Article(id=1243880300758020707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712851200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493773878, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493773878, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493773878, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493773878, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243880295267676686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='11', pageStart='1633', pageEnd='1802', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493772569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774494101943, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881676808499395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881676808499396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1678, endPage=1686, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243880301080982123, articleId=1243880300758020707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=On the static characteristics of catenary mooring line under uneven seabed conditions, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For floating structures deployed in waters near the coast or island lagoons, the shallow water depth makes the impact of seabed topography changes on the mooring system non-negligible, and the seabed can no longer be simplified as flat when exploring the characteristics of the mooring system. To study the static characteristics of the anchor chain under the condition of uneven seabed terrain, an anchor chain model was established based on the lumped mass method, and effects of the seabed inclination angle and the arrangement of the anchor chain on the tension and the tension angle at the top of the anchor chain, and the length of the catenary were discussed through numerical simulation, in an attempt to guide the design and safety performance evaluation of floating mooring system in shallow waters.

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对于在沿海或海岛泻湖附近水域进行作业的浮体,因其较浅的工作水深使得海底地形变化对其系泊系统的影响不可忽略,因而在探究系泊系统特性时不能再将海底简化为平坦地形。为研究锚链在非平坦海底地形条件下的静态特性,基于集中质量法建立锚链模型,通过数值模拟探讨海底倾斜角度以及锚链布置方式对锚链顶端张力、张力角以及悬线长度的影响规律,以指导浅水水域浮体系泊系统的设计和安全性能评估。

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通讯作者:E-mail:
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梁明霄(1991-),男,博士研究生

徐胜文(1986-),男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者:E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=nRVvleEIO/iHC06vniO+5w==, figureFileBig=R1SNnYZLEZMTJkJdpSqI+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243880314154627327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880300758020707, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Properties of target mooring chain

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
直径D/mm干重ωdry/(kg·m-1湿重ωsub/(kg·m-1抗拉刚度EA/kN
100219190.51 010 000
), ArticleFig(id=1243880314293039362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880300758020707, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

目标锚链参数

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直径D/mm干重ωdry/(kg·m-1湿重ωsub/(kg·m-1抗拉刚度EA/kN
100219190.51 010 000
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非平坦海底地形条件下悬链式系泊链静态特性研究
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梁明霄 1 , 段斌 2 , 宋炜 2 , 徐胜文 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(11): 1678-1686
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(11): 1678-1686
非平坦海底地形条件下悬链式系泊链静态特性研究
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梁明霄1, 段斌2, 宋炜2, 徐胜文1
作者信息
  • 1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
  • 2.沪东中华造船有限公司开发研究所,上海 200129
  • 梁明霄(1991-),男,博士研究生

    徐胜文(1986-),男,博士,副研究员,通讯作者:E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者:E-mail:
On the static characteristics of catenary mooring line under uneven seabed conditions
Ming-xiao LIANG1, Bin DUAN2, Wei SONG2, Sheng-wen XU1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  • 2.Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200129, China
出版时间: 2024-11-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.005
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对于在沿海或海岛泻湖附近水域进行作业的浮体,因其较浅的工作水深使得海底地形变化对其系泊系统的影响不可忽略,因而在探究系泊系统特性时不能再将海底简化为平坦地形。为研究锚链在非平坦海底地形条件下的静态特性,基于集中质量法建立锚链模型,通过数值模拟探讨海底倾斜角度以及锚链布置方式对锚链顶端张力、张力角以及悬线长度的影响规律,以指导浅水水域浮体系泊系统的设计和安全性能评估。

系泊系统  /  集中质量法  /  静态特性  /  浅水水域

For floating structures deployed in waters near the coast or island lagoons, the shallow water depth makes the impact of seabed topography changes on the mooring system non-negligible, and the seabed can no longer be simplified as flat when exploring the characteristics of the mooring system. To study the static characteristics of the anchor chain under the condition of uneven seabed terrain, an anchor chain model was established based on the lumped mass method, and effects of the seabed inclination angle and the arrangement of the anchor chain on the tension and the tension angle at the top of the anchor chain, and the length of the catenary were discussed through numerical simulation, in an attempt to guide the design and safety performance evaluation of floating mooring system in shallow waters.

