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Article(id=1243880212958655125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714060800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493752946, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493752946, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493752946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493752946, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243880211004113260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='10', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493752479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774494057708, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1622, endPage=1632, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243880213235479193, articleId=1243880212958655125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Experimental study on vibro-acoustic characteristics of stiffened plates for different welding energy inputs and welding sequences, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the welding process specifications that meet the structural strength requirements, welding energy input and welding sequence result in different welding residual stress and deformation, which significantly impact the typical bidirectional stiffened plate structure’s vibration and acoustic radiation. In order to explore the influence of welding process parameters on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of typical bidirectional stiffened plate structures, the accuracy of the welded structure test method was verified by combining numerical simulation and experiment, several tests of stiffened plate structures were carried out regarding the modal, underwater vibration, and acoustic radiation under different welding energy inputs. The results show that under the same welding sequence, different welding energy inputs have a large effect on the natural frequency of thin plates and a relatively small effect on the natural frequency of thick plates. For stiffened thick plate structures, under the same welding sequence, with the increase in welding energy input, the impact on the natural frequency shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the overall vibration acceleration level and radiated sound pressure level in the same frequency band decrease first and then increase. Under the symmetrical welding sequence, the optimal welding parameters cover a welding current of 200 A, a welding voltage of 25 V, a welding speed of 3.02-3.06 mm/s, and a welding energy input of 167 J/cm. This study can provide guidance for the design of low-noise processes for acoustic stealth of ships and marine structures.

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在满足结构强度要求的焊接工艺规范下，焊接线能量和焊接顺序会影响船舶上典型双向加筋板结构焊接残余应力的大小与分布，从而影响其声振特性。为探究焊接工艺参数对典型双向加筋板结构声振特性的影响规律，采用数值与试验相结合的方法验证焊接结构试验方法的准确性，开展不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序下加筋板结构模态、水下振动和声辐射试验研究。试验结果表明：在相同焊接顺序下，不同的焊接线能量对薄板的固有频率影响较大，对厚板的固有频率影响相对较小；对于厚板加筋结构而言，在相同焊接顺序下，随着焊接线能量的增加，对固有频率的影响呈现先减小、后增大的趋势，相同频段内的振动加速度和辐射声压总级也呈现先减小、后增大的趋势；在对称焊接顺序下，焊接电流为200 A，焊接电压为25 V，焊接速度为3.02~3.06 mm/s，焊接线能量为167 J/cm时，结构的声振特性最优。本研究可为船舶与海洋结构物声隐身性的低噪声工艺设计提供指导。

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通讯作者，E-mail：
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陈梓恒（1994-），男，博士研究生

林永水（1983-），男，博士，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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陈梓恒（1994-），男，博士研究生

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陈梓恒（1994-），男，博士研究生

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林永水（1983-），男，博士，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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林永水（1983-），男，博士，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

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Modal test results of welding plate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数数值计算模态结果实验测量结果偏差
一阶 2.7%
二阶 0.90%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880224870477909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

焊接平板模态振型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数数值计算模态结果实验测量结果偏差
一阶 2.7%
二阶 0.90%
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Comparison of natural frequencies between non-welded plate and welded plate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型振动结果固有频率偏差
无焊接平板实验（1阶）232.58 Hz12.08%
焊接平板实验（1阶）204.48 Hz
无焊接平板数值仿真（1阶）237.89 Hz16.34%
焊接平板数值仿真（1阶）199.03 Hz
无焊接平板实验（2阶）507.45 Hz7.16%
焊接平板实验（2阶）471.13 Hz
无焊接平板数值仿真（2阶）521.24 Hz10.42%
焊接平板数值仿真（2阶）466.93 Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225109553245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

