Article(id=1243880298178523689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716393600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493773263, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1732032000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493773263, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493773263, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493773263, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243880295267676686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='11', pageStart='1633', pageEnd='1802', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493772569, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774494101943, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881676808499395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881676808499396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880295267676686, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1731, endPage=1741, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243880298518262322, articleId=1243880298178523689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Structural strength of medium-thick shell based on three dimensional stress analysis method, columnId=1242129251223274417, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Structural Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The deep-sea pressure structure gradually presents the characteristics of a medium-thick shell, and their structural stress characteristics are significantly different from those of a traditional thin shell. Taking a deep-sea unmanned system head cover reinforced with rectangular ribs as the object, the strength of medium-thick shells was studied based on the three dimensional stress analysis method of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells. Firstly, the correctness of the calculation of the three dimensional stress method on the cylindrical shell was tested by examples in other literatures, then the typical stress calculation of the main structure of head cover and the stress characteristics of the medium-thick shell were studied, and finally the stress level and distribution of the shell and rib in the typical area of the head cover were calculated based on the assumption of the equivalent rib spacing. Compared with the finite element simulation calculation and model test results, the three dimensional stress analysis method has good applicability and engineering accuracy for the stress calculation of medium-thick shell pressure structures, which can provide a reference for the strength analysis of deep-sea pressure structures and the theoretical research of medium-thick shells.

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深海耐压结构的应用设计逐渐呈现采用中厚壳结构的特征,其结构应力特性与传统薄壳结构相比具有明显差异。本文以采用矩形肋骨加强的深海无人系统头盖结构为对象,基于环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法对中厚壳耐压结构强度开展研究。首先,通过文献中的算例检验三维应力方法计算程序关于环肋圆柱壳结构计算的正确性,然后对头盖主体结构进行典型应力计算,研究中厚壳结构受力特性,最后通过等效肋骨间距假设,计算获取头盖复杂结构典型区域壳板和肋骨的应力水平和分布规律。与有限元仿真计算和模型试验结果比较表明,三维应力分析方法用于中厚壳耐压结构应力计算时具有较好的适用性和工程精度,可以为深海耐压结构强度分析和中厚壳结构理论研究提供参考。

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陈沙古(1984-),男,高级工程师,E-mail:

吴智睿(1996-),男,工程师。

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Research on validation technology of standard model for strength prediction of underwater pressure bearing ring ribbed cylindrical shell[C]//The First Ship Overall Performance CAE Software Innovation and Development Seminar, 2023., articleTitle=Research on validation technology of standard model for strength prediction of underwater pressure bearing ring ribbed cylindrical shell, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243880313911357687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=高原, 周成, 孙军, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高原,周成,孙军. 结构强度性能标准模型试验报告[R]. 无锡:中国船舶科学研究中心,230717., articleTitle=结构强度性能标准模型试验报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243880314016215290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=Gao Yuan, Zhou Cheng, Sun Jun, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gao Yuan, Zhou Cheng, Sun Jun. Test report of structural strength performance standard model[R]. 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articleId=1243880298178523689, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Calculation results of T-shaped ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算例肋骨处壳板内表面纵向应力σ1/MPa肋骨间中部壳板中面周向应力σ2/MPaT形肋骨面板应力σf/MPa
文献[12] t/R=2.8%本文方法计算值-611.2-572.6-219.0
文献中计算值-615.9-556.8-243.3
文献中试验值-559.3-565.2-221.6
t/R=5%本文方法计算值-260.7-315.1-165.6
有限元计算值-248.7-314.7-173.9
误差4.8%0.1%-4.8%
t/R=10%本文方法计算值-103.7-159.5-101.0
有限元计算值-99.1-161.2-106.5
误差4.6%-1.1%-5.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880309553475638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

