Article(id=1243896235011195040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497572901, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497572901, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497572901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497572901, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896229885751465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='8', pageStart='1181', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497571678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501555614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1271, endPage=1276, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896235317379245, articleId=1243896235011195040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Broadband measurement and analysis of dynamic mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials under controllable water pressure, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Combining the resonance method and the direct wave extracting method, the dynamic mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials in a continuous and wide frequency range under controllable water pressure were measured. A pressure chamber test system capable of realizing underwater pressurization was built, a short time broadband impulse generated by an electromagnetic shaker was employed to excite a bar-like sample attached inside the pressure vessel. On one hand, the resonance method was used to calculate the mechanical parameters at resonance frequencies while on the other hand, the direct wave signal was extracted, and the mechanical parameters in a wide frequency range were calculated by the wave velocity method. The broadband mechanical parameters (including the storage modulus and loss factor) under variable water pressure conditions (0.1-6 MPa) for two types of viscoelastic materials were obtained. The experimental results agree well with each other, proving the test method in this paper could directly determine the Young’s modulus at frequencies ranging from 500 Hz to 5000 Hz under variable water pressure. This method provides simplified processing for underwater dynamic mechanical parameter measurements.

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结合共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法,实现水中加压条件下黏弹性材料连续宽频范围的动态力学参数测试。搭建可实现水下加压的压力舱测试系统,以短时宽带脉冲作为测试激励信号,利用激光测振仪采集细棒激振端与自由端的纵向振动速度信号。一方面以共振法计算共振频率处的力学参数,另一方面提取直达波信号,以波速法计算宽频范围的力学参数,二者测试结果吻合良好,验证了本方法的有效性。本文测试方法适用于水下加压条件,有效测试频带范围宽,测试效率高。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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刘哲(1995-),男,博士研究生

侯宏(1966-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

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水压条件下黏弹性材料动态力学参数的宽带测试与分析
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刘哲 , 张子璇 , 张杰 , 侯宏
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(8): 1271-1276
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(8): 1271-1276
水压条件下黏弹性材料动态力学参数的宽带测试与分析
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刘哲, 张子璇, 张杰, 侯宏
作者信息
  • 西北工业大学,西安 710072
  • 刘哲(1995-),男,博士研究生

    侯宏(1966-),男,教授,博士生导师,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Broadband measurement and analysis of dynamic mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials under controllable water pressure
Zhe LIU, Zi-xuan ZHANG, Jie ZHANG, Hong HOU
Affiliations
  • Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.009
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结合共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法,实现水中加压条件下黏弹性材料连续宽频范围的动态力学参数测试。搭建可实现水下加压的压力舱测试系统,以短时宽带脉冲作为测试激励信号,利用激光测振仪采集细棒激振端与自由端的纵向振动速度信号。一方面以共振法计算共振频率处的力学参数,另一方面提取直达波信号,以波速法计算宽频范围的力学参数,二者测试结果吻合良好,验证了本方法的有效性。本文测试方法适用于水下加压条件,有效测试频带范围宽,测试效率高。

水下加压  /  动态力学参数测试  /  直达波提取  /  共振法

Combining the resonance method and the direct wave extracting method, the dynamic mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials in a continuous and wide frequency range under controllable water pressure were measured. A pressure chamber test system capable of realizing underwater pressurization was built, a short time broadband impulse generated by an electromagnetic shaker was employed to excite a bar-like sample attached inside the pressure vessel. On one hand, the resonance method was used to calculate the mechanical parameters at resonance frequencies while on the other hand, the direct wave signal was extracted, and the mechanical parameters in a wide frequency range were calculated by the wave velocity method. The broadband mechanical parameters (including the storage modulus and loss factor) under variable water pressure conditions (0.1-6 MPa) for two types of viscoelastic materials were obtained. The experimental results agree well with each other, proving the test method in this paper could directly determine the Young’s modulus at frequencies ranging from 500 Hz to 5000 Hz under variable water pressure. This method provides simplified processing for underwater dynamic mechanical parameter measurements.

