Article(id=1243896352485258194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742400000000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497600908, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1758297600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497600908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497600908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497600908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896350367134664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='9', pageStart='1343', pageEnd='1498', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497600404, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501609474, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243913165692584796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243913165692584797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896350367134664, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1492, endPage=1498, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896352866939867, articleId=1243896352485258194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Acoustic radiation calculation and experimental study of complex cylindrical shells based on condensed transfer function method, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problem of predicting the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures, this paper carried out theoretical and experimental research on the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures. In theory, a hybrid calculation method based on the combination of condensed transfer function method, direct stiffness method and precise transfer matrix method was proposed, which can calculate the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures. In the experiment, the linear excitation method was used to obtain the vibration response at each measuring point and the sound pressure at the underwater reference point, which were compared with the analytical calculation results. The analytical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental test results.

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针对含内部子结构的圆柱壳声辐射特性的预报问题,本文开展了含内部子结构圆柱壳声辐射特性的理论和实验相关研究。理论方面提出了一种基于缩聚传递函数法与直接刚度法和精细传递矩阵法相结合的混合计算方法,可计算得到含内部子结构圆柱壳的声辐射特性;实验方面采用线性激励法得到各个测点处的振动响应以及水下参考点位置处的声压,并与解析计算结果进行对比,解析计算结果与实验测试结果吻合良好。

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涂仕豪(2001-),男,博士研究生

喻敏(1978-),女,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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基于缩聚传递函数的复杂圆柱壳声辐射计算与实验研究
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涂仕豪 , 王献忠 , 张雷 , 喻敏 , 巴明飞 , 孙杰
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(9): 1492-1498
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(9): 1492-1498
基于缩聚传递函数的复杂圆柱壳声辐射计算与实验研究
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涂仕豪, 王献忠, 张雷, 喻敏 , 巴明飞, 孙杰
作者信息
  • 武汉理工大学 船海能动学院,武汉 430063
  • 涂仕豪(2001-),男,博士研究生

    喻敏(1978-),女,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Acoustic radiation calculation and experimental study of complex cylindrical shells based on condensed transfer function method
Shi-hao TU, Xian-zhong WANG, Lei ZHANG, Min YU , Ming-fei BA, Jie SUN
Affiliations
  • School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
出版时间: 2025-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.015
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针对含内部子结构的圆柱壳声辐射特性的预报问题,本文开展了含内部子结构圆柱壳声辐射特性的理论和实验相关研究。理论方面提出了一种基于缩聚传递函数法与直接刚度法和精细传递矩阵法相结合的混合计算方法,可计算得到含内部子结构圆柱壳的声辐射特性;实验方面采用线性激励法得到各个测点处的振动响应以及水下参考点位置处的声压,并与解析计算结果进行对比,解析计算结果与实验测试结果吻合良好。

内部子结构  /  圆柱壳  /  声辐射  /  实验测试

Aiming at the problem of predicting the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures, this paper carried out theoretical and experimental research on the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures. In theory, a hybrid calculation method based on the combination of condensed transfer function method, direct stiffness method and precise transfer matrix method was proposed, which can calculate the sound radiation characteristics of cylindrical shells with internal substructures. In the experiment, the linear excitation method was used to obtain the vibration response at each measuring point and the sound pressure at the underwater reference point, which were compared with the analytical calculation results. The analytical calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental test results.

