Article(id=1243880211922662035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493752698, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1729353600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493752698, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493752698, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493752698, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243880211004113260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='10', pageStart='1463', pageEnd='1632', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493752479, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774494057708, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881491290243856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243880211004113260, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1507, endPage=1515, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243880212165931668, articleId=1243880211922662035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Cavitation characteristics of water-jet pump based on entropy production analysis, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Water-jet pumps are widely used in power fields such as ships, and the internal cavitation flow characteristics have an important impact on propulsion performance. In order to quantitatively evaluate the energy loss in cavitation flow field, the cavitation characteristics of an axial water-jet pump were studied based on entropy production theory. As the tip clearance vortex cavitation is typical in axial-flow propulsion pumps, the local vortical flow features were considered in the present numerical method. The SST-CC turbulence model with rotation correction and a modified cavitation model based on vortex identification were adopted. The numerical calculation method was verified according to the referenced experiment of a model pump. The results show that, under different cavitation conditions, with the deterioration of cavitation, the increase of entropy production value reflects the increase of energy loss of water-jet pump, which is corresponding to the decrease of efficiency curve, and the change law of total entropy production in pump is basically consistent with its power characteristics. Analysis of the energy loss in each geometrical region of the water-jet pump shows that the entropy production in the impeller section is the highest, especially the turbulent dissipation and wall dissipation, which are closely related to the vortex and cavitation flow field in the tip clearance of the impeller. On the different cavitation conditions, study on the flow characteristics at the tip of the impeller shows that the tip leakage vortex region causes cavitation, but significant energy dissipation occurs at the outer edge of leakage vortex and on the nearby wall area, while the cavitating vortex attached on the blade surface is the main source of turbulent dissipation.

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喷水推进泵广泛应用于船舶动力等领域,其内部的空化流动特性对于推进性能具有重要影响。为了对空化流场中的能量损失进行定量评价,基于熵产理论对某轴流式喷水推进泵进行空化特性研究。由于叶顶间隙涡空化在轴流式推进泵中十分典型,数值方法中考虑局部涡流特性,采用旋转修正的SST-CC湍流模型和基于涡识别修正的空化模型,并根据模型泵的参考实验验证数值计算方法。研究结果表明:在不同空化系数条件下,随着空化程度的加剧,熵产值的增大反映了推进泵能量损失的增大,对应效率曲线的下降,泵内总熵产的变化规律与其功率特性基本一致。分析推进泵各段几何区域的能量损失可见,叶轮段的熵产占比最高,尤以湍流耗散和壁面耗散更为显著,这与叶轮叶顶间隙的涡流和空化流场密切相关。研究叶轮叶顶的流动特征可见,在不同空化条件下,叶顶间隙泄漏涡区域引发了旋涡空化,但显著的能量耗散出现在泄漏涡的外缘及附近壁面区域,而叶片表面的附着空化涡则是湍流耗散的主要来源。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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郭嫱(1988-),女,副教授

黄先北(1991-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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郭嫱(1988-),女,副教授

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郭嫱(1988-),女,副教授

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keyword=数值模拟)], refs=[Reference(id=1243880223654129692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王立祥, journalName=船舶, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王立祥. 船舶喷水推进[J]. 船舶1997(3):45-52., articleTitle=船舶喷水推进, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1243880223775764515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=45, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=Wang Lixiang, journalName=Ship & Boat, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang Lixiang. 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=CN, label=图9, caption=叶轮壁面熵产分布云图, figureFileSmall=t89f8wsVP+5Gx26ueDKTLA==, figureFileBig=kht1evPQ3vEB3WbFzhs8Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243880222706217971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of water-jet pump model

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参数名称符号/单位数值
进口段直径 D1/mm304.8
出口段直径 D2/mm213.4
叶轮叶片数 NR6
导叶叶片数 NS8
叶轮转速 n/(r·min-12000
叶顶间隙径向宽度 b/mm1.6
), ArticleFig(id=1243880222802686967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

推进泵计算模型主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称符号/单位数值
进口段直径 D1/mm304.8
出口段直径 D2/mm213.4
叶轮叶片数 NR6
导叶叶片数 NS8
叶轮转速 n/(r·min-12000
叶顶间隙径向宽度 b/mm1.6
), ArticleFig(id=1243880222886573051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effect of grid cell number on energy characteristic parameters

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扬程系数H*功率系数P*效率η
φ12.1702.0940.881
φ22.1532.0850.878
φ32.1362.0790.873
CGCI2.9%1.6%1.3%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880222978847745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

