Article(id=1243896233287332049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739548800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497572490, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497572490, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497572490, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497572490, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896229885751465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='8', pageStart='1181', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497571678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501555614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1288, endPage=1298, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896233648042204, articleId=1243896233287332049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Research on deformation mitigation mechanism of marine medium plate butt-welded joint based on heating induction, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The welding displacement of marine medium plate caused by welding seriously affects the structural integrity. Butt-welded joint of AH36 steel with the thickness of 14 mm was fabricated using CO2 welding process and the out-of-plane displacement was straightened using self-developed electromagnetic induction back-heating equipment. A series of experiments were conducted to measure the microstructure, mechanical performance, transverse residual stress and out-of-plane displacement. A welding-back-heating numerical simulation method was proposed, and applied to predict the heating conduction, stress, strain and out-of-plane displacement during the processes of butt welding and back heating. Based on the deformation theory, the transverse bending moment after butt welding and back heating was computed. Results show that the microstructure is mainly cementite and back heating almost has no influence on either the microstructure or mechanical performance. The peak value of transverse residual stress is mainly at the weld seam and becomes larger due to back heating. The back heating generates a larger transverse compressive plastic strain near the surface of AH36 plate, thereby obviously straightening the out-of-plane deformation through the transverse bending moment.

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船用中厚板因焊接产生的较大变形严重影响结构平整度。本文采用CO2气体保护焊制备14 mm厚AH36钢对接接头,通过自主研制的电磁感应加热背烧装备来矫正对接接头的面外变形,测试并分析AH36对接接头及其背烧后的微观组织、力学性能、横向残余应力及面外变形。构建焊接-背烧有限元分析方法,预测AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧过程中的热传导及力学响应;基于变形理论,计算AH36对接焊及接头背烧后的横向弯矩。结果表明:AH36钢母材及其背烧后的微观组织均以渗碳体为主,背烧后晶粒尺寸略微增大;背烧后的AH36抗拉强度及室温冲击值与母材基本一致,且母材及其背烧后均未发生弯曲断裂;背烧对AH36对接接头的横向残余应力分布趋势几乎无影响,拉应力极值略微增大;背烧使得对接接头的背部近表面区产生较大的横向压缩塑性应变,并通过横向弯矩矫正面外变形。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张庆亚(1990-),男,博士,讲师

许静(1991-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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张庆亚(1990-),男,博士,讲师

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张庆亚(1990-),男,博士,讲师

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figureFileBig=lCKFgRbfkA21EZ+vAOnTMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896244670673611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896233287332049, language=CN, label=图13, caption=AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向塑性应变对比, figureFileSmall=aen+rgyxq3uBCz2PS3ArZQ==, figureFileBig=lCKFgRbfkA21EZ+vAOnTMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243896244750365392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896233287332049, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Chemical components of AH36 steel (wt.%)

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CSiMnPSCrNiCuAlVTi
0.18~0.210.1~0.50.9~1.6≤0.035≤0.035≤0.20≤0.40≤0.35≤0.015≤0.10≤0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1243896244834251477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243896233287332049, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AH36钢化学成分(重量%)

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CSiMnPSCrNiCuAlVTi
0.18~0.210.1~0.50.9~1.6≤0.035≤0.035≤0.20≤0.40≤0.35≤0.015≤0.10≤0.02
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基于电磁感应加热的船用中厚板对接接头变形背烧矫正机理研究
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张庆亚 a , 吴百公 a , 王秋平 a , 王兴宇 a , 张珍睿 a , 周宏 b , 刘平 c , 许静 a
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025,29(8): 1288-1298
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2025, 29(8): 1288-1298
基于电磁感应加热的船用中厚板对接接头变形背烧矫正机理研究
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张庆亚a, 吴百公a, 王秋平a, 王兴宇a, 张珍睿a, 周宏b, 刘平c, 许静a
作者信息
  • a.江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • b.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • c.江苏科技大学 土木工程与建筑学院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 张庆亚(1990-),男,博士,讲师

