Article(id=1243896236001050820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739721600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497573137, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497573137, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497573137, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497573137, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896229885751465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='8', pageStart='1181', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497571678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501555614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1319, endPage=1329, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896236324012250, articleId=1243896236001050820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Vibration characteristics analysis of underwater combined shells based on Ritz-Legendre spectral element method, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the fact that it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions for vibration problems of combined shells and it is hard to solve strongly coupled acoustic and vibration control equations, a Ritz-Legendre spectral element method was proposed to discuss the vibration characteristics of underwater conical-cylindrical-spherical shells. Based on Reissner shell theory, virtual spring technology and the displacement angle relationship of adjacent subshells, the theoretical structural model of the combined shells was established. The Legendre spectral element method was introduced to avoid the problem of discontinuity of normal derivative and discretize the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz boundary integral equation, then the theoretical model of underwater external sound field was constructed. Based on Fourier transform and coupled surface Euler equation, the coupled vibration control equation of underwater combined shells was obtained. Compared with FEM simulation results, the convergence, reliability and correctness of this method were verified. This method can provide theoretical reference for engineering application in the design stage.

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针对组合壳结构的振动问题不易获得解析解,同时求解其强耦合声振控制方程难度较大的现状,本文提出一种Ritz-Legendre谱方法研究水下锥-柱-球组合壳的振动特性。基于Reissner壳体理论、虚拟弹簧技术以及相邻子壳的位移与转角协调关系,建立锥-柱-球组合壳的理论模型。引入Legendre-Gauss谱单元避免法向导数不连续的问题,离散Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程,构建水下外声场理论模型。由傅里叶转换和耦合表面欧拉方程,得到水下组合壳的耦合振动控制方程。与FEM仿真结果的对比分析,验证了本文方法的收敛性、可靠性和正确性。该方法可为工程应用设计阶段提供理论参考。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张帅(1993-),男,博士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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张帅(1993-),男,博士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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Non-dimensional spring stiffness value and corresponding boundary conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件弹簧无量纲刚度参数
Γiu0ΓiulΓiv0ΓivlΓiw0ΓiwlΓ0Γl
F0000
S1031031030
C103103103103
), ArticleFig(id=1243896252270756741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896236001050820, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

弹簧无量纲刚度值及相应的各种边界条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件弹簧无量纲刚度参数
Γiu0ΓiulΓiv0ΓivlΓiw0ΓiwlΓ0Γl
F0000
S1031031030
C103103103103
), ArticleFig(id=1243896252333671302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896236001050820, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

First eight dimensionless frequencies of free vibration of conical-cylindrical-spherical shells with C-C boundary condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件模态阶数固有频率
M×NFEMError
3×104×105×106×10
C-C10.079 960.079 640.079 520.079 480.079 520.047%
20.085 370.085 160.085 100.085 090.085 070.027%
30.100 440.099 850.099 570.099 450.099 540.091%
40.108 990.108 850.108 810.108 810.108 730.071%
50.143 480.143 380.143 350.143 350.143 200.100%
60.147 230.145 860.145 070.144 700.144 790.062%
70.169 100.168 370.168 160.168 100.168 100.001%
80.181 140.180 230.179 750.179 590.179 670.045%
), ArticleFig(id=1243896252404974471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896236001050820, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