mooring system  /  lumped mass method  /  static characteristics  /  shallow waters
梁明霄, 段斌, 宋炜, 徐胜文. 非平坦海底地形条件下悬链式系泊链静态特性研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (11) : 1678 -1686 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.005
Ming-xiao LIANG, Bin DUAN, Wei SONG, Sheng-wen XU. On the static characteristics of catenary mooring line under uneven seabed conditions[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (11) : 1678 -1686 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.005
随着我国社会经济的发展,特别是沿海城市的快速发展,拓展海上空间逐渐变为现实需求。同时,随着我国南海开发的力度逐渐加大,对长期服役的超大型浮体的研究也日益活跃[1-4]。不同于布置在开阔水域和深水区域的系泊系统,当系泊系统工作在水深较浅的海域时,海底地形的起伏与倾斜对锚链悬线形态的影响将会变得十分显著,并进一步影响系泊系统的动态特性。
在研究海底地形条件对系泊系统特性的影响时,通常将海底假设为水平状且没有起伏。Kim等[5]在浅水平底条件下探讨了系泊系统与半潜式浮体的耦合特性。Gutiérrez-Romero等[6]研究分析了不同系泊链模型对浮体动态响应和系泊链张力的影响,海底被假设为水平无起伏。Lee等[7]在探讨锚链动力特性时,对锚链模型进行了修正并提出了非穿透约束和坡度约束,经过修正后的模型可以在一定程度上考虑海底起伏对锚链特性的影响。国内外学者对于非平坦海底地形条件下的浮体系泊系统相关研究较少。Wang等[8-10]基于模型试验和数值模拟对非平坦海底地形条件下的系泊系统特性进行了探讨,他们分别计算和对比了悬链-张紧-张力腿、悬链-张紧和张紧式三种复合系泊系统的动态响应特性。Huang等[11-12]在浅水斜底条件下为一波浪能发电装置设计了三套不同的系泊系统,并在不同海况条件下对其性能进行了对比讨论。
非平坦的海底地形会使锚链的非线性特性更为显著,为了讨论非平坦海底地形对系泊系统的影响,有必要先探究其对锚链特性的影响规律。基于质量集中模型,讨论不同海底倾斜角度和锚链布置方式对锚链特性的影响,并在锚链顶端张力、张力角和悬垂段长度三个方面对比说明锚链的具体特性变化。
非平坦海底条件下锚链特性的研究需要对锚链进行精确的建模,集中质量法是常用的锚链数值模型之一[13-15],它能有效地考虑锚链的非线性特性。在集中质量法中,锚链被划分为多个分段,每个锚链分段的质量和所受的外力被集中到分段两端的节点上,这样锚链分段就可以被视为一个无质量的弹簧。图1为锚链的质量集中模型示意图,图中的圆圈表示锚链分段的节点,折线表示无质量的弹簧,y1y2y3分别为节点1、2、3在固定坐标系下的坐标向量。
在利用集中质量法分析锚链时,每个节点的受力都应当满足控制方程:
式中,M为节点的质量矩阵;为节点加速度矢量;F为集中到节点上的外力,包括重力、浮力、锚链张力、拖曳力、惯性力、海底作用力、锚缆弯曲和扭转产生的作用力。
任意一个浸没于水中的锚链分段,会同时受到重力和浮力的作用。以任意锚链分段j为例,其所受的重力与浮力的合力为
式中,Lj为锚链未拉伸时分段j的长度,ωj为锚链分段j的单位长度空气中质量,A为锚链的横截面积;ρ为海水密度,g为重力加速度。在集中质量法中,锚链分段的质量和所受外力被平均分配到分段两端的节点上。以节点2为例,其所受重力与浮力的合力G2
对于任意一个锚链分段(例如锚链分段1),其弹性势能可表示为
