Article(id=1243896549680464812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744300800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497647923, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1760889600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497647923, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497647923, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497647923, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896547704947617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='10', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497647453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501638614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1629, endPage=1637, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896550385107894, articleId=1243896549680464812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Analytical study on the dynamic responses of rectangular sandwich plate struck by a retangular frustum impactor, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, a theoretical formula of plastic deformation and impact force of rectangular lightweight sandwich plate struck by a rectangular frustum impactor was derived based on the approximate yield criterion and rigid-perfectly plastic theory. Numerical simulations were conducted to verify the accuracy of the analytical prediction model. In addition, the influences of load distribution, side length ratio and location of impact loads on the dynamic response of a rectangular sandwich plate were theoretically analyzed. Results show that the theoretical predictions for PVC foam core sandwich plate struck by a rectangular frustum impactor show good agreement with numerical results. With the increase of load distribution coefficient, the impact strength per unit area decreases, which leads to the decrease in plastic deformation; when the impact position is closer to the boundary, the length of plastic hinges increases, resulting in a significant decrease in deformation; the plastic deformation achieves its most significant value under impact when the aspect ratio of foam sandwich plate is 1.

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本文基于近似屈服准则和理想刚塑性理论,推导出四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板变形和冲击力理论解析公式,还开展了数值计算,以验证理论模型的准确性。在此基础上,采用理论模型分析了载荷分布情况、载荷作用位置以及边长比对船用矩形夹芯板冲击动态响应的影响规律。结果表明,四棱台形冲头撞击下,船用矩形夹芯板动态响应理论预测结果与数值计算结果吻合较好。载荷分布系数增加时,单位面积冲击载荷作用强度减小,导致塑性变形减小;冲击载荷作用位置越靠近边界时,塑性铰线长度增加,导致结构塑性变形显著减小;当泡沫夹芯板边长比为1时,冲击载荷作用下结构塑性变形最严重。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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肖雯(1999-),女,博士研究生

李应刚(1988-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Material properties of PVC foam core and low-carbon steel panel

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材料密度ρ/(kg·m−3弹性模量E/MPa屈服应力σf/MPa平台应力σc/MPa泊松比γ
低碳钢7800210 000179-0.3
PVC泡沫8033-1.20.3
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PVC泡沫和低碳钢面板材料参数

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材料密度ρ/(kg·m−3弹性模量E/MPa屈服应力σf/MPa平台应力σc/MPa泊松比γ
低碳钢7800210 000179-0.3
PVC泡沫8033-1.20.3
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四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板动态响应理论研究
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肖雯 2 , 李应刚 1, 2 , 胡勇 2 , 宋泽远 2 , 刘虎 2 , 李晓彬 1, 2
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(10): 1629-1637
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(10): 1629-1637
四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板动态响应理论研究
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肖雯2, 李应刚1, 2 , 胡勇2, 宋泽远2, 刘虎2, 李晓彬1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.高性能舰船技术教育部重点实验室(武汉理工大学),武汉 430063
  • 2.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063
  • 肖雯(1999-),女,博士研究生

    李应刚(1988-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Analytical study on the dynamic responses of rectangular sandwich plate struck by a retangular frustum impactor
Wen XIAO2, Ying-gang LI1, 2 , Yong HU2, Ze-yuan SONG2, Hu LIU2, Xiao-bin LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of High Performance Ship Technology (Wuhan University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
出版时间: 2025-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.012
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本文基于近似屈服准则和理想刚塑性理论,推导出四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板变形和冲击力理论解析公式,还开展了数值计算,以验证理论模型的准确性。在此基础上,采用理论模型分析了载荷分布情况、载荷作用位置以及边长比对船用矩形夹芯板冲击动态响应的影响规律。结果表明,四棱台形冲头撞击下,船用矩形夹芯板动态响应理论预测结果与数值计算结果吻合较好。载荷分布系数增加时,单位面积冲击载荷作用强度减小,导致塑性变形减小;冲击载荷作用位置越靠近边界时,塑性铰线长度增加,导致结构塑性变形显著减小;当泡沫夹芯板边长比为1时,冲击载荷作用下结构塑性变形最严重。

