Article(id=1243896232364589153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738684800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774497572269, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1755619200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774497572269, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774497572269, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774497572269, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243896229885751465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2025', volume='29', issue='8', pageStart='1181', pageEnd='1342', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774497571678, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774501555614, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243912939799949657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243896229885751465, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1299, endPage=1308, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243896232683356262, articleId=1243896232364589153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Research on holographic inversion method for moving sound sources in limited water areas, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The use of acoustic holography technology for identifying moving sound sources and predicting their sound field in limited water areas is of great significance for studying the sound source and radiation characteristics of underwater vehicles. However, the acquisition of sound pressure radiated by moving sound sources and the influence of interface effects in limited water areas have brought difficulties to the application of acoustic holography technology in limited water areas. In view of this, the motion of the sound source was considered and the linear array measurement and moving frame technology were used to obtain holographic pressure radiated by moving sound sources. Considering the influence of interface effects in limited water areas, three holographic inversion models were constructed based on the equivalent source method in three different interface situations. Numerical simulations were conducted on cylindrical shells in limited water areas, and the results showed that the three inversion methods can achieve better sound source identification and sound field prediction results compared to the free field inversion method without considering interface reflection. A moving standard sound source experiment was conducted in a lake, and the experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively locate the sound source and accurately predict the sound field.

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采用声全息技术开展有限水域中运动声源识别及其声场预测,对于研究水下航行器的声源特性和声辐射特性具有重要意义。然而,运动声源辐射声压的获取和有限水域界面效应的影响给声全息技术在有限水域中的应用带来了困难。本文考虑声源运动,采用线阵测量并基于移动框架技术来获取运动声源辐射的全息面声压数据;考虑有限水域界面效应的影响,在三种不同界面情况下,基于等效源法思想分别构建了三种全息反演模型。以有限水域中的圆柱壳体为对象开展了数值仿真,结果表明,三种反演方法相较于未考虑界面反射的自由场反演方法可以获得更好的声源识别和声场预测效果。在湖中开展了运动标准声源试验,试验结果表明,所建方法可以实现声源的有效定位和声场的精确预测。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张小正(1985-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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张小正(1985-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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有限水域中运动声源全息反演方法研究
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张小正 1 , 庞业珍 2 , 毕传兴 1 , 张凤敏 1 , 沈洋 1 , 李志超 2
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025,29(8): 1299-1308
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2025, 29(8): 1299-1308
有限水域中运动声源全息反演方法研究
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张小正1 , 庞业珍2, 毕传兴1, 张凤敏1, 沈洋1, 李志超2
作者信息
  • 1.合肥工业大学,合肥 230009
  • 2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 张小正(1985-),男,博士,教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Research on holographic inversion method for moving sound sources in limited water areas
Xiao-zheng ZHANG1 , Ye-zhen PANG2, Chuan-xing BI1, Feng-min ZHANG1, Yang SHEN1, Zhi-chao LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • 2.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2025-08-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012
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采用声全息技术开展有限水域中运动声源识别及其声场预测,对于研究水下航行器的声源特性和声辐射特性具有重要意义。然而,运动声源辐射声压的获取和有限水域界面效应的影响给声全息技术在有限水域中的应用带来了困难。本文考虑声源运动,采用线阵测量并基于移动框架技术来获取运动声源辐射的全息面声压数据;考虑有限水域界面效应的影响,在三种不同界面情况下,基于等效源法思想分别构建了三种全息反演模型。以有限水域中的圆柱壳体为对象开展了数值仿真,结果表明,三种反演方法相较于未考虑界面反射的自由场反演方法可以获得更好的声源识别和声场预测效果。在湖中开展了运动标准声源试验,试验结果表明,所建方法可以实现声源的有效定位和声场的精确预测。

声全息  /  有限水域  /  运动声源  /  等效源法

The use of acoustic holography technology for identifying moving sound sources and predicting their sound field in limited water areas is of great significance for studying the sound source and radiation characteristics of underwater vehicles. However, the acquisition of sound pressure radiated by moving sound sources and the influence of interface effects in limited water areas have brought difficulties to the application of acoustic holography technology in limited water areas. In view of this, the motion of the sound source was considered and the linear array measurement and moving frame technology were used to obtain holographic pressure radiated by moving sound sources. Considering the influence of interface effects in limited water areas, three holographic inversion models were constructed based on the equivalent source method in three different interface situations. Numerical simulations were conducted on cylindrical shells in limited water areas, and the results showed that the three inversion methods can achieve better sound source identification and sound field prediction results compared to the free field inversion method without considering interface reflection. A moving standard sound source experiment was conducted in a lake, and the experimental results showed that the proposed method can effectively locate the sound source and accurately predict the sound field.

