云祥, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王宏伟,陈科,尤云祥,. 密度分层流体中不同潜深拖曳回转体激发内波特性实验[J]. 科学通报2017, 62:2132-2148., articleTitle=密度分层流体中不同潜深拖曳回转体激发内波特性实验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567686606984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=62, issue=null, pageStart=2132, pageEnd=2148, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Wang H W, Chen K, You Y X, journalName=Chin Sci Bull, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang H W, Chen K, You Y X, et al. Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2017, 62:2132-2148. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567766298763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=254, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=21, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=Chomaz, J M, Bonneton P, Hopfinger E J, journalName=J. Fluid Mech, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chomaz, J M, Bonneton P, Hopfinger E J. The structure of the near wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 1993, 254:1-21., articleTitle=The structure of the near wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567854379151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=16, issue=null, pageStart=298, pageEnd=305, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=Meunier P, Spedding G R, journalName=Physics of Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Meunier P, Spedding G R. A loss of memory in stratified momentum wakes[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2004, 16:298-305., articleTitle=A loss of memory in stratified momentum wakes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896567963431057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=16, authorNames=李宇航, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李宇航. 水下航行体内波尾迹形成机理及其水面响应特性研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学,2022., articleTitle=水下航行体内波尾迹形成机理及其水面响应特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896568055705749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=Li Y H, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Li Y H. Research on the formation mechanism and the surface signature characteristics of the internal wave generated by a submerged body[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on the formation mechanism and the surface signature characteristics of the internal wave generated by a submerged body, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896568135397527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=姚志崇, 马向能, 赵峰, journalName=船舶力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚志崇,马向能,赵峰,. 内波的相似律及其实验室量化模拟关系[J]. 船舶力学2021, 25:1-8., articleTitle=内波的相似律及其实验室量化模拟关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896568227672217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=25, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=Yao Z C, Ma X N, Zhao F, journalName=Journal of Ship Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yao Z C, Ma X N, Zhao F, et al. Similarity law of internal waves and its quantified relation of experimental simulation[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2021, 25:1-8. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Similarity law of internal waves and its quantified relation of experimental simulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896568324141212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Silverman B W, journalName=Density estimation for statistics and data analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Silverman B W. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1998., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243896566214406226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, awardId=24X010500111, language=CN, fundingSource=上海交通大学“新进青年教师启动计划”(24X010500111), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1243896566348623960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, awardId=2021M702127, language=CN, fundingSource=中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702127), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243896561864913788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561873302397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896561890079614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896561864913788, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240)]), AuthorCompany(id=1243896562099794817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562108183426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1243896562116572035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, companyId=1243896562099794817, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1243896564201141229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the step-layer injection system for density stratification experiment, figureFileSmall=kYtxXAmDsQ5o/IG57fMyFg==, figureFileBig=IVTADbm6tR1hpp0HB7CO0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564289221617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图1, caption=跃层注水密度分层系统示意图, figureFileSmall=kYtxXAmDsQ5o/IG57fMyFg==, figureFileBig=IVTADbm6tR1hpp0HB7CO0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564503131131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Vertical distribution of density and buoyancy frequency, figureFileSmall=38T0jS1THWnW5tmSSYNq+g==, figureFileBig=qpDo5igYOBkWuckh6ZPRDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564591211521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图2, caption=密度及浮频率垂向分布图, figureFileSmall=38T0jS1THWnW5tmSSYNq+g==, figureFileBig=qpDo5igYOBkWuckh6ZPRDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564675096583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of DT-20 conductivity tester and platinum electrode conductivity probe, figureFileSmall=l5OFi9gAAQniWRmEjRKSkw==, figureFileBig=ezSG06CGImz9aVvSwg3lGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564750594057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图3, caption=DT−20电导率测试仪及铂片电极电导率探头示意图, figureFileSmall=l5OFi9gAAQniWRmEjRKSkw==, figureFileBig=ezSG06CGImz9aVvSwg3lGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564817702925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Layout of the conductivity probe array, figureFileSmall=c6YjDXDRpt7H+l94QnSrYg==, figureFileBig=f3MKXVkMEsHlIlpwtLoIWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564897394708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图4, caption=电导率探头线阵布置方案示意图, figureFileSmall=c6YjDXDRpt7H+l94QnSrYg==, figureFileBig=f3MKXVkMEsHlIlpwtLoIWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896564956114967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Time history of wave heights for the first and tenth rows of probe array at different Froude numbers, figureFileSmall=cEM6Tr68wMaLNqaJI4/A9g==, figureFileBig=gV2guu1UXgKW3FyrBGmKkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565065166876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图5, caption=第一排和第十排线阵的波高时历图, figureFileSmall=cEM6Tr68wMaLNqaJI4/A9g==, figureFileBig=gV2guu1UXgKW3FyrBGmKkA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565149052960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Time history of wave motion at the position of yp=0.5 m for the first and fifth rows of probe array, figureFileSmall=8LwZ8vvCjQ7lkvPhY9He1w==, figureFileBig=afNSPos1JcuD/D4CcRUUOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565249716260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图6, caption=yp=0.5 m位置处第一排和第五排线阵的时历波动曲线, figureFileSmall=8LwZ8vvCjQ7lkvPhY9He1w==, figureFileBig=afNSPos1JcuD/D4CcRUUOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565337796652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Probability density distribution of the internal wave correlated Froude number before and in