T形环肋圆柱壳算例计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算例肋骨处壳板内表面纵向应力σ1/MPa肋骨间中部壳板中面周向应力σ2/MPaT形肋骨面板应力σf/MPa
文献[12] t/R=2.8%本文方法计算值-611.2-572.6-219.0
文献中计算值-615.9-556.8-243.3
文献中试验值-559.3-565.2-221.6
t/R=5%本文方法计算值-260.7-315.1-165.6
有限元计算值-248.7-314.7-173.9
误差4.8%0.1%-4.8%
t/R=10%本文方法计算值-103.7-159.5-101.0
有限元计算值-99.1-161.2-106.5
误差4.6%-1.1%-5.2%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880309649944634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation results of rectangular ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算例肋骨处壳板内表面纵向应力σ1/MPa肋骨间中部壳板中面周向应力σ2/MPa矩形肋骨面板应力σf/MPa
文献[13-14] t/R=1.1%本文方法计算值-666.4-446.0-238.1
文献中计算值-649.3-443.5-265.9
文献中试验值-562.0-422.4-227.4
t/R=3%本文方法计算值-136.1-183.7-129.2
有限元计算值-136.6-186.6-132.2
误差-0.4%-1.6%-2.3%
t/R=6%本文方法计算值-62.9-103.6-75.3
有限元计算值-61.3-105.3-77.1
误差2.5%-1.6%-2.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880309788356671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

矩形环肋圆柱壳算例计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算例肋骨处壳板内表面纵向应力σ1/MPa肋骨间中部壳板中面周向应力σ2/MPa矩形肋骨面板应力σf/MPa
文献[13-14] t/R=1.1%本文方法计算值-666.4-446.0-238.1
文献中计算值-649.3-443.5-265.9
文献中试验值-562.0-422.4-227.4
t/R=3%本文方法计算值-136.1-183.7-129.2
有限元计算值-136.6-186.6-132.2
误差-0.4%-1.6%-2.3%
t/R=6%本文方法计算值-62.9-103.6-75.3
有限元计算值-61.3-105.3-77.1
误差2.5%-1.6%-2.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880309905797190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Calculation results of ring-stiffened cylindrical shell of the head cover

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应力名称2道肋骨的应力值3道肋骨的应力值4道肋骨的应力值
肋骨根部外表面-484.7-577.0-617.8
壳板周向应力σ2内表面-750.1-733.8-730.4
肋骨根部外表面-176.4-302.0-353.5
壳板纵向应力σ1内表面-706.4-580.7-529.2
肋骨跨中
壳板周向应力σ2
外表面-751.8-707.1-697.3
内表面-675.1-682.3-695.0
中面-713.5-694.7-696.1
肋骨跨中外表面-571.0-510.9-485.3
壳板纵向应力σ1内表面-311.8-371.9-397.4
肋骨周向应力σf内圆-493.3-516.0-528.9
外圆-419.6-442.8-458.1
), ArticleFig(id=1243880310010654797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

主体结构环肋圆柱壳应力计算结果(单位:MPa)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应力名称2道肋骨的应力值3道肋骨的应力值4道肋骨的应力值
肋骨根部外表面-484.7-577.0-617.8
壳板周向应力σ2内表面-750.1-733.8-730.4
肋骨根部外表面-176.4-302.0-353.5
壳板纵向应力σ1内表面-706.4-580.7-529.2
肋骨跨中
壳板周向应力σ2
外表面-751.8-707.1-697.3
内表面-675.1-682.3-695.0
中面-713.5-694.7-696.1
肋骨跨中外表面-571.0-510.9-485.3
壳板纵向应力σ1内表面-311.8-371.9-397.4
肋骨周向应力σf内圆-493.3-516.0-528.9
外圆-419.6-442.8-458.1
), ArticleFig(id=1243880310136483922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Structural stress results for typical parts of the model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
本文方法计算值有限元计算值试验值
壳板外表面周向应力-836.0-825.9-829.9
肋骨应力-427.8-426.1-405.9
), ArticleFig(id=1243880310237147224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880298178523689, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型典型部位结构应力结果比较(单位:MPa)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
本文方法计算值有限元计算值试验值
壳板外表面周向应力-836.0-825.9-829.9
肋骨应力-427.8-426.1-405.9
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基于三维应力方法的中厚壳耐压结构强度研究
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陈沙古 1, 2 , 吴智睿 1, 2 , 高原 1, 2 , 谢晓忠 1, 2 , 冯令良 1, 2
船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024,28(11): 1731-1741
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船舶力学 | 结构力学 2024, 28(11): 1731-1741
基于三维应力方法的中厚壳耐压结构强度研究
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陈沙古1, 2 , 吴智睿1, 2, 高原1, 2, 谢晓忠1, 2, 冯令良1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 陈沙古(1984-),男,高级工程师,E-mail:

    吴智睿(1996-),男,工程师。

Structural strength of medium-thick shell based on three dimensional stress analysis method
Sha-gu CHEN1, 2 , Zhi-rui WU1, 2, Yuan GAO1, 2, Xiao-zhong XIE1, 2, Ling-liang FENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
  • 2.Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2024-11-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.010
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深海耐压结构的应用设计逐渐呈现采用中厚壳结构的特征,其结构应力特性与传统薄壳结构相比具有明显差异。本文以采用矩形肋骨加强的深海无人系统头盖结构为对象,基于环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法对中厚壳耐压结构强度开展研究。首先,通过文献中的算例检验三维应力方法计算程序关于环肋圆柱壳结构计算的正确性,然后对头盖主体结构进行典型应力计算,研究中厚壳结构受力特性,最后通过等效肋骨间距假设,计算获取头盖复杂结构典型区域壳板和肋骨的应力水平和分布规律。与有限元仿真计算和模型试验结果比较表明,三维应力分析方法用于中厚壳耐压结构应力计算时具有较好的适用性和工程精度,可以为深海耐压结构强度分析和中厚壳结构理论研究提供参考。

耐压结构  /  中厚壳  /  矩形肋骨  /  三维应力  /  结构强度

The deep-sea pressure structure gradually presents the characteristics of a medium-thick shell, and their structural stress characteristics are significantly different from those of a traditional thin shell. Taking a deep-sea unmanned system head cover reinforced with rectangular ribs as the object, the strength of medium-thick shells was studied based on the three dimensional stress analysis method of ring-stiffened cylindrical shells. Firstly, the correctness of the calculation of the three dimensional stress method on the cylindrical shell was tested by examples in other literatures, then the typical stress calculation of the main structure of head cover and the stress characteristics of the medium-thick shell were studied, and finally the stress level and distribution of the shell and rib in the typical area of the head cover were calculated based on the assumption of the equivalent rib spacing. Compared with the finite element simulation calculation and model test results, the three dimensional stress analysis method has good applicability and engineering accuracy for the stress calculation of medium-thick shell pressure structures, which can provide a reference for the strength analysis of deep-sea pressure structures and the theoretical research of medium-thick shells.

