Article(id=1243879847756415551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710000000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493665875, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493665875, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493665875, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493665875, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879841024553767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='9', pageStart='1297', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493664270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493987725, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1307, endPage=1316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879848553333327, articleId=1243879847756415551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Prediction method of the broaching of a tumblehome ship with twin propeller and double rudders, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

At present, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued the final guidelines of the direct stability assessment of surf-riding/broaching for the second generation intact stability criteria, and how to accurately and efficiently predict the surf-riding/broaching is a key problem to be solved for the direct stability assessment of surf-riding/broaching. So a surge-sway-heave-roll-pitch-yaw coupled mathematical model (6-DOF) is established in this paper. Firstly, the heave and pitch motions are considered in the surge-sway-roll-yaw maneuvering mathematical model, and the amplitudes and phases of heave and pitch motions are calculated by a strip method using an enhanced integrating method, which can solve the problem of divergence resulting from direct seakeeping calculation in time-domain for high speed vessel in stern-quartering waves. Secondly, the Froude-Krylov forces and diffraction forces are calculated by integrating the wave pressure up to the mean wave surface. At the same time, nonlinear hydrodynamic derivations, heel-induced hydrodynamic forces and nonlinear roll damping are considered in the mathematical model. The hydrodynamic lift forces due to the coexistence of wave particle velocity and ship forward velocity are taken into account in the propeller thrust and rudder force model. And the real-time emersion of double rudders in waves is considered in the rudder force model. Finally, a tumblehome ship with twin propellers and double rudders is utilized to study surf-riding/broaching in stern-quartering waves, and the effect of initial relative position of the ship to waves on predicting surf-riding/broaching motion is investigated. The computation results show that the established 6-DOF mathematical model has enough accuracy to be used for the direct stability assessment of the surf-riding/broaching failure mode.

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目前国际海事组织(IMO)已经发布了第二代完整稳性衡准骑浪/横甩直接稳性评估方法的最终指南,如何准确高效地数值预报骑浪/横甩运动是目前骑浪/横甩直接稳性评估方法中亟待解决的关键问题。本文构建一个纵荡-横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇-首摇六自由度运动耦合的数学模型,该数学模型首先在纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度操纵性数学模型基础上考虑垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,采用基于加强积分的切片法求解垂荡和纵摇运动的幅值和相位,可以有效解决尾浪中高航速船舶直接耐波性时域计算容易发散的问题;其次,船舶在波浪中的Froude-Krylov力和绕射力是通过对船体平均湿表面进行压力积分获得的。同时,在数学模型中还考虑非线性水动力导数、静水横倾产生的水动力和非线性横摇阻尼等因素。在螺旋桨推力和舵力模型中考虑由于波浪粒子速度和船舶速度共存产生的水动升力的影响,舵力模型中还加入了垂荡、纵摇运动对波浪中双舵实时出入水导致的舵力动态变化。最后,以双桨双舵的ONR内倾船型为研究对象,开展尾斜浪中骑浪/横甩数值预报,分析船-波的初始相对位置对船舶骑浪/横甩运动的影响。计算结果表明,文中建立的六自由度骑浪/横甩数学模型具有足够的计算精度,可以用于骑浪/横甩的直接稳性评估。

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储纪龙(1987-),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

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储纪龙(1987-),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

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储纪龙(1987-),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=直接稳性评估), Keyword(id=1243879863413751911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=横甩), Keyword(id=1243879863564746858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=内倾船)], refs=[Reference(id=1243879866752418008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Interim guidelines on the second generation intact stability criteria[R]. 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articleId=1243879847756415551, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Time histories of ship motion (broaching/surf-riding) of the ONR tumblehome vessel, figureFileSmall=FEePzGbVRPgQVCfM+bB7HA==, figureFileBig=CPxuHHuApjnuB0mZoT7/zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879866064552122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, label=图10, caption=ONR内倾船骑浪导致的横甩运动时间历程曲线(Fn =0.4,χ =22.5°,ξG0/λ =0.7), figureFileSmall=FEePzGbVRPgQVCfM+bB7HA==, figureFileBig=CPxuHHuApjnuB0mZoT7/zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879866127466687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of ship motion modes between numerical results and experimental results, figureFileSmall=U1rwUV88TOiWDYWWYopwwg==, figureFileBig=qqAsmK5hxL/WBN/qMHCUUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879866207158469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, label=图11, caption=船舶运动模式数值计算结果与试验结果[615]对比, figureFileSmall=U1rwUV88TOiWDYWWYopwwg==, figureFileBig=qqAsmK5hxL/WBN/qMHCUUQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1243879866316210376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of the ONR tumblehome vessel