真空锥-柱-球组合壳自由振动前八阶无量纲频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
边界条件模态阶数固有频率
M×NFEMError
3×104×105×106×10
C-C10.079 960.079 640.079 520.079 480.079 520.047%
20.085 370.085 160.085 100.085 090.085 070.027%
30.100 440.099 850.099 570.099 450.099 540.091%
40.108 990.108 850.108 810.108 810.108 730.071%
50.143 480.143 380.143 350.143 350.143 200.100%
60.147 230.145 860.145 070.144 700.144 790.062%
70.169 100.168 370.168 160.168 100.168 100.001%
80.181 140.180 230.179 750.179 590.179 670.045%
), ArticleFig(id=1243896252476277640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896236001050820, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

First eight dimensionless frequencies of free vibration of underwater conical-cylindrical-spherical combined shells

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态m边界条件
F-FS-S
PresentFEMError 1PresentFEMError 2
10.013 210.013 532.422%0.039 580.039 950.934%
20.020 490.020 721.145%0.045 170.045 761.304%
30.039 420.039 881.181%0.045 580.046 020.963%
40.039 920.040 321.013%0.060 290.060 971.130%
50.045 300.045 751.002%0.061 370.061 870.809%
60.054 170.054 731.028%0.082 390.081 900.588%
70.061 070.061 871.305%0.084 270.085 391.329%
80.078 260.078 920.849%0.096 970.097 380.416%
), ArticleFig(id=1243896252547580809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896236001050820, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水下锥-柱-球组合壳自由振动前八阶无量纲频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态m边界条件
F-FS-S
PresentFEMError 1PresentFEMError 2
10.013 210.013 532.422%0.039 580.039 950.934%
20.020 490.020 721.145%0.045 170.045 761.304%
30.039 420.039 881.181%0.045 580.046 020.963%
40.039 920.040 321.013%0.060 290.060 971.130%
50.045 300.045 751.002%0.061 370.061 870.809%
60.054 170.054 731.028%0.082 390.081 900.588%
70.061 070.061 871.305%0.084 270.085 391.329%
80.078 260.078 920.849%0.096 970.097 380.416%
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基于Ritz-Legendre谱方法的锥柱球组合结构水下振动分析方法
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张帅 , 周福昌 , 李佩 , 王志朋
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(8): 1319-1329
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(8): 1319-1329
基于Ritz-Legendre谱方法的锥柱球组合结构水下振动分析方法
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张帅 , 周福昌, 李佩, 王志朋
作者信息
  • 武汉第二船舶设计研究所,武汉 430064
  • 张帅(1993-),男,博士,工程师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Vibration characteristics analysis of underwater combined shells based on Ritz-Legendre spectral element method
Shuai ZHANG , Fu-chang ZHOU, Pei LI, Zhi-peng WANG
Affiliations
  • Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430064, China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.014
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针对组合壳结构的振动问题不易获得解析解,同时求解其强耦合声振控制方程难度较大的现状,本文提出一种Ritz-Legendre谱方法研究水下锥-柱-球组合壳的振动特性。基于Reissner壳体理论、虚拟弹簧技术以及相邻子壳的位移与转角协调关系,建立锥-柱-球组合壳的理论模型。引入Legendre-Gauss谱单元避免法向导数不连续的问题,离散Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程,构建水下外声场理论模型。由傅里叶转换和耦合表面欧拉方程,得到水下组合壳的耦合振动控制方程。与FEM仿真结果的对比分析,验证了本文方法的收敛性、可靠性和正确性。该方法可为工程应用设计阶段提供理论参考。

锥-柱-球壳  /  Ritz-Legendre谱方法  /  自由振动  /  受迫振动  /  半解析法

In view of the fact that it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions for vibration problems of combined shells and it is hard to solve strongly coupled acoustic and vibration control equations, a Ritz-Legendre spectral element method was proposed to discuss the vibration characteristics of underwater conical-cylindrical-spherical shells. Based on Reissner shell theory, virtual spring technology and the displacement angle relationship of adjacent subshells, the theoretical structural model of the combined shells was established. The Legendre spectral element method was introduced to avoid the problem of discontinuity of normal derivative and discretize the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz boundary integral equation, then the theoretical model of underwater external sound field was constructed. Based on Fourier transform and coupled surface Euler equation, the coupled vibration control equation of underwater combined shells was obtained. Compared with FEM simulation results, the convergence, reliability and correctness of this method were verified. This method can provide theoretical reference for engineering application in the design stage.