internal substructure  /  cylindrical shell  /  sound radiation  /  experimental test
涂仕豪, 王献忠, 张雷, 喻敏, 巴明飞, 孙杰. 基于缩聚传递函数的复杂圆柱壳声辐射计算与实验研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (9) : 1492 -1498 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.015
Shi-hao TU, Xian-zhong WANG, Lei ZHANG, Min YU, Ming-fei BA, Jie SUN. Acoustic radiation calculation and experimental study of complex cylindrical shells based on condensed transfer function method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (9) : 1492 -1498 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.015
含内部子结构的复杂圆柱壳耦合结构在实际工程中应用十分广泛,往往被作为潜艇等水下潜器的简化模型进行研究,因此开展此类结构的声振特性研究具有重要的军事价值。针对圆柱壳以及含内部子结构的圆柱壳的声振特性,国内外学者进行了大量研究。Peterson等[1]基于扩展的瑞利-里兹法分析了带有纵向内板的圆柱壳的自由振动特性,得到了耦合结构的固有频率和模态分布。Maxit等[2]提出一种子结构法CAA来预测水下含轴对称内部结构(环肋、舱壁、端板等)圆柱壳的振动和辐射噪声。Takahashi等[3]则在圆柱壳内部增设圆形板,并分析了其振动特性。Meyer[4]等提出了CTF(condensed transfer function method)法来分析圆柱壳内部的非轴对称结构的振动特性。代路[5]等建立了弹性板-圆柱壳的耦合模型,以能量法为基础,借助瑞利-里兹能量法对其进行动力学分析,并探讨了该方法在复杂边界条件下的适用性。王献忠[6]等将CTF法与直接刚度法结合,计算分析了含内部子结构的圆柱壳的振动特性。赵芝梅[7]等提出的导纳功率流方法能够在宽频带内有效地计算板壳耦合结构的振动功率流特性。邹明松[8]等基于经典弹性板壳理论,通过半解析方法得到了两端圆板封闭圆柱壳的固有频率和振型。目前的研究多是针对含内部子结构圆柱壳的声振特性理论方法的研究,而对于实验研究涉及较少,因此亟需开展含内部子结构圆柱壳的声振特性的理论和实验相关研究。
本文采用基于缩聚传递函数法的混合计算方法,实现了含内部子结构圆柱壳的声振特性问题的求解。首先通过精细传递矩阵法得出圆柱壳的控制方程,然后选取合适的缩聚函数描述耦合线上的耦合力,将其代入总传递矩阵中求解外部声场,并且同步开展了相关结构的实验研究。
圆柱壳理论模型如图1(a)所示,h为圆柱壳的厚度,内部子结构的厚度与圆柱壳的厚度一致,L为圆柱壳的长度,R代表圆柱壳的半径,采用精细传递矩阵法描述圆柱壳的控制方程。根据Flügge壳体理论,当圆柱壳受到激励力和声压作用时,可以得到该结构的矩阵微分方程[9]
假设圆柱壳受到某一集中力的作用,集中力位置为(x0θ0),可以用狄拉克函数(Dirac delta function)来表示,通过正交变换计算将该集中力表示为
其中,
在传递矩阵法中,集中力的作用会使圆柱壳特定段的状态向量发生变化,需对每个集中力所在的位置求其传递矩阵。假设有集中力作用在位置i处,则该位置两端的状态向量之间关系为
式中,F=R/K[u  v  w  ϕ  fM  fS  fV  fN]T,分别对应状态向量中的8个参数。
对于第i分段,其状态向量传递关系为
将式(4)代入到式(3),可以得到Z(ξi)LZ(ξi+1)R的传递关系:
通过积分求得场传递矩阵Ti后代入式(5)中,可以将第i个离散点处的状态向量求解得到。