pressure structure  /  medium-thick shell  /  rectangular rib  /  three dimensional stress  /  structural strength
陈沙古, 吴智睿, 高原, 谢晓忠, 冯令良. 基于三维应力方法的中厚壳耐压结构强度研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (11) : 1731 -1741 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.010
Sha-gu CHEN, Zhi-rui WU, Yuan GAO, Xiao-zhong XIE, Ling-liang FENG. Structural strength of medium-thick shell based on three dimensional stress analysis method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (11) : 1731 -1741 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.010
深海耐压结构可以为人员、设备或系统提供水下常压环境,是深海装备不可或缺的重要组成部分。为了抵抗巨大的深水压力,深海耐压结构必须具备足够的强度以保证结构安全性,其中圆柱壳作为一种最为典型的深海耐压结构形式,其受力特性、空间利用率和加工工艺等综合性能良好,在潜艇、潜水器、深海无人系统等深海装备中被广泛采用[1-2]。传统情况下深海耐压圆柱壳结构的厚度远小于其在半径和长度方向的尺寸,比如潜艇上采用的圆柱耐压壳体,其厚度一般不大于壳体半径的1%[3],是典型的薄壳结构。
随着深海技术的不断发展,深海装备的作业潜深越来越深[45],为保证耐压结构的安全可靠,其壳体设计厚度相对越来越厚,如全海深载人潜水器球壳的厚度半径比可达10%[6],工作潜深2000 m的钛合金圆柱耐压舱的厚度半径比达7%[7],其结构参数超出一般薄壳结构范畴,逐渐呈现出中厚壳的新结构特征。陈沙古等[8]通过研究分析不同厚度特征参数(t/R)的环肋圆柱壳,发现较厚环肋圆柱壳结构的应力特性与传统薄壳结构相比具有明显差异,指出基于薄壳理论的解析计算方法如果用于大厚度环肋圆柱壳结构强度计算会引起较大误差。基于薄壳理论的环肋圆柱壳力学模型[9-10]主要围绕壳体面内二维应力进行分析,忽略了面内法向的静水压力载荷影响以及沿壳体厚度方向的应力情况。陈沙古等[11]通过简化力学模型和肋骨作用力函数假设,提出一种考虑壳体面内法向载荷和沿厚度方向应力影响的环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法。
本文以某深海无人系统头盖结构为研究对象,根据环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法编写计算程序,对中厚壳耐压结构强度开展研究。由于头盖主体部分为非轴对称环肋圆柱壳,结构形式复杂,作者首先研究分析其环肋圆柱壳结构的受力特性,为头盖结构加强方案的确定提供依据。再针对具体加强的头盖结构,通过系列计算获得该复杂结构典型区域内壳板和肋骨的应力,研究分析其应力水平和分布规律,并将头盖结构典型应力的解析计算结果与有限元仿真计算和模型试验结果进行比较,得出了一些积极的结果。
头盖结构是某深海无人系统的重要耐压结构,包括模块1和模块2两部分,两模块之间通过斜置法兰连接,法兰通过爆炸螺栓、O形密封圈进行紧固密封,如图1所示,头盖结构与深海无人系统主体通过金属螺栓连接。
头盖的两部分模块采用爆炸螺栓解锁、作动推杆推开的方式实现分离,因此头盖结构需要兼顾深海耐压和快速分离的安全性,其结构方案如图2所示,耐压壳体设计厚度为29 mm,柱壳内半径为525 mm,采用矩形肋骨加强方式,结构特征参数t/R=5.5%,是较为典型的中厚壳耐压结构。
环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法的力学模型如图3所示,环肋圆柱壳分解为圆柱壳、肋骨腹板、肋骨面板三部分,假定肋骨对相邻肋间圆柱壳的等效支撑作用力符合分布函数fz),圆柱壳与肋骨腹板之间的作用力为f1,肋骨腹板与面板之间的作用力为f2。圆柱壳视为轴向上连续的单位宽度梁环,肋骨腹板视为圆环板,肋骨面板视为圆环壳。显然,圆柱壳梁环的载荷包括静水压力p、水压轴向作用力T、肋骨作用力fz)三部分,而肋骨腹板圆环板和面板圆环壳的载荷示意如图4所示。
环肋圆柱壳在轴向上一般以等间距肋骨布置进行加强,是典型的轴对称结构,如图5所示,定义其结构参数符号如下:(1)圆柱壳内半径Ri、外半径Ro、厚度t;(2)T型肋骨的腹板高度H、厚度δ,面板宽度W、厚度b,相邻肋骨之间的间距l;(3)肋骨面板外圆半径Rfo、内圆半径Rfi。此外,E为材料弹性模量,μ为材料的泊松比。