    许静(1991-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Research on deformation mitigation mechanism of marine medium plate butt-welded joint based on heating induction
Qing-ya ZHANGa, Bai-gong WUa, Qiu-ping WANGa, Xing-yu WANGa, Zhen-rui ZHANGa, Hong ZHOUb, Ping LIUc, Jing XUa
Affiliations
  • a.Marine Equipment and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  • b.School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  • c.School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.011
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船用中厚板因焊接产生的较大变形严重影响结构平整度。本文采用CO2气体保护焊制备14 mm厚AH36钢对接接头,通过自主研制的电磁感应加热背烧装备来矫正对接接头的面外变形,测试并分析AH36对接接头及其背烧后的微观组织、力学性能、横向残余应力及面外变形。构建焊接-背烧有限元分析方法,预测AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧过程中的热传导及力学响应;基于变形理论,计算AH36对接焊及接头背烧后的横向弯矩。结果表明:AH36钢母材及其背烧后的微观组织均以渗碳体为主,背烧后晶粒尺寸略微增大;背烧后的AH36抗拉强度及室温冲击值与母材基本一致,且母材及其背烧后均未发生弯曲断裂;背烧对AH36对接接头的横向残余应力分布趋势几乎无影响,拉应力极值略微增大;背烧使得对接接头的背部近表面区产生较大的横向压缩塑性应变,并通过横向弯矩矫正面外变形。

中厚板  /  焊接变形  /  感应加热  /  数值模拟

The welding displacement of marine medium plate caused by welding seriously affects the structural integrity. Butt-welded joint of AH36 steel with the thickness of 14 mm was fabricated using CO2 welding process and the out-of-plane displacement was straightened using self-developed electromagnetic induction back-heating equipment. A series of experiments were conducted to measure the microstructure, mechanical performance, transverse residual stress and out-of-plane displacement. A welding-back-heating numerical simulation method was proposed, and applied to predict the heating conduction, stress, strain and out-of-plane displacement during the processes of butt welding and back heating. Based on the deformation theory, the transverse bending moment after butt welding and back heating was computed. Results show that the microstructure is mainly cementite and back heating almost has no influence on either the microstructure or mechanical performance. The peak value of transverse residual stress is mainly at the weld seam and becomes larger due to back heating. The back heating generates a larger transverse compressive plastic strain near the surface of AH36 plate, thereby obviously straightening the out-of-plane deformation through the transverse bending moment.