transition, figureFileSmall=JVyMK6RknBMBvNWwpaWDXg==, figureFileBig=IZAteE52mnCtJj74XKUAZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565425877038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图7, caption=转捩前及转捩区域内波相关Froude数概率分布密度图, figureFileSmall=JVyMK6RknBMBvNWwpaWDXg==, figureFileBig=IZAteE52mnCtJj74XKUAZQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565497180208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Probability density distribution of the internal wave correlated Froude number after the transition, figureFileSmall=ZrzpKjCVYP3+FKX2bGmS3A==, figureFileBig=yQVTO9tG2+7jgr7slYHApw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565581066291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图8, caption=转捩后内波相关Froude数概率分布密度图, figureFileSmall=ZrzpKjCVYP3+FKX2bGmS3A==, figureFileBig=yQVTO9tG2+7jgr7slYHApw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565656563768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Time history of wave heights for the first row of probe array, figureFileSmall=gddWL9un7KWMJbrWiHS0jQ==, figureFileBig=n/XJKdp+LLb1k4kUvLu7cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565732061245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图9, caption=第一排线阵的波高时历图, figureFileSmall=gddWL9un7KWMJbrWiHS0jQ==, figureFileBig=n/XJKdp+LLb1k4kUvLu7cA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565807558721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variation of averaged dimensionless root mean square with Froude number, figureFileSmall=3jX5fVdITJhQKyXQLoCa7w==, figureFileBig=xvJCV2x6hgjw4dtdYG/wng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896565916610630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图10, caption=无量纲根均方差均值Sm/DFr的变化关系图, figureFileSmall=3jX5fVdITJhQKyXQLoCa7w==, figureFileBig=xvJCV2x6hgjw4dtdYG/wng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896566008885322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Root mean square of internal wave amplitudes, figureFileSmall=DFiRd1DMVAj+gobrxhY29Q==, figureFileBig=L/ISSLtlNzk/eSAy1ATUKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896566096965707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896551827944139, language=CN, label=图11, caption=内波幅值的根均方差图, figureFileSmall=DFiRd1DMVAj+gobrxhY29Q==, figureFileBig=L/ISSLtlNzk/eSAy1ATUKw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1240685663704625163, delFlag=0, nameCn=船舶力学, nameEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1007-7294, eissn=null, cn=32-1468/U, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1773732113054, updatedTime=1773732336269, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=J, firstLetterEn=J, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, picEn=Ve/8A/FRYceS/z8o7GCJ5g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1240686600003318325, language=CN, name=船舶力学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773732336283, updatedTime=1773732336283, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1240686600041067062, language=EN, name=Journal of Ship Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1773732336292, updatedTime=1773732336292, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/EditorD3N/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1240685776644648972, websiteList=[Website(id=1240686760611607145, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240685776644648972, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1773732374576, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773732394922, updateBy=18614031015, name=船舶力学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=船舶力学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240687166741869216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773732471404, updateTime=1773732471404, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166725091997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773732471400, updateTime=1773732471400, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166758646435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471408, updateTime=1773732471408, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166716703388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