文献[11]根据环肋圆柱壳简化力学模型,应用弹性力学平面问题分析方法,导出了环肋圆柱壳结构三维应力计算等式和作用力参数fz)、f1f2的求解过程。本文直接列出其应力计算一般式。
(1)圆柱壳梁环的三维应力
式中,σrrz)、σθrz)、σzrz)分别为圆柱壳梁环的径向应力、周向应力、纵向应力,均为双变量函数,单位为MPa;变量r表示沿极坐标下圆柱壳的径向方向,z表示沿圆柱壳的母线方向;Az)、C(z)为与z相关的参数,m = Ro/Ri为圆柱壳内外半径之比。
(2)肋骨腹板的三维应力
式中,σrFr)、σθFr)、σzFr)分别为肋骨腹板圆环板的径向应力、周向应力、纵向应力,均为单变量函数,单位为MPa;n = Rfi/Ro为肋骨腹板圆环板的内外半径之比。
(3)肋骨面板的三维应力
式中,σrMr)、σθMr)、σzMr)分别为肋骨面板圆环的的径向应力、周向应力、纵向应力,均为单变量函数,单位为MPa;k = Rfo/Rfi为肋骨面板圆环壳的内外半径之比。
根据环肋圆柱壳三维应力计算方法,通过式(1)~(3)代入圆柱壳各处位置对应的坐标变量rz,即可得到圆柱壳的各项典型应力计算式,编制应力计算程序可实现快速计算环肋圆柱壳任意位置的应力情况。为检验应力计算方法与计算程序的正确性,将文献[12]中的T形环肋圆柱壳和文献[13-14]中的矩形环肋圆柱壳结构作为算例进行计算。
上述T形环肋圆柱壳结构[12]的特征参数t/R=2.8%,结构参数为:圆柱壳内半径R=500 mm,壳板厚度t=14 mm;肋骨间距l=400 mm,T形肋骨面板50 mm×12 mm,腹板90 mm×10 mm;材料弹性模量E=1.96×105 MPa,泊松比μ=0.3,计算压力为15 MPa。同时,在此基础上调整壳板厚度t进行不同径厚比的算例计算,并与采用平面实体单元的有限元仿真计算结果进行比较,计算结果列于表1
文献[13-14]中矩形环肋圆柱壳结构特征参数t/R=1.1%,结构参数为:圆柱壳内半径R=285.5 mm,壳板厚度t=3 mm;肋骨间距l=54 mm,矩形肋骨高30 mm、宽度4.8 mm;材料弹性模量E=2×105 MPa,泊松比μ=0.3,计算压力为6.6 MPa。同时在此基础上调整壳板厚度t进行不同径厚比的算例计算,并与采用平面实体单元的有限元仿真计算结果进行比较,计算结果列于表2
计算结果表明:(1)关于肋骨处壳板应力,本文方法的计算值与文献中的计算值基本一致,且均大于试验值(分析原因:因肋骨加强,该处壳板纵向应力的梯度较大,试验贴片时测得的是该处的平均应力,一般较难测得其峰值);(2)关于肋骨间中部壳板应力,本文方法计算值与文献中的计算值基本一致,且与试验值相比本文计算值偏安全,其中文献[14]算例的计算结果与试验值相差稍大(分析原因:该矩形环肋圆柱壳肋骨间距很小,试验贴片时测得的是肋骨间中部相对较大区域的平均应力);(3)关于肋骨应力,本文方法计算值比文献中的计算值更符合试验结果;(4)随着圆柱壳结构特征参数t/R的增大,本文方法计算值与有限元仿真计算结果吻合较好,进一步表明三维应力分析方法对于厚壳结构具有较好的适应性。由此,算例结果证明了三维应力计算方法的可靠性和程序的正确性。
根据头盖结构方案,其整体结构由圆柱壳、锥壳、球壳、斜置法兰等组成,但由于肋骨被斜法兰切断,其主体部分的环肋圆柱壳在整体上表现为非轴对称的复杂结构。为研究头盖结构强度特性,按图6所示分离出环肋圆柱壳结构参数进行应力计算,其中肋骨剖面参数、肋骨间距作为变量进行研究分析。
在结构重量相同的情况下,采用三维应力分析方法,头盖主体结构环肋圆柱壳分别采用2道肋骨(肋骨100 mm×28 mm、间距220 mm)、3道肋骨(肋骨94 mm×20 mm、间距160 mm)、4道肋骨(肋骨88 mm×16 mm、间距130 mm)加强的主要应力计算结果列于表3,其中计算压力取45 MPa,材料弹性模量为1.96×105 MPa,泊松比为0.3。
分析表3中应力计算情况,结果表明:
(1)在肋骨根部处,壳板的周向应力大于其纵向应力,与传统薄圆柱壳的应力特性有一定差异,中厚圆柱壳应力校核时不仅要关注肋骨处的壳板纵向应力,也要注意其壳板周向应力水平;
(2)除了纵向弯曲应力外,由于壳板较厚,圆柱壳板周向也存在较大的弯曲应力,应力水平随着肋骨间距的缩短而降低,肋骨跨中壳板应力强度一般校核中面周向膜应力,而较大肋骨间距的中厚圆柱壳可能出现壳板中面应力满足要求而表面应力超过材料屈服强度的风险。
(3)随着肋骨增加、间距缩短,圆柱壳壳板的应力水平将降低,但肋骨自身应力水平将增加,由于肋骨与壳板的许用应力差别较大,因此肋骨加强设计时要权衡这种受力特性。
总的来看,采用三种肋骨布置方式的环肋圆柱壳应力水平总体相当,综合考虑斜法兰的布置工艺,肋骨需尽量简化,头盖结构圆柱壳可采用2道矩形肋骨进行加强。
