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Article(id=1243880215248745154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713628800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493753492, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493753492, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493753492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493753492, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243880211004113260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='10', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493752479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774494057708, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1486, endPage=1495, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243880215563317956, articleId=1243880215248745154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Propeller cavitation and induced pressure fluctuation in non-uniform wake, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the propeller cavitation and induced pressure fluctuation in non-uniform wake, a multi-field synchronous measurement system was used to carry out tests in a cavitation tunnel for a highly skewed propeller (HSP) and explore the influence of advance coefficient and cavitation number on the propeller cavitation performance and fluctuating pressure characteristics. The results show that the propeller cavitation appears in the test mainly in three types: back cavitation, face cavitation and tip vortex cavitation. Low-frequency pressure fluctuation is highly correlated to the cavity volume oscillation. Under non-cavitation condition, the first blade passing frequency is the main component of pressure fluctuation while the amplitude of higher blade passing frequency component can be ignored by comparing the contributions of each blade passing frequency component of the whole pressure fluctuation. Under cavitation condition, the unsteady cavitation has a great impact on the pressure fluctuation. The higher blade passing frequency components can be obviously observed, and the amplitude of main frequency pressure fluctuation increases significantly.The variation of pressure will become more observable with the increase of intensity of cavitation evolution process. The higher order blade frequency component of pulsating pressure increases obviously when tip vortex cavitation is present.

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针对某船用大侧斜螺旋桨（HSP），采用多场同步测量系统，在空泡水筒内开展螺旋桨空泡演化及其脉动压力特性试验研究，探究进速系数和空化数对螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性的影响。试验结果表明：螺旋桨出现的空泡类型包括叶背空泡、叶面空泡和梢涡空泡，低频脉动压力与空泡体积振荡相关。在无空泡情况下，对比各阶叶频分量对脉动压力的影响，一阶叶频为主要分量，可忽略高阶叶频分量的幅值；空泡产生后，非定常空泡演化对螺旋桨脉动压力性能影响较大，脉动压力出现明显高阶叶频分量，同时主频脉动压力幅值显著增加，空泡发展过程越剧烈，变化越显著；当出现不稳定的梢涡空泡时，脉动压力高阶叶频分量明显增大。

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通讯作者，E-mail：
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叶哲豪（1997-），男，硕士研究生

吴钦（1989-），女，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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叶哲豪（1997-），男，硕士研究生

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叶哲豪（1997-），男，硕士研究生

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3.北京理工大学　重庆创新中心，重庆　401120, bio={"content":"

吴钦（1989-），女，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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吴钦（1989-），女，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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figureFileBig=7A1Zf0pwUXaUlkEbSB7VRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243880225625452669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880215248745154, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同有效空化数下脉动压力频谱分布云图, figureFileSmall=JJB1UIb//IheWYxQAgPh7w==, figureFileBig=7A1Zf0pwUXaUlkEbSB7VRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243880225709338752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880215248745154, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Geometric parameters of propeller

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参数数值参数数值
直径/mm250毂径比0.1972
螺距比0.92侧斜角/°45
盘面比0.7纵倾角/°-3.03
叶片数5叶厚比0.0496
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螺旋桨几何参数

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参数数值参数数值
直径/mm250毂径比0.1972
螺距比0.92侧斜角/°45
盘面比0.7纵倾角/°-3.03
叶片数5叶厚比0.0496
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非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性研究
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叶哲豪 1 , 胡宜静 1 , 伍锐 2 , 刘恒 2 , 吴钦 1, 3
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(10): 1486-1495
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(10): 1486-1495
非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性研究
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叶哲豪1, 胡宜静1, 伍锐2, 刘恒2, 吴钦1, 3
作者信息
  • 1.北京理工大　学机械与车辆学院，北京　100081
  • 2.上海船舶运输科学研究所，航运技术与安全国家重点实验室，航运技术交通行业重点实验室，上海　200135
  • 3.北京理工大学　重庆创新中心，重庆　401120

    • 叶哲豪（1997-），男，硕士研究生

    吴钦（1989-），女，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

通讯作者:

通讯作者，E-mail：
Propeller cavitation and induced pressure fluctuation in non-uniform wake
Zhe-hao YE1, Yi-jing HU1, Rui WU2, Heng LIU2, Qin WU1, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Shipping Technology and Safety, Key Laboratory of Marine Technology Ministry of Communications, Shanghai Ship and Shipping Research Institute, Shanghai 200135, China
  • 3.Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.003
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摘要
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针对某船用大侧斜螺旋桨（HSP），采用多场同步测量系统，在空泡水筒内开展螺旋桨空泡演化及其脉动压力特性试验研究，探究进速系数和空化数对螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性的影响。试验结果表明：螺旋桨出现的空泡类型包括叶背空泡、叶面空泡和梢涡空泡，低频脉动压力与空泡体积振荡相关。在无空泡情况下，对比各阶叶频分量对脉动压力的影响，一阶叶频为主要分量，可忽略高阶叶频分量的幅值；空泡产生后，非定常空泡演化对螺旋桨脉动压力性能影响较大，脉动压力出现明显高阶叶频分量，同时主频脉动压力幅值显著增加，空泡发展过程越剧烈，变化越显著；当出现不稳定的梢涡空泡时，脉动压力高阶叶频分量明显增大。

空化  /  螺旋桨  /  脉动压力  /  非均匀流场

In order to study the propeller cavitation and induced pressure fluctuation in non-uniform wake, a multi-field synchronous measurement system was used to carry out tests in a cavitation tunnel for a highly skewed propeller (HSP) and explore the influence of advance coefficient and cavitation number on the propeller cavitation performance and fluctuating pressure characteristics. The results show that the propeller cavitation appears in the test mainly in three types: back cavitation, face cavitation and tip vortex cavitation. Low-frequency pressure fluctuation is highly correlated to the cavity volume oscillation. Under non-cavitation condition, the first blade passing frequency is the main component of pressure fluctuation while the amplitude of higher blade passing frequency component can be ignored by comparing the contributions of each blade passing frequency component of the whole pressure fluctuation. Under cavitation condition, the unsteady cavitation has a great impact on the pressure fluctuation. The higher blade passing frequency components can be obviously observed, and the amplitude of main frequency pressure fluctuation increases significantly.The variation of pressure will become more observable with the increase of intensity of cavitation evolution process. The higher order blade frequency component of pulsating pressure increases obviously when tip vortex cavitation is present.