式中,V1为锚链分段1的弹性势能,EA为锚链的轴向刚度,L1为锚链未拉伸时分段1的长度,|y2 - y1|为节点1和节点2之间的距离。进一步地,锚链分段1作用在节点2上的张力可以由上式推导:
式中,q取1、2、3分别表示固定坐标系下XYZ轴方向。
如此,可以求出作用在每个节点上的张力。以节点2为例,作用在节点2上总的张力T2
浸没于水中的锚链分段受到流体的作用力,通常流体对锚链分段的作用力可以分解为两个部分:拖曳力FD和惯性力FI。对于锚链这样的细长体,可以利用莫里森公式求解拖曳力和惯性力。对任意锚链分段j,作用于其上的拖曳力和惯性力可分别表示为
式中,D为锚链的直径;分别为法向和切向拖曳力系数;Vr为流体质点与锚链分段的相对速度矢量;为锚链分段的加速度矢量;为附加质量系数;τj为锚链分段j的单位切向量,以分段1为例,τ1可表示为
在集中质量法中,每个锚链分段所受的流体作用力被平均分配到分段两端的节点上。以节点2为例,其所受的流体作用力
对于有躺底段的悬链式锚链,其躺底段会受到海底的作用力。在不详细研究锚链与海底相互作用力的前提下,一般认为锚链的锚点是不移动的且海底的弹性是线性的。
图2所示,对于任意与海底接触的节点,海底与节点的相互作用力可以等效为由三个平行于大地坐标系轴线方向的线性弹簧提供的力。以节点2为例,若其与海底相接触,海底对其的作用力可以表示为
式中,表示海底对节点的总作用力;是海底对节点2的垂向支持力;H为水深;a1为一个设定参数,通过设置合适的值,可使节点2在离开海底适当距离后逐渐归于0;μ是海底的摩擦系数;df1δ是节点的实际偏移量和目标偏移量,这两者之间的关系如下:
式中,q可取1或2,代表沿大地坐标系XY轴方向;为节点2发生偏移后的位置;y2为节点2发生偏移前的位置。
对于时域下的锚链运动控制方程,可以使用Newmark-β法求解,其形式如下:
式中,αβ是精度调节参数。将上述方程代入控制方程,可得
利用牛顿-拉夫逊迭代法求解方程即可得到Δy
式中,下标m指代当前迭代步数,ε为修正参数,J为雅克比矩阵。
当浮体工作于海岸或岛礁附近时,较浅的水深使得海底地形的起伏与倾斜对悬链式锚链悬垂形态的影响变得十分显著。一方面,悬链式锚链的躺底段不再是水平的,而是随着海底的形状一同倾斜,这使得锚链躺底段长度随浮体运动变化更为显著,同时躺底段锚链的一部分重力也将转换为锚链中的张力,并最终作用于锚链顶端;另一方面,倾斜的海底地形也将影响悬链式锚链的悬垂段形态,这使得锚链顶端张力变化的非线性特征更为显著。
图3所示,在非平坦海底地形条件下锚链的布置方式总体可以归纳为两种:锚点位于导缆孔下坡处的下坡形式和锚点位于导缆孔上坡处的上坡形式。
锚链在非平坦海底地形条件下的响应特性可以通过其静态特性体现,锚链的静态特性主要包括锚链的张力和几何形态。为了研究不同海底倾斜角度对锚链特性的影响规律,以锚链为研究对象,将其布置在5°、15°和30°三个不同倾斜角度的海底,通过给锚链导缆孔施加水平位移的方式计算并对比目标锚链在不同布置形式下的顶端张力、悬线长度、张力角等系数与导缆孔水平位移间的关系,目标锚链的参数如表1所示。为了完整表现不同海底倾斜角度对目标锚链特性的影响,设置目标锚链的长度足够大,并保证在整个计算过程中目标锚链始终有一段躺底段。同时,初始状态下目标锚链为下坡式布置时,导缆孔到海底的垂直距离为50 m;上坡式布置时,导缆孔到海底的垂直距离为617 m。为了确保锚链在非平坦海底地形条件下的静态特性具有足够精度,设置锚链模型的分段长度为10 m。
上坡式和下坡式布置的目标锚链在三种不同海底倾斜角度下的锚链顶端张力与水平位移关系如图4所示。以图3中的右手坐标系为基准,图4中所示的X轴与Y轴与基准坐标轴相同。对于下坡式布置的目标锚链,其导缆孔沿X轴与Y轴正方向偏移;对于上坡式布置的目标锚链,其导缆孔沿X轴的负方向和Y轴正方向偏移。为清楚地展示目标锚链的顶端张力变化趋势,两图中的纵坐标为目标锚链的顶端张力的对数值。