头盖结构复杂,其主体部分也并非标准的肋骨布置方式。由于斜法兰切断环向肋骨,肋骨与法兰之间为变间距的非轴对称圆柱壳,三维应力分析方法是基于肋骨对临近壳板的等效加强作用力函数,因此可将该被切断的非轴对称圆柱壳视为不同等效肋骨间距的局部结构,即将头盖肋骨与法兰之间的变间距L视为不同量的相邻肋骨间距l,利用三维应力分析方法进行应力计算,可以得到头盖结构圆柱壳壳板、肋骨的典型应力结果,其应力水平随间距的变化趋势如图7所示。显然,间距越大,对应的圆柱壳板应力和肋骨应力水平越高。该计算结果能反映头盖结构典型应力特性,如图中的肋骨内、外圆周向应力曲线包络就反映了切断肋骨的应力水平和分布规律。
为比较分析头盖结构应力特性,利用有限元软件对头盖结构强度进行数值仿真计算。选取3维20节点固体结构单元SOLID186建立头盖结构有限元模型,在模型外部施加面压力载荷45 MPa,约束球冠顶部UXUY变形、约束模型端部法兰底面UXUYUZ变形,斜法兰两侧设置接触单元约束,有限元模型及结构变形、应力云图如图8所示。
根据有限元仿真计算结果,提取头盖结构相关应力云图与本文解析计算值进行比较,主要应力结果比较如图9~12所示。
图9为肋骨应力计算结果,由于被斜法兰切断,肋骨周向上为非完整环向结构,肋骨周向应力沿环向渐进分布,靠近法兰处应力小,远离法兰处应力大,其中远离法兰最大处(即肋骨对称纵剖面顶部),肋骨应力解析计算值内圆的周向应力为-503.1 MPa、外圆的周向应力为427.8 MPa,与有限元仿真结果基本一致(肋骨内圆的周向应力最大值为535.8 MPa、外圆最大值为-426.1 MPa)。
图10为肋骨与斜法兰之间中部壳板周向应力计算结果,在间距小区域,中部壳板内外表面的周向应力基本一致;当间距较大时,中部壳板周向弯曲应力逐渐增大,在最大间距对应处(即肋骨对称纵剖面顶部),壳板外表面周向应力最大,解析计算值为-836.0 MPa,与有限元结果基本一致(-825.9 MPa)。
图11-12为肋骨根部圆柱壳板应力计算结果,壳板应力沿环向渐进分布,靠近法兰处应力小,远离法兰处应力大,随着远离法兰对应肋骨根部壳板弯曲应力越来越大(纵向弯曲应力最大为343.5 MPa,周向弯曲应力最大为167.3 MPa,在肋骨对称纵剖面顶部对应处),壳板内表面纵向应力、周向应力解析计算值分别为-784.9 MP、-786.3 MPa,与有限元结果相当(分别为-742.7 MPa和-768.2 MPa)。
根据图2所示的头盖结构方案,采用高强钢(材料名义弹性模量为1.96×105 MPa,泊松比为0.3,屈服强度为785 MPa)加工结构模型进行静水外压试验,试验在中国船舶科学研究中心青岛分部的930压力筒内完成,如图13所示,模型外压试验验证了头盖结构强度性能。
将模型试验中的应力测量结果推算至本文前述的计算应力,表4列出了模型典型部位的结构应力结果,其中肋骨与斜法兰之间的中部壳板外表面周向应力解析计算最大值为-836.0 MPa,有限元仿真值为-825.9 MPa,模型试验值为-829.9 MPa;矩形肋骨外圆周向应力解析计算最大值为-427.8 MPa,有限元仿真值为-426.1 MPa,模型试验值为-405.9 MPa。本文关于模型典型部位的结构应力计算值与试验值比较吻合,且前者结果偏安全。
本文以深海无人系统头盖结构为对象,应用环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法对中厚壳耐压结构强度开展研究,主要结论如下:
(1)通过对相关文献中的T形和矩形环肋圆柱壳算例进行计算分析,表明基于环肋圆柱壳三维应力分析方法的结构应力计算程序准确可靠。
(2)以头盖主体结构为对象研究中厚壳结构强度,其应力特性与传统薄圆柱壳相比具有明显差异,强度校核时有必要关注其肋骨处壳板内表面周向应力和跨中壳板外表面周向应力情况。
(3)利用等效肋骨间距假设,通过系列计算,研究分析了头盖复杂结构典型区域壳板和肋骨的应力特性,应力解析计算结果与有限元仿真计算和模型试验的结果较为吻合。
研究表明,三维应力分析方法用于中厚壳耐压结构应力计算具有较好的适用性和工程精度,可以为深海耐压结构强度分析和中厚壳结构理论研究提供参考。
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.11.010
  • 接收时间:2024-05-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-23
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    1.中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
    2.深海技术科学太湖实验室,江苏 无锡 214082
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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