网格数对能量特性参数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
扬程系数H*功率系数P*效率η
φ12.1702.0940.881
φ22.1532.0850.878
φ32.1362.0790.873
CGCI2.9%1.6%1.3%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880223071121410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Proportion of energy loss in each section of water-jet pump at different cavitation numbers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空化数N*进水流道段叶轮段导叶段出水流道段
1.935.8%41.8%25.8%26.6%
1.465.9%40.7%26.5%27.0%
1.195.9%38.6%27.1%28.4%
1.145.9%37.5%27.9%28.7%
1.085.2%40.7%27.7%26.4%
), ArticleFig(id=1243880223175979016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243880211922662035, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同空化数下推进泵各段区域的能量损失占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空化数N*进水流道段叶轮段导叶段出水流道段
1.935.8%41.8%25.8%26.6%
1.465.9%40.7%26.5%27.0%
1.195.9%38.6%27.1%28.4%
1.145.9%37.5%27.9%28.7%
1.085.2%40.7%27.7%26.4%
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基于熵产分析的喷水推进泵空化特性研究
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郭嫱 a , 费宗岳 a , 黄先北 a , 仇宝云 a , 石丽建 b
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(10): 1507-1515
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(10): 1507-1515
基于熵产分析的喷水推进泵空化特性研究
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郭嫱a, 费宗岳a, 黄先北a , 仇宝云a, 石丽建b
作者信息
  • a.扬州大学 电气与能源动力工程学院,江苏 扬州 225127
  • b.扬州大学 水利科学与工程学院,江苏 扬州 225127
  • 郭嫱(1988-),女,副教授

    黄先北(1991-),男,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Cavitation characteristics of water-jet pump based on entropy production analysis
Qiang GUOa, Zong-yue FEIa, Xian-bei HUANGa , Bao-yun QIUa, Li-jian SHIb
Affiliations
  • a.College of Electrical, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
  • b.College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
出版时间: 2024-10-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.005
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喷水推进泵广泛应用于船舶动力等领域,其内部的空化流动特性对于推进性能具有重要影响。为了对空化流场中的能量损失进行定量评价,基于熵产理论对某轴流式喷水推进泵进行空化特性研究。由于叶顶间隙涡空化在轴流式推进泵中十分典型,数值方法中考虑局部涡流特性,采用旋转修正的SST-CC湍流模型和基于涡识别修正的空化模型,并根据模型泵的参考实验验证数值计算方法。研究结果表明:在不同空化系数条件下,随着空化程度的加剧,熵产值的增大反映了推进泵能量损失的增大,对应效率曲线的下降,泵内总熵产的变化规律与其功率特性基本一致。分析推进泵各段几何区域的能量损失可见,叶轮段的熵产占比最高,尤以湍流耗散和壁面耗散更为显著,这与叶轮叶顶间隙的涡流和空化流场密切相关。研究叶轮叶顶的流动特征可见,在不同空化条件下,叶顶间隙泄漏涡区域引发了旋涡空化,但显著的能量耗散出现在泄漏涡的外缘及附近壁面区域,而叶片表面的附着空化涡则是湍流耗散的主要来源。

喷水推进泵  /  熵产理论  /  空化  /  间隙  /  数值模拟

Water-jet pumps are widely used in power fields such as ships, and the internal cavitation flow characteristics have an important impact on propulsion performance. In order to quantitatively evaluate the energy loss in cavitation flow field, the cavitation characteristics of an axial water-jet pump were studied based on entropy production theory. As the tip clearance vortex cavitation is typical in axial-flow propulsion pumps, the local vortical flow features were considered in the present numerical method. The SST-CC turbulence model with rotation correction and a modified cavitation model based on vortex identification were adopted. The numerical calculation method was verified according to the referenced experiment of a model pump. The results show that, under different cavitation conditions, with the deterioration of cavitation, the increase of entropy production value reflects the increase of energy loss of water-jet pump, which is corresponding to the decrease of efficiency curve, and the change law of total entropy production in pump is basically consistent with its power characteristics. Analysis of the energy loss in each geometrical region of the water-jet pump shows that the entropy production in the impeller section is the highest, especially the turbulent dissipation and wall dissipation, which are closely related to the vortex and cavitation flow field in the tip clearance of the impeller. On the different cavitation conditions, study on the flow characteristics at the tip of the impeller shows that the tip leakage vortex region causes cavitation, but significant energy dissipation occurs at the outer edge of leakage vortex and on the nearby wall area, while the cavitating vortex attached on the blade surface is the main source of turbulent dissipation.

