Article(id=1243896356230775750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497601801, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1758297600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497601801, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497601801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497601801, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896350367134664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='9', pageStart='1343', pageEnd='1498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497600404, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501609474, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913165692584796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913165692584797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1343, endPage=1351, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896356767646671, articleId=1243896356230775750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Simulation of injection and drainage systems for main ballast tank based on MWorks, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The main ballast tank is an important component of a submarine submerging and surfacing system. To correctly simulate the working process of a submerging and surfacing system, modeling and simulation analysis of the main ballast tank based on MWorks were carried out. Firstly, the models of water injection system, conventional blowdown system and emergency blowdown system were built using MWorks. Then, the model’s reliability was verified by comparison with CFD simulation results. Finally, the impact of factors such as back pressure and sea opening area on the injection and drainage process of the main ballast tank was analyzed. The results show that the relative error of main ballast tank blowing time between the MWorks simulation results and the CFD simulation results is within 10%; increasing back pressure will increase the blowing time and reduce the structural strength requirements for the main ballast tank; increasing the sea opening area will reduce the filling time, blowing time and the structural strength requirements for the main ballast tank. The main ballast tank system models built with MWorks have fast calculation speed and accurate regularity characteristics, which facilitates the rapid adjustment of engineering design parameters to determine design input.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhu-ling JIANG, Tao-tao LI, Qi YI, Bo-qun LIN, Wan-liang ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1243896362987798688, articleId=1243896356230775750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=CN, title=基于MWorks的主压载水舱系统注排水仿真研究, columnId=1241023038087549292, journalTitle=船舶力学, columnName=流体力学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

主压载水舱是潜浮系统的重要组成部分。为准确仿真潜浮系统工作过程,本文开展基于MWorks的主压载水舱建模与仿真分析。首先基于MWorks构建主压载水舱的注水、常规吹除、应急吹除系统模型,然后与CFD仿真结果对比,验证模型的可靠性,最后分析背压、通海孔面积对主压载水舱注排水过程的影响。结果表明:MWork仿真的主压载水舱吹除时间与CFD结果误差在10%以内;背压增加会提高吹除时间,降低水舱结构强度要求;通海孔面积增大会降低注排水时间和水舱结构强度要求。基于MWorks构建的主压载水舱系统模型计算速度快且规律特性准确,便于快速调试工程设计参数以确定设计输入。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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蒋竹凌(1993-),女,硕士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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蒋竹凌(1993-),女,硕士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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蒋竹凌(1993-),女,硕士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Analysis of the blowing process of high pressure air from the bottom into the main ballast tank[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2020, 42(8): 60-63. 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articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=图10, caption=应急吹除工作模式下通海孔面积对各参数的影响, figureFileSmall=YHPr5EXHZXcEgpxCCXQanQ==, figureFileBig=TwO0OkgkssvKtRiRwxybcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896371217023468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Setting of working conditions

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工况1工况2工况3工况4工况5工况6
气瓶压力/MPa6121861218
通海孔面积/m20.012 720.012 720.012 720.025 450.025 450.025 45
), ArticleFig(id=1243896371552567796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各工况设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况1工况2工况3工况4工况5工况6
气瓶压力/MPa6121861218
通海孔面积/m20.012 720.012 720.012 720.025 450.025 450.025 45
), ArticleFig(id=1243896371674202618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of results between two calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况吹除50%压载水时间/s吹除99.5%压载水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大质量流量/(kg·s−1
CFDMWorksCFDMWorksCFDMWorksCFDMWorks
110.7510.9235.4832.542.112.08106.7997.02
25.105.3012.0811.582.382.27195.87177.77
33.613.788.337.932.592.5261.46241.96
410.5610.7331.7132.322.12.02105.17100.17
54.774.8811.2410.882.282.08230.76194.19
63.193.307.187.012.442.17322.47279.58
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372051689982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两种计算方法的结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况吹除50%压载水时间/s吹除99.5%压载水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大质量流量/(kg·s−1
CFDMWorksCFDMWorksCFDMWorksCFDMWorks
110.7510.9235.4832.542.112.08106.7997.02
25.105.3012.0811.582.382.27195.87177.77
33.613.788.337.932.592.5261.46241.96
410.5610.7331.7132.322.12.02105.17100.17
54.774.8811.2410.882.282.08230.76194.19
63.193.307.187.012.442.17322.47279.58