conical-cylindrical-spherical shell  /  Ritz-Legendre spectral element method  /  free vibration  /  forced vibration  /  semi-analytical method
张帅, 周福昌, 李佩, 王志朋. 基于Ritz-Legendre谱方法的锥柱球组合结构水下振动分析方法. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1319 -1329 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.014
Shuai ZHANG, Fu-chang ZHOU, Pei LI, Zhi-peng WANG. Vibration characteristics analysis of underwater combined shells based on Ritz-Legendre spectral element method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1319 -1329 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.014
组合壳作为一种经典实用的结构,在船舶建造、航空航天、桥梁管道等多种工程项目的设计制造中得到广泛应用。在船舶工业领域,重流体介质中的结构振动与声辐射是热门的研究方向。以形如锥-柱-球组合而成的水下航行器为例,其外壳与外流场会形成一个复杂的流-固-声耦合物理系统,该系统的低频振动和噪声辐射与航行器的隐身性紧密相关。因此,如何准确地预报此类问题已成为近些年较为重要的一个课题。由于组合壳结构不容易获得解析解,同时求解其强耦合声振控制方程难度较大,现有关于组合壳结构振动的研究多集中在轻流体介质中,从机理上分析重流体介质中组合壳的振动及声辐射问题的方法较少。综上所述,针对水下组合壳结构的振动问题,开展理论研究具有重要的学术及工程应用价值。
近几十年来,已有不少科研人员针对简单结构的振动或声辐射问题进行了相关的研究。Li[1]提出了一种改进的傅里叶级数法研究两端简支梁的振动特性,此方法计算结果准确可靠,为研究复杂边界的壳类结构提供了重要的参考价值;王献忠等[2]以碳玻混杂纤维复合材料板为对象,开展了试验模型的模态、振动和水下噪声试验测试,试验表明提高碳玻两种纤维的分散度能有效降低结构的振动和声辐射;李凯等[3]综合考虑剪切变形和转动惯量,建立了计及静水压力的厚球壳声振耦合模型,分析了厚壁几何特征和静水压力对大潜深球壳声振特性的影响;叶海林等[4]基于模态叠加法理论,采用l1范数稀疏解方法,探究了影响水下双层圆柱壳振动声辐射的因素及规律;吴江海等[5]通过阻抗综合法,建立了管路-支撑-圆柱壳耦合结构振动计算模型,分析了该结构的振动功率流和声辐射特性;白振国等[6]采用虚源法建立了浅水环境中二维圆柱壳的振动声辐射数学物理模型,初步计算了浅水对圆柱壳振动声辐射的影响规律;Guo[7]研究了流体负载作用下弹性波在锥壳上的传播和辐射特性;李天匀等[8]基于波传播法建立了静水压力下圆锥壳声-固耦合振动模型,通过Galerkin法求解了不同静水压下的频率特性。
相比简单结构的振声性能分析而言,针对复杂组合壳结构的振动或声辐射研究则少了许多。Irie等[9]采用传递矩阵法研究了截顶圆锥-圆柱组合壳的振型及固有频率;Su等[10]基于一阶剪切理论,采用FSE法讨论了多种边界条件下锥壳、柱壳、球壳组合结构的自由振动特性;瞿叶高等[11]提出了一种改进的变分法来分析加环肋的锥柱锥组合壳的自由振动;邓乃旗等[12]基于半解析半数值法研究了水中环肋锥柱结合壳在低频范围内的结构振动特性;Caresta等[13]基于波动法和幂级数法分析了潜艇的结构和声学响应,通过与FEM方法计算结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性。