/file/pic?fileId=/ZVjg3ao2vf5wYxw5Kn1Uw==, createTime=1773732471398, updateTime=1773732471398, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166771229349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471411, updateTime=1773732471411, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166737674911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1773732471403, updateTime=1773732471403, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166767035044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732471410, updateTime=1773732471410, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166729286302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1773732471401, updateTime=1773732471401, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166750257825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773732471406, updateTime=1773732471406, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687166754452130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760611607145, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773732471407, updateTime=1773732471407, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1240686760674521707, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1240685776644648972, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1773732374590, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1773732413338, updateBy=18614031015, name=船舶力学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Ship Mechanics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1240687194269078438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1773732477967, updateTime=1773732477967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194248106915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1773732477962, updateTime=1773732477962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194285855657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477971, updateTime=1773732477971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194239718306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/file/pic?fileId=/ZVjg3ao2vf5wYxw5Kn1Uw==, createTime=1773732477960, updateTime=1773732477960, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194302632875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477975, updateTime=1773732477975, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194260689829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1773732477965, updateTime=1773732477965, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194294244266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1773732477973, updateTime=1773732477973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194256495524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1773732477964, updateTime=1773732477964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194277467047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1773732477969, updateTime=1773732477969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1240687194281661352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1240686760674521707, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1773732477970, updateTime=1773732477970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=船舶力学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://cblx.cbpt.cnki.net/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Ship Mechanics, journalPhotoCn=8VABIsgSw5I4HF/4goaIlA==, journalPhotoEn=Ve/8A/FRYceS/z8o7GCJ5g==, journalFirstLetter=J, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于多线阵采集方法的圆球内波尾迹特性研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
杨哲超 1, 2 , 郅长红 1 , 尤云祥 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(10): 1538-1548
收起
收藏切换
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(10): 1538-1548
基于多线阵采集方法的圆球内波尾迹特性研究
全屏
杨哲超1, 2, 郅长红1 , 尤云祥1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000
  • 杨哲超(1996-),男,博士研究生

    郅长红(1992-),女,助理研究员,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Investigation of internal wave wakes characteristics in a sphere based on multi-array acquisition method
