Article(id=1243896548967433125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744992000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497647754, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1760889600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497647754, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497647754, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497647754, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896547704947617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='10', pageStart='1499', pageEnd='1662', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497647453, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501638614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913287902020449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896547704947617, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1549, endPage=1559, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896549340726183, articleId=1243896548967433125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Research on the influence of wind and rain field characteristic parameters on rain load of offshore platform, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As offshore floating structures continue to grow larger, the rain load of large offshore floating structures under extreme conditions has become one of the focal points of concern for designers. Based on the discrete particle model and the rain load calculation formula, this paper completed the rain load calculation for different wind field and raindrop spectrum combination states of the offshore platform, and the study shows that the rain load caused by fluctuating wind is much more discrete than the raindrop spectrum; the rain load of the offshore platform under the action of fluctuating wind follows Gamma distribution; and the rain load variation caused by time-varying rain field follows normal distribution; when the rainfall intensity R is 800 mm/h, the exceedance probability is 95%, the rain load accounts for 4.65%, and the maximum rain load accounts for 8.07%. The research results help to reveal the influencing factors of rain load on offshore platforms and can provide data support for designers to select rain load reasonably.

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海上浮式结构物不断向大型化发展,极端状态下大型海上浮式结构物的雨载荷成为设计人员关注的焦点问题之一。本文基于离散粒子模型和雨载荷计算公式,完成了海洋平台不同风场和雨滴谱组合状态下雨载荷计算,其研究表明:波动风引起的雨载荷离散度远大于雨滴谱;波动风作用下的海洋平台雨载荷服从Gamma分布,时变雨场引起的雨载荷变化服从正态分布;当降雨强度R=800 mm/h时,超越概率为95%,雨载荷占比为4.65%,最大雨载荷占比为8.07%。上述研究成果有助于揭示海洋平台雨载荷的影响因素,可为设计人员合理选取雨载荷提供数据支撑。

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凌宏杰(1985-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

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凌宏杰(1985-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

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Antennas Propag, 2011, 49(9): 3371-3380., articleTitle=Two-parameter Gamma drop size distribution models for Singapore, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896570459046527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=27, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=22, authorNames=Fu, X, Li HN, Yi TH, journalName=Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fu, X. Li HN, Yi TH. Research on motion of wind-driven rain and rain load acting on transmission tower[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2015, 139:27-36., articleTitle=Research on motion of wind-driven rain and rain load acting on transmission tower, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243896570542932611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DNV-RP-C205, Environmental conditions and environmental loads [S]. 2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1243896568135401998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, awardId=工业和信息化部[2019]357, language=CN, fundingSource=国家高技术船舶科研项目(工业和信息化部[2019]357), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1243896562791858348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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ArticleFig(id=1243896567460119017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

DSD parameters[17]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DSD类型形状因子µ浓度N0/(m−3·mm−1尺度参数Λ/mm−1
MP080004.1R−0.21
09057R0.1774.37R−0.176
Gamma31.19×105R−0.3526.78R−0.176
61.44×106R−0.8809.16R−0.176
), ArticleFig(id=1243896567564976624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

DSD参数[17]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
DSD类型形状因子µ浓度N0/(m−3·mm−1尺度参数Λ/mm−1
MP080004.1R−0.21
09057R0.1774.37R−0.176
Gamma31.19×105R−0.3526.78R−0.176
61.44×106R−0.8809.16R−0.176
), ArticleFig(id=1243896567674028533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雨滴谱风速类型
Gamma(6)Gamma(3)MP均匀风DNV剖面风DNV风剖面Davenport风谱
降雨强度R/(mm·h−1V10/(m·s−1
20,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,80020
), ArticleFig(id=1243896567766303225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

计算工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
雨滴谱风速类型
Gamma(6)Gamma(3)MP均匀风DNV剖面风DNV风剖面Davenport风谱
降雨强度R/(mm·h−1V10/(m·s−1
20,100,200,300,400,500,600,700,80020
), ArticleFig(id=1243896567854383615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896548967433125, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Wind drag coefficient of offshore platform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风速V/(m·s−1迎风面积A/m2风阻力Fw/kN空气密度ρa/(kg·m−3风阻系数Cw
DNV规范CFDDNV规范CFD
4010 750.2910 55810 3891.21.0231.0067
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海洋平台风阻系数计算