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参数数值
垂线间长LPP/m154.0
型宽B/m18.8
型深D/m14.5
吃水d/m5.494
排水量Δ/t8507
方形系数Cb0.535
), ArticleFig(id=1243879866437845197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879847756415551, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ONR内倾船主尺度参数

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参数数值
垂线间长LPP/m154.0
型宽B/m18.8
型深D/m14.5
吃水d/m5.494
排水量Δ/t8507
方形系数Cb0.535
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双桨双舵内倾船型的横甩失稳运动预报研究
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储纪龙 , 顾民 , 鲁江
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(9): 1307-1316
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(9): 1307-1316
双桨双舵内倾船型的横甩失稳运动预报研究
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储纪龙 , 顾民, 鲁江
作者信息
  • 中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
  • 储纪龙(1987-),女,博士研究生,高级工程师,E-mail:

Prediction method of the broaching of a tumblehome ship with twin propeller and double rudders
Ji-long CHU , Min GU, Jiang LU
Affiliations
  • China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.002
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目前国际海事组织(IMO)已经发布了第二代完整稳性衡准骑浪/横甩直接稳性评估方法的最终指南,如何准确高效地数值预报骑浪/横甩运动是目前骑浪/横甩直接稳性评估方法中亟待解决的关键问题。本文构建一个纵荡-横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇-首摇六自由度运动耦合的数学模型,该数学模型首先在纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度操纵性数学模型基础上考虑垂荡和纵摇运动的影响,采用基于加强积分的切片法求解垂荡和纵摇运动的幅值和相位,可以有效解决尾浪中高航速船舶直接耐波性时域计算容易发散的问题;其次,船舶在波浪中的Froude-Krylov力和绕射力是通过对船体平均湿表面进行压力积分获得的。同时,在数学模型中还考虑非线性水动力导数、静水横倾产生的水动力和非线性横摇阻尼等因素。在螺旋桨推力和舵力模型中考虑由于波浪粒子速度和船舶速度共存产生的水动升力的影响,舵力模型中还加入了垂荡、纵摇运动对波浪中双舵实时出入水导致的舵力动态变化。最后,以双桨双舵的ONR内倾船型为研究对象,开展尾斜浪中骑浪/横甩数值预报,分析船-波的初始相对位置对船舶骑浪/横甩运动的影响。计算结果表明,文中建立的六自由度骑浪/横甩数学模型具有足够的计算精度,可以用于骑浪/横甩的直接稳性评估。

第二代完整稳性衡准  /  直接稳性评估  /  横甩  /  内倾船

At present, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has issued the final guidelines of the direct stability assessment of surf-riding/broaching for the second generation intact stability criteria, and how to accurately and efficiently predict the surf-riding/broaching is a key problem to be solved for the direct stability assessment of surf-riding/broaching. So a surge-sway-heave-roll-pitch-yaw coupled mathematical model (6-DOF) is established in this paper. Firstly, the heave and pitch motions are considered in the surge-sway-roll-yaw maneuvering mathematical model, and the amplitudes and phases of heave and pitch motions are calculated by a strip method using an enhanced integrating method, which can solve the problem of divergence resulting from direct seakeeping calculation in time-domain for high speed vessel in stern-quartering waves. Secondly, the Froude-Krylov forces and diffraction forces are calculated by integrating the wave pressure up to the mean wave surface. At the same time, nonlinear hydrodynamic derivations, heel-induced hydrodynamic forces and nonlinear roll damping are considered in the mathematical model. The hydrodynamic lift forces due to the coexistence of wave particle velocity and ship forward velocity are taken into account in the propeller thrust and rudder force model. And the real-time emersion of double rudders in waves is considered in the rudder force model. Finally, a tumblehome ship with twin propellers and double rudders is utilized to study surf-riding/broaching in stern-quartering waves, and the effect of initial relative position of the ship to waves on predicting surf-riding/broaching motion is investigated. The computation results show that the established 6-DOF mathematical model has enough accuracy to be used for the direct stability assessment of the surf-riding/broaching failure mode.