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372257210882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameters setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始温度/K气瓶初始压力/MPa管路通径/m常规吹除管路长度/m减压阀工作压力/MPa应急吹除管路长度/m水舱高度/m水舱直径/m
298.15200.02201.5222
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372383040006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
初始温度/K气瓶初始压力/MPa管路通径/m常规吹除管路长度/m减压阀工作压力/MPa应急吹除管路长度/m水舱高度/m水舱直径/m
298.15200.02201.5222
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372588560910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Calculation results of water injection and drainage process under different back pressures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模式工况背压/MPa注、排水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大流量/(kg·s−1
注水下潜10.11104.170.111130.79
20.115104.160.116141.73
30.12104.120.121151.88
40.125104.050.126161.39
50.13103.970.131170.38
常规吹除60.1531.500.201208.50
70.237.080.236177.76
80.2543.380.277152.07
90.350.170.320131.27
100.3557.290.365114.64
应急吹除11332.203.047207.41
12443.394.025157.04
13555.195.015126.03
14667.576.009105.15
15780.837.00690.17
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372819247633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同背压下注排水过程计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模式工况背压/MPa注、排水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大流量/(kg·s−1
注水下潜10.11104.170.111130.79
20.115104.160.116141.73
30.12104.120.121151.88
40.125104.050.126161.39
50.13103.970.131170.38
常规吹除60.1531.500.201208.50
70.237.080.236177.76
80.2543.380.277152.07
90.350.170.320131.27
100.3557.290.365114.64
应急吹除11332.203.047207.41
12443.394.025157.04
13555.195.015126.03
14667.576.009105.15
15780.837.00690.17
), ArticleFig(id=1243896372940882458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Calculation results of water injection and drainage process under different sea opening areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模式工况通海孔直径/m注、排水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大流量/(kg·s−1
注水下潜10.10415.740.13142.59
20.15184.790.13195.84
30.20103.930.131170.38
40.2566.510.131266.22
50.3046.190.131383.37
常规吹除60.1068.170.43593.48
70.1549.640.317130.54
80.2043.380.277152.07
90.2541.060.262162.81
100.3040.130.256167.90
应急吹除110.1057.985.299118.81
120.1555.575.050124.89
130.2055.195.015126.03
140.2555.365.006125.79
150.3055.055.003126.47
), ArticleFig(id=1243896373058322979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896356230775750, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同通海孔面积下注排水过程计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工作模式工况通海孔直径/m注、排水时间/s水舱峰压/MPa通海孔最大流量/(kg·s−1
注水下潜10.10415.740.13142.59
20.15184.790.13195.84
30.20103.930.131170.38
40.2566.510.131266.22
50.3046.190.131383.37
常规吹除60.1068.170.43593.48
70.1549.640.317130.54
80.2043.380.277152.07
90.2541.060.262162.81
100.3040.130.256167.90
应急吹除110.1057.985.299118.81
120.1555.575.050124.89
130.2055.195.015126.03
140.2555.365.006125.79
150.3055.055.003126.47
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基于MWorks的主压载水舱系统注排水仿真研究
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蒋竹凌 1, 2 , 李滔滔 1, 2 , 羿琦 1, 2 , 林博群 1, 2 , 张万良 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025,29(9): 1343-1351
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2025, 29(9): 1343-1351
基于MWorks的主压载水舱系统注排水仿真研究
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蒋竹凌1, 2 , 李滔滔1, 2, 羿琦1, 2, 林博群1, 2, 张万良1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心 深海载人装备全国重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 蒋竹凌(1993-),女,硕士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Simulation of injection and drainage systems for main ballast tank based on MWorks
Zhu-ling JIANG1, 2 , Tao-tao LI1, 2, Qi YI1, 2, Bo-qun LIN1, 2, Wan-liang ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles, China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2025-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.001
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主压载水舱是潜浮系统的重要组成部分。为准确仿真潜浮系统工作过程,本文开展基于MWorks的主压载水舱建模与仿真分析。首先基于MWorks构建主压载水舱的注水、常规吹除、应急吹除系统模型,然后与CFD仿真结果对比,验证模型的可靠性,最后分析背压、通海孔面积对主压载水舱注排水过程的影响。结果表明:MWork仿真的主压载水舱吹除时间与CFD结果误差在10%以内;背压增加会提高吹除时间,降低水舱结构强度要求;通海孔面积增大会降低注排水时间和水舱结构强度要求。基于MWorks构建的主压载水舱系统模型计算速度快且规律特性准确,便于快速调试工程设计参数以确定设计输入。

主压载水舱  /  数理模型  /  MWorks  /  注排水特性  /  水舱结构强度要求

The main ballast tank is an important component of a submarine submerging and surfacing system. To correctly simulate the working process of a submerging and surfacing system, modeling and simulation analysis of the main ballast tank based on MWorks were carried out. Firstly, the models of water injection system, conventional blowdown system and emergency blowdown system were built using MWorks. Then, the model’s reliability was verified by comparison with CFD simulation results. Finally, the impact of factors such as back pressure and sea opening area on the injection and drainage process of the main ballast tank was analyzed. The results show that the relative error of main ballast tank blowing time between the MWorks simulation results and the CFD simulation results is within 10%; increasing back pressure will increase the blowing time and reduce the structural strength requirements for the main ballast tank; increasing the sea opening area will reduce the filling time, blowing time and the structural strength requirements for the main ballast tank. The main ballast tank system models built with MWorks have fast calculation speed and accurate regularity characteristics, which facilitates the rapid adjustment of engineering design parameters to determine design input.