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风速V/(m·s−1迎风面积A/m2风阻力Fw/kN空气密度ρa/(kg·m−3风阻系数Cw
DNV规范CFDDNV规范CFD
4010 750.2910 55810 3891.21.0231.0067
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风雨场特征参数对海洋平台雨载荷影响研究
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凌宏杰 1 , 王志东 1 , 程小明 2 , 丁军 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(10): 1549-1559
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(10): 1549-1559
风雨场特征参数对海洋平台雨载荷影响研究
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凌宏杰1 , 王志东1, 程小明2, 丁军2
作者信息
  • 1.江苏科技大学,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 凌宏杰(1985-),男,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

Research on the influence of wind and rain field characteristic parameters on rain load of offshore platform
Hong-jie LING1 , Zhi-dong WANG1, Xiao-ming CHENG2, Jun DING2
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  • 2.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2025-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.005
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海上浮式结构物不断向大型化发展,极端状态下大型海上浮式结构物的雨载荷成为设计人员关注的焦点问题之一。本文基于离散粒子模型和雨载荷计算公式,完成了海洋平台不同风场和雨滴谱组合状态下雨载荷计算,其研究表明:波动风引起的雨载荷离散度远大于雨滴谱;波动风作用下的海洋平台雨载荷服从Gamma分布,时变雨场引起的雨载荷变化服从正态分布;当降雨强度R=800 mm/h时,超越概率为95%,雨载荷占比为4.65%,最大雨载荷占比为8.07%。上述研究成果有助于揭示海洋平台雨载荷的影响因素,可为设计人员合理选取雨载荷提供数据支撑。

雨载荷  /  雨滴谱  /  风谱  /  海洋平台

As offshore floating structures continue to grow larger, the rain load of large offshore floating structures under extreme conditions has become one of the focal points of concern for designers. Based on the discrete particle model and the rain load calculation formula, this paper completed the rain load calculation for different wind field and raindrop spectrum combination states of the offshore platform, and the study shows that the rain load caused by fluctuating wind is much more discrete than the raindrop spectrum; the rain load of the offshore platform under the action of fluctuating wind follows Gamma distribution; and the rain load variation caused by time-varying rain field follows normal distribution; when the rainfall intensity R is 800 mm/h, the exceedance probability is 95%, the rain load accounts for 4.65%, and the maximum rain load accounts for 8.07%. The research results help to reveal the influencing factors of rain load on offshore platforms and can provide data support for designers to select rain load reasonably.