对比图4(a)中不同海底倾斜角度下、下坡式布置锚链的顶端张力可以发现,目标锚链的顶端张力对其导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移较为敏感,而导缆孔沿着Y轴方向的偏移对目标锚链顶端张力的变化影响则相对不太显著。当海底倾斜角度为5°时,随着目标锚链导缆孔的偏移距离逐渐增加,锚链顶端张力的对数值首先表现为接近抛物线的形式增长,而后其增长趋势逐渐放缓,其对数值由初始时的约5.5最终上升至最大值约10.6。随着海底倾斜角度增大为15°,目标锚链的顶端张力随导缆孔偏移距离变化而增加的趋势有所减缓。当导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离小于2 m时,目标锚链顶端张力的对数值出现了一个变化不显著的平缓区域,而当导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离大于2 m后,目标锚链顶端张力的上升趋势接近抛物线,同时顶端张力的对数值由初始时的约6.5最终上升至最大值10.5左右。当海底倾斜角度进一步增加到30°时,在导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离小于14 m时,目标锚链顶端张力的对数值出现了明显平缓区域。随着导缆孔位移的进一步增加,目标锚链顶端张力以接近抛物线的形式快速增长,最终顶端张力的对数值由7.1左右上升至约10.1。对比不同海底倾斜角度下的结果可以发现,对于下坡式布置的锚链,在海底倾斜角度较小的情况下锚链顶端张力对导缆孔的水平位移相对敏感,且在导缆孔偏移的前期锚链顶端张力不会出现平缓变化区域,这使得较小的导缆孔偏移也能造成较为显著的张力上升,当导缆孔沿着图中的X轴方向发生偏移时更是如此。随着海底倾斜角度的增大,导缆孔水平偏移对下坡式布置锚链的顶端张力影响逐渐减小,导缆孔偏移的前期锚链顶端张力的平缓变化区域逐渐扩大。在相同的偏移距离下,海底倾斜角度较大时锚链顶端张力的增量要略小于海底倾斜角度较小的情况。
图4(b)所示,在海底倾斜角度为5°时,上坡式布置锚链的顶端张力的增长趋势接近于指数形式,随着导缆孔水平偏移的加大,其顶端张力的对数值由初始的约7.2上升至最终的约9.2。当海底的倾斜角度增加为15°时,目标锚链顶端张力随导缆孔水平位移的增加趋势有所放缓,但还是以接近于指数的形式增长,其顶端张力的对数值最终由约7.2增长为9.1左右。当海底的倾斜角度增加为30°时,目标锚链顶端张力随导缆孔水平位移的增加趋势进一步放缓,此时锚链顶端张力的增长趋势接近于线性,其锚链顶端张力的对数值仅由最初的约6.9增长到约7.6左右。对比不同海底倾斜角度下的结果可以发现,对于上坡式布置的锚链,在海底倾斜角度较小的情况下导缆孔的水平位移对锚链顶端张力的影响更为显著。随着海底倾斜角度的增大,导缆孔水平偏移对上坡式布置锚链的顶端张力影响逐渐减小,在相同的偏移距离下,海底倾斜角度较大时的顶端张力其增量要明显小于海底倾斜角度较小的情况。
对比图4可以发现,在导缆孔到海底垂直距离相同的情况下,不同海底倾斜角度对上坡式布置锚链和下坡式布置锚链的顶端张力的影响是相似的,表现为海底倾斜角度越小,导缆孔水平位移对锚链顶端张力的影响越显著,随着海底倾斜角度的增加,导缆孔水平位移对锚链顶端张力的影响逐渐减弱。不同于上坡式布置的锚链,下坡式布置锚链的顶端张力在海底倾斜角度较大的情况下会出现一个平缓变化区域,且随着海底倾斜角度的增大该区域的范围也将加大。此外,在海底倾斜角度相同时,导缆孔水平位移对下坡式布置锚链顶端张力的影响明显强于上坡式布置锚链,例如在海底倾斜角度为5°时,下坡式布置锚链导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移50 m可使锚链顶端张力的对数值由约5.5增加为约10.6,而上坡式布置锚链导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移400 m仅使顶端张力的对数值由约7.2增加为约9.2。