根据外流场中的声压满足Helmholtz方程及Sommerfeld边界条件,可以给出圆柱壳外部声场中的声压展开式的解为
式中,m=0,1,⋯Npmn为声压系数。kr为实数时,En()为第二类汉克尔函数,kr为虚数时,En()为修正后的诺伊曼函数。文献[9]中对(mn)阶波数广义声压作用下的外力项的求解进行了详细的推导,这里不再赘述。
根据线性叠加原理,对应任意阶周向波数下的径向位移满足:
式中,n阶波数下集中力作用下圆柱壳结构的径向位移,为(mn)阶波数下声压作用下圆柱壳结构的径向位移。
根据连续性条件,在流体与结构的接触面上,流体径向速度必须等于结构的径向速度:
沿着圆柱壳长度方向在圆柱壳结构表面进行配点,再将式(6)、式(8)代入式(7)中可以得到各波数对应的声压系数求解方程:
求解pmn代入到式(6)中,可以得到流场中的辐射声压。
本文以含内部平板子结构的圆柱壳为研究对象,平板在圆柱壳内部,位于圆柱壳中间位置,内部平板与圆柱壳通过耦合线1与耦合线2连接,耦合模型如图1(b)所示。
采用直接刚度法,分别建立平板(子结构a)和圆柱壳(子结构b)的振动微分方程如下:
式中,Mα分别为子结构αα∈(ab))的质量矩阵、复刚度矩阵和载荷向量,为子结构α的位移幅值。
当角频率ω确定时,可计算出结构的稳态位移振幅U0,如式(11)所示:
根据缩聚传递函数方法,各个子结构在耦合线上任意位置处的耦合力Fα和位移Uα可以用缩聚函数的线性组合表示:
式中,φn为缩聚函数,表示与缩聚函数φn相关的子结构αα∈(a,b))的力幅值;表示与缩聚函数φn相关子结构αα∈(a,b))的位移幅值。
若子结构α仅受到外载荷作用,此时该结构的位移可称为自由缩聚位移,其表达式为
将耦合结构解耦后,根据线性叠加原理,各解耦后的子结构响应为外激励力下的响应和耦合力作用下响应的叠加。对于子结构αα∈(ab)),在耦合线1和耦合线2上有
式中,Uα0δ表示子结构αα∈(ab))在受到外力和缩聚函数作用时,耦合线δδ∈(1,2))上各节点的位移响应;表示子结构αα∈(ab))在仅受到外力作用时,耦合线δδ∈(1,2))上各节点的自由缩聚位移;Uα1δ表示子结构αα∈(ab))在耦合线1上受到缩聚函数力作用时,耦合线δ(δ∈(1,2))上各节点的位移响应;Uα2δ表示子结构αα∈(ab))在耦合线2上受到缩聚函数力作用时,耦合线δδ∈(1,2))上各节点的位移响应;则分别表示作用在子结构α的耦合线1上和耦合线2上的缩聚函数力。
可得到子结构α在耦合线δδ∈(1,2))上相应的缩聚位移为
式中,为子结构α在缩聚函数作用在耦合线1上时,耦合线δδ∈(1,2))时的导纳;为子结构α在缩聚函数作用在耦合线2上时,耦合线δδ∈(1,2))时的导纳。
平板子结构a和圆柱壳子结构b在耦合线δδ∈(1,2))处需满足位移和力的连续性条件,引入缩聚函数,写为矩阵形式如下:
经过矩阵转换,式(16)可表示为
对式(17)左右两边同时左乘Y−1,即可得到该耦合结构在耦合线1或2上的耦合力,即与缩聚函数φn相关的子系统α的力幅值所组成的矩阵。耦合力Fα可以表示为缩聚函数的线性组合,如式(18)所示:
式(18)中的耦合力在笛卡尔坐标系中表示为6个自由度,对其进行坐标转换到圆柱壳所在的柱坐标系中,分别对应到F表达式中的各个方向受力的参数上,然后代入式(5)中,可以得到耦合结构的声振特性。
以含内部子结构的圆柱壳为例进行其声辐射特性计算,参考声辐射特性指标为观测点声压级、辐射声功率、径向均方振速级以及辐射效率。圆柱壳结构参数为:长度lc=0.5 m,半径rc=0.3 m,厚度hc=0.01 m;板的结构参数为:长度lp=0.5 m,宽度wp=0.6 m,厚度hp=0.01 m。不同子结构的材料参数保持一致:密度ρ=7850 kg/m3,阻尼损耗因子η=0.01,弹性模量E=210 GPa,泊松比µ=0.3。平板子结构和圆柱壳结构均在相同的笛卡尔坐标系中建模,且平板置于z=0的平面。激励力为作用于板中心位置的单位正弦激励力,方向沿着y轴方向垂直向下,频率范围为10~2000 Hz。圆柱壳两端简支,板两端自由。