rain load  /  raindrop spectrum  /  wind spectrum  /  offshore platform
凌宏杰, 王志东, 程小明, 丁军. 风雨场特征参数对海洋平台雨载荷影响研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1549 -1559 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.005
Hong-jie LING, Zhi-dong WANG, Xiao-ming CHENG, Jun DING. Research on the influence of wind and rain field characteristic parameters on rain load of offshore platform[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (10) : 1549 -1559 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.005
风驱雨(WDR)[1]是指从云层中形成的、在下降过程中因风场驱动作用而具有水平速度的雨滴,其在下落过程中,会受到重力、空气阻力、风拖曳力及表面张力的共同作用。同时,脉动风速的时变特性,将导致雨滴在运动过程中的受力处于不平衡状态,因此雨滴运动的末速度具有不确定性。此外,雨滴与结构物发生碰撞时将自身动能转换为结构压能,从而形成雨载荷。
国内外学者[2-4]通过现场实测,对雨滴的空间运动及风驱雨场分布规律进行研究,取得了丰硕的成果,但对风驱雨作用下的结构物载荷的研究成果相对较少。由于实验室环境中风雨耦合场的发生与可控难度系数高,公开的雨载荷试验数据缺少。柯世堂等[5-9]与付兴等[10-12]基于计算流体力学的连续相与离散相模型,开展了高层建筑、输电塔、冷却塔等结构的雨载荷数值预报研究,其研究结果表明,雨载荷与降雨强度密切相关,随着降雨强度的增加,雨载荷在风载荷中的占比不断增加,可达23%以上。值得注意的是,雨滴冲击载荷采用瞬态冲击峰值载荷之和,未考虑时间尺度的动量平均。Li等[13]提出了一种雨载荷的模拟方法,针对输电塔进行风、雨载荷作用下的响应分析,模拟结果表明:风载荷和雨载荷联合作用下的位移大于风载荷作用下的位移,说明雨载荷不可忽略。
台风通常伴随着暴雨,可能出现日降雨量达150~300 mm的强降水现象,少数台风甚至能直接或间接产生1000 mm以上的特大暴雨,如1973年中国西安在5分钟内降雨量达59.1 mm,约合709.2 mm/h;1970年11月26日,加勒比海中瓜达卢佩岛上的巴斯特每分钟的降雨量达到了38.1 mm,约合2286 mm/h。海上浮式结构物易遭受极端天气的侵袭,极端环境中海上结构物雨载荷的量化计算尚无公开文献,但海上大尺度、高耸结构物的雨载荷贡献量受到设计人员的关注。
本文基于离散粒子模型和结构雨载荷计算方法,采用动量平均的方法,开展了风雨场特征参数对海洋平台雨载荷的影响研究,计算了3种风场形式和3种雨滴谱型耦合作用下海洋平台雨载荷,定量分析了风雨场参数对雨载荷的影响程度。研究成果对海洋平台雨载荷的影响因素有揭示作用,为设计人员合理地选取雨载荷提供数据支撑。
雨滴谱可以用MP分布[14]、对数正态分布[15]、Gamma分布[16]等函数来描述,其中MP和Gamma分布最为常用。MP分布是Marshall和Palmer于1948年提出,其形式为
Gamma分布是在MP分布中引入一个形状因子µ,即
式中,ND)为单位尺度间隔及单位体积内的雨滴数,单位是m−3·mm−1N0为浓度,单位是m−3·mm−1Λ为尺度参数,与降雨强度R(mmh−1)有关,单位是mm−1D为雨滴直径,单位是mm。
MP与Gamma谱的参数选取见表1。从图1可以看出,与MP分布函数相比,由于形状因子μ的存在,Gamma模型能够更准确地表达小直径雨滴特征,而小雨滴比大直径雨滴更常见。降雨强度R=709.2 mm/h计算结果如图2所示。从图中可以看出,单位体积内雨滴数量随着降雨强度R增加而增加,雨滴尺度从小直径向大直径过渡,但雨场内雨滴直径普遍小于5.0 mm,即使在降雨强度R=709.2 mm/h的极端降雨条件下,大于5.0 mm的雨滴数量也极少,雨滴直径分布主要集中于0.5~3.0 mm区间内。