second generation intact stability criteria  /  direct stability assessment  /  broaching  /  tumblehome ship
储纪龙, 顾民, 鲁江. 双桨双舵内倾船型的横甩失稳运动预报研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1307 -1316 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.002
Ji-long CHU, Min GU, Jiang LU. Prediction method of the broaching of a tumblehome ship with twin propeller and double rudders[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1307 -1316 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.002
2020年国际海事组织(IMO)发布了第二代完整稳性衡准的最终指南[1],涵盖了参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、瘫船稳性、过度加速度和骑浪/横甩五种稳性失效模式的三层稳性评估方法和操作指南的指导性建议。五种稳性失效模式中,骑浪/横甩是目前研究最少的稳性失效模式,所谓骑浪是指在随浪或尾斜浪中高速航行的船舶,在波浪力的作用下被加速到波速并以波速前进的现象;而发生骑浪的船舶,通常会因为航向不稳定性而引起不可控制的转向,进而发生横甩甚至倾覆。骑浪/横甩属于极端恶劣海况下的波浪操纵性问题,具有强非线性的特性,数值模拟骑浪/横甩涉及到船舶操纵性、耐波性、快速性、波浪稳性等多学科的交叉耦合,如何准确高效地数值预报骑浪/横甩运动,正是目前骑浪/横甩直接稳性评估方法中亟待解决的关键问题。
针对骑浪/横甩稳性失效模式,国外学者Umeda等[2]采用考虑线性波浪力的纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度操纵性模型,定性预报了规则波中ITTC A2渔船的骑浪/横甩现象。为了实现定量预报骑浪/横甩,他们先后分析了九种非线性因素的影响,包括静水中非线性操纵力、波浪对线性操纵力的影响、波浪对横摇恢复力矩的影响、波浪对舵力的影响、非线性波浪力、非线性横荡-横摇耦合、波浪对螺旋桨推力的影响、静水中大角度横倾产生的水动力,以及波浪对大角度横倾产生的水动力,由此建立了考虑九种非线性因素的“加强模型”,其计算结果与试验吻合较好[3-5]。随后,他们将该四自由度数学模型应用于双桨双舵的非常规船型的骑浪/横甩现象预报,可以较好地预报周期运动区域与骑浪运动区域,但横甩运动区域预报与试验结果差距较大[6]。Araki等[7]为了表达舵和螺旋桨出水,考虑垂荡和纵摇的影响,建立了六自由度数学模型,通过与四自由度模型及试验对比分析,发现桨舵出水对预报结果影响较大。Umeda等[8]将纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度数学模型与临界波法相结合,针对ONR外飘船型开展了规则波中横甩数值模拟和不规则波中横甩发生概率计算。波浪力计算的准确度对骑浪/横甩的预报影响较大,Htet等[9]为了提高波浪力的计算精度,基于波浪力试验测量结果修正了波浪力的理论计算公式,改进了应用纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度数学模型数值预报的ONR内倾船横甩运动区域。国内学者于立伟[10]基于统一理论构建了操纵性和耐波性运动耦合的六自由度弱非线性模型,数值预报了规则波中ITTC A2渔船的骑浪/横甩现象;王廷昊[11]在该模型的基础上考虑了不规则波的影响,模拟了不规则波中ITTC A2渔船的横甩运动。