medium plate  /  welding displacement  /  induction heating  /  numerical simulation
张庆亚, 吴百公, 王秋平, 王兴宇, 张珍睿, 周宏, 刘平, 许静. 基于电磁感应加热的船用中厚板对接接头变形背烧矫正机理研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1288 -1298 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.011
Qing-ya ZHANG, Bai-gong WU, Qiu-ping WANG, Xing-yu WANG, Zhen-rui ZHANG, Hong ZHOU, Ping LIU, Jing XU. Research on deformation mitigation mechanism of marine medium plate butt-welded joint based on heating induction[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1288 -1298 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.011
中厚板高强钢板普遍应用于船舶及海洋工程装备中,焊接是其建造过程中不可或缺的连接工艺,由于局部金属受热膨胀及冷却收缩的不均匀性,导致结构发生的变形无法避免。此外,焊接变形对船体结构的稳定性能和整体刚度有显著影响[1-3]。因此,必须采取一定的矫正工艺消除结构的焊接变形,以便于分段结构的装配并改善船体结构的外观。
船体结构焊接变形的矫正方法包括机械矫正、火焰矫正及电磁感应加热矫正[4-5]。其中,感应加热具有加热效率高、升温快、操作简单、环保且安全可靠等优点,被国内外的造船厂广泛应用。为再现钢板电磁感应加热过程中的物理现象,刘徐阳等[6]建立了AH36钢的电磁-热-力耦合有限元模型,用于预测矫平过程中的电磁场、温度场及结构场的变化,计算结果与实验值具有较好的一致性。张正星等[7]提出了热源简化方法,将复杂的电磁-热-力耦合有限元分析法简化为热-力有限元分析法,很好地解决了模型过于复杂、计算时间过长等问题。为了研究感应加热消除薄板焊接失稳变形的机理,易斌与王江超[8]发现,感应加热产生的热拉伸作用能够影响接头的固有变形,特别是减小焊接产生的纵向收缩力。根据大量的试验,Deo等[9]认为感应加热产生的热拉伸作用,通过在焊缝区产生拉应力来减小残余压缩应力,使其低至临界应力之下,达到消除焊接变形的目的。Souto等[10]发现感应加热在板材的加热区产生新的压缩应力,从而减小焊接变形。
基于电磁感应加热的矫正工艺在消除薄板焊接变形方面已取得显著成果,然而对于中厚板焊接变形背烧矫正的应用较少,尤其是背烧工艺消除中厚板焊接变形机理尚不清晰。本文针对船用中厚板AH36钢对接接头,采用自主研制的电磁感应加热背烧装备矫正接头的面外变形,并通过一系列试验测试AH36对接焊及接头背烧后的微观组织、力学性能、横向残余应力及面外变形;基于迭代子结构法、生死单元技术及并行计算技术,构建高效焊接-背烧有限元分析法,预测并分析AH36对接焊及接头背烧过程中的热传导及力学响应;对比分析AH36对接焊及接头背烧后的横向弯曲力矩值,揭示了背烧工艺矫正中厚板焊接变形的机理。
本文采用的数值计算方法主要包括高效焊接-背烧有限元分析法以及钢板变形理论。首先,基于等效热源模型,构建焊接-背烧有限元分析方法,预测钢板焊接-背烧的温度场、应力应变及面外变形;最后基于弯矩理论,计算钢板焊接及接头背烧后的横向弯曲力矩值。
考虑完整的电磁-热-力耦合分析过程,固然可提高数值分析的精度,然而建模极其困难,且计算效率低。采用等效热源模型代替电磁感应加热热源[7],可兼顾求解精度及效率。本文所构建的焊接-背烧有限元分析过程依次为焊接和背烧,焊接分析的结果将作为背烧分析的输入参数。焊接或背烧有限元分析均包括热分析和力学分析两个过程,且热分析结果对力学分析结果具有决定性的作用[11-13]。基于热传导理论和材料的热物理性能参数求解非线性传热方程,得到热分析的瞬态温度场;以热分析得到的温度场为载荷,考虑到材料的高温力学性能参数,通过力学分析得到应变、应力和变形。此外,基于迭代子结构法、生死单元法以及并行计算技术,提高计算效率,以实现焊接-背烧过程的高效有限元分析。