在选定雨滴谱型和降雨强度条件下,雨滴直径的离散尺度不同将得到不同的雨场。雨滴直径分布于0.1~6.0 mm范围内,离散的尺度给定随机数0<ξ<1,ΔD=(ξ+1)/20。对同一个雨滴谱和降雨强度分别计算5次可得到不同雨场分布,计算结果见图3。从图中可以看出:首先,MP谱描述的雨场以小直径雨滴为主,雨滴直径普遍小于2.0 mm;Gamma(6)描述的雨场近似服从正态分布,大直径和小直径雨滴数量较少,雨滴直径集中于1.0~3.5 mm;Gamma(3)描述的雨场处于MP和Gamma(6)雨场之间,在大直径和小直径雨滴的表征上更加符合实际情况[18];其次,随机数ξ的存在,保证了每次生成的雨场不同,即提高了雨场的时变特性,可增强雨场对真实降雨环境的覆盖率。
为研究风驱雨流场中不同直径雨滴粒子运动特性,按照文献[19]中的方法,定义速度比如下:
由文献[19]可知,大尺度风雨场得到充分发展后,在垂直面内和水平面内的降雨强度具有一致性,故
式中,VhHD)和VH)分别为雨滴通过某一高度时的水平速度和风速,与雨滴直径D和空间高度H有关。nvDi)和nhDi)分别为垂直面和水平面的不同直径雨滴对应的数量。
图4给出三种风场驱动雨滴运动的示意图,从图中可以看出:
(1)均匀风场,风速剖面表达式如下:
(2)DNV的《Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads》[20]中给出的风速剖面表达式如下:
(3)实际风场(风剖面+风谱)是在V10平均风速上叠加波动风,风谱采用Davenport,截断频率5 Hz,频率分割数1024,在高度方向满足公式(6)。这里,V10为距海平面10 m高度的时均风速,取20 m/s。
剖面风场中雨滴运动的示意图如图4所示,文献[19]认为速度比与雨滴直径成正比,与高度成反比,与基本风速无关。在DNV风剖面下的速度比拟合公式为
图5所示,剖面风场驱动下的雨滴水平速度与风速的关系为
均匀风场中γ=1,即雨滴水平速度与驱动风速一致。
海洋平台的结构形式见图6,结构形式类似于心形,其前后建筑物存在遮蔽效应,水面以上高H=44 m,总长L=400.0 m,总宽B=400.0 m,极端海况时利用风标效应单点系泊于心尖位置,本次计算海洋平台迎风面投影形状见图7,采用图像识别的方式,从自由面至顶端分割成242份,ΔH=0.1818 m。图8给出了海洋平台不同高度对应的迎风面积,高度30 m以上为贝壳剧场,其顶部受风面积比较小;高度30 m以下结构较为丰满,对应的受风面积较大。
选取3个雨滴谱型,9个降雨强度和3种风场进行组合,共计81个计算工况,详见表2。计算时间步长Δt=0.5 s,时长t=3600 s,每个时间步雨场均重新生成。
假设雨滴撞击后速度为零,则单个圆球形雨滴对固壁撞击力,可由冲量定理及根据雨滴尺寸和质量、末速度和撞击时间计算:
式中,τ为碰撞时间,Fτ)为雨滴的平均撞击力。
作用到结构物上的雨滴数采用垂直面上的雨滴谱计算确定。假设单位体积内所有雨滴都作用到结构物上,则单位降雨体积的水平方向雨载荷FD
时间τ内通过结构物的降雨体积Vr
Vr降雨体积对应的水平方向雨载荷Fr
雨压Pr
式中,A为结构物迎风投影面积;α为结构物的形状系数,镂空结构取2.0,封闭结构取1.0,遮蔽结构参照风场的遮蔽系数选取;VHt)表示时变风速。
注意:式(9)采用动量平均得到雨滴撞击的平均力,可能出现低估雨载荷现象。式(10)~(13)对雨载荷的计算中,忽略了结构物对风场的改变,因而引起雨场分布呈现不均匀现象。
将海洋平台雨载荷并入风载荷统一考虑,引入∆Cw修正项,定义如下:
因此,海洋平台风雨联合作用载荷计算公式可表达为
式中,Cw为风阻系数,详见表3,本文选取CFD计算结果。
图9给出了三种风场环境中、海洋平台不同高度的雨压及雨载荷历时曲线图,从图中可以看出:(1)雨场的水平方向动能主要来自于风场,雨压与雨场动能正相关,在剖面风(风谱)作用下,海洋平台雨压和雨载荷的变化与风速变化具有良好的一致性;(2)剖面风和均匀风场中时变雨场引起雨压时变,剖面风在高度上存在雨压差,均匀风在高度上不存在该现象;(3)雨场时变引起的雨压波动明显小于风场;(4)剖面风风速作用下雨压随着高度的降低而减小,由于海洋平台高度30 m以上的部分受风面积比较小,对载荷的贡献量较小。
将海洋平台不同高度产生的雨载荷沿高度方向积分,即可得到总的雨载荷。图10给出海洋平台雨载荷历时曲线图。从图中可以看出:(1)波动风场引起的雨载荷波动范围较大,剖面风和均匀风的雨载荷处于波动范围内,其中剖面风大于均匀风;(2)波动风速下海洋平台雨载荷是风雨场耦合共同作用的结果,其载荷特性需采用统计方法进行分析,详见下文。