main ballast tank  /  mathematical model  /  MWorks  /  injection and drainage characteristics  /  structural strength requirement
蒋竹凌, 李滔滔, 羿琦, 林博群, 张万良. 基于MWorks的主压载水舱系统注排水仿真研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (9) : 1343 -1351 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.001
Zhu-ling JIANG, Tao-tao LI, Qi YI, Bo-qun LIN, Wan-liang ZHANG. Simulation of injection and drainage systems for main ballast tank based on MWorks[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (9) : 1343 -1351 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.001
潜浮系统是潜艇的重要组成部分,主要功能是使潜艇从水上状态或半潜状态转为水下状态,以及在正常或应急情况下由水下状态转为半潜状态或水上状态[1]。主压载水舱是潜浮系统的重要组成部分,构建准确的主压载水舱注排水模型,不仅有助于研究潜浮系统运行规律、评估高压气吹除能力[2]和提供水舱结构强度设计依据[3],还有助于模拟潜艇的压载变化、重心位置变化[4],提高潜艇操纵性预报评估的准确性。
目前,关于主压载水舱的研究主要分为数理模型研究、CFD仿真和试验验证[5]。Bystrom[6]假定气体等熵流动并利用拉瓦尔喷管公式建立高压气吹除主压载水舱的数理模型。Font等[7-8]优化了主压载水舱吹除数理模型,给出了两种流态下高压气瓶气流计算公式,并基于模型研究了主压载水舱质量变化对潜艇操纵性的影响;王晓峰等[9]考虑重力对吹除过程的影响改进了数理模型,并使用该模型分析影响吹除效率的因素;刘辉等[10]对常规吹除和短路吹除工况分别建立了吹除模型,认为拉瓦尔喷管模型更适用于短路吹除。CFD仿真较数理模型精度更高,羿琦等[11]用Realizable k-ε和SST k-ω模型研究水舱气液两相流动过程和水舱气体压力变化历程;张建华等[12]用VOF模型研究了水舱内气水界面的生成与发展规律。此外,国内还开展过小比例模型原理试验验证仿真计算结果,刘辉[13]、王晓峰[9]、羿琦[11]等均通过试验验证其仿真结果的真实性。小比例的原理试验由于尺度效应对实际设计指导意义不大,CFD仿真相对数理模型仿真时间较长且其结果更关注气液两相流过程,目前优化后的数理模型已经能较好描述高压气流动过程且省时省力。但常用的数理模型简化了潜浮系统阀类、管件设备,且缺乏注排水全过程分析,其结果应用于工程设计阶段仍不够精确。
MWorks软件是基于Modelica语言开发的系统仿真软件,其模型针对设备的数理模型构建,便于实现模型重用、重构和扩展。本文基于数理模型构建主压载水舱的Modelica模型,并基于MWorks组件库构建主压载水舱的注水、常规吹除、应急吹除系统模型,然后参照CFD仿真结果验证MWorks模型的准确性,并基于MWorks系统模型分析背压、通海孔面积等因素对主压载水舱注排水过程的影响。基于MWorks构建的主压载水舱系统模型可以快速预测各工况下主压载水舱的规律特性,对工程设计阶段参数确定有极大帮助。
潜浮系统有正常吹除、应急吹除、注水下潜三种工作方式,主要由气瓶、阀件、主压载水舱、管路等部件组成。MWorks的气动组件库已包含气瓶、单向阀、减压阀、电磁阀等基本气动组件,主压载水舱模型可基于数理模型构建。
正常吹除系统由主压载水舱、正常吹除管路和通气管路组成,其MWorks系统模型如图1(a)所示。正常吹除时,水舱的通气阀关闭,吹除阀打开,高压气瓶内的高压气经减压后进入主压载水舱。当吹除阀关闭、排气阀打开时,图1(a)系统模型也可用于主压载水舱注水仿真。