此外,在钢板电磁感应加热过程中,感应电流主要集中于钢板近表面的一层很薄的区域,这种现象被称为“集肤效应”[14]。当钢板加热至居里点时,感应电流分布在钢板表面上的厚度被称为集肤深度,可由式(1)计算得出。
式中,δ为集肤深度,单位为mm;ρ为钢板的电阻率,单位为Ω·mm,其值为1E−6;f为电流频率,单位为Hz;µr为相对磁导率,其值为1。
钢板焊接时,在焊接电弧作用下,局部金属温度迅速升高,未加热区域温度较低;加热区金属产生热应变,并在周围冷金属的拘束作用下产生弹-塑性力学响应。焊接加热过程中,加热区金属产生压缩塑性应变;冷却过程中,因周围金属的拘束作用,加热区金属产生拉伸塑性应变。残留的塑性应变在厚度方向呈梯度分布并产生弯曲力矩,导致钢板发生面外变形。同理,感应加热钢板时,因温度的不均匀分布导致钢板形成塑性应变,进而产生弯曲力矩,可矫正焊接产生的面外变形。焊接及感应加热产生的弯曲力矩如式(2)所示。
式中,εplastic为焊接及背烧产生的塑性应变;E为钢板的杨氏模量;y为垂直焊接及背烧移动方向的坐标;z为塑性应变在板厚方向的坐标;h为板厚;A为钢板的横截面积;FMtransverse为塑性应变产生的力和力矩;为横向塑性应变。
试验由两部分组成:试样制备和测试分析。首先,依据焊接工艺规程,通过CO2气体保护焊制备14 mm厚AH36对接接头;然后,采用自主研制的电磁感应加热背烧机矫正对接接头的面外变形;最后,开展一系列的测试试验,分析AH36对接焊及接头背烧后的微观组织、力学性能、横向残余应力及面外变形。
以船用AH36高强钢为研究对象,化学成分如表1所示。图1(a)所示为AH36钢对接接头的三维尺寸及坡口、焊道顺序,图中X为对接接头的长度方向,Y表示对接接头的宽度方向,Z表示对接接头的厚度方向。从图1(a)中可以看出,对接接头的尺寸为400×400×14 mm3,坡口角度为60°,装配间隙为5 mm;选取直径为1.2 mm的YC-YJ502(Q)药芯焊丝为填充金属。此外,我们取线L1上的试验数值与计算结果进行对比分析。采用陶瓷衬垫确保根部焊缝单面焊双面成形(如图1(b)所示),层间温度为150~200 ℃。焊接工艺参数为电流180~230 A,电压28~32 V,焊接速度2.9~4.4 mm/s。采用自主研制的电磁感应加热背烧机矫正AH36钢对接接头的面外变形,通过陶瓷片(0.25 mm/片)测量空气间隙(感应器至钢板表面的距离),如图1(c)所示。背烧过程中,感应器加热对接接头背面,且以根部焊缝为中心线,背烧工艺参数为空气间隙2~3 mm,功率40 kW,频率20 kHz,电流75 A,移动速度5.5 mm/s,热源间距20 mm,感应器尺寸为长50 mm,宽10 mm。图1(d)为AH36对接接头背烧。从图1(d)中可以看出,背烧热源在钢板表面形状近似椭圆。
通过线切割机床获取AH36钢板母材及接头背烧后的金相试样,依次通过砂纸、抛光处理试样横截面,采用4%硝酸酒精腐蚀;借助金相显微镜观察AH36钢板母材及接头背烧后的微观组织,如图2所示。从图中可以看出,母材及接头背烧后的微观组织均以渗碳体为主,背烧加热后,晶粒尺寸略微增大,未发生微观组织转变。
力学性能测试试验包括拉伸、冲击及弯曲。图3为AH36钢母材及接头背烧后的拉伸试样尺寸特征及拉伸试验结果。从图中可以看出,拉伸试样中心平行段长度为60 mm,过渡半径为25 mm,宽度为25±0.1 mm,夹持端尺寸为60×50×5 mm3;母材的抗拉强度值为525 MPa,背烧后的AH36钢抗拉强度平均值为507.7 MPa。图4为AH36钢母材及接头的冲击试样尺寸及室温下冲击试验结果。从图中可以看出,冲击试样尺寸为55×10×10 mm3,缺口深度为2 mm,夹角为45°,底部曲率半径为0.25 mm;母材的冲击功为196 J,背烧后的AH36钢平均冲击功为168.5 J,略低于母材。图5为AH36钢母材及接头的弯曲试样尺寸特征及弯曲试验结果。从图中可以看出,弯曲试样尺寸为80×10×10 mm3,弯曲试样均未发生断裂。因此,基于电磁感应加热的背烧对AH36钢力学性能几乎无影响。
采用X-350A型X射线应力分析仪测量AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向残余应力,测量参数为电压22 kV,选用Cr靶为发射源,衍射晶面为(211),布拉格角156°,曝光时间0.5 s,测量区域及横向残余应力值如图6所示。从图中可以看出,横向残余应力沿接头宽度方向均为拉应力,拉应力极值位于焊缝附近;此外,背烧对接头的横向残余应力分布趋势几乎无影响,但使得背烧加热区的横向残余拉应力值由63 MPa增大至90 MPa。