water-jet pump  /  entropy production theory  /  cavitation  /  clearance  /  numerical simulation
郭嫱, 费宗岳, 黄先北, 仇宝云, 石丽建. 基于熵产分析的喷水推进泵空化特性研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1507 -1515 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.005
Qiang GUO, Zong-yue FEI, Xian-bei HUANG, Bao-yun QIU, Li-jian SHI. Cavitation characteristics of water-jet pump based on entropy production analysis[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (10) : 1507 -1515 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.005
喷水推进是船舶领域中的动力推进方式,其基本原理是通过对吸入的水流做功,利用喷水推进器喷射水流的反作用力推动船舶前行[1]。相较于传统的螺旋桨式推进器,喷水推进器具有变工况范围广、能量转换效率高、航行阻力小、操控性能好、噪音低等众多优点[2-3]。在实际航行中,喷水推进泵的抗空化性能对船舶航速和安全稳定运行具有重要影响。
喷水推进泵大多具有轴流式或混流式叶轮的典型结构,其叶顶间隙附近的泄漏流和旋涡空化是影响流动特性的关键。叶顶间隙增大会导致泄漏现象加剧,泵的能量特性、压力脉动及空化稳定性均受到负面影响[4-5]。叶顶间隙泄漏流场富含复杂的涡流结构,易引发旋涡空化,泄漏、涡流和空化均会引起流场的能量损失,进而影响推进泵的整体性能。涡流结构的解析常依赖于旋涡辨识技术[6-7],能量损失的计算在工程上常依赖于经验推断。
为了揭示流场内部的能量损失细节特征,熵产理论受到广泛关注[8],众多学者应用该理论分析了各类流体机械中的能量损失。Kan等[9]对轴流泵叶顶泄漏流的影响进行了熵产分析,揭示了能量损失的主要组成和来源,分析了泵内不同位置及不同工况下的能量损失分布;Ji等[10]基于熵产理论分析了不同间隙宽度下的能量损失,对比了泄漏流对泵叶轮和导叶能量利用的不同影响;张睿等[11]对贯流泵进行了熵产分析,研究了叶顶泄漏流引发的局部高熵产与流动特征的关联;针对倾斜轴流泵,Yang等[12]开展了流动损失分析,分析了泵内水力损失特性,揭示了流动损失位置和分布特征;Fei等[13]研究了不同空化发展阶段的能量损失变化,揭示了泄漏流和空化涡的内在联系。
本文以喷水推进泵为研究对象,针对推进泵叶轮的叶顶间隙流场,开展空化条件下的数值模拟研究,基于熵产理论研究不同空化程度下的能量损失特性,揭示泄漏流、空化流和旋涡流与推进泵能量特性之间的影响规律及关联。
参照Chesnakas等[14]开展的轴流式喷水推进泵的模型实验,建立推进泵内部流道数值计算模型。计算域包括进水流道段、叶轮段、导叶段和出水流道段,如图1所示,叶轮的旋转方向为-Z轴。推进泵计算模型的主要参数见表1,转子直径D与进口段直径D1一致,出口直径D2=0.7D1
基于雷诺时均方程(RANS)对推进泵的空化流场进行计算,湍流模型采用含旋转与曲率修正的SST-CC模型,空化模型采用局部旋转修正的Zwart模型,计算方法已在文献[6-7]中得到验证。
流场入口给定总压条件,数值大小反映不同的空化程度,湍流强度默认设置为中等级别。流场出口给定流量条件,数值大小根据不同流量工况确定。叶轮段位于旋转坐标系中,采用稳态计算,收敛精度为RMS=10-5
推进泵的进出水段采用四面体非结构化网格,在主轴和轮缘壁面附近进行网格优化。导叶和叶轮段采用六面体结构网格,在TurboGrid软件中完成网格划分,叶顶间隙处进行了网格加密,沿间隙径向宽度的网格节点数不少于50。导叶和叶轮叶片表面附近进行了网格分层加密,以确保壁面附近的网格质量。局部网格及叶轮、导叶段的y+分布如图2所示,满足壁面函数计算要求。
网格误差采用基于理查德森外推值的GCI方法[15]进行评估。以推进泵最优工况下的能量特性参数为依据,设置3组不同加密程度的网格,通过流场数值计算获得能量特性相关参数值,表2所示为扬程系数、功率系数及效率的网格验证结果,其中φ表示性能参数的计算结果,CGCI表示网格的收敛指标,在其值小于3%的条件下确定了最终计算选用的网格方案,即网格总数为833万[7]