Zhe-chao YANG1, 2, Chang-hong ZHI1 , Yun-xiang YOU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2.Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004
文章导航
收藏切换

水下物体在密度分层环境中运动时产生的内波尾迹与其航行速度具有密切关联。本研究在宽域密度分层模拟水槽中建立了跃层注水技术,并提出了高精度、多线阵的电导率探测方法,开展了以循环拖曳方式驱动的水下圆球激发内波尾迹实验。基于概率密度统计、波幅根均方差等分析方法,深入探究了内波相关Froude数的时空概率分布密度、转捩区域划分及垂向位移场特性等关键问题。研究表明:该实验系统及技术能够精细地捕捉分层流场内部的波动信息,准确地获取内波尾迹特征随Froude数的变化关系;内波相关Froude数的概率分布密度揭示了内波尾迹的转捩过程,清晰给出了转捩区域约为1.6 ⩽ Fr < 3.3;辨明了在转捩结束后尾迹波系内外层区域的主导内波相关Froude数分别约在[0.3,0.4]和[2,2.8]的范围内,且在外层区域仍可测得Lee波相关速度。

拖曳体  /  内波尾迹  /  内波相关Froude数  /  概率分布密度

The generation of internal wave wakes by submerged objects in density-stratified environments is closely linked to the navigation speed. This study develops a technique of step-layer injection in a wide-scale density-stratified simulation tank and proposes a high-precision multi-array conductivity detection method. Experimental investigations on the excitation of internal wave wakes by an underwater sphere driven by cyclic towing were conducted. Using probability density statistics, root mean square analysis of wave amplitudes, and other analytical methods, this research delved into key issues such as spatiotemporal probability distribution density of Froude number correlated with internal wave, transition zone delineation, and vertical displacement field characteristics, etc. The findings demonstrate that the experimental system and techniques employed can accurately capture the fluctuation information within the stratified flow field and precisely determine the relationship between the characteristics of internal wave wakes and the Froude number. The probability distribution density of the internal-wave-correlated Froude number reveals the transition process of internal wave wakes and clearly identifies the transition zone as approximately 1.6 ⩽ Fr < 3.3. It is discerned that, after the transition, the dominant internal wave correlated Froude numbers within the wake wave system approximately fall within the ranges of [0.3, 0.4] and [2, 2.8] for the inner and outer layers, respectively. Additionally, Lee wave correlated velocity can still be detected in the outer layer region.

towed body  /  internal wave wakes  /  internal wave correlated Froude number  /  probability density distribution
杨哲超, 郅长红, 尤云祥. 基于多线阵采集方法的圆球内波尾迹特性研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1538 -1548 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004
Zhe-chao YANG, Chang-hong ZHI, Yun-xiang YOU. Investigation of internal wave wakes characteristics in a sphere based on multi-array acquisition method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1538 -1548 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004
潜航体在密度分层流体中运动会激发内波尾迹,后者的形态特征与潜航体的水动力学隐身性能密切相关。自18世纪以来,国内外针对此课题开展了大量研究,其中基于分层水槽的实验方法,因对尾迹演化过程的直观可视性和对相关特征参数定量测量结果的可靠性,使其对内波尾迹物理过程的机理研究以及数值、理论计算方法的校验具有不可或缺的价值和意义[1]
现有的研究结果表明,水下运动物体的内波尾迹按照激发源的不同可分为两类:一类是由物体自身及其附着的回流区域因体积排水效应产生的水动力学尾迹,称为体积效应内波,又称Lee波;而由于近尾迹中的各种不稳定结构、尾迹塌陷以及晚尾迹中的饼涡激励生成的另一类水动力学尾迹,统称为尾迹效应内波。Lee波由经典的V字形横波系和散波系组成,伴随水下物体一起运动[2]。Robey[3]在拖曳圆球实验中认为内波尾迹存在一个临界Froude数FrcFrc ≈ 2),当Fr < Frc时,体积效应内波为主控内波(Fr=U/NmDU表示圆球运动速度,D表示直径,Nm为分层流场浮频率最大值),并存在一个峰值Froude数(Frp ≈ 0.8);Fr > Frc时,尾迹主要表现为尾迹效应内波的特性。Meunier等[4]采用粒子图像测速方法得到了包括圆球在内的钝体激发内波的速度场,他们同样认为在Frc ≈ 2前后圆球激发的Lee波随Froude数表现出不同的变化关系,而尾迹内波是由圆球后的水平卡门涡街引起的,其传播速度远低于Lee波的传播速度。王进等[5]通过系统的实验研究发现FrcFrp和Lee波峰值与水下运动的回转体长径比密切相关,并给出了FrcFrp的与长径比关系的经验公式。对于长径比为1的圆球而言,Frc ≈ 2,Frp ≈ 0.8。Hopfinger等[6]采用荧光染色法开展的圆球内波尾迹示踪实验发现转捩发生在Frc ≈ 2附近,并通过线性理论模型很好地模拟了Lee波的形态及幅值。随后,Bonneton等[7]同样在圆球内波尾迹的荧光染色实验中得出在Fr < 2.25之前,Lee波振幅与Fr成反比的结论。Chomaz等[10]在圆球内波实验中利用纹影法、粒子条纹照片以及激光诱导荧光三种显示技术发现,从Lee波到尾迹效应内波主控的过渡过程并非是跃变的,而是存在一个转捩区域,约为0.75 < Fr < 2.25。
综上而言,目前有关水下运动物体激发内波特性的实验研究,对转捩区的定义及其前后的特征描述尚有不明确之处。对于具有较强随机性的尾迹效应内波尚未提出合适的分析方法,基于样本数量较少的单次实验数据所得的相关结论,不具备较好的可重复性。再者,现有文献中的实验水槽尺度较小,反射效应干扰较大,且探测设备测量精度较低,使得结果存在一定的误差。有鉴于此,本文发展了一种高精度的多线阵电导率探测方法,依托上海交通大学宽域温盐分层模拟水槽,利用跃层注水法模拟海洋分层环境,采用循环拖曳方式驱动水下球体在密度分层流体中激发产生内波尾迹,采集获取了大量时历实验数据。本文在传统波要素分析方法基础上,结合统计学方法明确内波尾迹的时空统计特性,以研究内波尾迹在不同Froude数下的主要成分信息及表现特征。