采用TECHLEGO光学扫描仪(如图7(a)所示)测量AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的面外变形。测量前,试样表面均匀粘贴标识片并喷涂增强剂(如图7(b)所示),同时校准仪器精度。通过Geomagic软件对测量数据进行逆向工程分析,获得对接接头的面外变形分布,如图7(c)所示。AH36中厚板焊接产生的横向收缩量在厚度方向不均匀分布,是造成对接接头产生角变形的根本原因;通过电磁感应加热对接接头的背面,背面温度高而正面温度低,导致背面横向收缩量大于正面的收缩量,从而达到消除角变形的目的。图7(c)中红色表示变形沿Z轴正向,蓝色表示变形沿Z轴负向。从图中可以看出,AH36钢对接焊后,焊缝中部较大的区域变形大小超过1 mm,板宽边缘区域的变形值亦大于1 mm;背烧后,红色区域表示焊缝金属的余高,对接接头的变形量小于1 mm。因此,AH36钢对接焊后的面外变形分布经背烧矫正后得到明显改善。
本章通过构建的焊接-背烧有限元分析方法,预测AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧过程的温度场、应力和变形,其中AH36钢对接焊的应力、应变及变形计算结果将作为对接接头背烧有限元分析时的初始状态;最后,基于变形理论,计算焊接及背烧后的接头横向弯矩,分析AH36钢对接焊的面外变形背烧矫正机理。
图8所示为AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧的有限元模型及温度相关的材料性能参数,该模型包括55 080个节点、47 040个单元。有限元分析时,网格尺寸对热传导及弹-塑性力学响应的计算精度起着重要的作用。虽然精细网格可以得到较好的预测结果,但同时将消耗大量的计算机资源和计算时间。基于迭代子结构法,焊接区(焊缝及热影响区)及背烧区域采用细网格,远离焊缝及背烧的区域采用粗网格。此外,材料的热物理性能参数对计算结果的影响很大。采用JMatPro软件获得AH36钢热物理及力学性能参数。
为了精确模拟AH36对接焊及接头背烧的温度场,本文采用体热源模型模拟焊接热输入,并采用等效椭球热源模型模拟背烧热输入,热源形状参数与感应器的长宽相同,根据集肤效应确定深度为4 mm;计算过程中,温度场计算时的电弧热效率取0.8,室温为20 ℃。对接焊及背烧热分析过程中,考虑了工件表面的热辐射和对流因素,以及随温度相关的材料热物理性能参数。当瞬态热源经过AH36钢板中部时,对接焊及背烧热源温度分布如图9所示。从图9(a)可以看出,正面盖面焊瞬态温度极值为1936 ℃。从图9(b)中可以看出,双热源同时沿加热线方向移动;此外,当温度超过钢板的居里点750 ℃时,钢板磁性消失,因此背烧的最高温度低于该温度值。
图10为AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向残余应力云图及分布对比。从图10(a)~(b)中可以看出,横向残余拉应力位于靠近焊缝区域,且应力值沿接头宽度方向逐渐降低;压应力主要集中于焊缝起弧及熄弧。此外,AH36钢对接接头背烧后,横向残余应力分布基本未发生变化,局部金属背烧后拉应力值略微增大。图10(c)为线L1(如图1(a)所示)上的横向残余应力测量值及预测值对比图。从图中可以看出,横向残余应力测量值与预测值吻合较好。AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向残余应力分布趋势相似,横向残余拉应力极值位于焊缝附近,并沿接头宽度方向逐渐降低。背烧加热区的横向残余应力由65 MPa增大至95 MPa,背烧后的横向残余拉应力极值与焊接后的拉应力极值几乎相等。
图11为AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的面外变形云图及分布对比。从图11(a)~(b)中可以看出,AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的焊接变形呈现出明显的面外变形(角变形),且接头背烧后的面外变形量明显降低。为定量分析背烧对AH36钢接头面外变形的影响,取线L1(如图1(a)所示)上的面外变形测量值及计算值,如图11(c)所示。从图中可以看出,面外变形的测量值及预测结果基本一致。AH36钢接头背烧后,面外变形显著降低,变形量由3 mm降至0.4 mm,矫正量达到2.6 mm,变形消除率达86.7%。