acoustic holography  /  limited water area  /  moving sound source  /  equivalent source method
张小正, 庞业珍, 毕传兴, 张凤敏, 沈洋, 李志超. 有限水域中运动声源全息反演方法研究. 船舶力学, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1299 -1308 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012
Xiao-zheng ZHANG, Ye-zhen PANG, Chuan-xing BI, Feng-min ZHANG, Yang SHEN, Zhi-chao LI. Research on holographic inversion method for moving sound sources in limited water areas[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2025 , 29 (8) : 1299 -1308 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012
噪声源的精确识别及其辐射声场的准确预测是实现水下航行器噪声控制以及评价其声隐身性能的关键。然而,由于噪声的不可见性,采用常规方法难以给出直观、准确的声源识别与声场预测结果。声全息技术是一项具有强大的声源识别及声场预测功能的噪声分析工具[1-2]。它通过在声源辐射声场中进行测量,并借助声场空间变换算法,反演出声源表面和声场中的声压、质点振速等声学信息,从而形成直观的声学图像,用于实现声源识别和声场预测。
自声全息技术提出以来,国内外学者发展出了空间Fourier变换法[3]、逆边界元法[4]、Helmholtz方程最小二乘法[5]、等效源法[6]等多种声全息反演算法,并尝试了将声全息应用于水下声源识别和声场预测。美国海军实验室最早将声全息应用于水下声源识别和声场预测[7];法国OROS公司开发了基于空间Fourier变换法的水下声全息系统[8];哈尔滨工程大学率先开展了基于矢量水听器测量的水下声全息研究[9];海军工程大学基于线阵连续扫描获取全息数据,然后采用声全息对水下航行器辐射声场进行了全息反演[10];西北工业大学设计了将波束形成和声全息相结合的水下噪声源可视化识别系统[11]。然而,现有的水下声全息技术研究大多默认声源位于自由声场中,但在浅海和内陆湖泊等有限水域中开展声全息技术应用时,水面和水底反射所带来的界面效应影响将不可忽略,此时声场不再满足自由声场条件;此外,现有的水下声全息技术研究大多假设声源是静止的,当声源运动时,获取全息数据通常所采用的扫描测量方法将不再适用。
考虑声源运动,本文拟采用线阵测量并基于移动框架技术来获取运动声源辐射的全息面声压数据;考虑有限水域界面效应的影响,本文拟在三种不同界面情况下,基于等效源法思想分别构建三种全息反演模型;最后以获取的全息面声压为输入,并基于所建全息模型反演声场用于声源识别和声场预测。
考虑到声全息方法需要采用一个全息面上的声压数据来进行声源反演,但实际中采用一个面阵进行全息数据测量成本高,且难以实施,因此采用一个线阵测量是较为现实的选择。当声源直线运动、阵列静止时,可以采用移动框架技术[12]通过一条线阵的声压数据来获得整个全息面上的声压数据,该方法的具体原理如下。
首先引入三个坐标系,如图1所示。假设(xyz)为参考坐标系,(xmymzm)为水听器线阵所在的测量坐标系,(xhyhzh)为随声源运动的全息面坐标系。对于任意时刻t,三个坐标系中的各个坐标值之间满足以下关系:
式中,um为水听器线阵移动速度,当水听器固定不动时为零,uh为声源移动速度,um/h为水听器线阵与声源的相对速度。各个坐标系下的声压满足:
式中,pmxmymzHt)表示水听器测量声压;phxm + um/htymzHt)表示全息面声压。当xm等于0时,即水听器固定不动而声源运动,式(2)可简化为
需要指出的是,式(3)的左边是水听器接收的随时间变化的信号,信号中存在多普勒频移。进一步对全息面声压作时域傅里叶变换:
式中,Ph表示频率为fh的声压空间分布,可由以下的空间域逆傅里叶变换获得:
式中,表示频率为fh的空间波数谱。综合式(4)和式(5)可以导出:
上式为移动框架技术的基本理论公式。公式(6)建立了水听器测量声压频谱与全息面声压空间波数谱之间的关系,因此可通过水听器测量声压频谱计算出全息面声压空间波数谱,进而根据公式(5)对全息面声压空间波数谱作空间域逆傅里叶变换,即可获得全息面声压空间分布。需要指出的是,移动框架技术本质上是将声源移动、水听器阵列静止测量问题转化为声源静止、水听器阵列移动测量问题,也就是将水听器测量声压频谱中的多普勒频移现象转化为全息面声压空间波数谱畸变现象,因此移动框架技术并不能消除运动声源带来的多普勒效应,而只是一种运动声源全息测量方法。考虑到水中声源的运动马赫数通常远远小于0.1,因此多普勒效应对全息反演方法的影响可以忽略不计[13]。一旦获得全息面声压,即可将其作为全息反演方法的输入,用于声源识别和声场预测。
在自由场中,基于等效源法思想[6],可将声源辐射声场等效为分布在声源内部的一系列虚拟点源辐射声场的叠加,即
式中,r=(xyz)为全息面测点坐标,为第n0个虚拟点源的坐标,phr)为全息面测点处声压,为第n0个虚拟点源的强度,为自由场中第n0个虚拟点源到全息面测点处的格林函数,即
式中,k为波数。
当声源位于浅海波导这样的有限水域中,如图2所示,由于界面效应,阵列所测量的全息声压不仅包含声源辐射声,还包括水面和水底反射声的贡献。考虑界面效应影响,下面将在三种不同界面情况下分别构建全息反演模型。
第一种情况是已知水底和水面的反射系数V1V2。此时,全息声压可以表示为
注意到,为浅海波导中的格林函数,可通过像源法[14]计算获得,即
式中,为第n0个虚拟点源的第l阶像源到全息测点的距离,即
式中,为第n0个虚拟点源的第l阶像源在z轴上的坐标,即:
式中,H为水域深度坐标。假设全息面上共有K个测点,则将公式(9)扩展至所有测点,可形成如下矩阵形式:
式中,PhK×1的全息声压向量,K×N0的浅海波导格林函数矩阵,Q0N0×1的虚拟点源强度向量。需要说明的是,在该方法中,反射系数V1V2也可以是与入射角度有关的函数;此外像源阶数在实际应用过程中需要取有限值,本文中取值100。
第二种情况是假设水面为压力释放边界,满足绝对软边界条件,即反射系数V2=−1,而水底由于地质条件复杂,边界条件未知。此时可将水底看作另一个声源,其反射声场可等效为分布在水底的一系列虚拟点源辐射声场的叠加[15],进而有限水域中的声辐射问题可以转化为半空间声辐射问题,此时,全息声压可以表示为
式中,为分布在水底的第n1个虚拟点源的坐标,为等效水底反射的第n1个虚拟点源的强度,为分布在声源内部的第n0个虚拟点源到全息面测点处的半空间格林函数,为分布在水底的第n1个虚拟点源到全息面测点处的半空间格林函数,它们的一般表达式为
式中,R表示虚拟点源到全息面测点处的距离,R′表示虚拟点源的像源到全息面测点处的距离。同样地,将公式(14)扩展至所有测点,可形成如下矩阵形式:
式中,K×(N0 +N1)的半空间格林函数矩阵,Q01为(N0 + N1)×1的虚拟点源强度向量。
第三种情况是假设水面和水底的边界条件均未知,例如水面由于风浪的影响不满足平整边界,而水底由于地质条件复杂,边界条件也未知。此时可将水面和水底均看作声源,它们的反射声场可等效为分布在水面和水底的一系列虚拟点源辐射声场的叠加[16],进而有限水域中的声辐射问题可以转化为自由场声辐射问题,此时,全息声压可以表示为
式中,为分布在水面的第n2个虚拟点源的坐标,为第n2个虚拟点源的强度,分别为分布在水底的第n1个虚拟点源和分布在水面的第n2个虚拟点源到全息面测点处的自由场格林函数。同样地,将公式(17)扩展至所有测点,可形成如下矩阵形式:
式中,GK×(N0 + N1 + N2)的自由场格林函数矩阵,Q012为(N0 + N1 + N2)×1的虚拟点源强度向量。
对比三种情况下的全息反演模型,可以发现三种模型的矩阵维度是不同的,这与虚拟点源的配置有着密切关系。如图2所示,对于第一种模型,只需在声源内部配置N0个虚拟点源即可;对于第二种模型,还需在水底配置N1个虚拟点源;对于第三种模型,则需进一步在水面配置N2个虚拟点源。这里重点讨论一下配置区域,对于声源,虚拟点源配置区域为声源内部,但对于水面和水底,理论上在xy方向的面积是无穷大,因此配置区域为无穷大,但考虑到虚拟点源的配置是为了更好地拟合全息声压,因此根据声传播特性,可由全息面在xy方向的边界来确定配置区域,如图3所示。一旦确定了配置区域,并根据每个声波波长内配置5~10个虚拟点源的原则[15],即可确定虚拟点源的配置数目。由以上分析也可知,未知水域边界条件越多,反演模型中待求解的源强矩阵维度就越大,求解效率就越低,但相应模型所适用的范围却越广,因此选用哪种模型要根据实际工程情况进行确定。