应急吹除系统由主压载水舱、应急吹除管路和通气管路组成,其MWorks系统模型如图1(b)所示。应急吹除管路比正常吹除管路短得多,且应急吹除管路不用经过减压阀。应急吹除时,水舱的通气阀关闭,应急吹除阀打开,高压气瓶的高压气直接吹入主压载水舱。
主压载水舱的注排水涉及气体与海水的体积平衡,当开启高压吹除系统,气瓶气压高于外部深海环境压力时,舱室海水受到压力的影响,内部海水流出,当舱室海水完全流出且气瓶继续开启时,气瓶气体会从通海孔进一步泄出;当气瓶不工作且打开通海孔和通气孔时,受深海环境压强影响,外部深海环境的海水会流入舱室,直至舱室达到满舱。目前MWorks无可模拟主压载水舱的类似组件,需根据数理模型自行构建。
主压载水舱的吹除与注水过程涉及气液两相流过程,变化剧烈且相关原理方程复杂。为提高计算效率,对主压载水舱内部动态过程做如下假设:
(1)气液交界面保持水平状态,不考虑气液混合层厚度,不考虑吹除后期压载水残留现象;
(2)不考虑水舱内高压气体和压载水之间的热交换过程,默认气水之间已实现充分热交换;
(3)气液交界面处气体压力等于液体压力。
根据以上假设可将主压载水舱的研究对象简化为气体、液体两部分,并根据实际水舱结构将水舱的接口分为吹除口、通气孔、通海孔(气液混合接口),水舱模型如图2所示。吹除口用于释放高压气瓶的气流,通气孔用于注水阶段释放水舱内空气,通海孔用于水舱注排水。
根据理想气体状态方程,水舱内气体模型为
式中,pgas为水舱中气体压力,Vgas为水舱中气体体积,mgas为水舱中气体质量,Tgas为水舱中气体温度,Rg为空气气体常数,Rg=287.06 J/(kg·K)。
对上式两边求导,得气体质量变化方程为
取舱内水面和通海孔出口截面两个过流断面建立伯努利方程:
可得通海孔海水流速为
式中,ρ为海水密度,g为重力加速度,hL为水舱液面距通海孔高度,pL为舱内水面海水压力(根据水舱假设(3),pgas=pL),pw为海水背压,vL为舱内水面液位变化速度,(一般较小可忽略),vB为通海孔海水流速。
因此通海孔海水质量流量方程为
式中,QB为通海孔海水质量流量,Cf为通海孔流量系数,A为通海孔面积。
基于MWorks建立的主压载水舱系统模型可以通过CFD仿真结果进行可靠性验证。
文献[14]开展了高压气底吹进气吹除主压载水舱的仿真,采用瞬态的压力基求解器,求解算法采用PISO算法,气液两相输运过程使用显式VOF模型。文献[14]中CFD仿真参数设置为:高压气瓶容积1.14 m3,管路通径20 mm,圆柱形水舱体积1.75 m3,海水背压2 MPa,初始温度288.83 K,各工况的区别在于气瓶压力和通海孔面积,如表1所示。基于MWorks建立的应急吹除主压载水舱系统模型可按相同的参数设置,与CFD仿真结果对比。
表2对比了两种计算方法下吹除50%压载水的时间、吹除99.5%压载水的时间、水舱峰压和通海孔最大质量流量。在高压气吹除主压载水舱初期,由于水舱内初始压力较低,高压气进入后舱内压力会急剧上升,气源初始压力越大,压力的上升越明显。水舱峰压为吹除过程中水舱气体最高压力,水舱峰压与海水背压差值为水舱内外最大压差,该压差是水舱结构强度设计的重要依据。
图3显示的是两种方法下各参数相对误差的对比,相对误差计算公式为
式中,xCFD为CFD仿真的结果,xMWorks为MWorks仿真的结果。
图3所示,吹除50%压载水时两种计算方法误差均不超过5%。吹除99.5%压载水时通海孔面积越大误差越小,所有工况误差在10%以内。在较高吹除压力与较大通海孔面积情况下,MWorks计算得到的水舱峰压偏低,最大误差可达11.02%。所有工况下两种模型计算的通海孔最大质量流量误差都比较大,工况5误差最大可达15.85%。
MWorks模型在仿真吹除过程中,吹除50%压载水的时间误差明显小于吹除99.5%压载水的时间误差。观察图4中工况1的水舱气体体积分数变化历程可知,吹除后期舱内余水吹除较慢,CFD仿真会考虑气液交界面的复杂变化,吹除后期速度略慢于MWorks仿真结果,使得完全吹除时间会偏长。因此,MWorks模型计算的完全吹除时间偏短,在工程设计时要考虑进去。