无焊接平板与焊接平板固有频率对照

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型振动结果固有频率偏差
无焊接平板实验（1阶）232.58 Hz12.08%
焊接平板实验（1阶）204.48 Hz
无焊接平板数值仿真（1阶）237.89 Hz16.34%
焊接平板数值仿真（1阶）199.03 Hz
无焊接平板实验（2阶）507.45 Hz7.16%
焊接平板实验（2阶）471.13 Hz
无焊接平板数值仿真（2阶）521.24 Hz10.42%
焊接平板数值仿真（2阶）466.93 Hz
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225247965285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Chemical composition of L907A

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元素CMnSiPS
含量（wt%）0.070.90.540.010.003
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L907A化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素CMnSiPS
含量（wt%）0.070.90.540.010.003
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225461874802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Mechanical properties parameters of L907A

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 E/GPa ρ/（g⋅cm-3） μ σs/MPa σb/MPa EL（%） CB/J
L907A2.067.850.35006162637
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L907A力学性能参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料 E/GPa ρ/（g⋅cm-3） μ σs/MPa σb/MPa EL（%） CB/J
L907A2.067.850.35006162637
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225625452668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Welding energy inputs of stiffened plate

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号焊接线能量/（J・cm-1）电流/A电压/V焊接速度/（mm・s-1）
M111516023.53.26
M216720025.53.06
M3186220283.31
M4137170253.1
M516720025.53.02
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加筋板结构焊接线能量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号焊接线能量/（J・cm-1）电流/A电压/V焊接速度/（mm・s-1）
M111516023.53.26
M216720025.53.06
M3186220283.31
M4137170253.1
M516720025.53.02
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225856139397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of natural frequencies of stiffened plate specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶
有限元模型74.07144.66173.46284.84
试验模型M175.14143.69173.65284.56
试验模型M274.38144.43174.41285.25
试验模型M375.09144.73174.84284.86
试验模型M474.77145.18173.76284.80
试验模型M574.61144.30173.86285.26
平均变化率≤1.5%≤1%≤1%≤1%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880225973579918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880212958655125, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

加筋板模型固有频率对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型编号固有频率/Hz
1阶2阶3阶4阶
有限元模型74.07144.66173.46284.84
试验模型M175.14143.69173.65284.56
试验模型M274.38144.43174.41285.25
试验模型M375.09144.73174.84284.86
试验模型M474.77145.18173.76284.80
试验模型M574.61144.30173.86285.26
平均变化率≤1.5%≤1%≤1%≤1%
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焊接线能量和焊接顺序对加筋板声振特性影响试验研究
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陈梓恒 1a, 1b , 彭利国 3 , 林永水 2 , 冯喜良 1a, 1b , 吴卫国 1b
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(10): 1622-1632
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(10): 1622-1632
焊接线能量和焊接顺序对加筋板声振特性影响试验研究
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陈梓恒1a, 1b, 彭利国3, 林永水2 , 冯喜良1a, 1b, 吴卫国1b
作者信息
  • 1a.武汉理工大学　船海与能源动力工程学院，武汉　430063
  • 1b.武汉理工大学　绿色智能江海直达船舶与邮轮游艇研究中心，武汉　430063
  • 2.武汉理工大学　理学院，武汉　430070
  • 3.武昌船舶重工集团有限公司，武汉　430000

    • 陈梓恒（1994-），男，博士研究生

    林永水（1983-），男，博士，副教授，通讯作者，E-mail：。

通讯作者:

通讯作者，E-mail：
Experimental study on vibro-acoustic characteristics of stiffened plates for different welding energy inputs and welding sequences
Zi-heng CHEN1a, 1b, Li-guo PENG3, Yong-shui LIN2 , Xi-liang FENG1a, 1b, Wei-guo WU1b
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 1b.Green & Smart River-Sea-Going Ship, Cruise Ship and Yacht Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
  • 2.School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • 3.Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.014
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摘要
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在满足结构强度要求的焊接工艺规范下，焊接线能量和焊接顺序会影响船舶上典型双向加筋板结构焊接残余应力的大小与分布，从而影响其声振特性。为探究焊接工艺参数对典型双向加筋板结构声振特性的影响规律，采用数值与试验相结合的方法验证焊接结构试验方法的准确性，开展不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序下加筋板结构模态、水下振动和声辐射试验研究。试验结果表明：在相同焊接顺序下，不同的焊接线能量对薄板的固有频率影响较大，对厚板的固有频率影响相对较小；对于厚板加筋结构而言，在相同焊接顺序下，随着焊接线能量的增加，对固有频率的影响呈现先减小、后增大的趋势，相同频段内的振动加速度和辐射声压总级也呈现先减小、后增大的趋势；在对称焊接顺序下，焊接电流为200 A，焊接电压为25 V，焊接速度为3.02~3.06 mm/s，焊接线能量为167 J/cm时，结构的声振特性最优。本研究可为船舶与海洋结构物声隐身性的低噪声工艺设计提供指导。

焊接线能量  /  焊接顺序  /  加筋板  /  试验研究  /  声振特性

Under the welding process specifications that meet the structural strength requirements, welding energy input and welding sequence result in different welding residual stress and deformation, which significantly impact the typical bidirectional stiffened plate structure’s vibration and acoustic radiation. In order to explore the influence of welding process parameters on the vibro-acoustic characteristics of typical bidirectional stiffened plate structures, the accuracy of the welded structure test method was verified by combining numerical simulation and experiment, several tests of stiffened plate structures were carried out regarding the modal, underwater vibration, and acoustic radiation under different welding energy inputs. The results show that under the same welding sequence, different welding energy inputs have a large effect on the natural frequency of thin plates and a relatively small effect on the natural frequency of thick plates. For stiffened thick plate structures, under the same welding sequence, with the increase in welding energy input, the impact on the natural frequency shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the overall vibration acceleration level and radiated sound pressure level in the same frequency band decrease first and then increase. Under the symmetrical welding sequence, the optimal welding parameters cover a welding current of 200 A, a welding voltage of 25 V, a welding speed of 3.02-3.06 mm/s, and a welding energy input of 167 J/cm. This study can provide guidance for the design of low-noise processes for acoustic stealth of ships and marine structures.