controllable water pressure  /  dynamic mechanical parameter  /  direct wave extracting  /  resonance method
刘哲, 张子璇, 张杰, 侯宏. 水压条件下黏弹性材料动态力学参数的宽带测试与分析. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1271 -1276 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.009
Zhe LIU, Zi-xuan ZHANG, Jie ZHANG, Hong HOU. Broadband measurement and analysis of dynamic mechanical parameters of viscoelastic materials under controllable water pressure[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1271 -1276 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.009
黏弹性材料是水下减振降噪工程的重要材料。掌握材料力学参数随压力、温度、频率的变化规律对于结构设计至关重要,因此,水压条件下黏弹性材料动态力学参数的精准测试是水下结构设计的关键问题之一[1-2]。动态力学参数的测试已有多种方法被研究并应用[3-11]
Guillot等[7-8]结合传统的共振法与波速法,在压力容器中实现了棒状试样的激光振动测试,获得了特定温度与压力条件下材料在数个频点上的弹性模量。由于激振信号的限制,传统的共振法与波速法过程繁琐,有效测试频率点较少。He等[9]测试细棒的共振曲线,由曲线3 dB带宽计算得到材料的损耗因子,继而计算出材料共振频率处的储能模量和损耗模量。上述方法均属于单频测试方法。侯宏等[10]在波速法基础上对激励信号和测试方法进行了改进,提出长短棒法,实现了1~5 kHz连续宽频范围的力学参数测试。Wei等[11]分析细棒纵向振动时激振端、自由端响应与自由端处直达波的关系,提出了能够提取直达波的改进波速法,拓宽了测试范围,实现了常温常压下200 Hz~6 kHz频率范围的有效测试。
本文旨在提出水压条件下简便准确、连续宽频范围的力学参数测试方法。首先,在压力舱测试装置中以宽频短脉冲对细棒试样进行激振,实现水压条件下的黏弹性材料细棒的纵振动测试;一方面,对宽频脉冲测试信号应用共振法分析,以发生共振的相位条件找出宽频范围内的共振频率,再以共振频率处的振幅比通过共振法公式计算力学参数;另一方面,在基于直达波提取的波速法基础上,计算提取出各个水压条件下的脉冲直达波,根据波速法公式计算不同压力条件下连续宽频范围的力学参数;最后,将两种思路获得的储能模量和损耗因子进行对比验证。测试结果表明,在500 Hz~5 kHz频段内,通过两种方法计算获得的水压条件下的储能模量与损耗因子吻合良好。
图1所示,一根密度为ρ、长度为l、横截面积为s的黏弹性细棒,在x=0处垂直固定于激振器表面,在x=l处自由。
记自由端和固定端纵向振动位移的比值为Q,当Q的相角满足式(1)时,即达到共振[7],对应的频率称为共振频率。
容易得到损耗角δ以及复杨氏模量的模E的表达式[7-8]分别如下所示:
继而可得材料的损耗因子tan δ和储能模量E′=E·tanδ
传统的共振法[7-8]使用正弦信号作为测试信号,每次只能测出一个共振频率上的力学参数,测试过程繁琐。而本文以宽频短时脉冲作为测试信号,此时细棒的纵向振动响应是每个振动频率上单频振动形式的叠加,通过测试信号的傅里叶变换处理即可简单分析,通过一次测试获得整个分析频段上的振动响应比相位差曲线。
波速法通过测量纵向振动引起的横向振动来获得较高频段的数个单一频点上的力学参数。传统波速法[7-8]对棒状样品靠近固定端的两点处由纵振动引起的横向振动进行测试,固定端激励信号非常短,根据测量信号传递通过两个测点距离需要的时间进行计算,而信号的衰减通过两个测点处采集的直达波信号幅度的大小进行计算:
式中,φTx1ω)和φTx2ω)分别为x1x2位置处纵向振动响应频域的相位,UTx1ω)和UTx2ω)分别为x1x2处纵向振动响应频域的幅值,d表示x1x2位置的间距。可分别计算出损耗因子与储能模量:
基于直达波提取的波速法在波速法的基础上,使用宽频短时脉冲作为激励信号,并进一步考虑棒的自由端纵向振动响应Ulω)、自由端处直达波信号UTlω)、固定端纵向振动响应U(0,ω)以及固定端直达波UT(0,ω)之间的关系,构建以自由端直达波为未知量的方程,可求解出一端固定、一端自由的纵振动细棒自由端处直达波信号[11]
可见,只要分别对固定端和自由端的纵向振动响应进行测试,即可通过计算将对于每个频点自由端处的直达波信号提取出来。而固定端处的直达波信号即为固定端处的纵向振动响应,结合式(4)~(7)即可用波速法的公式计算材料的储能模量与损耗因子。
实验测试系统如图2所示,将黏弹性细棒试样垂直胶粘于压力舱中的自制换能器表面,密封压力舱后注水并加压至指定测试水压,计算机利用B&K3560C型声振测试前端配合Pulse软件发出短时宽频脉冲电信号,经过功率放大器(B&K2716)放大并作用于压力舱中的自制换能器,在换能器表面发出宽带短脉冲,使试样产生纵向强迫振动,利用激光测振仪(PDV-100)采集换能器激振端和试样自由端的振动响应信号。
图2(b)是本研究使用的压力舱动态力学参数测量系统。压力舱底部与前方、左右两侧均安装了透明的玻璃观测窗口,利于使用激光测振仪进行测试。压力舱内部配置了压力传感器以实时测试水压,水压最高可加压至8 MPa。测试用水经由工业冷水机注入,测试水温范围为7~30 ℃。本测量系统整体安装于隔振底座之上,以隔离地面振动、降低外界环境对实验测试的影响。
两种试样按照第1章中理论部分的形状尺寸要求,统一切割为横截面为8 mm×8 mm、长度为100 mm的细棒状,表面光滑,自由端贴有质量可忽略不计的荧光反射纸。DB试样为溶聚丁苯橡胶,密度为1165 kg/m3,DU试样为聚氨酯橡胶,密度为1094 kg/m3