cavitation  /  propeller  /  fluctuating pressure  /  non-uniform wake
叶哲豪, 胡宜静, 伍锐, 刘恒, 吴钦. 非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1486 -1495 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.003
Zhe-hao YE, Yi-jing HU, Rui WU, Heng LIU, Qin WU. Propeller cavitation and induced pressure fluctuation in non-uniform wake[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1486 -1495 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.003
正文
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0　引言
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螺旋桨作为大型船舶的重要组成部分，其性能是决定船舶能否高效航行的重要因素之一[1]。螺旋桨既是船舶的动力装置，也是引起船舶振动的重要激励源。大量研究表明，螺旋桨引起的振动约占船舶总振动问题的80%，是诱发船舶振动的主要因素[2-3]。螺旋桨产生的非定常激振力通常可分为由桨叶载荷通过轴系传递到船体的轴承力和由螺旋桨诱导的压力场通过水传递到船体表面的表面力两部分，后者即脉动压力，脉动压力是引起船舶剧烈振动的主要原因[4-5]。而空泡的发生、演变与溃灭过程将导致螺旋桨诱导的脉动压力骤增，导致船尾振动问题更加严重[6]。
目前，国内外学者围绕螺旋桨水动力与空化性能等开展了大量的研究。刘恒等[7]利用CFD软件STAR-CCM+模拟了非均匀流场下螺旋桨的空泡形态，准确预报了螺旋桨进出伴流区域叶背空泡的初生、发展、溃灭过程；Chang等[8]利用CCD相机捕捉了P4012螺旋桨的空化区域，并开发了一种图像处理和分析程序，获得空化发生概率的分布特性，发现空化发生区域主要集中在桨叶径向0.4R至0.7R之间；王雅楠[9]以E779A螺旋桨为基础，对四种叶型相同但叶片数量不同的螺旋桨进行了研究，发现叶片数的增加可以减少桨叶表面空化和梢涡空化，提高螺旋桨的空泡性能；Alimirzazadeh等[10]通过试验观测获得了DTMB P4119螺旋桨在均匀流场和非均匀流场中的空化形态，通过记录不同空化数和进速比下空化流场形态发现，在相同工况下，非均匀伴流的存在导致梢涡的厚度和长度减小；Yilmaz等[11]利用试验和数值方法对“皇家公主号”科考船的模型螺旋桨的空化水动力和空化性能进行了研究，发现空化对螺旋桨水动力性能影响较小，同时通过试验发现了梢涡空化的猝发现象。
近年来，研究人员逐渐关注非均匀来流下的螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性及其对空化稳定性的影响，研究主要采用缩比模型试验和数值模拟两种方法。伍锐等[12]通过缩比模型试验获得三种螺旋桨脉动压力信号，并通过脉动压力信号STFT谱分析了船底表面脉动压力的时频特性；张亚楠等[13]探究了螺旋桨脉动压力和梢隙比的关系，发现随着梢隙比的增加，螺旋桨脉动压力与梢隙比之间呈二次函数的关系逐渐降低，当梢隙比变化范围较小时，两者可近似简化为线性关系；徐野等[14]在大型循环水槽中使用完整船模开展了螺旋桨脉动压力测量，试验结果表明螺旋桨脉动压力的最大幅值随螺旋桨转速的增加而增大，不稳定的片空泡会导致脉动压力高阶分量明显增加，甚至超过一阶叶频分量；何朝晖等[15]基于k-ω SST湍流模型和Zwart-Gerber-Belamri空化模型对不同侧斜螺旋桨进行了数值模拟，研究发现增加螺旋桨侧斜角可以有效降低压力脉动峰值，抑制压力脉动的波动；陆芳[16]等针对实船螺旋桨空泡现象进行了试验研究，发现桨叶片空泡使得空泡诱导脉动压力的一阶叶频量显著增加，梢涡空泡强度、猝发强度增加引起脉动压力的二阶叶频及更高阶叶频的幅值也明显增加。
目前，国内外研究主要集中在螺旋桨的伴流场、螺旋桨几何等因素对其脉动压力特性的影响，针对螺旋桨不同空化形态诱导的脉动压力特性研究还相对较少。因此，本文针对船用大侧斜螺旋桨（HSP）开展缩比模型试验，获得不同空化数和进速系数条件下螺旋桨的空泡形态演变规律，分析不同空泡形态对螺旋桨脉动压力的影响，揭示非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性。
1　试验方法及装置
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1.1　螺旋桨模型及伴流分布
本文以日本Seiun-Maru船用大侧斜螺旋桨（HSP）为研究对象[17]，所用的螺旋桨模型直径D=250 mm，模型材料为铝合金，表面采用阳极化处理，螺旋桨外观如图1所示，几何参数如表1所示。
试验在上海船舶运输科学研究所有限公司的K15型中型空泡水筒[18]中进行。空泡水筒试验段长2.6 m，宽和高均为0.6 m，最高水速为12 m/s。采用J25动力仪测量螺旋桨推力和扭矩，空泡水筒配有调压箱和除气装置，具有可控性。根据船尾型线图，采用假体模拟伴流场，如图2（a）所示。使用梳状毕托耙测量对应螺旋桨桨盘处的各点流速，得到的伴流分布情况如图2（b）所示，图中ω=（V-VA）/V，V为船速，VA为螺旋桨进速。