现有文献中对复杂组合壳在重流体介质中的振动特性的研究较少。部分研究此类问题的文献也多采用数值方法或者传统边界元法进行计算,无法回避传统边界元单元节点处的法向导数不连续的问题,现有关于水下组合壳振动的半解析方法有待进一步完善。
本文以锥-柱-球组合壳结构为研究对象,基于Reissner壳体理论得到各子壳能量方程,选取勒让德正交多项式和傅里叶级数的组合形式作为位移惩罚函数,采用虚拟弹簧技术计算边界和相邻子壳处的势能关系,建立组合壳的结构模型;然后,采用Legendre-Gauss谱单元避免法向导数不连续的问题,离散Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程,得到水下的声场模型;接着,通过外部流体声压对结构的外力功将结构和声场进行耦合,得到重流体环境中的流-固-声耦合模型;最后,采用里兹法求解强耦合控制方程,即可得到所需的物理量。通过与FEM数值软件结果的比较,验证本文方法的收敛性和准确性。
本文研究的锥-柱-球组合壳正剖面示意图如图1所示。用正交坐标系(αiβizi)描述组合壳,其中αβz分别表示母线方向、周向方向以及径向方向;uiviwi分别表示各子壳每个方向上的中面位移;Lihi分别表示壳体的长度和厚度,下标i=zcs分别表示圆锥壳、圆柱壳和球壳;截顶圆锥壳的小端半径为R1,大端半径为R2,半锥角为γ0;圆柱壳的半径为R2,球壳的半径为R2,半开角为ϕ0。假设各子壳厚度相等,均由各向同性且匀质等厚的同种材料构成,弹性模量、泊松比、密度分别为Eμρ。由参考文献[14]可知,当圆柱壳在水下潜深超过5倍半径时,自由液面的影响可以忽略;当圆柱壳位于大潜深区域内,流体静压的影响才较为明显。本文讨论的工况不在二者范围之内,因此忽略了自由液面和流体静压对结构的影响。
根据图1所示的组合壳几何模型,可将整个结构划分为三个子壳:圆锥壳、圆柱壳以及球壳。根据经典Reissner壳体理论[15],可以得到各子壳上任意一点的应变与位移的方程:
式中,εαiεβiεαβikαikβiταβi分别表示线应变、切应变、曲率改变量以及扭率改变量,AiBi为拉梅系数,RαiRβiαiβi的曲率半径。
由式(1)~(6)可以得到各子壳的势能Ui和动能Ti如下:
式中,Ki=Ehi/(1-μ2)和分别为子壳的薄膜刚度和弯曲刚度。
在得到各子壳的势能和动能之后,本文引入惩罚函数法[16]来计算结构连接与边界处的势能问题。采用三组平动弹簧和一组转动弹簧来保证相邻子壳位移与转角的连续性,还可以通过改变两端边界处的四组弹簧刚度值来模拟两端复杂的边界条件。
储存在截顶圆锥壳小端和球壳开口处的弹簧势能分别为
储存在圆锥壳与圆柱壳、圆柱壳与球壳连接处的弹簧势能分别为
式中,uzvzwzucvcwcusvsws分别表示相应位置处圆锥壳、圆柱壳以及球壳的中面位移;kzu0kzv0kzw0k0分别表示截顶圆锥壳小端的三组平动和一组转动弹簧的刚度值;ksulksvlkswlksθl分别表示球壳开口处的三组平动和一组转动弹簧的刚度值;kzcukzcvkzcwkzcθ分别表示锥-柱壳连接处的三组平动和一组转动弹簧的刚度值;kcsukcsvkcswkcsθ分别表示柱-球壳连接处的三组平动和一组转动弹簧的刚度值。
本文选用正交区间[-1,1]上权函数为1的勒让德多项式构造位移惩罚函数,是因为其本身具有优良的数学性质[17],同时能够满足后续结构与声场的适配要求,其表达式具体如下:
式中,Tmαi)表示第m阶勒让德多项式,MN分别表示勒让德多项式的阶数和周向波数的截断数,表示广义待定系数,j为虚数单位,ωi为角频率,t为时间。
锥柱球组合壳的声场柱坐标系如图2所示,其中原点O位于圆柱壳几何轴线的中心。根据Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程[18],场点P的声压可以表示为
式中,QrQθQzQ)为结构表面一点,PrPθPzP)为声场任意一点,GPQ)为自由空间格林函数,nQQ点的外法线方向,Va表示组合壳内部区域,Vb表示流场域,Sq表示组合壳的光滑表面,表示组合壳的边缘或拐角,rPQ表示P点与Q点的空间距离。
自由空间的格林函数方程如下:
式中,kf=ω/cf表示波数,ω表示圆频率,cf表示流体声速。
由几何关系可知:
对于轴对称结构的辐射问题,可以将结构表面压力prθz)和径向位移wrθz)展开为周向角度的傅里叶级数:
结构表面的声压pQ)与其表面的位移wQ)满足欧拉方程:
式中,ρf表示流体的密度。
将式(19)、(21)、(22)、(23)代入到式(17):
式中,β=θQ-θP
对格林函数以及其法向导数进行傅里叶变换:
将式(25)~(26)代入式(24),化简得到
式中,Γ为锥-柱-球组合壳的母线,gnhn分别为格林函数及其法向导数的积分。
为了求解公式(27),需要对其进行离散。为了使计算过程简便可行,保证结果准确可靠,此处沿着锥-柱-球组合壳母线方向,将每个子壳均划分为Ns段,且每段结构与谱边界元单元在几何上保持一致。由于分段导致相同子壳相邻两段之间产生的势能,可以参照式(11)得到。
本文选用Legendre-Gauss单元作为谱单元,不仅能保证所取谱点对应于高斯勒让德求积公式的求值点,而且可以避开传统边界元单元节点处的法向导数不连续的问题[19]。第k个谱单元上的局部物理量可以表示为
式中,rkζ)、zkζ)、pkζ)、rkzkpk分别为第k个单元上任一点和谱点的r坐标值、z坐标值和声压值,Niζ)为形函数,I+1和ζi分别为对应Legendre多项式的次数和根,ζ为局部坐标自变量参数。
将式(28)~(31)代入式(27),经过化简可以得到声场控制方程:
式中,C表示几何系数矩阵,HnGn分别表示与声压有关的系数矩阵和与径向位移有关的系数矩阵,pnwn分别表示声压系数向量和位移系数向量。
在重流体环境中,求解结构的振动以及声学问题时,必须考虑流体声压与结构的相互作用。由功能关系得到所有谱单元上流体声压对结构的功Wfa
本文采用简谐点激励分析锥-柱-球组合壳的振动特性。点激励力对结构的功Wfe可以表示如下:
式中,Pn表示位移和声压的装配矩阵,FuiFviFwi分别是点激励在轴向、周向、径向的分力,δ表示狄拉克函数,(αfeβfe)是点激励施加的位置坐标。
至此,可以得到水下锥-柱-球组合壳的拉格朗日能量方程:
式中,UikTik分别表示分段后每段子壳的应变能和动能,Viik表示分段后相同子壳相邻两段之间的势能。
根据里兹法和哈密顿原则,相关待定系数可以通过数学变分的过程得到:
然后可以得到锥-柱-球组合壳的流-固-声耦合控制方程:
式中,q表示全局待定系数向量,K为结构的刚度矩阵,M为结构的质量矩阵,Fe表示广义力向量,Fa表示流体声压作用矩阵。
求解公式(37)即可得到水下锥-柱-球结构的自由振动以及受迫振动特性。
本章通过一些数值算例来验证本文方法计算水下锥-柱-球组合壳振动问题的收敛性及正确性。取无量纲频率Ω=ωR2[ρ(1-μ2)/Ε]0.5,无量纲平动弹簧刚度参数,无量纲转动弹簧刚度参数Γir=KrRi/DktKr分别表示三组平动和一组转动弹簧的刚度值,Ri为子壳半径,Di为弯曲刚度。四组弹簧无量纲刚度值及其对应的边界条件如表1所示。表中F表示自由边界,S表示硬简支边界,C表示固支边界。锥柱球组合壳两端沿圆周方向线性分布一周的线弹簧,如图3所示,Γiu0Γiv0Γiw0Γ0分别表示限制锥壳端轴向、周向、法向以及转角的无量纲平动弹簧刚度参数,ΓiulΓivlΓiwlΓl分别表示限制球壳端轴向(母线方向)、周向、法向以及转角的无量纲平动弹簧刚度参数。当上述刚度参数分别选取表1中的数值时,即可实现不同边界条件的模拟。
首先验证本文方法的收敛性。以锥-柱-球组合壳结构在真空中的自由振动为例验证本文方法的收敛性。选取组合壳的几何参数和材料参数如下:R1=0.4 m,R2=1 m,Lz=1.2 m,Lc=2.5 m,hz=hc=hs=0.01 m,γ0=30°,ϕ0=30°,E=210 GPa,μ=0.3,ρ=7800 kg/m3。取子壳分段数Ns=4,改变M大小得到不同阶数的固有频率,同时采用FEM法进行了结果对比验证,具体如表2所示。其中相对误差公式为Error=|fp-f|/f×100%,fpf分别表示本文方法和FEM方法的计算结果。