船用矩形夹芯结构  /  冲击载荷  /  理论模型  /  动态响应  /  数值验证

In this paper, a theoretical formula of plastic deformation and impact force of rectangular lightweight sandwich plate struck by a rectangular frustum impactor was derived based on the approximate yield criterion and rigid-perfectly plastic theory. Numerical simulations were conducted to verify the accuracy of the analytical prediction model. In addition, the influences of load distribution, side length ratio and location of impact loads on the dynamic response of a rectangular sandwich plate were theoretically analyzed. Results show that the theoretical predictions for PVC foam core sandwich plate struck by a rectangular frustum impactor show good agreement with numerical results. With the increase of load distribution coefficient, the impact strength per unit area decreases, which leads to the decrease in plastic deformation; when the impact position is closer to the boundary, the length of plastic hinges increases, resulting in a significant decrease in deformation; the plastic deformation achieves its most significant value under impact when the aspect ratio of foam sandwich plate is 1.

rectangular sandwich plate  /  impact load  /  analytical model  /  dynamic responses  /  numerical validation
肖雯, 李应刚, 胡勇, 宋泽远, 刘虎, 李晓彬. 四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板动态响应理论研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1629 -1637 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.012
Wen XIAO, Ying-gang LI, Yong HU, Ze-yuan SONG, Hu LIU, Xiao-bin LI. Analytical study on the dynamic responses of rectangular sandwich plate struck by a retangular frustum impactor[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1629 -1637 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.012
船舶在航行与作业过程中可能遭受冲击载荷作用[1-3],如舰船飞行甲板受到直升机起降冲击载荷,极地船舶受到海冰碰撞冲击载荷等,这些冲击载荷可能造成结构塑性变形损伤,影响船舶结构安全可靠性。因此,为了实现船舶结构动态冲击响应快速预测,国内外学者对船舶结构冲击塑性变形开展了理论研究[4-5]。Jones[1]在考虑弯矩和膜力共同作用的情况下,推导出了矩形板在脉冲载荷作用下的位移响应结果。陈发良等[4]采用膜力因子法对矩形板在脉冲载荷下的动态响应进行了理论研究,其预测结果与Jones[1]解析结果一致。Zhu等[5]考虑材料的应变率效应,开展了楔形载荷冲击下矩形板动态响应理论研究。Lin等[6]进一步引入板长限制因子建立了均布载荷作用下矩形板位移响应理论模型。朱凌等[7]考虑矩形集中载荷作用下矩形板塑性铰线分布特点,推导了矩形板塑性变形的理论预测公式。Shen[8]探究了矩形板长宽比对冲击动态响应的影响,提出了有效变形因子,用于对不同长宽比下矩形板塑性变形区域进行预测。