图5(a)中对比了不同海底倾斜角度下,下坡式布置锚链的张力角与导缆孔水平位移的关系。与锚链的顶端张力相似,在海底倾斜角度给定的条件下,导缆孔沿着X轴方向的偏移对锚链张力角的影响较为显著,而导缆孔沿着Y轴方向的偏移对张力角影响则是有限的。当海底倾斜角度为5°时,随着目标锚链导缆孔的偏移距离逐渐增加,目标锚链的张力角值先迅速上升,并在导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移大于30 m后上升趋势显著放缓。在导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移小于30 m时,目标锚链的张力角由初始的约32°迅速增长为79°左右,而在30 m至50 m的区域内,目标锚链的张力角仅增大约2°。随着海底倾斜角度增大为15°,目标锚链张力角随导缆孔移动而增加的趋势显著放缓,在导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离小于2 m时出现了一个较窄的平缓变化区域。在海底倾斜角度为15°时,目标锚链张力角的快速上升区间为导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移为0~20 m的区间,在此区间内张力角由45°迅速增长为69°左右,而在20~50 m的区间内张力角仅增大约2°。当海底倾斜角度进一步增加到30°时,在导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移为0~20 m的区间内,目标锚链张力角出现了明显的平缓变化区域,并在20~30 m的区间内张力角由41°上升为55°。与锚链顶端张力类似,在海底倾斜角度较小的情况下,锚链张力角对导缆孔的水平位移相对敏感,且随着海底倾斜角度的增加,在导缆孔偏移的前期张力角会出现一个平缓变化区域。
图5(b)为不同海底倾斜角度下,上坡式布置锚链的张力角与导缆孔偏移的关系图。总体上看,在三种不同的海底倾斜角度下,目标锚链的张力角都以接近线性的趋势随导缆孔偏移量的增加而增加。当海底倾斜角度为5°时,目标锚链的张力角的增加趋势最显著,由初始的10°左右增长为最终的约69°。当海底倾斜角度增加为15°时,目标锚链的张力角的增长趋势与倾斜角为5°时相近,在相同的导缆孔偏移范围内,张力角由初始的9°左右增长为最终的约72°。海底倾斜角度为30°时,锚链张力角的增长趋势最不明显,其锚链张力角的数值仅由最初的约5°增长到最终的50°左右。不同于下坡式布置的锚链,上坡式布置的锚链在不同的海底倾斜角度下的张力角并未出现平缓变化区域,其张力角在整个导缆孔偏移过程中均表现为稳定增长。
对比图5可以发现,海底倾斜角度越小,导缆孔水平位移对锚链张力角的影响越显著,而随着海底倾斜角度的增加,导缆孔水平位移对锚链张力角的影响则逐渐减弱。在海底倾斜角度较大时,下坡式布置锚链张力角会在导缆孔偏移的前期出现一个平缓变化区域,而后随着海底倾斜角度的增加而扩大。然而,该区域并不会出现在上坡式布置的锚链上。在海底倾斜角度相同时,导缆孔水平位移对下坡式布置锚链张力角的影响明显强于上坡式布置锚链。
图6(a)为不同海底倾斜角度下,下坡式布置锚链的悬线长度与导缆孔偏移的相对关系。海底倾斜角度对目标锚链悬线长度的影响总体上与锚链顶端张力相似。在海底倾斜角度为5°时,目标锚链的悬线长度以接近抛物线的形式随导缆孔偏移量的增加而增加,但当导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离小于30 m时,悬线长度的增长趋势显著放缓。在海底倾斜角度增加到15°时,在导缆孔偏移的初始阶段,目标锚链的悬线长度出现了一个较窄的平缓变化区域。随着导缆孔偏移量的进一步增加,悬线长度的增加趋势变明显,锚链的悬线长度迅速由约190 m上升至1000 m。当导缆孔沿X轴方向的偏移距离大于45 m时,悬线长度的增长趋势再次变缓。在海底倾斜角度为30°时,目标锚链悬线长度值在导缆孔沿X轴方向偏移为0~15 m的范围内出现了明显的平缓变化区域。随着导缆孔位移的进一步增加,目标锚链悬线长度以接近抛物线的形式增长,并最终由220 m上升至670 m。下坡式布置的锚链在海底倾斜角度较小的情况下,其导缆孔的水平偏移对其悬线长度的影响较为显著,较小的导缆孔偏移也能造成较为显著的悬线长度增长,这种条件下在导缆孔偏移的前期锚链的悬线长度不会出现平缓变化区域。随着海底倾斜角度的增大,导缆孔水平偏移对下坡式布置锚链悬线长度的影响逐渐减小,在导缆孔偏移的前期,锚链悬线长度的平缓变化区域逐渐扩大。在相同的偏移距离下,海底倾斜角度较大时锚链悬线长度的增量要略小于海底倾斜角度较小时的情况。