本文作者前期曾构建了纵荡-横荡-首摇-横摇四自由度骑浪数学模型,考虑了舵和螺旋桨出入水、纵荡方向的绕射效应和非线性水动力导数等非线性因素,并数值预报了随浪和尾斜浪中双桨双舵非常规内倾船的骑浪运动[12-13]。为了进一步预报双桨双舵非常规内倾船的横甩运动,本文在四自由度纵荡-横荡-首摇-横摇运动数学模型基础上加入垂荡和纵摇时历方程,建立六自由度骑浪/横甩数学模型,同时考虑垂荡、纵摇和大幅横摇运动对舵出水时舵力的影响,并采用FORTRAN语言编写计算程序,开展双桨双舵内倾船型在尾斜浪中骑浪/横甩运动数值模拟,同时分析船舶与波浪的初始相对位置对船舶骑浪/横甩运动的影响。
本文采用下述三种坐标系,如图1所示:一是空间固定坐标系O-ξηζ,原点O位于水平面,ζ轴向下为正,该坐标系用来描述波浪,波浪沿ξ轴正向传播,初始时刻波谷位于原点;二是船体坐标系G-xyz,以船舶重心G为原点,x轴在中线面内,平行于基面,指向船首为正,z轴向下为正,该坐标系随船一起摇荡;三是参考坐标系G-x'y'z',以船舶重心G为原点,x'轴在中线面内,平行于静水面,指向船首为正,z'轴向下为正,该坐标系随船舶一起纵荡、横荡、垂荡和首摇,但不随船舶横摇和纵摇。图中,χ为航向角,φ为横摇角,θ为纵摇角,δ为舵角,ξG为船舶重心G在空间固定坐标系O-ξηζ中的纵向位置。
本文构建了纵荡-横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇-首摇六自由度数学模型进行骑浪/横甩运动数值预报。首先,为了获得船舶在随浪和尾斜浪中高速航行时稳定的垂荡和纵摇运动,本文采用基于加强积分的切片法[14]求解垂荡和纵摇运动的幅值和相位,进而获得垂荡和纵摇运动的时间序列方程,即公式(5)和公式(6),有效解决了尾浪中高航速船舶直接耐波性时域计算容易发散的问题。详细的数学模型如下:
式中,下标H、R、W分别代表船体上粘性流体动力、舵力和波浪力;XP为螺旋桨推力;uv分别为船舶纵荡速度和横荡速度;rp分别为船舶首摇角速度和横摇角速度;mIzzIxx分别为船舶质量、首摇惯性矩和横摇惯性矩;mxmyJzzJxx分别为纵荡附加质量、横荡附加质量、首摇附加惯性矩和横摇附加惯性矩;ζGaθa分别是垂荡、纵摇运动的振幅;δζδθ分别是垂荡、纵摇运动的初始相位;k为波数;c为波速;TE为舵机常数;KP为舵增益系数;TD为微分控制常数;χC为目标航向。
纵向流体动力XH、横向流体动力YH、首摇流体动力力矩NH和横摇流体动力力矩KH表达式分别为
式中,YvYrNvNr为线性水动力导数;XvvXvrXrrYvvvYvvrYvrrYrrrNvvvNvvrNvrrNrrr为非线性水动力导数;XϕYϕNϕ为静水中横倾产生的水动力导数;zH为横向流体动力YH的作用点的垂向坐标;Ru)为船舶静水阻力;Dp)为非线性横摇阻尼;W为船舶重量;GZϕ)为静水中横摇复原力臂。其中,船舶静水阻力Ru)和非线性横摇阻尼Dp)的表达式分别为
式中,ρ为水密度,g为重力加速度,L为船舶垂线间长,SF为船舶湿表面积,CT为船舶总阻力系数,αγ分别为线性项和立方项横摇阻尼系数。
按照IMO第二代完整稳性最终指南[1]中的要求,骑浪/横甩数学模型中除了需要考虑静水操纵力外,还应该考虑因船速和波浪粒子速度共存而产生的水动升力,以便能正确地模拟船体漩涡脱落产生的水动力。因此,本文在螺旋桨推力模型和舵力模型中加入了波浪粒子速度的影响。
双螺旋桨推力XP和首摇力矩NP的表达式如下:
式中,tP为螺旋桨推力减额分数,wp为螺旋桨伴流分数,nP为螺旋桨转速,DP为螺旋桨直径,KT为螺旋桨推力系数,TPTS为分别为左、右侧螺旋桨推力,JPPJPS分别为左、右侧螺旋桨的进速系数,uWPPuWPS分别为左、右侧螺旋桨处波浪粒子速度,xPPxPSyPPyPSzPPzPS分别为左、右侧螺旋桨纵向位置、横向位置和垂向位置,ζw为波幅,ω为波浪频率。
舵力除了考虑波浪粒子速度影响,还要考虑垂荡、纵摇以及大幅横摇运动导致的舵实时出入水情况的影响。纵荡、横荡、首摇和横摇方向舵力表达式如下:
式中,tR为舵阻力减额系数;aH为操舵诱导船体横向力的修正因子;xR为舵力作用点的纵向位置;xHR为操舵诱导船体横向力作用点的纵向位置;zR为舵力作用点的垂向位置;zHR为操舵诱导船体横向力作用点的垂向位置;XRPXRS分别为左、右舵的纵向推力;FNPFNS分别为左、右舵的正压力;yRPyRS分别为左、右舵的横向位置。
左、右舵正压力FNPFNS的表达式分别为
其中,
式中,ARPARS分别为左、右舵实时浸水面积;URPURS分别为左、右舵来流速度;αRPαRS分别为左、右舵攻角;fαPfαS分别为左、右舵力系数;ΛPΛS分别为左、右舵实时展弦比;ε为桨舵伴流分数比;η为螺旋桨直径与舵展比;κ为桨舵相互作用系数;uWRPuWRS分别为左、右舵位置处的波浪粒子速度;AR为舵面积;Λ为舵展弦比;hRPhRS分别为左、右舵相对于波面的瞬时垂向高度。
波浪力主要包括Froude-Krylov力(下标为W_FK)和绕射力(下标为W_Diff),纵荡、横荡、首摇和横摇方向波浪力的表达式如下:
其中,
式中,μx为纵荡绕射效应的修正因子;ωe为船舶遭遇频率;dx)为船体横剖面吃水;Bx)为船体横剖面宽度;Sx)为船体横剖面浸水面积;Syx)为船体横剖面的横荡附加质量;lηx)为船体横剖面的横摇附加惯性矩;为船舶重心到水线面的垂向距离;Cm为中船体横剖面系数;Cb为船体方形系数;FE代表船首;AE代表船尾。
选取双桨双舵的ONR内倾船为研究对象,其主尺度参数、几何外形和船体型线分别如表1图2所示。
分别采用纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度数学模型(4DOF)和纵荡-横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇-首摇六自由度数学模型(6DOF)对ONR内倾船进行骑浪/横甩数值预报,分析垂荡和纵摇运动对船舶骑浪/横甩运动的影响。计算工况如下:波陡H/LPP为0.05;波长与船长比λ/LPP为1.25;航向χ分别为5°、15°、22.5°、30°和37.5°;Fn从0.25到0.5,间隔为0.05;初始时刻的船舶位置ξG0为0。数值计算结果(CAL)和试验结果(EXP)对比情况如图3所示,其中试验结果来自参考文献[615]。
从以上对比中可以看出,采用4DOF数学模型和6DOF数学模型计算的大部分周期运动和骑浪运动区域与试验结果都吻合较好,但4DOF数学模型计算结果中未出现横甩区域,而考虑了垂荡和纵摇运动的6DOF数学模型的计算结果中出现了横甩区域,且大部分横甩计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。因为垂荡和纵摇运动对舵出水的模拟影响较大,尤其在纵摇运动较大的情况下,舵出水现象会比较严重,致使舵效降低进而发生横甩,因此考虑垂荡和纵摇运动的6DOF数学模型能更好地预报内倾船的横甩运动。
下面分别给出周期运动、骑浪运动、骑浪导致的横甩运动的典型6DOF数学模型计算结果,包括各典型运动状态下纵荡速度与波速比u/c、横摇、首摇和舵角的时间历程曲线,如图4~6所示(图中为了便于观察将u/c放大了10倍)。