上述研究主要集中于冲击载荷下船舶矩形板动态塑性变形理论预测,而夹芯结构具有高比强度、高比刚度、高能量吸收等优良的力学性能[9-10],在船舶结构冲击防护与轻量化领域具有广泛的应用价值。Qin等[11-12]基于夹芯结构屈服准则建立了固支泡沫夹芯方板在点冲击载荷作用下的理论模型。Li等[13]理论推导了楔形质量块冲击下正方形夹芯板位移和冲击力响应公式。尽管现有研究主要建立了正方形夹芯板受点集中载荷与线分布载荷作用下的理论模型,但船用板架结构长宽比一般为1-5[14],矩形板受面分布冲击载荷下结构变形情况有很大不同,目前缺少对船用矩形夹芯板在面分布冲击载荷下塑性变形的快速预测。
尽管现有研究已经取得了显著进展,但针对船用矩形夹芯板在面分布载荷下的塑性变形预测仍存在不足。本文采用夹芯截面屈服准则,基于功率耗散平衡方程建立了船用矩形夹芯板在四棱台形冲头撞击下的动力响应解析模型。对船用矩形PVC泡沫夹芯板冲击响应进行了数值验证。此外,本文还研究了载荷分布情况、冲击位置以及矩形泡沫夹芯板边长比对结构冲击响应的影响。
本文考虑四周刚性固支船用矩形夹芯板受四棱台形冲头撞击场景,如图1所示,夹芯板尺寸为2L×2B,由上、下金属面板和中间泡沫芯层组成,厚度分别为hc,密度分别为ρfρc,屈服应力分别为σfσc。上、下面板和泡沫芯层假设为理想刚塑性材料,两者之间为理想粘接。根据冲击载荷作用特点[7-8],矩形泡沫夹芯板理论假设变形模态如图1(b)所示,其中,δα为冲击位置参数。考虑夹芯结构发生塑性大变形的场景,由于局部凹陷消耗的能量远小于夹芯板弯矩和膜力做功所消耗的能量,因此,我们忽略局部凹陷的影响。
考虑矩形泡沫夹芯板受冲击载荷作用时塑性弯曲和塑性拉伸共同作用使结构发生形变,采用Qin等[11-12]建立的夹芯截面屈服准则,如公式(1)所示。
式中,n=N/N0m=M/M0hc分别是面板和芯层厚度,σfσc分别是面板和芯层的屈服应力,MN分别是夹芯结构的弯矩和膜力,M0N0分别是纯弯曲和单轴拉伸所对应的塑性屈服弯矩和塑性屈服膜力,表达式如下所示:
利用夹芯截面的方形屈服准则,对于外接屈服面的屈服轨迹|m|=|n|=1;对于内接屈服面的屈服轨迹,|N|=θ·N0,|M|=θ·M0,利用屈服准则可解得:
根据冲击动态响应过程中系统能量平衡,外部冲击力所做的功率等于塑性铰耗散的功率和惯性力的功率之和,夹芯板在冲击载荷作用下功率平衡方程可以表示为:
上式的左边为冲头冲击功率和惯性力功率,右边为塑性能耗散率。其中,m0是冲头质量,μ=c+2f为单位矩形板质量,w是横向位移,W为冲击区域位移,分别为该区域的冲击速度和冲击加速度。
各刚性区域惯性力做的功率之和为:
泡沫夹芯板的塑性变形能Up由中面势能UNp和弯曲势能UMp组成,分别与面内膜力Np和弯矩Mp有关,而泡沫夹芯板消耗的总功率可以通过总势能求导得到:
由此,功率平衡方程化简为:
式中,Ψ1Ψ2分别代表影响膜力功率和弯矩功率的几何参数,mp代表矩形泡沫夹芯板的等效质量,表达式分别为:
考虑外接屈服面和内接屈服面,功率平衡方程可化简为:
基于动量守恒定律,夹芯板受冲击载荷作用的初始条件为:
求解式(17)和(18)得到夹芯板内接屈服面的变形Wt1i以及外接屈服面的变形Wt1c
时,Wt1i取最大值:
时,Wt1c取最大值:
为了验证理论模型的正确性,本文利用ABAQUS有限元软件开展了四棱台形冲头撞击下矩形夹芯板动态响应数值模拟研究,有限元模型如图2所示。上、下面板材料为低碳钢,芯层为PVC泡沫,其材料参数与参考文献[13]一致,如表1所示。泡沫夹芯板尺寸为2L×2B=300 mm×180 mm,芯层厚度为c=5 mm,上、下面板厚度为h=1 mm。冲头长度2l=60 mm,冲头宽度2b=36 mm,冲头质量为m0=100 kg,上、下面板及泡沫芯层为C3D8R实体单元,矩形冲头为R3D4离散刚体单元。上、下面板与泡沫芯层之间采用绑定约束连接,对上、下面板及泡沫芯层四周边界的位移和转角进行限制(U1=U2=U3=RF1=RF2=RF3=0)。
理论模型利用夹芯截面屈服准则的内接屈服曲线和外切屈服曲线得到了最大塑性变形和冲击力峰值的上、下限曲线。不同冲击位置数值计算结果与理论预测结果如图3所示,其中,无量纲塑性变形为,无量纲冲击力为,无量纲冲击能量为。通过对比可以发现,不同冲击位置仿真计算得到的矩形夹芯板变形基本位于理论预测的上限范围内。当无量纲冲击能量较小时,数值计算结果接近甚至超过上限解,之后,随着冲击能量的增加,仿真结果逐渐位于理论预测的上、下限之间。这可以解释为:理论分析中,假设变形模态忽略了局部凹陷的影响,低冲击能量下结构整体塑性变形较小,局部凹陷能量耗散在整体能量耗散中的占比较大,局部凹陷影响较为显著,从而导致数值计算结果接近甚至超过上限解。随着冲击能量的增加,局部凹陷能量耗散占比逐渐减小[12],仿真结果逐渐位于理论预测的上、下限之间。整体来看,基于刚塑性理论推导的夹芯结构在不同冲击位置冲击载荷作用下位移响应和冲击力峰值响应结果与仿真结果基本一致,这表明,本文提出的理论模型具有一定的准确性,为面分布冲击载荷下矩形夹芯板塑性变形预测提供了理论基础。