图6(b)中对比了不同海底倾斜角度下,上坡式布置锚链悬线长度随导缆孔偏移的变化趋势。在海底倾斜角度为5°时,目标锚链悬线长度以指数形式随导缆孔的偏移而增加,悬线长度由初始时的约700 m上升至最终的约2800 m。在海底倾斜角度为15°时,目标锚链悬线长度同样以指数形式随导缆孔偏移量的增加而增加,但其增长趋势略小于海底倾斜角度为15°的情况,最终目标锚链悬线长度由约650 m上升至2500 m。随着海底的倾斜角度进一步增加到30°,目标锚链悬线长度随导缆孔偏移的增长趋势进一步减缓,其上升趋势接近线性并最终由约600 m上升至约1200 m。对比不同海底倾斜角度下的结果可以发现,在海底倾斜角度较小的情况下,导缆孔的水平偏移对上坡式布置锚链的悬线长度的影响较为显著。随着海底倾斜角度的增大,锚链悬线长度随导缆孔偏移的增长由指数形式减缓为线性。
对比图6可以发现,不同海底倾斜角度下锚链悬线长度的变化趋势与锚链顶端张力和张力角相似,两种不同布置形式锚链的悬线长度都随导缆孔偏移量的增加而增加。海底倾斜角度越小,导缆孔水平位移对锚链悬线长度的影响越显著,而随海底倾斜角度的增加,导缆孔水平位移对锚链悬线长度的影响则逐渐减弱。在海底倾斜角度较大时,下坡式布置锚链悬线长度会在导缆孔偏移的前期出现一个平缓变化区域,并随着海底倾斜角度的增加而扩大。对于上坡式布置的锚链,类似的平缓变化区域并不会出现。同时,在海底倾斜角度相同时,导缆孔水平位移对下坡式布置锚链悬线长度的影响要明显强于上坡式布置锚链。
基于集中质量法,本文对非平坦海底地形条件下的悬链式锚链静态特性进行了研究,讨论了锚链的布置方式、海底倾斜角度对锚链顶端张力、张力角和悬线长度的影响规律。主要结论如下:(1)对于上坡式布置的锚链,海底的倾斜角度越小,导缆孔水平位移对锚链顶端张力、张力角和悬线长度的影响越显著;随着海底倾斜角度的增加,这种影响逐渐减弱。(2)非平坦海底地形对下坡式布置锚链的影响与上坡式布置锚链相似,但在海底倾斜角度较大时,下坡式布置锚链的顶端张力、张力角和悬线长度会出现一个平缓变化区域。(3)在海底倾斜角度相同时,导缆孔水平位移对下坡式布置锚链顶端张力、张力角和悬线长度的影响要明显强于上坡式布置锚链。当海底倾斜角度较大时,顶端张力、张力角和悬线长度平缓变化的特性对于浅水地形下的浮体系泊系统设计非常不利,需要引起特别注意,必要时需要进一步探究系泊系统动态响应特性或浮体系泊耦合响应特性,为浅水水域浮体系泊系统设计和安全性能评估提供重要参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51709170)
  • 工信部LNG燃料发电船工程开发项目([2018]473号)
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2024年第28卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.005
  • 接收时间:2024-04-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-12
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51709170)
工信部LNG燃料发电船工程开发项目([2018]473号)
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    1.上海交通大学 海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
    2.沪东中华造船有限公司开发研究所,上海 200129

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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