密度分层环境的实现是内波实验的基础,分层质量对实验结果具有直接影响。现国内外通常采用底部注水法制备分层流场[7-811],但因上层预置淡水的重力作用,该方法在大尺度水槽的应用中可能影响预期分层密度剖面的实现,且随着注入量的增大,注水口会逐渐远离跃层,通过调节流速大小控制跃层厚度的时间窗口有限,因而可实现的流场分层类型受限;由于分层质量高度依赖注水时间,故其分层效率也较低。本文设计并提出的跃层注水式密度分层系统能够有效地解决上述弊端,该实验系统以长6 m、宽6 m、深1.2 m的四壁装有消波装置的大型钢架结构玻璃水池为主体,配以1个3.0 m3的淡水箱,1个5.0 m3的盐水搅拌池以及3个储水箱,上方加以升降式蘑菇型水平注水口方阵而组成,如图1所示。与底部注水法不同,该系统先于水槽中加入搅拌池配置的特定密度盐水,而后通过可控流量的蘑菇型水平注水口方阵于盐水自由面处均匀注入淡水。在注水过程中,能够将连接注水口阵列的升降架缓慢抬升,直至达到预定水位。通过对注水流量和升降速度的精密控制实现跃层厚度的调节,能够高效制备多种类型的密度分层流场,对于浮频率为2 rad/s、厚度约为0.1 m的跃层其所需注水制备时间约为3小时。
浮频率分布是分层流场密度变化强弱的重要指标,对内波尾迹的形态和幅值具有显著的影响。随着季节的变迁、温度和光照条件的不同,海洋分层环境的最大浮频率值约在0.02~0.04 rad/s之间波动,而最大浮频率所在深度主要分布在50~200 m范围内[12]。一般来说,海洋浮频率最大值的所在深度可视为海洋跃层位置。依据密度的垂向分布情况可知,海洋密跃层所在位置约为总水深的20%。以海洋常见分层状态设计实验条件分层流场,密度及浮频率垂向分布如图2所示。水深z最大值为1 m,水面往下约0.15 m处密度由998 kg/m3缓慢过渡至1025 kg/m3,过渡层厚度约为0.1 m,计算得到最大浮频率Nm位于水下0.2 m处,其值约为2.4 rad/s。为保证每次实验具有稳定、相同的密度分层环境,在浮频率分布改变后回收盐水至储水箱进行重新分层,实验背景流场的单次制备时长约为6小时。
实验室拖曳条件下的雷诺数范围约为2×103~5×104Re=UD/ν,其中ν为流体运动粘性系数),能够达到尾迹的完全湍流状态。因此,在进行内波尾迹实验研究时,首先遵循的原则是确保Froude数的相似性[13]。以0.03 rad/s为某海域分层背景的一般最大浮频率,考虑直径为10 m的水下航行体,其航速范围内的Froude数约为0~30。在实验室条件有限的拖曳速度范围内,较小的流场最大浮频率和拖曳模型的特征直径能够使得Froude数更接近海洋中的航行体情况。因此,本研究实验模型选用直径D=5 cm的圆球模型。圆球模型连接水槽两端装配的一对拖曳支架通过双线拖曳法由伺服电机驱动,拖曳支架含有垂直于拖曳方向的两自由度导轨,能够调节实验模型至设计深度。考虑到跃层附近是水下航行体活动频繁的航行深度,且随着潜深增加至声道轴以下,水下航行体基本具备躲避水下探测声纳、岸站声呐或飞机吊放声纳等传统声学探测手段的声隐身性能。此时,探究与水动力学隐身特性密切相关的内波尾迹具有重要研究意义。又因潜深对内波的影响主要为波幅的整体增大或减小,而对尾迹波形结构几乎无影响[9]。因此本实验将圆球模型固定置于最大浮频率所在深度下方z=0.26 m处,探究Froude数对内波尾迹的影响。在拖曳系统的安全速度范围内,为覆盖引言中所提及的圆球Lee波峰值Froude数和转捩点Froude数,且基本满足实际海洋中水下航行体巡航速度下的Froude相似需要,本研究设计的拖曳Froude数范围约为0.4~8.3。
拖曳圆球激发的内波信号根据电导率和密度的线性拟合关系进行间接测量。电导率信号通过本课题组最新自主研发的多通道DT−20电导率采集仪获取,其结构示意图如图3(a)所示。该仪器采样位数为24位,电导率测量误差约为±2%,具有体积小、多通道、无线化、同步精度高等特点,可实现10~125 Hz的可调采样频率,远大于实验环境下物体生成内波的最大特征频率(Nm/2π ≈ 0.38 Hz)。连接如图3(b)所示的由两个尺寸为5 mm×5 mm的铂片电极制作而成的高精度电导率探头,即可进行大型密度分层流场环境下的多通道电导率实时采集。结合便携式可移动探头固定架,实现大范围、高密度、多形式的探头阵列布置。本研究通过无线方式同步并行使用了十台DT−20电导率测试仪,同步精度优于10 μs。总计调用300根电导率探头,在最大浮频率深度且圆球尾迹传播至稳定处布置间距为0.1 m、宽度为3.8 m的10排线阵进行测量,如图4(a)、(b)所示。图中示意的参考坐标系z轴表示深度,竖直向下,x轴指向圆球拖曳反方向,y轴指向运动方向右侧。
尽管实验所使用的探头极片尺寸相对于内波的特征波长是极小的,但多排电导率探头阵列之间的相互干扰是否影响测量结果精度仍然是个值得关注的问题。图5给出了四组拖曳Froude数下第一排和第十排线阵捕捉到的内波时历波高图,实验结果清晰地呈现了各模态内波的纹理细节。图中可见,在相同Froude数下,第十排的波形出现时间相对于第一排有明显的滞后现象。随着拖曳Froude数的增大,滞后时间也逐渐减小。首波为随物体运动的Lee波,因此滞后时间与拖曳Froude数和两排阵列的间距相关。转捩前的Froude数下的各排线阵时历波形如图5(a)~(d)所示。图中不论是反映波相位的尾迹波形,还是反映内波幅值的颜色强度,第一排和第十排几乎相同。转捩后,如图5(e)~(h)所示的内波尾迹主导幅值仍然相近,但波形上存在细微的差异。这种差异主要集中在y < 1 m的区间范围内,这是由于该范围内包含了随机性较强的尾迹效应内波,其波形角较小。相对于随拖曳体高速航行的Lee波,在t > 50 s后时历波高的滞后显著。
第一排和第五排线阵在yp=0.5 m位置的探头采集数据如图6所示。为更清晰地对比两排探头数据结果间的一致性,在绘制内波时历波动曲线时,将第一排和第五排的时历波动曲线的时间相位差消除。图6(a)和(b)Froude数分别为0.4和0.8,图中可以看到,消除了内波传播导致的时间差∆t后,两排探头的时历数据在对内波尾迹的捕捉结果上几近一致。表明转捩前以Lee波为主控内波的尾迹波系,其各线阵采集结果具有可重复性,多线阵的采集方案对尾迹几乎无干扰。图6(c)、(d)分别为Froude数为4.2和8.3时的内波时历波动曲线,此时在消除相位差时优先满足首波相位差为0。图中可以看到,在t=25 s即Nt=60之前,两排采集结果几乎重合。而在此之后,尾迹波动在相位上具有较大的差异。这是由于此时尾迹效应内波已经形成并占据主导,并且其相关速度远小于Nt < 60时主控的Lee波速度,这也导致两排尾迹波的Lee波相位差为0后,第五排相对于第一排的对应峰谷值仍然存在较大的时间滞后。这种现象是由于不同波系的内波相关速度导致的,这将在下一节进行详细地分析。而图中可以看到Nt > 60时内波的幅值和波形仍然相近,些微的误差可能与随机内波传播过程中的非定常特性有关。
综上分析可知,探头阵列间存在的干扰不影响水下运动圆球激发内波尾迹的采集结果。前后排线阵测得数据在不同的空间位置和时刻具有相近的数值和特性,表明了实验测量结果的可重复性,该实验测量方案中各线阵布置的电导率采集仪能有效捕捉分层流场的内部波动信息。
图6(c)、(d)可知,在转捩后,两种内波尾迹成分表现出了不同的相位时间差。定义y坐标相同的两个监测点间距为∆x,其测得的两条时历波动曲线的相关性在特定的相位时间差∆t时具有最大相关系数,此时即可得到水下运动物体生成尾迹的主导波系的内波相关速度Uiw=∆x/∆t。内波相关速度为水下运动物体内波尾迹主导波群在物体前进方向的速度分量,表明了尾迹波激发后的传播特性,与内波尾迹的转捩特性密切相关。由内波相关速度可得到内波相关Froude数Friw,由于不同激发源的两类尾迹的内波相关Froude数具有明显差异,很多学者针对该问题开展了研究。然而现有文献所分析的相关Froude数均是基于少数相同y坐标、不同x坐标的两个监测点计算得出,使得对于转捩后的尾迹效应内波相关Froude数计算结果具有较大的差异。如王宏伟[9]在圆球拖曳实验中计算了中纵剖面两侧共四对探头的内波相关Froude数,结果在0.5~1.2的条带范围内离散分布。而Robey[3]依据在y=40 cm不同x坐标处纵向布置的4个采集点,计算得到圆球内波相关Froude数均值约等于0.78。事实上,上述实验结果仅在以定常的Lee波为主控内波的Froude数范围内具有较高的精度。而尾迹效应内波在传播过程不同空间位置的内波相关速度是变化的,具有一定的时空随机性,有限的定点测量数据无法准确获取其相关Froude数特性。本文在3.8 m×0.9 m的多排线阵测量区域范围内,可利用所有y值相同的两个监测点计算获取多个空间位置的内波相关速度。基于此,结合核平滑方法可估计内波相关Froude数的总体概率密度fp。特定空间区域内对应位置探头的内波相关Froude数为Friw,1Friw,2,……Friw,Q,其中Q为数据样本总量,则可得到内波相关Froude数的概率密度估计值[14]
式中,K为核函数,应满足归一化和对称性,以确保能够得到均值与样本均值相等的概率密度函数。本文采用如下高斯型核函数:
式中,h为最优带宽,可通过标准差σ估算:
各拖曳Froude数下不同空间区域的内波相关Froude数概率分布密度如图7所示。由于图5(e)~(h)显示在t < 50 s时尾迹效应内波主要集中在较窄的y坐标范围内,且外缘区域仍可见Lee波的波形,因此将探头阵列分为内层y=[−0.4 m,0.4 m]和外层即其余区域。尽管内外两个区域中均包含Lee波和尾迹效应波成分,它们在任意空间位置上是交错的,但由于不同区域的主导成分不同,故而分成两个区域计算内波相关速度的概率分布密度,能够更有效、准确地统计两类内波的传播特性。内、外层区域的内波相关Froude数概率分布密度分别用实线和虚线表示,红色点线标出了圆球的拖曳Froude数。图7(a)、(b)为转捩前的内波相关Froude数概率分布密度,图中虚线和实线峰值对应的内波相关Froude数均与圆球拖曳Froude数接近。二者数值上的略微偏差是由拖曳速度与电机转速的标定误差和尾迹效应内波的作用影响等原因引起。集中的概率分布密度说明了此时Lee波为尾迹中的主控波系,跟随拖曳物体一起运动。随着拖曳Froude数增大至1.6,在图7(c)中内外层概率分布密度曲线转变为双峰形式。在低于拖曳Froude数的位置出现了较小的峰值,特别是实线表示的内层区域在低内波相关Froude数处有明显的峰值。这表明小于拖曳Froude数的尾迹效应内波相关Froude数开始在概率密度图中出现,并在部分空间位置成为主导波系,此时可视为进入转捩区域。概率密度分布也不再高度集中于峰值Froude数附近,内波相关Froude数呈现一定的随机性。在图7(d)中,内层区域的相关Froude数概率密度峰值开始转移至0.4处。但由于Lee波仍然具有相当的幅值和相近的相关Froude数,使得概率密度具有较大的分布区域。而外层区域与图7(c)具有一定的共性,仍然是Lee波相关Froude数更多地被检测到。此时尾迹效应内波能量依旧较弱,对外层区域影响较小。概率分布密度的变化过程清晰地表明了内波尾迹从Lee波主控到尾迹效应内波主控的转捩并非是跃变的。在Fr=2.4时,Lee波和尾迹效应内波的概率密度具有相近的值,通过拖曳Froude数相对转捩Froude数的大小来定义尾迹的主控波系是不精确的。
随着拖曳Froude数进一步增大至如图8(a)所示的Fr=3.3时,红线对应位置附近的Lee波相关Froude数在内层和外层区域均仅有较小的峰值。此时可以认为转捩结束,内波尾迹开始进入尾迹效应内波主导的Froude数区域。由Lee波主导到尾迹效应内波主导的转捩过程,能够通过内层或外层的概率分布密度曲线是否存在两个峰值、且尾迹效应内波对应的相关Froude数的概率分布密度是否大于Lee波来进行更精准的划分。值得注意的是,在外层区域概率分布密度范围较大,内波相关Froude数除Lee波相关Froude数外还呈现了一个不同于内层的峰值,约为2.5。这是由于尾迹效应内波成分较为复杂,除大尺度涡结构激发的主导内波外,湍流脉动及尾流中的不稳定结构等亦会产生内波,不同尾迹激发源生成的内波传播特性有所不同。已往文献研究结果[39]也表明转捩后的内波相关Froude数波动范围较大。然而通过区域划分和概率密度统计的方式将内波波系分离,不仅使得大尺度涡结构激发的尾迹效应内波相关Froude数具有更准确的数值,亦得到了尾迹中次要主导成分。在Fr > 3.3后,如图8(b)~(f)所示,内波相关Froude数的概率分布密度保持了相同的特征规律。在内层区域均只能测到值在0.3~0.4之间的尾迹效应内波相关Froude数,Lee波在该区域几乎无法测得,完全失去主控内波地位。而在外层区域可测得一个值约在2~2.8之间的尾迹效应内波相关Froude数,同时仍然能够在一定探头组合情况下测得Lee波的相关Froude数,使得在拖曳Froude数对应位置处仍有一个概率密度峰值。
由于十排线阵结果具有一致性,以第一排线阵数据绘制拖曳圆球在不同Froude数下的内波尾迹波高时历图,如图9所示。结合图5的第一排数据,可以发现在Froude数较小时的波高图中,可以明显地观察到尾迹中包含多个波系,其中外层只有散波,内层既有横波也有散波。内波尾迹理论模型将多解的内波色散关系定义为不同模态,求解可得各模态的临界Froude数Frd=cp(0)/NmDcp(0)表示临界相速度[12]。临界Froude数与尾迹波系的散波和横波特征相关,对于该实验分层流场条件计算可得Frd,1 ≈ 1.64,Frd,2 ≈ 0.37,Frd,3 ≈ 0.21,其中下标表示模态数。图5(a)中拖曳Froude数Fr=0.4介于第一模态和第二模态临界相Froude数之间(Frd,2 < Fr < Frd,1),此时外层为第二模态内波,内层为第一模态的内波,因此表现出两种不同的波系形态。图5(c)中的Froude数提升到0.8,在该Froude数条件下,更高阶模态的内波已几乎不可见,图中仅可看见第一模态波系的横波和散波,相较图5(a)此时波幅值和波形角更大。当Froude数进一步增大,开始大于Frd,1时,理论上Lee波中只能看见低模态的散波,如图9(a)t < 50 s且y < −1 m或y > 1 m处所示。但随后内波波高时历图中出现了半波角较小且形态特征明显的内波波系,该波系即为尾迹效应内波。在转捩区域,尾迹效应内波外侧仍能够清晰看见幅值相当的Lee波。而在转捩区域后,波高图9(c)~(f)图5(e)、(g)中楔形区域内(如图9(c)红色区域)的尾迹效应内波包含外缘的散波和后程激发的横波。随着拖曳Froude数的增大,波幅值逐渐显著,但时空形态的主要特征几乎不变。
目前,关于水下运动物体诱生内波的幅值特性研究方法主要为文献[358]中所采用的峰值分析法,但该方法通过选取中纵剖面位置处的内波峰谷值作为特征波幅具有诸多局限性,如不同探头布置方案和拖曳速度的设定下,内波峰谷值的出现时刻具有一定的不确定性,且运动物体两侧的内波尾迹并不完全对称,中纵剖面处的内波幅值特性难以反映波系整体的时空变化特征及规律。本文采用的波幅根均方差分析法能够很好地解决该问题。记(x0y0z0)位置处的探头以tc为采样时间间隔,在首次检测到内波尾迹信号后共采集了P个波高数据样本,其中第p个数据记为ηp,则该位置监测点的内波幅值的时历根均方差S定义如下:
式中,为采样时间内的波高平均值。内波幅值的根均方差反映了波高相对于时历均值的偏离情况。对每排线阵范围内全部探头所测得的波高根均方差值S做平均,记作Sm图10绘制了无量纲根均方差均值Sm/D随拖曳Froude数的变化规律,图中还标注了各排线阵结果的标准差。图中可见,Sm/DFr < 2时先增大至波峰值后减小,Lee波的峰值Froude数Frp ≈ 0.8,与Robey[3]和王进[5]所得Frp ≈ 0.7 ~ 0.8接近。在实验拖曳Froude数大于1.6后,内波尾迹开始进入转捩区,转捩起始点位于Froude数1.6~2.4之间,与文献[359]分别给出的Frc ≈ 2、Frc ≈ 1.99和Frc ≈ 1.94等转捩点结果接近。但转捩起始点后的一定范围内,尾迹效应内波并未占据主导,无量纲根均方差均值具有较为稳定的最小值。转捩区域的结束发生在Froude数大于3.3处,此时Sm/DFr的增大近似线性增大,斜率为0.0024的线性拟合曲线如图中红色点线所示。由于尾迹效应内波的非定常特性,导致Sm/D偏离均值的误差也随之增大。
内层区域y=[−0.4,0.4]包含了尾迹效应内波的主要特征信息,进一步探究该区域在转捩前后的幅值变化。转捩开始前后各线阵的无量纲根均方差均值y轴的分布曲线如图11所示,其中S0表示各线阵中纵剖面(y=0)处的根均方差值。图11(a)中的拖曳Froude数在转捩点以前,可以看到最大值位于中纵剖面处,表明内波尾迹的峰值位于此;且其两侧近似对称,又说明了此速度下的圆球内波尾迹主要为Lee波。图中同时给出了表达式为的正态分布曲线,可见Fr=0.4的根均方差分布曲线与该正态分布曲线接近,这证明了自中纵剖面往两侧等密度线的波动幅度逐渐减弱,且两侧对称位置的振幅相近。随着拖曳速度的增大,尾迹效应内波的能量逐渐增大,并在y=[−0.4,0.4]范围内逐渐成为主控内波,如图11(b)绘制的变化曲线所示。最大值不再固定位于中纵剖面处,其出现位置具有一定的随机性,如图中速度0.2 m/s时最大值在y=−0.1 m处,速度0.3 m/s时最大值在0.1 m处。同时也不具备较好的对称性,变化曲线不再满足正态高斯分布。
在验证了多线阵方案采集数据结果有效性的基础上,本文开展了宽域密度分层模拟水槽中的拖曳圆球激发内波尾迹实验。结合内波色散关系,利用内波相关速度概率密度统计及波幅的根均方差等数据分析方法,深入研究了水下运动物体产生内波尾迹的相关速度时空概率分布、转捩区域划分和垂向位移场特性等关键问题。
得益于多线阵可采集较大的样本数量和应用于较广的空间范围,本文首次给出了内波相关速度的空间概率分布密度,通过不同空间区域的内波相关Froude数的概率分布密度,能够清晰地辨别尾迹中的成分占比。研究表明,从内层区域y=[−0.4 m,0.4 m]的概率分布密度曲线成为双峰形定义为转捩区域的开始,直至内外层区域尾迹效应内波的相关Froude数概率密度峰值均大于Lee波时为转捩区域结束,转捩区域Froude数约在1.6~3.3的范围内。转捩前尾迹波系概率分布密度集中,峰值所对应的内波相关Froude数与水下运动物体Froude数相近,有力证明了Lee波主导的尾迹波系整体跟随物体一起运动。随着拖曳Froude数的增大,尾迹效应内波相关Froude数随之在概率密度图中出现,该Froude数小于物体的运动Froude数,约在0.3~0.4处具有概率密度峰值。在转捩区域后,内波尾迹正式进入尾迹效应内波主导区域。但值得注意的是,此时在外层区域概率密度峰值的内波相关Froude数不同于内层,约为2~2.8,即不同空间区域的主导内波成分的群速度分量是不同的。这种转捩前后的不同特性在内波尾迹的垂向位移场中也能清晰体现。在转捩前,Lee波为主控内波,尾迹的波系结构与拖曳Froude数相对临界Froude数的大小有关,峰值Froude数Frp ≈ 0.8,尾迹具有较好的对称性。转捩后,内层范围的尾迹效应内波占据主导,尾迹不再保持对称。随着Froude数的增大,由于内层范围的内波幅值逐渐显著,无量纲根均方差均值近似线性增大,拟合曲线斜率约为0.0024。