测试水压设置为0.1~6 MPa,每1 MPa进行一次测试。测试水温为21℃。在每个水压条件下,以截止频率为7 kHz的Butterworth信号作为激励信号,其持续时间短(约1 ms),时域波形规整,频谱平坦,适于宽频测试[11]。利用激光测振仪PDV-100(测量频率范围为0.5 Hz~22 kHz,速度分辨率小于0.02 μm/s,校准精度为±0.2%)进行换能器激振端和试样自由端的纵向振动速度测量。为了尽可能提高测试信号的信噪比,以Pulse软件重复发射激励信号(每秒1次),对采集信号均做50次算术平均。在频域进行数据处理,利用第1.1节的共振法得到共振频率点上的储能模量和损耗因子,利用第1.2节的基于直达波提取的波速法得到宽频范围内的储能模量和损耗因子。
首先基于共振法对纵向振速信号进行频域处理,为方便提取共振频率点,对相位差不进行解卷绕,即对图3图4中所示的共振曲线相位谱,取相位为−90°和90°时对应的频点,即为DB试样与DU试样在各水压条件下所对应的共振频率。在共振频率处计算对应的储能模量与损耗因子。
另一方面,以基于直达波提取的波速法计算宽频范围内的储能模量和损耗因子,结果对比分别见图5~8。由于共振法只能在共振频率处获得有效数据,DB试样有4个共振频率,DU试样有2个共振频率,因此,在结果图中DB试样和DU试样分别只有4个和2个有效的结果,是离散的点。而直达波提取法在500 Hz~5 kHz频段每个频点上均有有效结果,是一条实线。
图3图4中可以直观看出水压对于共振频率的影响,随着水压的增大,DB与DU试样的共振频率均会增大。图5图6中,对于DB试样的储能模量,共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法结果在第一个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为6.2%,在第二个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为8.3%,在第三个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为10.0%,在第四个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为10.5%。对于DB试样的损耗因子,共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法结果在第一个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为10.8%,在第二个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为3.6%,在第三个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为4.8%,在第四个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为5.8%。图7图8中,对于DU试样的储能模量,共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法结果在第一个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为13.0%,在第二个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为12.7%。对于DU试样的损耗因子,共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法结果在第一个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为7.6%,在第二个共振频率处的相对偏差平均为5.4%。从以上分析可见,对于两种试样共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法均取得了良好的吻合。
此外,在结果中可清晰地观察到,随着水压的增大,DB试样的储能模量有规律性的整体增大趋势,损耗因子的变化趋势不明显;而DU试样的储能模量同样随着水压的增大而整体增大,损耗因子随着水压的增大而整体减小。测试结果频域曲线有起伏,这与细棒加工形状的规整性、测试信号信噪比(受水中气泡与杂质影响)等因素有关,可通过最小二乘曲线拟合使整体曲线更加平稳。
本文在水下加压条件下探讨了基于直达波提取的波速法,提出以宽频脉冲为激励信号的共振法验证思路,取得了有效的纵向振动测试数据,对比验证了水压条件下共振法与直达波提取方法的准确性。
在水温21 ℃的压力舱中实现了细棒纵向振动测试的水下压力条件,在换能器上产生了波形规整的Butterworth宽频短时脉冲,利用激光测振仪对激振端与细棒试样的自由端纵向振动信号进行了测量,分别采用共振法与基于直达波提取的波速法计算得到了储能模量与损耗因子。实验结果表明,两种方法计算得到的结果均取得了较好的吻合,验证了本文方法的有效性与准确性。从结果中可以看出,水压的增大会使同一试样的对应共振频率增大,而且随着水压的增大,DB与DU试样的储能模量整体增大,DB试样的损耗因子变化规律性不明显,而DU试样的损耗因子随着水压的增大而整体减小。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.009
  • 接收时间:2025-02-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-18
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(12174314)
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    西北工业大学,西安 710072

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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