表2中的相关性能参数定义如下:
式中,pt代表总压(Pa),下标1、2分别表示推进泵的入口和出口,ρ是水的密度(kg/m3),n是主轴转速(r/s),Ttorque是泵轴输出力矩(N·m),Q*是流量系数,定义为Q*=Qv/(nD3),Qv是体积流量(m3/s)。
熵产理论源于热力学第二定律,熵产是由不可逆因素引起的耗散效应,主要包括湍流耗散和传热耗散。对于不考虑温度变化的流场,本算例采用等温模型忽略传热耗散。湍流耗散引起熵产率SD的计算式为
式中,T为流体温度,μm = μl(1 - αv)+ μvαv为汽液混合相的动力黏度(下标v和l分别表示汽、液两相,μ表示动力黏度,α表示体积分数),考虑空化区域内流体的局部可压缩性,可构建与相间质量转换率相关的表达式[16],即
雷诺平均(RANS)方法将湍流运动看作时间平均和瞬时脉动的合成,瞬时速度即由时均速度和脉动速度u组成,湍流耗散引起的熵产率也可写成两部分,其一是熵产率的平均项,计算式如下:
其二是熵产率的脉动项,考虑RANS计算中对脉动速度难以获得,Kock和Herwig[17-18]构建了湍流模型与熵产率脉动项之间的关联,对于采用k-ω湍流模型的流场仿真,可通过下式计算(其中β = 0.09,k为湍动能,ω为湍流涡频率)
为了提高壁面附近熵产率计算的准确性,一般研究中多采用如下公式[8]计算壁面剪切引起的熵产变化:
式中,τW表示壁面切应力,vW表示壁面附近第一层网格速度。
整体计算域的总熵产ΔS,可通过计算湍流耗散平均熵产、湍流耗散脉动熵产ΔSD和壁面耗散熵产ΔSW之和获得,即
式中,各部分熵产均可以利用局部熵产率的体积积分(V为计算域体积)和面积积分(A为计算域壁面面积)求得,具体公式为
在推进泵的模型实验中,一般采用空化数N*来描述不同空化程度的工况,定义为
其中,pt1代表推进泵入口总压(Pa),pv是汽化压力,计算中取值为3540 Pa。
以参考实验中Q*=0.83工况下的扬程系数H*随空化数N*变化曲线为例,对比数值模拟和实验测试的结果,如图3所示。实验工况下,随着空化数N*的减小,在N*=2.0~1.2范围内,泵的扬程系数基本保持不变,此阶段内泵的外特性与没有发生空化时的差别不大;大约N*=1.2~1.05范围内,扬程系数出现缓慢上升,H*的峰值相比较大空化数下H*的平稳值约增加2%;当N*<1.05时,扬程曲线出现陡降,对应推进泵的推力崩溃阶段。数值模拟得到的性能曲线与实验曲线规律基本一致,在推力崩溃点附近,H*的模拟值略高于实验数据且陡降明显,分析原因是数值计算域相较实验系统空间受限,尤以出口段的局部空化区域影响出口边界条件为特征,进而导致外特性参数的差异。考虑到小空化系数下的推进泵性能已经恶化,不作为本文研究间隙流场的重点。
推进泵内的空化主要集中在叶轮段,选取图3中的工况A、B、C,将推进泵叶轮的空化模拟结果与实验图像进行对比,如图4所示。模拟结果采用汽相体积分数等值面表征空化(如图中蓝色区域),三个工况下的叶顶间隙空化形态与实验图像基本一致,随着空化系数的降低,叶顶空化从间隙区向叶片吸力面侧发展,在N*=1.19工况时形成楔形,这是由泄漏涡空化与间隙空化共同组成,具体的涡流结构将在流场解析中进一步揭示。通过图3图4的对比,验证了数值计算结果的可靠性。
为研究推进泵在不同空化程度下的流动损失特性,基于熵产计算将不同空化数下的总熵产值与泵的能量特性参数对比,如图5所示。由图5可见,在N*=2.0~1.2范围内,各条曲线基本持平,此范围已涵盖图4所示的三个工况,通过空化区域可见,虽然叶顶空化已经开始出现并发展,但对推进泵的性能参数影响不大,因此计算域的总能量损失变化不明显。当N*<1.2时,推进泵的扬程系数H*和功率系数P*开始上升,这是由于叶片表面的空化区域增大,暂时增加了叶片正、背两面的压差,短时提升了叶片的荷载能力所致,对应推进泵的效率呈降低趋势,同时流场的能量损失增大。
为分析流场能量损失的分布情况,将推进泵分段区域(图1所示的四段)的熵产值进行对比。不同空化条件下,各段区域的熵产值与流场总熵产ΔS的比值如表3所示。由表3可见,能量损失主要集中在叶轮段,约占流场总损失的40%,导叶段和出水流道段的损失也不容忽视。在不同空化数工况下,随着N*的降低,虽然叶轮内的空化区域逐渐扩大,但叶轮区的能量损失占比略有降低。由此说明,叶轮内出现空化后导致下游导叶段甚至出水流道段的流动不稳定,使得下游段的能量损失略有增加。
