Article(id=1243896235363516591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740067200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497572984, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497572984, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497572984, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497572984, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896229885751465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='8', pageStart='1181', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497571678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501555614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1277, endPage=1287, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896235661312184, articleId=1243896235363516591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Calculation method of stress intensity factor at the deepest point of crack based on high order polynomial fitting, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to accurately calculate the stress intensity factor at the deepest point during the crack propagation process of high-pressure vessels, a method was proposed for fitting the stress data with high-order polynomials and then calculating the stress intensity factor. Taking the crack at the opening of a high-pressure vessel as an example, based on stress data collected with varying data volumes, polynomial fitting of varying degrees was employed to calculate the stress intensity factor at the deepest point of each crack depth. The influence of polynomial degree and data collection volume on the calculation results was analyzed, and the calculation results of this method were compared and validated against the linear interpolation method in the literature. The research results indicate that as the increase of polynomial degree, the characterization accuracy of the fitted curve improves, and the calculation results gradually converge and stablize. The relative error between the calculation results using low-order (third-order) and high-order polynomial fitting shows an "inverted S" trend, with a minimum relative error of about −20%; As the amount of data increases, the calculation results gradually converge, and the relative error of the calculation results under lower and higher data volumes shows a trend of oscillation attenuation, with a maximum relative error of about 7.1%; The calculation results based on high-order polynomial fitting and piecewise linear interpolation are basically consistent, indicating that this method has certain reliability and is suitable for calculating the stress intensity factor at the deepest point during crack propagation.

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为了准确地计算出高压容器裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子,本文提出了将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,进而计算应力强度因子的方法。文中以高压容器开孔处裂纹为例,基于不同采集数据量下的应力数据,使用不同次数的多项式拟合,计算了各个裂纹深度下的最深点处应力强度因子,分析了多项式次数及采集数据量对计算结果的影响,对比验证了本方法与文献中线性插值方法的计算结果。对比研究结果表明,随着多项式次数的增加,拟合曲线的表征精度越高,计算结果逐渐逼近并趋于稳定,低阶(三次)与高阶多项式拟合的计算结果相对误差呈现出“倒S”型趋势,最小相对误差约为−20%;随着数据量的增加,计算结果逐渐收敛,较低与较高数据量下的计算结果相对误差呈现出震荡衰减的趋势,最大相对误差约为7.1%;基于高阶多项式拟合与分段线性插值的计算结果基本重合,表明本方法具有一定的可靠性,并适用于裂纹扩展过程中最深点处应力强度因子的计算。

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汪志福(1986-),男,硕士,高级工程师,E-mail:

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汪志福(1986-),男,硕士,高级工程师,E-mail:

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汪志福(1986-),男,硕士,高级工程师,E-mail:

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基于高阶多项式拟合的裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的计算方法研究
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汪志福 , 范志超 , 秦宗川 , 牛铮 , 范海俊 , 戴兴旺
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(8): 1277-1287
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(8): 1277-1287
基于高阶多项式拟合的裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的计算方法研究
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汪志福 , 范志超, 秦宗川, 牛铮, 范海俊, 戴兴旺
作者信息
  • 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 国家压力容器与管道安全工程技术研究中心,合肥 230031
  • 汪志福(1986-),男,硕士,高级工程师,E-mail:

Calculation method of stress intensity factor at the deepest point of crack based on high order polynomial fitting
Zhi-fu WANG , Zhi-chao FAN, Zong-chuan QIN, Zheng NIU, Hai-jun FAN, Xing-wang DAI
Affiliations
  • National Technology Research Center on Pressure Vessel and Pipeline Safety Engineering, Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, Hefei 230031, China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.010
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为了准确地计算出高压容器裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子,本文提出了将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,进而计算应力强度因子的方法。文中以高压容器开孔处裂纹为例,基于不同采集数据量下的应力数据,使用不同次数的多项式拟合,计算了各个裂纹深度下的最深点处应力强度因子,分析了多项式次数及采集数据量对计算结果的影响,对比验证了本方法与文献中线性插值方法的计算结果。对比研究结果表明,随着多项式次数的增加,拟合曲线的表征精度越高,计算结果逐渐逼近并趋于稳定,低阶(三次)与高阶多项式拟合的计算结果相对误差呈现出“倒S”型趋势,最小相对误差约为−20%;随着数据量的增加,计算结果逐渐收敛,较低与较高数据量下的计算结果相对误差呈现出震荡衰减的趋势,最大相对误差约为7.1%;基于高阶多项式拟合与分段线性插值的计算结果基本重合,表明本方法具有一定的可靠性,并适用于裂纹扩展过程中最深点处应力强度因子的计算。

高阶多项式拟合  /  高压容器  /  裂纹最深点处  /  应力强度因子  /  计算方法

In order to accurately calculate the stress intensity factor at the deepest point during the crack propagation process of high-pressure vessels, a method was proposed for fitting the stress data with high-order polynomials and then calculating the stress intensity factor. Taking the crack at the opening of a high-pressure vessel as an example, based on stress data collected with varying data volumes, polynomial fitting of varying degrees was employed to calculate the stress intensity factor at the deepest point of each crack depth. The influence of polynomial degree and data collection volume on the calculation results was analyzed, and the calculation results of this method were compared and validated against the linear interpolation method in the literature. The research results indicate that as the increase of polynomial degree, the characterization accuracy of the fitted curve improves, and the calculation results gradually converge and stablize. The relative error between the calculation results using low-order (third-order) and high-order polynomial fitting shows an "inverted S" trend, with a minimum relative error of about −20%; As the amount of data increases, the calculation results gradually converge, and the relative error of the calculation results under lower and higher data volumes shows a trend of oscillation attenuation, with a maximum relative error of about 7.1%; The calculation results based on high-order polynomial fitting and piecewise linear interpolation are basically consistent, indicating that this method has certain reliability and is suitable for calculating the stress intensity factor at the deepest point during crack propagation.