图2为含内部子结构的圆柱壳声辐射特性的计算结果。可以看出,随着频率的增加,在参考点处圆柱壳的辐射声功率、辐射声压和辐射效率不断波动,整体呈上升趋势,在500 Hz之前增加迅速,500 Hz后趋于平稳,而圆柱壳的均方振速在整个计算频段内在20~80 dB内不断波动。
耦合模型包括圆柱壳和内部平板子结构两部分,均由钢制成。其材料参数为:密度ρ=7850 kg/m3,泊松比ν=0.3,弹性模量E=2.1×1011 Pa,阻尼损耗因子η=0.01。圆柱壳尺寸为:长lc=0.8 m,半径外侧距离圆心rc=0.265 m,厚度hc=0.008 m;内部子结构为一矩形平板,其尺寸为:长lp=0.8 m,宽wp=0.514 m,厚度hp=0.008 m。该平板的长边通过焊接与圆柱壳连接。端盖半径R=0.315 m,厚度hl=0.01 m,通过螺栓与圆柱壳相连。
强迫振动实验的测试系统如图3(a)所示,包括信号发生器、激振器、力传感器、功率放大器、水听器、数据采集仪和计算机。在开展水下声辐射实验研究时,通过激振器对含内部子结构的圆柱壳进行激励,激励点为平板中心位置,信号发生器设置频段为10~2000 Hz,频率步长为1 Hz,水听器的布置位置如图3(b)所示,在距离耦合模型壳体径向1 m处布放水听器阵列,该阵列由3个水听器垂直布置组成,最上面水听器距离水面0.5 m,第二个水听器位于前者位置向下0.3 m,第三个水听器再向下0.5 m。通过计算机对采集到的数据进行分析,得到各测点的声压曲线。
图4给出耦合模型声辐射响应实验值与理论值的对比,其中,先通过数据采集仪得到各个测点处的声压,再将耦合结构各个参考点所得到的声压进行转化得到该点的声压级实验值,而理论值为通过本文混合计算方法求解得到的计算结果。
图4(a)和图4(b)的曲线可以看出,在1000 Hz以下,本文方法的计算结果与实验值吻合较好,但随着频率的升高,本文方法的计算值与实验值误差增大,这与振动响应的计算结果是一致的。但整体来看,实验测试结果的曲线发生明显右移,说明结构的固有频率增大,这是因为本文混合算法仅在求解声辐射特性时考虑了流体声压对耦合结构的影响,在求解耦合力时忽略了流体影响,流体的存在会增大结构的附加质量,从而增大结构的固有频率。此外,本文方法中,由于假设圆柱壳两端存在无限大的障板,因此当水听器布置于壳体轴向长度以外时,其计算所得的声压理应存在较大的偏差,这也反应在图4(c)结果中,即第三个水听器位置处。
本文采用基于缩聚传递函数并结合精细传递矩阵法和直接刚度法的混合计算方法,实现了含内部子结构圆柱壳的声辐射特性问题的求解,并且开展了相关结构的声辐射实验研究,将实验值与理论值进行对比,可以得到以下结论:
(1)对于水中耦合结构的声辐射响应,由于本文方法仅在求解声辐射特性时考虑了流体声压对耦合结构的影响,在求解耦合力时忽略了流体影响,实验测试结果的频响曲线发生了明显右移。
(2)在目标频段,本文提出的基于缩聚传递函数法的混合算法的声振特性计算结果与实验测试结果两者一致性良好,这说明将本文混合算法应用于含内部子结构的圆柱壳声振特性分析是可靠的。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779201)
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2025年第29卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.09.015
  • 接收时间:2025-03-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-20
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51779201)
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    武汉理工大学 船海能动学院,武汉 430063

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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