结合图6(a)所示熵产值的各项分量占比可见,湍流耗散和壁面耗散占据了总熵产的绝大部分,直接耗散熵产占比不到1%,这在不同空化数工况下基本一致。随着空化数的降低,湍流耗散略呈升高趋势,壁面耗散略呈下降趋势。以N*=1.19工况为例,图6(b)展示了不同流道段的湍流耗散和壁面耗散熵产数据,由图可见,叶轮段的湍流耗散占比最大,出水段的壁面耗散占比较高。由于推进泵的空化区域主要集中在叶轮段,且湍流耗散熵产主要与湍动能和湍流涡特性有关,叶轮段的空化与涡流特性将在下一节展开分析。
为了进一步分析叶顶附近的流场特征,从叶根至叶顶方向取99%展向处的圆周展开面,图7采用基于速度梯度张量特征值的λ2准则,展示了不同空化数下的涡流结构。由图7可见,空白区域为叶片的截面翼型,图中叶片旋转方向由下至上,主流方向由左向右,其中λ2绝对值较高的区域对应局部涡流范围。从叶片进水边附近向下游吸力面侧形成的涡带区域,对应间隙泄漏涡范围,随着空化数N*的降低,泄漏涡带区域延长。紧贴叶片吸力面侧的λ2高值区域,对应为叶片表面的附着涡范围。图8为叶展方向99%截面上的熵产率脉动项云图。可见,引起熵产脉动的涡流结构主要是叶片吸力面的附着涡,泄漏涡本身出现的位置并未引起显著的湍流耗散。
根据图6结果可见,壁面耗散在叶轮段的占比也较高,将叶轮外壳与单一叶片表面的壁面熵产率分布显示在图9中。由图9(a)可见,在不同空化系数条件下,叶轮外壳的壁面耗散峰值主要集中在叶片出水边的下游,将进一步延续至下游导叶段,导致导叶外壳的壁面耗散占比同样较高。结合图4所示空化区域可见,叶顶间隙出现空化的区域并未引起显著的壁面耗散差异,空化的末端和下游区域在一定程度上体现了空化对能量耗散的影响。图9(b)显示了叶轮单一叶片吸力面侧的壁面耗散分布,随着空化系数的降低,叶片进水边侧的附着空化区域增大,空化覆盖的区域使得壁面耗散减小,壁面剪切引起的能量损失向叶片出水边方向推移;图9(b)的耗散峰值出现在叶顶泄漏涡的影响范围内,由于泄漏涡本身并不紧贴叶片表面,由此说明泄漏涡的外缘引起了附近壁面的能量损失。
本文以轴流式喷水推进泵为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法,基于熵产理论分析了推进泵内空化流场的能量特性,得出以下结论:
(1)在不同空化数条件下,喷水推进泵的能量特性曲线与熵产值的变化规律具有相关性,随着空化程度的加剧,泵的效率下降,能量损失增大,与流场总熵产的变化规律一致。
(2)分析泵内各段几何区域的熵产分布可见,叶轮段的损失最大,导叶段和出水流道段次之,流动损失主要体现在湍流耗散和壁面耗散两部分,且二者比例相当。随着空化数的减小,湍流耗散略呈增大趋势,壁面耗散略呈减小趋势。
(3)轴流式喷水推进泵内的空化区域主要集中在叶轮段,尤以叶顶间隙空化和叶片表面附着空化为典型,分析叶片及叶顶间隙附近的流动特征可见,叶片表面的附着空化涡是湍流耗散的主要来源,叶顶间隙泄漏涡区域引发了旋涡空化,但能量耗散主要出现在泄漏涡的外缘及附近壁面区域。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52276041; 52379093; 52179091; 52209116)
  • 江苏省水利科技项目(2022016)
  • 扬州大学“青蓝工程”资助项目
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2024年第28卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.10.005
  • 接收时间:2024-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-10-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52276041; 52379093; 52179091; 52209116)
江苏省水利科技项目(2022016)
扬州大学“青蓝工程”资助项目
作者信息
    a.扬州大学 电气与能源动力工程学院,江苏 扬州 225127
    b.扬州大学 水利科学与工程学院,江苏 扬州 225127

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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