high-order polynomial fitting  /  high pressure vessel  /  the deepest point of crack  /  stress intensity factor  /  computing method
汪志福, 范志超, 秦宗川, 牛铮, 范海俊, 戴兴旺. 基于高阶多项式拟合的裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的计算方法研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1277 -1287 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.010
Zhi-fu WANG, Zhi-chao FAN, Zong-chuan QIN, Zheng NIU, Hai-jun FAN, Xing-wang DAI. Calculation method of stress intensity factor at the deepest point of crack based on high order polynomial fitting[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1277 -1287 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.010
高压及超高压容器将在我国氢能、深空、深地、深海和新型石油化工等领域得到大力发展,由于其服役环境的极端性,使用过程中的安全风险也急剧上升[1-2]。高压容器的应力水平很高且分布不均匀,因此制造材料往往采用高强钢[3]。一般来说,高强钢的耐疲劳性能相对较差,对裂纹类的缺陷更易敏感,因而在生产和使用过程中容易产生各种初始缺陷(尤其在几何不连续部位,应力集中效应会更加显著),其中初始裂纹是疲劳失效的主要隐患,这些裂纹易在循环交变载荷的作用下持续扩展,最终导致破裂[4-5]
我国的GB/T 34019《超高压容器》及美国的ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.3《高压容器建造另一规则》规定:如果无法确保容器会以“未爆先漏”(Leak-Before-Break,LBB)的失效模式运行,即无法保证裂纹在扩展到临界尺寸之前会先发生泄漏,那么必须采用断裂力学的方法对容器的典型部位进行疲劳分析。典型部位及裂纹如图1所示,分别为A型~F型表面裂纹。疲劳评定过程主要基于裂纹疲劳扩展速率计算模型(一般为经典的Paris方程)来进行数值求解,采用逐步减小步长Δa的方法进行迭代计算直至收敛。通过裂纹扩展分析及设计循环次数的计算,可以有效评估容器的疲劳寿命,确保其在设计寿命内的安全运行。计算过程中,需要准确地计算出裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子。
对于压力容器筒壁上的裂纹,袁舒梦等[6]研究了GB/T 34 019与ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.3在计算筒体内壁轴-径向裂纹应力强度因子的差异;石凯凯等[7]采用Zencrack软件,研究了反应堆压力容器堆芯筒体内表面含半圆形轴向裂纹在瞬态载荷下的裂纹形貌及应力强度因子变化规律;秦忠宝等[8]通过ANSYS有限元软件,建立内压作用下含裂纹三维模型,分析了不同倾角以及交错角情况下裂纹应力强度因子的变化规律。对于接管处的裂纹,张丽屏等[9]采用含裂纹的三维有限元法和简化工程算法计算了压力与热载荷作用下的接管嘴内隅角应力强度因子,并对比分析了两种方法的计算结果;占勇等[10]采用有限元法和符合使用规范中的影响函数法计算了断裂力学参数,对比了不同方法中反应堆压力容器接管区角裂纹应力强度因子计算结果的差异;王大胜等[11]通过建立含裂纹的三维有限元模型,分析了在接管载荷单独作用、内压与接管载荷共同作用下裂纹尖端应力强度因子的分布和变化规律。对于超高压容器开孔处裂纹,汪志福等[12]基于椭圆形表面裂纹的通用权函数,提出了一种将应力数据进行离散化分段插值的思路,并与有限元方法进行了对比验证,发现了基于线性插值方法计算的可靠性。
本文基于椭圆形表面裂纹的通用权函数理论,在分段线性插值方法的基础上进行了改进,提出了将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,进而计算出裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的方法。针对此方法,本文分析了基于高阶多项式拟合的应力分布表征精度,分析了多项式次数及采集数据量对裂纹最深点处应力强度因子计算结果的影响,对比验证了本方法与文献中所述的基于线性插值方法的计算结果。
应力强度因子影响系数Gi为裂纹面上不同参考载荷下对应的值,参考载荷σix)的分布形式可表示为[13-17]