为了进一步验证PVC泡沫夹芯板低速冲击动态响应理论模型的准确性,将有限元计算得到的上、下面板变形模态与理论假设变形模态进行对比,如图4所示。可以看出,上面板变形模态表现为局部凹陷与整体变形相结合的耦合变形模态,下面板变形模态表现为整体变形。矩形PVC泡沫夹芯板受冲击载荷作用时,塑性变形主要集中在冲头冲击区域,远离冲击区域的PVC泡沫夹芯板塑性变形几乎是线性减小。总体而言,数值仿真计算得到的冲击载荷作用下矩形PVC泡沫夹芯板变形模态与理论假设变形模态吻合较好,表明理论变形模态与位移场假设具有一定的准确性。
定义冲击载荷分布系数为载荷作用面积与夹芯板面积比S=(l×b)/(L×B),用于表征冲击载荷分布情况,不同载荷分布情况对冲击响应的影响如图5所示。可以发现,当无量纲冲击动能相同时,随着载荷作用面积的增加,无量纲塑性变形不断减小,而冲击力峰值逐渐增加。当四棱台形冲头截面为正方形时,结构塑性变形稍有减小,而冲击力峰值稍微增加。随着载荷分布系数S增加,塑性变形不断减小,而冲击力峰值不断增加。这是由于载荷分布面积增加,单位面积载荷作用强度减小,因此,矩形PVC泡沫夹芯板塑性变形减小。此外,塑性铰线长度增加,各铰线处膜力的合作用力增加,导致冲击力峰值逐渐增加。
考虑到实际结构受到冲击载荷作用位置具有随机性,我们利用理论模型分析了冲击载荷作用位置对冲击响应的影响,如图6所示。可以发现,冲击位置从中心向边界移动时,无量纲永久变形逐渐减小。这是因为冲击位置从中心向边界移动时,塑性铰线长度增加,泡沫夹芯板的弯矩和膜力消耗一定量冲击动能所需要发生的塑性变形量减小。此外,可以发现,相较于向短边方向移动,冲击位置向长边方向移动时,塑性变形减小更为显著。
船用板架结构一般为矩形板结构[14],定义边长比为γ=2B/2L,本文利用理论公式推导了不同边长比(γ=3、2、1、1/2、1/3)对冲击响应的影响,如图7所示。可以发现,当边长比γ=1时,无量纲变形达到最大值,表明方形夹芯板冲击变形最严重,而当γ>1时增加边长比或γ<1时减小边长比,PVC泡沫夹芯板下面板中点位移减小。这是由于塑性铰线长度增加,弯矩和膜力消耗相同能量所需要发生位移减小。此外,与边长比γ=1相比,随着边长比增加或减小,泡沫夹芯板塑性变形减小,可以发现,当边长比γ≠1且互为倒数时,当γ<1时PVC泡沫夹芯板下面板中点位移小于γ>1时位移,这是因为前者在冲击载荷距离边界更近,边界条件对其有较强的约束,导致此时泡沫夹芯板位移减小。
本文基于近似屈服准则和刚塑性材料假设,建立了四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形夹芯板动力响应理论模型,同时采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了船用矩形泡沫夹芯板冲击响应数值仿真计算与对比验证。在此基础上,本文研究了载荷分布情况、冲击位置以及矩形夹芯板边长比对结构动力响应的影响。主要结论总结如下:
(1)四棱台形冲头撞击下船用矩形泡沫夹芯板的无量纲变形、无量纲冲击力峰值以及变形模态等理论预测结果与数值计算结果吻合良好,这验证了理论模型的正确性。
(2)载荷分布系数较小时,单位面积冲击载荷强度增加,导致塑性变形增加;冲击位置越靠近边界时,塑性铰线长度增加,进而导致位移显著减小;当泡沫夹芯板边长比为1时,冲击载荷作用下结构塑性变形最严重。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(11972269)
  • 湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB566)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.012
  • 接收时间:2025-04-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-11
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国家自然科学基金项目(11972269)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB566)
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    1.高性能舰船技术教育部重点实验室(武汉理工大学),武汉 430063
    2.武汉理工大学 船海与能源动力工程学院,武汉 430063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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