图11给出了海洋平台雨载荷的概率密度函数拟合图,计算过程中包含风场时变、雨场时变,因此海洋平台雨载荷也呈现时变特性。如图11(a)~(c)所示,将波动风场下计算的7200个海洋平台雨载荷样本点分成50份进行概率统计,发现其服从Gamma分布,概率密度分布函数为
式中,a为形状参数,b为逆尺度参数,均值μ=a/b,方差σ2=a/b2
同样,将剖面风和均匀风下计算的7200个海洋平台雨载荷样本点分成50份进行概率统计,见图11(d),发现其服从高斯分布,可采用高斯分布函数进行拟合:
式中,fx)为概率密度函数,μ为期望值,σ为标准差。
图11可以看出:
(1)Gamma(6)雨滴谱与波动风场耦合作用下的海洋平台雨载荷,服从Gamma(6)分布的程度要优于MP和Gamma(3);
(2)MP和Gamma(3)整体服从Gamma分布,但在极值附近的概率预测偏小,即相同超越概率下雨载荷预测值偏大;
(3)时变雨场引起的海洋平台雨载荷的变化服从正态分布。
对海洋平台所有工况的雨载荷按照公式(14)进行无因次处理得到雨载荷系数,雨载荷系数与风速无关,与降雨强度密切相关,由于海洋平台雨载荷服从概率分布,计算超越概率分别为60%、70%、80%、90%、95%及最大值时对应的雨载荷系数,将其相对于风阻系数的占比绘制成曲线如图12所示。从图中可以看出:
(1)均匀风和剖面风作用下的海洋平台雨载荷大小关系为:Gamma(3)最大,MP次之,Gamma(6)最小。
(2)由于MP谱以小直径雨滴为主,小直径雨滴对风速的追随性好,雨场浓度大,雨载荷离散度小,载荷较为集中,对大载荷表征不足;Gamma(6)描述的雨场以大直径雨滴为主,大直径雨滴对风速的追随性差,雨场浓度小,雨载荷离散度大,且载荷平均水平低,不同超越概率载荷增加速度快;Gamma(3)描述的雨场介于MP谱和Gamma(6)之间。
(3)波动风作用下,当超越概率小于90%时,MP大于Gamma(3)和Gamma(6);当超越概率大于95%时,Gamma(3)大于MP和Gamma(6)。
(4)以Gamma(3)为例定量给出雨载荷占比,当超越概率95%,降雨强度R=800 mm/h时,雨载荷占比4.65%,常规暴雨R=20 mm/h,雨载荷占比0.34%;当超越概率50%,降雨强度R=800 mm/h时,雨载荷占比2.36%,降雨强度R=20 mm/h,雨载荷占比0.17%。
研究结果表明,降雨强度R<100 mm/h时的雨载荷占比小于1%,属于小量可忽略;当考虑海洋平台极端环境中极端载荷时,雨载荷占比最大值可达8.07%,则不可忽略。由于雨载荷最大值在1小时的时间序列内出现1次,且具有离散性,在工程上选取超越概率95%对应的载荷就已可以满足使用要求。
本文基于离散粒子模型和结构雨载荷计算方法,完成了均匀风、DNV剖面风和剖面风(风谱)三种风场,MP、Gamma(3)和Gamma(6)三种雨滴谱型组合状态,在不同降雨强度下的海洋平台雨载荷计算与分析,得到如下主要结论:
(1)波动风引起的雨载荷离散度远大于雨滴谱型。
(2)波动风作用下三种雨滴谱型计算出的海平台雨载荷服从Gamma分布,时变雨场引起雨载荷变化服从正态分布。
(3)均匀风和剖面风作用下海洋平台的雨载荷大小关系为:Gamma(3)最大,MP次之,Gamma(6)最小。
(4)降雨强度R<100 mm/h引起的雨载荷占比小于1%,属于小量可忽略。极端环境中,海洋平台雨载荷占比最大值可达8.07%,不可忽略。
  • 国家高技术船舶科研项目(工业和信息化部[2019]357)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.10.005
  • 接收时间:2025-04-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-19
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国家高技术船舶科研项目(工业和信息化部[2019]357)
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    1.江苏科技大学,江苏 镇江 212003
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
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