welding energy input  /  welding sequence  /  stiffened plate  /  experimental study  /  vibro-acoustic characteristics
陈梓恒, 彭利国, 林永水, 冯喜良, 吴卫国. 焊接线能量和焊接顺序对加筋板声振特性影响试验研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1622 -1632 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.014
Zi-heng CHEN, Li-guo PENG, Yong-shui LIN, Xi-liang FENG, Wei-guo WU. Experimental study on vibro-acoustic characteristics of stiffened plates for different welding energy inputs and welding sequences[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1622 -1632 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.014
正文
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0　引言
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随着工程结构的复杂化，其组成成分越来越复杂，在结构装配、焊接等施工过程中产生的焊接变形和焊接残余应力，对结构产生的影响已经成为不可忽视的问题。
焊接残余应力可通过数值仿真和模型试验两种手段进行分析，其中数值仿真通常运用热弹塑性方法，而模型试验通常使用X射线衍射法。Wang等[1]通过数值仿真以确定10Ni5CrMoV高强度钢的焊接残余应力，同时将计算出的残余应力与通过钻孔法和X射线衍射法的测量结果进行了比较；Lu等[2]建立了铝合金双焊缝对接的实体模型，并通过热弹塑性方法模拟了焊接温度场和残余应力场，还通过相应的接头进行焊接实验，其残余应力的计算和实验结果吻合良好；Fu等[3]基于Visual-Environment数值仿真软件，对Q345异种板焊接在不同预热温度下的残余应力场进行了数值计算和分析；Yi等[4]建立了使用三维热弹塑性有限元方法的计算模型，以预测焊接引起的残余应力分布，数值预测与直接测量非常吻合。
在对焊接残余应力进行数值仿真和试验验证的基础上，如何考虑结构在焊接残余应力影响下的振动和声辐射特性，成为近些年来的研究重点。顾晓军等[5]以双曲壳结构为研究对象，通过理论分析求得不同边界条件下结构的固有属性，并分析了不同几何缺陷尺寸和初始几何缺陷密集程度对结构固有属性的影响；Ashwear[6]、Chen[7，10]、Yang[8]、Li[9]、陈炉云等[11-12]研究了均匀分布残余应力以及典型不均匀残余应力分布下，圆柱壳和平板结构的振动与声辐射问题，研究表明残余应力的存在会对结构局部刚度矩阵的分布产生影响，从而影响结构的动态响应特性；张林根等[13]运用有限元法结合边界元法，计算了带残余应力结构的振动与声辐射特性；Gao等[14]运用理论推导了焊接残余应力对结构固有频率的影响，研究表明焊接残余应力是结构振动声辐射研究不可忽视的因素；羌凯等[15]建立了含焊接残余应力的环肋圆柱壳的有限元模型，从残余应力的幅值、焊缝类型和应力方向等要素开展残余应力对结构频率影响的研究。
在现有的研究中，主要通过数值仿真研究焊接残余应力对结构声振特性的影响，但是不同的焊接参数会产生不同的焊接残余应力分布，而不同的焊接参数对结构声振特性影响规律的研究较少，且缺乏进一步的试验验证研究。同时在船体加工过程中多采用半自动焊接方式，其中焊接线能量综合考虑了焊接电流、焊接电压和焊接速度等因素，另外焊接顺序是结构加工过程中必须考虑的问题，因此多采用焊接线能量和焊接顺序作为焊接工艺对结构声振特性影响的工艺参数。
本研究开展计及焊接工艺影响的薄平板结构声振特性试验，并将数值仿真结果与模型试验结果进行对比，以验证模型试验方法的准确性。在此基础上，以厚板加筋板结构为研究对象，开展不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序下加筋板结构的自由振动、水下振动与声辐射试验，根据试验结果研究不同焊接线能量和顺序对结构声振特性影响规律，为船体结构的低噪声焊接工艺设计提供指导。
1　焊接参数对声振特性影响试验方法验证
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1.1　焊接残余应力试验验证