工况4、5、6计算的水舱峰压误差较大,但从图5中可以看出,MWorks计算的峰压更接近CFD仿真中的次峰压。因此,在通海孔面积较大时,MWorks计算的峰压值偏低,工程设计中确定水舱强度时要略高于MWorks计算值。
两种计算模型得到的通海孔最大质量流量误差虽大,但结合吹除时间误差考虑,两种方法计算的通海孔平均质量流量误差其实相对较小,因此尽管MWorks模型计算的通海孔最大质量流量偏小,但其相对误差仍属于可接受范围。
总体来说,基于MWorks的仿真模型结果与CFD仿真结果接近,表现出一致的特性规律,具有可信性。且MWorks模型求解速度快,可以随意改变多种边界条件进行多次仿真,更利于潜浮系统的工程设计。
基于主压载水舱的Modelica模型可以很方便地修改通海孔压力、通海孔面积等参数并进行多工况多状态仿真分析。
表3展示了注水、常规吹除、应急吹除3种工作模式下的模型基本参数设置。一般注水和常规吹除都在近海面,因此限定注水过程在水下5 m以内,常规吹除在水下25 m以内。
注水状态下通气孔外部压力为背压,吹除状态下通海孔外部压力为背压。工况1~5仿真注水工作状态,工况6~10仿真常规吹除工作状态,工况11~15仿真应急吹除工作状态,背压设置和计算结果如表4所示。注水下潜工作模式下背压变化不大,因此注水时间几乎不受背压影响,水舱峰压和通海孔最大流量随背压同步上升。常规吹除和应急吹除工作模式下,背压越大,吹除时间越长,水舱峰压越高,通海孔最大流量越低。
常规吹除和应急吹除工作模式下,背压对水舱吹除时间和水舱内外压差的影响如图6~7所示。由图可知,背压增加会使吹除时间延长,水舱内外压差下降,且随着背压逐渐增加,吹除时间的相对增幅越大,水舱内外压差的相对降幅越小。背压越小,水舱内外压差增长越快,因此近水面吹除对水舱结构强度要求较高;背压越大,吹除时间越长,因此大潜深吹除难度高。
水舱只设置一个通海孔,各工况下通海孔直径设置和计算结果如表5所示。由表中数据可知,通海孔面积越大,注排水时间越短,水舱峰压越小,通海孔最大流量越大。
各工作模式下,通海孔直径对水舱注水时间、吹除时间和水舱内外压差的影响如图8~10所示。由图8可知,增大通海孔直径可以明显降低水舱注水时间,但对水舱内外压差几乎没有影响;由图9可知,增大通海孔直径可以降低水舱吹除时间和水舱内外压差;图8图9中,随着通海孔直径的增大,其影响逐渐减弱;由图10可知,通海孔直径过小会急剧增加水舱内外压差,但通海孔直径大于0.2 m后,其影响极小可忽略。因此,主压载水舱设计时通海孔面积不宜过小,合适的通海孔面积可以降低注排水时间,减小水舱承压。
本文采用MWorks软件建立了主压载水舱系统模型,对主压载水舱的注排水过程进行了仿真模拟,得到如下结论:
(1)MWorks吹除仿真结果与CFD仿真结果具有相同的特性规律,数据误差在16%以内,MWorks的仿真模型具有可信性。且MWorks搭建的系统模型计算速度远快于CFD仿真,便于开展工程设计阶段的影响因素分析与设计优化工作。
(2)背压主要影响主压载水舱的吹除时间和水舱峰压,背压增加会增大吹除难度但降低水舱结构强度要求。
(3)通海孔直径过小会明显增大应急吹除时水舱内外压差,因此设计时通海孔面积不宜太小。且通海孔面积越大,注排水时间越短,水舱结构强度要求越低。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.001
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-09-20
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    1.中国船舶科学研究中心 深海载人装备全国重点实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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