1.2　脉动压力试验测量方法
为了分析螺旋桨非定常流场结构特征与脉动压力特性，采用空泡观测与脉动压力同步测量系统，如图3所示。采用IDT公司设计生产的Y3-S1高速相机捕捉流场中瞬态空泡形态，获取空化动态变化的时序特征，采集频率f =2520 Hz，根据螺旋桨转速计算可知，相邻两张照片相位差ΔФ=360×n/f=3°。采用上海半导体研究所研制的BY-924表压传感器[19]监测螺旋桨脉动压力，其量程为±70 kPa，采样频率为20 480 Hz。传感器监测信号由YD-28动态应变仪放大，再由瞬态波形存贮器采集贮存，最后输送至计算机。试验系统由上位机控制，同步触发高速相机观测系统和脉动压力测量系统的数据存储，从而实现多物理场同步测量。
如图4所示，脉动压力测量传感器固定于螺旋桨上方平板，平板距桨轴中心线218 mm，梢隙比为0.372。压力测置点P3位于桨叶十二点方向叶梢正上方，P1、P2、P4、P5以P3为圆心，50 mm为半径等距离圆周分布。
在空泡水筒中进行试验时，通过调节来流速度Um研究不同进速系数下螺旋桨的脉动压力特性。螺旋桨进速系数、来流速度和转速的关系式为
式中，J为螺旋桨的进速系数；Um为来流速度；n为螺旋桨的转速，在本试验中，螺旋桨转速为定值n=21 r/s；D为螺旋桨直径。
通过调节水筒内压力，研究不同空化数下螺旋桨空化形态及其诱导的脉动压力特性，空化数定义为
式中，P0为桨叶在0°、参考半径0.8R处的压力，Pe为试验温度下的饱和蒸气压，ρ为水的密度。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　非均匀来流下螺旋桨典型空泡及其诱导脉动压力
图5给出了螺旋桨的空化斗曲线，其中，横坐标为进速系数J=Um/nD，纵坐标为空化数σn=（P0-Pe）/（0.5ρn2D2）。试验结果表明，随着空化数和进速系数的变化，螺旋桨空化可分为叶面空化、叶背空化和梢涡空化，典型空化形态如图6所示。当进速系数较低时（J<0.7），随着空化数的降低，螺旋桨由无空化发展为叶背空化，叶背空化起始于桨叶叶背导边，空化厚度较薄呈片形，如图6（a）所示。当空化数进一步降低时，桨叶叶背处片形空化体积增大，叶梢处出现螺旋形的梢涡空化，与叶背空化共存，如图6（b）所示。当进速系数较高时（J>1.05），由于来流速度较大，对应的叶切面攻角很小甚至为负值，叶面导边附近压力较低，因此在桨叶叶面导边处产生膜片状空化，如图6（c）所示。当空化数进一步降低时，叶背空化、梢涡空化和叶面空化同时存在。
为了进一步研究螺旋桨空泡脉动压力特性，测量典型空化工况下螺旋桨正上方脉动压力，分析不同空泡作用下流场诱导的脉动压力特性，将脉动压力信号P3分别与P1、P2、P4、P5进行互关性分析，结果如图7所示，其中横坐标为延迟（时间）τ，纵坐标为相关系数Rxy（τ），其表达式为
由图7可知，当τ0=0时，P3与P1、P2、P4、P5脉动压力信号的相关系数达到最大值，说明不同传感器信号间的时间延迟可以忽略，此时不同传感器监测到的脉动压力相似程度最高，各个传感器监测到的信号之间不存在相位差。因此，本文只针对P3脉动压力信号进行进一步分析。
图8分别给出了典型空化工况下，P3脉动压力随时间的演变情况以及螺旋桨脉动压力频域分布。当流场无空化发生时（J=0.58，σn=8.0），脉动压力幅值较小，无明显的周期性。随着空化数的降低，叶背空化初生（J=0.58，σn=4.7），脉动压力波动幅度增大，并且呈现出周期性波动的特征，但波峰仍较为平缓。当空化数进一步降低时（J=0.58，σn=2.5），螺旋桨在旋转过程中出现明显的叶背空化和梢涡空化，此时，脉动压力波动幅值相较于叶背空化初生时进一步增大，且由于梢涡空化的溃灭和回弹，脉动压力存在“窄而高”的脉冲分量。当来流速度较大，出现叶面空化（J=1.07，σn=3.5）时，船艉假体导致流动分离更为剧烈，压力的脉动整体增强，压力时域信号波动幅度增大，波高增大至8 kPa。当叶面空化、叶背空化和梢涡空化同时存在时（J=1.07，σn=2.5），得到的脉动特征与σn=3.5时较为相似，同时在梢涡空化的作用下，也存在幅值大、持续时间短的脉冲。
为了进一步研究空泡非定常演化过程对螺旋桨脉动压力的影响，对叶背空化与梢涡空化并存阶段（J=0.5，σn=2.5）进行分析，如图9所示。螺旋桨的脉动压力呈强烈的周期性波动，周期约为0.01 s，即T=1/5n，故螺旋桨一个旋转周期内脉动压力变化呈现五个峰值和五个波谷，该现象是因为螺旋桨五片桨叶依次进入高伴流区所致。
图10给出了螺旋桨脉动压力一个典型周期内空化的演变过程。结合图9与图10，t=t1时刻脉动压力出现极大值，对应着1号桨叶上空化即将溃灭的瞬间。随后t=t2时，2号桨叶上空化初生并缓慢生长，如图10（b）所示。当t=t2~t3时，2号桨叶上叶背空化缓慢发展，如图10（c）所示，脉动压力不断降低，并在t=t3时刻体积达到最大值，脉动压力达到极小值。当t=t4时，空化体积开始急剧减小，直至溃灭，同时螺旋桨梢涡发生猝发现象，即梢涡空泡的内部空穴突然破碎，产生了强烈的压力脉动，形成了“窄而高”的尖峰。
2.2　非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力统计特性分析