分析表2数据可知,锥-柱-球组合壳自由振动的无量纲固有频率随截断数M的增大而逐渐趋于稳定,最终收敛结果与FEM的计算结果吻合较好。可以发现,当M=6,N=10时已满足计算精度的要求,因此在后文计算中位移惩罚函数的截断数取上述数值。另外,从图4可以看出,本文方法得到的振型与FEM所得基本一致,表明该方法对于求解真空中组合壳结构的振动问题具有较高的准确性和适用性,能够为后文计算组合壳的强耦合模态提供技术支撑。
组合壳的模型参数与2.1节相同。海水的密度和声速分别为ρf=1025 kg/m3Cf=1500 m/s。声学边界单元上的r坐标、z坐标和声压均采用I=2的Legendre-Gauss单元展开。组合壳两端没有封口,假设两端有虚拟的刚性声障板保证整个结构闭合。经本文方法和FEM计算,得到水下锥-柱-球组合壳在F-F和S-S边界条件下的前8阶无量纲固有频率,具体如表3所示(自由振动的刚体模态已剔除)。
表3的数据可以看出,F-F和S-S边界条件下两种方法求得的无量纲频率相差较小,表明了本文方法的准确性。图5给出了S-S边界条件下,水下组合壳的某阶振型对比图,可以发现二者吻合较好,表明了本文方法的可靠性。另外,对比表2表3中的误差可以发现,水下的结构固有频率的误差相比真空中要大,这是由于二者动力学控制方程不一样导致的,真空中的动力学方程属于线性方程可通过传统的特征值方法直接求出,而水下的动力学方程属于非线性方程,需要通过迭代或者搜根的方式求出,因此在计算精度上会有一定的差别。
将S-S边界下水中和空气中的固有频率进行比较,如图6所示,可以发现重流体介质对结构的振动具有显著的影响。水中组合壳结构振动的固有频率明显小于同阶空气中的固有频率,这是由于附连水效应导致的。本文方法可为准确分析附连水效应,揭示其物理机理提供参考价值。
组合壳的模型参数可以参照2.2节。在1.1节物理模型的局部坐标系下,选取观测点A(5/6Lz,0)、Bπ/6,0),分别位于锥壳和球壳上。单位简谐点激励Fe=ejωt,沿柱壳zc负方向作用于C(1/2Lc,0)点处。取组合壳的边界条件为S-C,简谐激励力频率为1~100 Hz,扫频间隔为1 Hz。定义径向位移级W=20log10(|w|/w0),参考位移w0=10−12 m。观测点AB点的谐响应如图7所示。
图7可见,本文方法和FEM得到的AB两点的频响曲线,除了少数峰值因数值误差有些出入外,绝大部分都吻合较好,证明了该方法的适用性和准确性。
本文提出了一种Ritz-Legendre谱方法对水下锥-柱-球组合壳的自由及受迫振动问题进行了分析。首先,基于Reissner壳体理论和虚拟弹簧技术建立了组合壳的结构模型,然后引入Legendre谱单元法离散Kirchhoff-Helmholtz边界积分方程,得到声场控制方程。Legendre-Gauss谱单元具有方便求解积分、避免节点处的法向导数不连续的优点。最后,采用里兹法求解耦合控制方程,可以得到所需组合壳的相关物理量,将本文计算的频率、振型以及谐响应曲线与FEM数值软件结果进行对比,能够清楚地看到吻合较好,从而验证了本文方法的收敛性和准确性,即Ritz-Legendre谱方法求解水下组合壳的振动问题具有很好的收敛性、适应性和准确性。研究结果可为进一步进行水下复杂结构的声辐射研究提供方法依据。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.014
  • 接收时间:2025-02-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-17
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国防科技创新特区项目(23-TQ02-03-ZT-01-007)
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    武汉第二船舶设计研究所,武汉 430064

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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