图10图11分别给出了AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向残余应力及面外变形,试验测量值与模拟结果的一致性验证了所构建的数值计算方法的可靠性。
为探索背烧矫正AH36钢对接焊面外变形的本质,本文采用所构建的焊接-背烧有限元分析法模拟AH36钢对接焊,并将对接焊力学分析预测结果作为接头背烧有限元模型的初始条件,进一步预测接头的背烧过程。图12为AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向塑性应变云图,其中,图12(a)为AH36钢对接焊后的横向塑性应变云图,图12(b)为AH36钢对接接头背烧后的横向塑性应变云图。总的来说,横向塑性应变沿接头近焊缝区的厚度方向呈不均匀分布,横向拉应变位于盖面焊缝处,横向压应变集中于根部焊缝处。AH36钢对接焊之后,横向压应变极值为0.268,横向拉应变极值为0.24;对接接头背烧后,横向拉应变及压应变值均略微降低,但横向塑性应变区域明显增大。图13为线L1(如图1(a)所示)上的横向塑性应变分布对比。从图中可以看出,背烧不仅增大了横向压应变值,而且增大了横向压应变宽度。基于板材变形机理可知,板材厚度方向的不均匀塑性应变是引起板材面外变形的根本原因。由式(2)求得AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向弯曲力矩分别为209 017.4 N·m和240 128.7 N·m,背烧产生的横向弯曲力矩的方向与对接焊产生的力矩方向相反。因此,背烧工艺使得对接接头背部近表面区产生较大的横向塑性应变,并通过横向弯曲力矩矫正AH36钢对接接头的面外变形。
本文结合试验及数值模拟研究了14 mm厚AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧过程中的温度场、应力应变及变形场;通过将焊接残余应力及面外变形的计算结果与试验测量值进行对比,验证了数值模拟分析方法的可靠性;基于板材变形理论,计算了对接焊及接头背烧后的横向弯曲力矩,分析了背烧矫正接头面外变形的机理。得到的具体结论如下:
(1)基于电磁感应加热的背烧矫正工艺对AH36钢对接接头的微观组织、力学性能及横向残余应力几乎无影响。背烧后,面外变形量由3 mm降至0.4 mm,背烧矫正量为2.6 mm,变形消除率达86.7%。
(2)AH36钢对接焊及接头背烧后的横向残余应力及面外变形的测量值与计算结果吻合较好,表明本文提出的数值计算方法具有可靠的预测精度。
(3)背烧工艺使得AH36钢对接接头背部近表面区产生较大的横向压缩塑性应变,并通过横向弯曲力矩矫正对接接头的面外变形。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52371323)
  • 江苏省高校(高技术船舶)协同创新项目(XTCX202407; XTCX202409)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.011
  • 接收时间:2025-02-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52371323)
江苏省高校(高技术船舶)协同创新项目(XTCX202407; XTCX202409)
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    a.江苏科技大学 海洋装备研究院,江苏 镇江 212003
    b.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003
    c.江苏科技大学 土木工程与建筑学院,江苏 镇江 212003

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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