研究证明，船舶艉部的剧烈振动在很大程度上与螺旋桨诱导的表面力有关，特别是螺旋桨空泡诱导的表面力。螺旋桨旋转过程中，脉动压力瞬时变化，船舶在表面力作用下产生振动，尤其是当流场产生空化时。考虑空泡脉动压力的随机性，采用数理统计对试验数据进行处理，并分析脉动压力时域变化规律。
本文基于概率密度函数研究非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡脉动压力的统计特性。脉动压力的概率密度函数是指脉动压力的瞬时幅值位于某指定范围的概率，设脉动压力x的概率密度函数为P（x），则脉动压力值落在区间[a，b]的概率为
图11为不同空化形态下螺旋桨诱导的脉动压力的统计特性。当流场无空化时（J=0.58，σn=8.0~10.5），低频脉动压力幅值很小。不同空化数下压力概率密度分布如图11（a）所示，该分布与正态分布曲线N（0，0.35）（数学期望为0，方差为0.35的正态分布）较为符合，关于p≈0 kPa对称分布，表现为正态分布的随机过程。随着空化数的减小，概率密度曲线分布有增宽的趋势，即空化数降低，脉动压力增强。
当桨叶导边出现叶背空化和梢涡空化时（σn=4.7），低频脉动压力显著增大。当低频脉动压力显著增大时（σn=2.5~4.7），如图11（b）中所示，概率密度逐渐偏离正态分布，可见由于叶背空化和梢涡空化的出现，正压力的高幅值低概率区向外扩张。
当桨叶导边诱发叶面空化时（J=1.07，σn=4.0），由于试验来流速度的增大，基础流动脉动压力显著增大，概率密度与正态分布N（0，1.2）较为吻合，如图11（c）所示。概率密度关于p≈0 kPa对称分布，表明低频脉动压力在平均压力两侧以同等概率出现，与J=0.58，σn=10.5时相比，其概率密度对称增宽。
由图5可知，螺旋桨桨叶的空泡形态主要受到空化数和进速系数的影响。在低进速系数（J<0.7）下，无空化和叶背空化的分界线与梢涡空化是否发生的分界线近似为一组平行线。因此，基于上述试验现象，本文定义有效空化数σe来表征空化的发展程度：
通过线性拟合可以得到上式中的k=16.7，如图12所示，进速系数对空化发展的影响趋势与空化数相同。
图13给出了J<0.8时不同工况下脉动压力的频谱云图，其中纵坐标为频率f，横坐标为有效空化数σe。由图13可知，脉动压力的主频率表现为叶频及其倍频，脉动压力随有效空化数的减小呈逐渐增大的趋势。当桨叶无空化发生时（σe>9.0），一阶叶频是脉动压力的主要分量，高阶叶频分量较小，可以忽略；当螺旋桨仅发生叶背空化时（7.5<σe<9.0），脉动压力一阶叶频分量较大，脉动压力高阶量相对较小；当σe<7.5时，螺旋桨桨叶发生叶背空化和梢涡空化，随着有效空化数的降低，螺旋桨空化发展越剧烈。在此种空化形态下，除脉动压力一阶叶频分量大幅增加，高阶分量也存在较大的幅值。
3　结论
收起
本文针对HSP大侧斜螺旋桨，开展了非均匀来流下螺旋桨空泡压力特性的试验研究，探究了空化数和进速系数对螺旋桨脉动压力和空化的影响，主要得到以下结论：
（1）随着空化数和进速系数的变化，螺旋桨空泡形态主要表现为叶背空泡、叶面空泡和梢涡空泡。叶背空泡在桨叶叶背导边附近产生，呈膜片状；叶面空泡在螺旋桨叶面处发生；梢涡空泡从叶背梢部脱落，呈螺旋形涡空泡。
（2）低频脉动压力与空泡体积振荡特性相关。在无空泡情况下，对比各阶叶频分量对脉动压力的影响，一阶叶频是主要分量，高阶叶频分量的幅值可以忽略；空泡产生后，非定常空泡演化对螺旋桨脉动压力性能影响较大，脉动压力出现明显高阶叶频分量，同时主频脉动压力幅值显著增加。
（3）研究了非均匀来流下螺旋桨脉动压力概率密度分布特性。在无空化时，脉动压力概率密度接近正态分布，且随着空化数减小脉动压力离散程度增大。产生叶背空泡后，随着空化数减小，振动中的低频周期性成分增强，大幅值脉动的概率密度增加，逐渐偏离正态分布，且由于空泡脱落时刻的强瞬态性与梢涡空泡的猝发现象，导致概率密度呈现非对称分布。而当产生叶面空泡后，由于试验水速较大，脉动压力概率密度分布接近正态分布，周期性成分不明显。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52279081)
  • 北京市自然科学基金资助项目(3232033)
  • 重点实验室基金资助项目(6142223210101)
文献
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.003
  • 接收时间：2024-04-21
  • 首发时间：2026-03-26
  • 出版时间：2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-21
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52279081)
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(3232033)
重点实验室基金资助项目(6142223210101)
作者信息
    1.北京理工大　学机械与车辆学院，北京　100081
    2.上海船舶运输科学研究所，航运技术与安全国家重点实验室，航运技术交通行业重点实验室，上海　200135
    3.北京理工大学　重庆创新中心，重庆　401120

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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