  • 上海交通大学“新进青年教师启动计划”(24X010500111)
  • 中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702127)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张军,张效慈,赵峰,. 源于水动力学的潜艇尾迹非声探测技术研究之进展[J]. 船舶力学2003, 4:121-128.
Zhang J, Zhang X C, Zhao F, et al. Progress of investigation on non-acoustic detection for submarine wake originated from naval hydrodynamics[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2003, 4:121-128. (in Chinese)
[2]
高德宝,张军,周根水,. 拖曳体内波尾迹水下/水面波流特征试验研究[J]. 船舶力学2023, 27:1-9.
Gao D B, Zhang J, Zhou G S, et al. Experimental study on characteristics of water surface flow and underwater flow for internal waves generated by a towed body in a stratified fluid[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2023, 27:1-9. (in Chinese)
[3]
Robey H F. The generation of internal waves by a towed sphere and its wake in a thermocline[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1997, 9:3353-3367.
[4]
Meunier P, Le Dizès S, Redekopp L, et al. Internal waves generated by a stratified wake: Experiment and theory[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 2018, 846:752-788.
[5]
王进,尤云祥,胡天群,. 具有密度跃层分层流体中回转体激发内波特性实验[J]. 物理学报2012, 61:252-264.
Wang J, You Y X, Hu T Q, et al. The characteristics of internal waves generated by a revolution body in a stratified fluid with a pycnocline[J]. Acta Phys. Sin., 2012, 61:252-264. (in Chinese)
[6]
Hopfinger E J, Flor J B, Chomaz J M, et al. Internal waves generated by a moving sphere and its wake in a stratified fluid[J]. Exp Fluids, 1991, 11(4): 255-261.
[7]
Bonneton P, Chomaz J M, Hopfinger E J. Internal waves produced by the turbulent wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 1993, 254:23-40.
[8]
魏岗,赵先奇,苏晓冰,. 分层流体中尾迹时间序列结构的实验研究[J]. 中国科学(G辑:物理学力学天文学)2009, 39:1338-1347.
Wei G, Zhao X Q, Su X B, et al. Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2009, 39:1338-1347. (in Chinese)
[9]
王宏伟,陈科,尤云祥,. 密度分层流体中不同潜深拖曳回转体激发内波特性实验[J]. 科学通报2017, 62:2132-2148.
Wang H W, Chen K, You Y X, et al. Experimental study on time series structures of the wake in a linearly stratified fluid[J]. Chin Sci Bull, 2017, 62:2132-2148. (in Chinese)
[10]
Chomaz, J M, Bonneton P, Hopfinger E J. The structure of the near wake of a sphere moving horizontally in a stratified fluid[J]. J. Fluid Mech, 1993, 254:1-21.
[11]
Meunier P, Spedding G R. A loss of memory in stratified momentum wakes[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2004, 16:298-305.
[12]
李宇航. 水下航行体内波尾迹形成机理及其水面响应特性研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学,2022.
Li Y H. Research on the formation mechanism and the surface signature characteristics of the internal wave generated by a submerged body[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022. (in Chinese)
[13]
姚志崇,马向能,赵峰,. 内波的相似律及其实验室量化模拟关系[J]. 船舶力学2021, 25:1-8.
Yao Z C, Ma X N, Zhao F, et al. Similarity law of internal waves and its quantified relation of experimental simulation[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2021, 25:1-8. (in Chinese)
[14]
Silverman B W. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis[M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1998.
2025年第29卷第10期
PDF下载
70
34
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004
  • 接收时间:2025-04-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-10-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-19
基金
上海交通大学“新进青年教师启动计划”(24X010500111)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M702127)
作者信息
    1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.上海交通大学 三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南 三亚 572000

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.004
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