基于式(13)、(16)和(18)开展全息反演的关键一步是采用实测全息声压求解虚拟点源源强,该求解过程是一个数学求逆问题,该求逆问题存在严重的不适定性。为解决上述求逆问题的不适定性,通常采用Tikhonov正则化法[2],首先对传递矩阵进行奇异值分解和广义逆变换,可得方程的最小二乘解为
如果传递矩阵中分解出的奇异值σi存在一些较小的值,且全息面上测量的声压存在误差,在求逆过程中,会使重建误差几乎以条件数倍数急剧放大,从而使重建结果完全失真。正则化方法则通过滤波处理来滤除和抑制对重建结果贡献小而又对误差非常敏感的较小奇异值的影响,其获得的解为
式中,fi为滤波系数,该滤波系数可通过L曲线或GCV方法进行选取[2]。一旦获得等效源强Q,可以计算声源附近一个面上的声压分布,用于声源定位;此外,也可预测声场中任意点处的声压。在上述求解虚拟点源源强的过程中,需要说明的是,要获得最小二乘解需要全息测点数目大于等于虚拟点源数目,对于第二种和第三种全息反演模型,这就需要大量的全息测点数目,幸运的是移动框架技术类似于一种扫描测量技术,扫描间隔为um/ht,其中∆t为时间采样间隔,当时间采样频率足够高,全息测量范围足够大时,可以获得足够大的测点数目以大于等于虚拟点源数目。
移动框架技术的有效性已在文献[12]中得以验证,在此重点验证所提三种反演方法的有效性。假设水深为60 m,水面为绝对软边界条件,水底为阻抗边界条件,水面和水底的反射系数分别为V2=−1和V1=0.4。声源模型为一圆柱壳体,圆柱长度为30 m,直径为3.6 m,壳体厚度为12 mm,圆柱壳两端堵塞,在模型上分别加载F1、F2、F3和F4四个载荷,载荷均为400 Pa大小的面力,面力作用面积均为0.5 m×0.5 m,模型具体加载方式如图4所示。在仿真中,采用有限元法计算出结构表面的声压和振速,然后采用边界元法计算出全息面声压,并添加信噪比30 dB的高斯白噪声,用作反演方法的输入。
建立如图5所示的坐标系,圆柱壳体中心位于坐标(50 m,25 m,22 m)。全息面给定两个平面,分别位于x=30 m和x=70 m处,y方向测量范围从8 m到42 m,z方向测量范围从17.5 m到26.5 m,测点间隔为0.5 m。
模拟真实声源辐射的虚拟点源布置在壳体内部的一个圆柱表面上,圆柱半径为1.5 m,虚拟点源沿y方向均匀分布,在y方向上的坐标分别为y=9.5 m:0.5 m:39.5 m,虚拟点源在圆柱横截面周向上均匀分布,周向分割角度为15o。模拟水面反射和水底反射的虚拟点源分别布置在水面之上和水底之下1/10声波波长处的平面上,布置区域为由全息面在xy方向的边界所确定的区域,x方向布置范围从30 m到70 m,y方向布置范围从8 m到42 m,虚拟点源间隔为1/10声波波长。
图6展示了声源加载频率为200 Hz时的理论声压分布。图7展示了本文所提三种反演方法以及未考虑界面效应的自由场反演方法所反演的声源表面声压分布,通过与图6比较可以看出,采用本文所提三种反演方法能够获得与理论声压分布相似的结果,而采用未考虑界面效应的自由场反演方法则无法获得有效的声压分布结果。但是也注意到本文三种反演方法获得的声压分布在细节上与理论声压也存在一定的差别,主要原因在于全息面并不位于声源近场,因而获得的蕴含声源细节信息的倏逝波成分较弱,这些成分极易在求逆过程中与噪声一起被滤掉。同时也注意到方法1比方法2和3获得了更接近理论声压分布的结果,这是因为在已知精确边界条件的情况下,方法1所采用的格林函数更能匹配真实的声传播过程,而方法2和3则会存在一定的匹配误差,这些匹配误差将使得求逆过程的不适定性增强,进而导致正则化滤波过重,使得更多的倏逝波成分被滤掉。也正是因为自由场方法所采用的格林函数会产生更大的匹配误差,使得求逆过程的不适定性更强,因而导致求逆过程中的正则化几近失效,无法获得有效的反演结果。
为了检验所提反演方法预测声场的效果,在声场中布置了一个预测点,预测点的坐标为(150 m,25 m,22 m)。本文所提三种反演方法以及未考虑界面效应的自由场反演方法所预测的声压与理论声压对比如图8所示,可以看出本文所提三种反演方法在20~1000 Hz频带内,所预测的声压与理论声压水平都较为接近,误差控制在3 dB以内,但自由场反演方法预测的声压在诸如100 Hz、200 Hz处与理论声压存在较大偏差,这说明本文所提考虑界面效应的反演方法能够更精确地预测声场。