试验模型采用S316L薄板不锈钢材料，结构尺寸为400×200×6 mm，杨氏模量E=195000 MPa，泊松比为0.3，密度ρ=7796 kg/m3。试验采用电弧保护焊（TIG）工艺进行焊接，焊接参数如下：有效电流138 A和电压26.1 V，焊接速度4.6 mm/s，焊接过程87 s。试验模型如图1所示。
运用热弹塑性有限元法进行平板焊接仿真，为了提高仿真计算效率，采用了网格过渡建模方法建立了焊接平板的有限元模型，焊缝及热影响区采用细网格，其他区域采用粗网格。采用经典高斯热源模拟焊接过程，采用三点平面约束，以保证焊接过程中只产生变形但不发生刚体位移。通过定义材料热力学属性，先进行焊接温度场的仿真分析，然后将温度场的计算结果作为载荷导入到应力场计算中，从而获得焊接残余应力。最后运用X射线衍射法进行焊接热影响区的残余应力测试，焊接残余应力测点布置如图2所示，试验测试与数值仿真结果对比如图3所示。
由图3可知，各测量线上的焊接残余应力变化曲线趋势基本一致，仅残余应力幅值存在一定偏差，说明本文所采用的残余应力计算方法是可靠的。
1.2　计及焊接残余应力声振特性试验验证
提取平板结构焊缝及热影响区的焊接残余应力，并将其作为初始条件，进行焊接残余应力影响下的振动模态分析。表1为焊接平板前两阶模态振型的对比结果，从表中可见，数值仿真和模型试验结果吻合很好，由此验证了计及焊接残余应力影响下结构试验方法的准确性。
表2为无焊接平板与焊接平板的固有频率对比。由对比结果可知，由于焊接所带来的焊接变形和焊接残余应力，导致薄板结构的固有频率发生较大的改变，因此焊接参数对薄板结构动力学特性的影响非常显著，尤其是低阶固有频率。
2　试验方法
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2.1　试验模型设计
为了研究不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序对船体结构振动声辐射特性影响规律，选取厚板加筋板结构为研究对象，并开展模型试验研究工作。试验所用材料为舰艇用钢L907A，其材料属性如表3~4所示（其中E为弹性模量，ρ为密度，μ为泊松比，σs为屈服强度，σb为抗拉强度，EL为伸长率，CB为冲击功）。结构几何模型如图4所示。
根据规范GJB 5374进行试验模型钢材的准备，根据规范GB/T 8110中相应的要求进行试验模型的加工。采用二氧化碳气体保护焊，且采用对称焊接，立角焊和横焊的焊接参数相同，焊接电流160 A，焊接电压24 V，焊接速度2.26 mm/s，计算得出焊接线能量为170 J/cm。在满足焊接质量的基础上，结合相应的焊接工艺要求，选择了合理的焊接线能量变化范围，平焊的焊接电流、焊接电压、焊接速度等焊接工艺参数如表5所示。不同焊接顺序模型的焊接参数采用焊接线能量为167 J/cm时的焊接电流、电压和速度，不同焊接顺序如图5所示。
2.2　模态试验
对柔性悬挂加筋板模型采用单点激励多点拾振法进行模态实验。模态试验示意图如图6所示。
2.3　水下振动声辐射试验
为探究不同焊接参数对典型加筋板结构水下声振特性的影响，采用柔性绳将模型吊起放入标准消声水池中，由信号发生器产生正弦扫频信号（10~2000 Hz）作为输入信号。试验示意图如图7所示。A1为板格中心处，A2为横纵加强筋与底板连接处，测点和激励点示意如图8所示。水下声辐射试验的激励信号与振动试验相同。
试验示意图和声压测点布置如图9~10所示。为保证试验结果的准确性，每一组试验均重复测量三次，并取平均值进行结果分析。
3　试验结果分析
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3.1　焊接参数对固有频率影响分析
表6为有限元模型和加筋板试验模型前四阶固有频率对比，图11为通过模态试验得到的固有频率随焊接线能量变化曲线和焊接顺序对结构固有频率影响柱状图。由表6结果分析可知，焊接参数影响结构局部焊接残余应力，进而对结构的刚度有所影响，从而影响结构的固有频率，而不同的焊接线能量和焊接顺序会影响焊缝附近的焊接残余应力大小及分布，从而使结构固有频率在不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序下呈现不同的变化规律。
由图11可知：焊接线能量对各阶固有频率都有所影响，而对一阶固有频率影响最大，且随着焊接线能量的增加，影响呈现先减小、后增大的趋势；二阶到四阶固有频率的变化率均保持在1%以内，其中随着固有频率阶数的增加，变化率逐渐减小；焊接顺序对固有频率的影响小于焊接线能量的影响，固有频率变化率保持在1%以内，且在对称焊下结构固有频率变化率更小。
3.2　焊接参数对振动响应影响分析