式中,x为裂纹面坐标,单位为mm;a为裂纹深度,单位为mm;σ0为在裂纹深度为a时的应力,单位为MPa;i=0,1,2,3,…,n分别表示均布载荷、线性载荷、二次载荷、三次载荷及n次载荷。
应力强度因子影响系数Gi
式中,KIσi)为不同参考载荷类型下裂纹前缘的应力强度因子,单位为Q为椭圆形裂纹的形状系数。
Bueckner[18]和Rice[19]提出了计算裂纹应力强度因子的权函数法,可适用于应力分布很复杂的环境,是一种非常高效的计算方法,即
式中,σx)为裂纹面上的应力分布,mxa)为权函数。裂纹形式及坐标见图2
权函数是一种与裂纹几何形状和加载条件相关的函数,对于给定的裂纹体几何形状和裂纹尺寸,权函数描述了单位裂纹面上的虚拟位移或应力所引起的裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化[20-21]。Glinka[22和Zheng等[23]在二维权函数的基础上,提出了计算半椭圆表面裂纹最深点处的通用权函数:
式中,M1~M4为裂纹最深点处的通用权函数系数,无量纲。
裂纹最深点处的应力强度因子为
高压容器规则部位的弹性应力分布可以用经典的解析法计算,而在局部不连续部位,则根据容器的结构及载荷条件采用数值计算方法进行弹性应力分析。根据理论分析或数值计算的结果,可得出垂直于裂纹面的应力数据。对于规则的结构连续部位,应力分布一般比较平缓,可采用常规的三次多项式拟合;对于局部不连续结构部位,应力梯度往往很大,采用常规的三次多项式拟合精度不佳,故将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,然后基于应力强度因子影响系数及通用权函数的理论进行推导。
对于高压容器萌生的椭圆形表面裂纹,裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的主要计算过程如图3所示。
(1)拟合的高阶多项式表达式为
式中,A0An为高阶多项式的拟合系数,为不同参考载荷类型下在裂纹深度为a时的应力,单位为MPa;x为裂纹自由表面起至裂纹最深点的距离,单位为mm;a为椭圆形裂纹深度,单位为mm。
实际计算过程中,尤其是在裂纹扩展计算时,一般提取沿着裂纹扩展平面直至外壁方向上的应力数据,并进行如下高阶多项式拟合:
式中,x为裂纹自由表面起至外壁的距离,单位为mm;t为裂纹自由表面起至外壁的深度,单位为mm。
然后,求取所需的拟合系数Ai
(2)裂纹形状系数为
式中,l为椭圆形裂纹长度,单位为mm。
(3)应力强度因子为
综上分析,式(10)中KI的计算关键是Gi值的确定,将式(1)~(2)和式(5)关联,得到以下方程组:
对于高压容器的表面裂纹,最深点处的应力强度因子影响系数G0G3可按ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.3中的Table D-401.1取值,而G4Gn则根据式(11)计算,G4G7的计算结果如图4所示。
某台常温工作下的高压(200 MPa)容器的筒体存在一处径向开孔,结构如图5所示。通过ANSYS按1/4对称模型对此进行弹性应力分析,分析结果如图6所示,应力最大点在轴向平面开孔的倒圆角处,即起裂点。按照ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.3的规定,筒壁上开孔处的裂纹可假想由起裂点沿着轴向平面的45°方向扩展,对此可得出沿路径上垂直于裂纹面上的正应力。
(1)基于高阶多项式拟合的应力分布表征精度
按本文的计算步骤,沿着裂纹扩展路径采集的数据量j分别为9、19、29、39、49组时,将应力数据采用最小二乘法依次进行高阶多项式拟合,多项式次数n分别为3、4、5、6、7,拟合曲线对比结果如图7所示。
图7中可以明显看出,相同的采集数据量下,采用三次多项式拟合,拟合得出的曲线与应力分布趋势相差较大,拟合精度不高;而随着多项式次数的增加,拟合曲线愈加符合应力分布的走势,拟合曲线的可决系数R2(度量拟合优度的统计量)逐渐逼近1,表明拟合精度随着多项式次数的增加而越高。另外,当采集数据量j较少时,不同多项式次数下的拟合曲线之间的偏差较大;反之,则偏差较小。
(2)多项式次数对计算结果的影响
按裂纹深长比为1/2时,依据高阶多项式拟合系数、应力强度因子影响系数及裂纹形状系数,可求解出在增量步长Δa为0.1 mm时各个裂纹深度下最深点处的应力强度因子,如图8所示。图中的Δ表示为多项式次数n为3与7之间的计算结果相对误差。
图8中可以看出,相同的采集数据量下,计算结果随着多项式次数的增加逐渐逼近,多项式次数n为6与7之间的计算结果趋于重合。在裂纹浅的区域,多项式次数较低的计算结果偏小,随着裂纹深度的增加,多项式次数较低的计算结果则偏大,使得相对误差由负值转为正值并达到峰值;而后不同多项式次数下的计算结果接近。从n为3与7之间的计算结果相对误差来看,呈现出倒“S”型趋势,即先快速增长、快速下降、后缓慢下降平缓增长的趋势。在j为49组时,最小相对误差约为−20%;在j为9组时,最大相对误差约为20%,主要是因为两者之间的拟合曲线误差较大。因而,在计算应力强度因子时,为使拟合曲线能较准确地表征应力分布走势,选取的多项式次数应较高,建议选取可决系数R2大于0.99的拟合曲线。