为验证上述方法的有效性,在水深53 m的湖中开展了运动标准声源试验。如图9所示,采用小船拖曳1个标准声源(换能器)在水下作匀速直线运动,平均速度为0.5 m/s,声源辐射频率为22 Hz;采用两条垂直线阵测量声压,每条线阵包含阵元20个,阵元间隔2 m,第一个阵元位于水下1 m,线阵1距离航线13.4 m,线阵2距离航线12.9 m。
需要说明的是,试验分析中采用线阵1测量的声压并基于移动框架技术来获取全息面声压(获取的全息面声压如图10所示),然后将该声压用作所提全息反演方法的输入,来预测线阵2上的声压,并将预测声压与线阵2测量的声压进行对比来衡量声场预测的精度。
考虑到试验中水面和水底的精确边界条件未知,因此采用本文提出的第三种反演方法来进行声源识别和声场预测。如图11所示,模拟真实声源辐射的虚拟点源布置在航线所在的平面上,虚拟点源沿xz方向均匀分布,在xz方向的坐标分别为x=0 m:−1 m:−74 m,z=−1 m:−2 m:−39 m。模拟水面反射和水底反射的虚拟点源分别布置在水面之上和水底之下1/10声波波长处的平面上,布置区域为由全息面和线阵2所确定的区域,x方向布置范围从0 m到−74 m,y方向布置范围从0 m到26.3 m,虚拟点源间隔为1/10声波波长。
试验中,通过计算距离声源5 m处一个平面上的声压用于声源定位。图12分别给出了采用本文所提第三种反演方法和未考虑界面效应的自由场反演方法得到的声源定位结果。由于界面效应的影响,自由场定位图中出现了较多和较强的虚假声源,分别位于靠近水面和水底部分,而本文所提反演方法考虑了界面效应,因此可以获得更精确的声源定位结果。
图13给出了线阵2上本文所提第三种反演方法和未考虑界面效应的自由场反演方法的预测声压与实测声压的对比,可以看出相比自由场反演方法,本文所提第三种反演方法的预测声压与实测声压水平更接近,自由场反演方法计算的所有预测点的平均误差水平为2.45 dB,本文所提第三种反演方法计算的所有预测点的平均误差水平为1.26 dB,这表明采用本文所提有限水域中运动声源全息反演方法可以较为精确地预测声场。
针对有限水域中声全息技术应用面临的运动声源辐射声压获取和有限水域界面效应影响问题,本文采用线阵测量并基于移动框架技术获取运动声源辐射的全息面声压数据;考虑有限水域界面效应的影响,在三种不同界面情况下,基于等效源法思想分别构建了三种全息反演模型。以有限水域中的圆柱壳体为对象开展了数值仿真,仿真结果表明本文所提三种反演方法均可以获得较好的声源表面声压分布,而未考虑界面反射的自由场反演方法则无法实现有效的声源表面声压反演,在声场预测方面,所提三种反演方法均比自由场反演方法获得了更高的预测精度。同时,在湖中开展了运动标准声源试验,试验结果表明本文所建方法可以实现声源的有效定位和声场的精确预测。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875147; 12174082)
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2025年第29卷第8期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012
  • 接收时间:2025-02-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2025-08-20
补充材料
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-05
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875147; 12174082)
作者信息
    1.合肥工业大学,合肥 230009
    2.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cblx/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2025.08.012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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