图12表明，不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序对结构不同测点处振动加速度级曲线峰值点分布影响相对较小，试验模型振动加速度级曲线波动趋势大致相同。这是因为热源的局部加热引起焊缝区域的热胀冷缩，导致焊接工艺所产生的焊接残余应力仅存在于焊缝附近的狭窄区域内。但是焊接线能量和焊接顺序的改变会影响峰值点幅值，这是因为不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序会产生不同的温度场，从而导致结构热胀冷缩的程度不同，产生不同的焊接残余应力分布和幅值。
图13表明，不同焊接线能量模型在相同频段内的振动加速度总级，随着焊接线能量的增大呈现先减小、后增大的趋势。这说明不同焊接线能量导致不同焊接残余应力和变形分布，并存在较优的焊接参数使得结构具有更优的振动特性。同时注意到，相同测点处由焊接线能量（115~186 J/cm）引起的振动加速度总级的变化，在10~500 Hz时为2.0 dB，500~1000 Hz时为2.7 dB，1000~1500 Hz时为4.1 dB，1500~2000 Hz时为3.9 dB，低频段的波动较高，高频段波动更小。
3.3　焊接参数对声辐射特性影响分析
由图14分析可知，焊接残余应力的存在改变了固有频率，导致峰值的位置和幅值发生一定变化。因此，焊接线能量和焊接顺序的改变会影响峰值点幅值，但是对峰值点分布的影响相对较小，同时不同焊接顺序下结构的声压级变化幅值相对较小，且对称焊接比顺序焊接更优。
图15表明，不同焊接线能量模型在相同频段内的辐射声压级频段总级随着焊接线能量的增大，呈现先减小、后增大的趋势。相同测点处由焊接线能量（115~186 J/cm）引起的声压总级变化，在10~500 Hz时为1.7 dB，500~1000 Hz时为2.4 dB，1000~1500 Hz时为3.5 dB，1500~2000 Hz时为2.9 dB，低频段声压级变化量小于高频段。
通过分析不同测点各频段辐射声压总级随焊接线能量变化规律可知，在对称焊接顺序下，不同测点的辐射声压总级均在焊接线能量为167 J/cm时达到最小值，说明当焊接速度一定时，焊接电流为200 A，焊接电压为25 V时，结构具有更优的焊接残余应力分布，从而具有更佳的声辐射特性。
4　结论
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焊接工艺的复杂性决定其对结构声振特性影响的不确定性，包括焊接工艺、焊材类型、焊接环境、焊接后处理、试验过程等因素的相互影响，导致焊接工艺对结构声振特性的影响非常复杂。本文在严格控制相关影响因素和参照相关国家标准的基础上，对不同焊接线能量和焊接顺序下加筋板结构的声振特性进行了试验研究，分析了焊接线能量和焊接顺序对振动声辐射特性的影响规律，主要结论如下：
（1）焊接线能量对薄板平板结构的固有频率影响较大，其中前两阶固有频率变化率达到7%以上；对厚板加筋板结构一阶固有频率影响最大，其中前四阶固有频率变化率均在2%以下；在相同焊接顺序下，随着焊接线能量的增加，对一阶固有频率的影响呈现先减小、后增大的趋势。
（2）焊缝相交位置在低频段对焊接线能量的变化较其他测点更加敏感；板格中心位置由于远离焊缝，焊接线能量的变化对该位置的振动特性影响较小。
（3）不同焊接线能量模型在相同频段内的振动加速度总级和声压总级随着焊接线能量的增大，呈现先减小、后增大的趋势。焊接顺序对结构固有频率和声振特性的影响比焊接线能量的影响更小，且对称焊接能使结构具有更佳的声振特性。
（4）对称焊接顺序下，焊接线能量为167 J/cm时，结构具有较小的振动加速度级和辐射声压级，说明合理选择焊接线能量和焊接顺序及组合，可以降低焊接残余应力和变形对结构声振的不利影响，降低声振响应。
基金
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  • 工业和信息化部高技术船舶项目(MC-201917-C09)
文献
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2024年第28卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.014
  • 接收时间：2024-04-26
  • 首发时间：2026-03-26
  • 出版时间：2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期：2024-04-26
基金
工业和信息化部高技术船舶项目(MC-201917-C09)
作者信息
    1a.武汉理工大学　船海与能源动力工程学院，武汉　430063
    1b.武汉理工大学　绿色智能江海直达船舶与邮轮游艇研究中心，武汉　430063
    2.武汉理工大学　理学院，武汉　430070
    3.武昌船舶重工集团有限公司，武汉　430000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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