(3)采集数据量对计算结果的影响
当多项式次数n为6、7及采集数据量j分别为9、19、29、39、49组时,求解各个裂纹深度下最深点处的应力强度因子,如图9所示。图中的Δ表示为数据量j为9组与49组之间的计算结果相对误差。
图9中可以看出,相同的多项式次数时,随着数据量的持续增加,计算结果表现出逐渐收敛的趋势,当j为39组时,计算结果趋于稳定。相比于数据量j为49组的计算结果,数据量较少时的计算结果一直偏大,相对误差一直为正值。从数据量j为9组与49组之间的计算结果相对误差来看,呈现出震荡衰减的趋势:先快速增长、快速下降,到达第一个波峰后,变为缓慢增长、缓慢下降,到达第二个波峰,第二个波峰的峰值明显比第一个小得多。多项式次数n为6时的相对误差峰值约为7.1%,多项式次数n为7时的相对误差峰值约为6.9%。因而,为了准确地计算裂纹最深点处的应力强度因子,应采集较多的数据量。
在裂纹深长比为1/2(半圆形)时,按文献[12]所述的方法将应力数据进行多段离散化及线性插值求解,并按照本文所提的方法将应力数据进行7次多项式拟合及应力强度因子计算求解,计算结果如图10所示。
图10中可以明显看出,在数据量j为39组与49组时,两种方法的计算结果几乎重合,主要是因为两种方法对应力数据的表征精度都极高,从而使得两者之间的吻合度很高。本文所述的计算结果是在增量步长Δa为0.1 mm时计算出来的,由于高阶多项式拟合的曲线是一段连续函数,可计算出Δa为任意值时的应力强度因子;而文献[12]中的线性插值方法是多段线性函数,主要计算出插值数据点处的裂纹最深点的应力强度因子值。裂纹疲劳扩展作为一个动态渐进过程,采用的是数值积分方法,需要计算出裂纹每增长步Δa下的应力强度因子值,并且步长Δa值会设定很小,在这种情况下,线性插值的方法需要大量的原始数据。因而,本文所述的方法可适用于裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子计算,并涵盖了常规的三次多项式拟合。
为了准确地计算出高压容器裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子,基于椭圆形表面裂纹的通用权函数理论,本文提出了将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,进而求解裂纹最深点处应力强度因子的计算方法。以开孔处裂纹为例,通过计算分析与对比,得出如下结论:
(1)将应力数据进行高阶多项式拟合,相同的采集数据量下,随着多项式次数的增加,拟合精度越高,拟合曲线愈加符合应力分布的走势。
(2)从多项式次数对计算结果的影响来看,随着多项式次数的增加,计算结果逐渐逼近并趋于稳定,主要是因为随着多项式次数的增加,拟合曲线精度增加,从而使得计算结果逐渐收敛。低阶(三次)与高阶多项式拟合的计算结果相对误差呈现出倒“S”型趋势,先快速增长、快速下降,后缓慢下降平缓增长,最小相对误差可接近−20%。因而,为准确地计算出裂纹最深点处的应力强度因子,选取的多项式次数应较高,建议选取可决系数R2大于0.99的拟合曲线。
(3)从采集数据量对计算结果的影响来看,相同的拟合多项式次数下,计算结果随着数据量的增加逐渐收敛,较低与较高数据量下的计算结果相对误差呈现出震荡衰减的趋势,最大相对误差约7.1%。因而,计算裂纹最深点处的应力强度因子时,应采集较多的数据量。
(4)将本文所述的基于高阶多项式拟合的计算结果与文献中的分段线性插值的计算结果进行对比,两者基本重合,表明了本文所述的计算方法具有一定的可靠性,适用于裂纹扩展过程中最深点处的应力强度因子计算。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003003)
  • 工信部高质量发展专项项目(TC220A04W-3、188)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.010
  • 接收时间:2025-02-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-21
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003003)
工信部高质量发展专项项目(TC220A04W-3、188)
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    合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 国家压力容器与管道安全工程技术研究中心,合肥 230031
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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