图4中纵荡速度与波速比u/c、横摇、纵摇、垂荡、首摇和舵角的时间历程曲线都呈稳定的周期性变化,说明该工况下船舶做稳定周期运动。图5中船舶运动振荡一段时间后达到稳定状态,此时纵荡速度与波速比u/c接近1,首摇角接近0°,说明在该工况下船舶被波浪捕获后与波浪相对静止,在原航向发生了稳定的骑浪运动。从图6中可见,在50 s附近纵荡速度与波速比u/c接近1,船舶发生了骑浪,随后首摇角逐渐增大,增大到约12°时,舵角达到了最大35°,此时尽管舵角已经达到最大也没有方法控制住航向,故首摇角继续增大,最大达到约35°,横摇角最大达到约37°,船舶发生了骑浪导致的横甩。数值模拟中该状态下船舶在舵的控制下进入了下一次的骑浪状态。
横甩运动是一种强非线性的随机运动过程,横甩运动过程的随机性与船舶和波浪环境的初始状态关系很大,初始状态影响因素有很多,包括船舶初始姿态参数(纵向位置、横向位置、垂向位置、横摇角、纵摇角和首摇角)、船舶初始控制参数(螺旋桨转速、舵角)、波浪初始参数(波幅、波长、相位)等。这里主要考虑船舶初始纵向位置和波浪初始相位的影响,也就是分析初始时刻船-波的纵向相对位置对船舶横甩运动的影响。
选取典型骑浪/横甩工况:Fn =0.4,χ =22.5°,初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ在0~1.0范围内,间隔0.1共取11个位置点(图7),应用6DOF数学模型,考虑舵出水、波浪粒子速度和垂荡、纵摇的影响,分析不同的初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ对船舶骑浪/横甩运动的影响,数值计算获得的最大船舶纵荡速度与波速比u/c、最大/小首摇角和最大/小舵角如图7~9所示。
图7中可以看出,在不同的初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ条件下,计算得到的最大船舶纵荡速度与波速比都稍大于或等于1.0,说明在不同初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ条件下船舶都发生了骑浪,而计算获得的最大/小首摇角、最大/小舵角都具有较大的离散性,当初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ = 0.7和0.8时,船舶最大舵角都达到35°,最大首摇角绝对值分别为29.6°、19.6°,说明船舶发生了骑浪导致的横甩。图10给出了ξG0/λ = 0.7时船舶运动的时历曲线,可以观察到此时船舶发生了明显的骑浪导致的横甩现象。
考虑初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ的影响,重新计算如下工况:波陡H/LPP为0.05;波长与船长比λ/LPP为1.25;航向χ分别为5°、15°、22.5°、30°和37.5°;Fn从0.25到0.5,间隔为0.05;初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ在0~1.0范围内,间隔为0.1。数值计算结果(CAL)和试验结果(EXP)对比情况如图11所示。与图3(b)结果相比,考虑初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ的影响后数值计算的横甩区域扩大,且与试验横甩区域更吻合。
本文分别基于纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇四自由度数学模型(4DOF)和纵荡-横荡-垂荡-横摇-纵摇-首摇六自由度数学模型(6DOF)对非常规内倾船进行了骑浪/横甩数值预报,并分析了初始船-波纵向相对位置对船舶骑浪/横甩运动影响。研究结果表明:
(1)4DOF数学模型和6DOF数学模型都可用于非常规内倾船的周期运动和骑浪运动的直接数值模拟,但6DOF数学模型还可用于非常规内倾船的横甩运动的数值模拟。由于垂荡和纵摇运动对模拟舵出水很重要,舵出水严重时舵效降低进而引发船舶横甩,因此考虑垂荡和纵摇运动的6DOF数学模型能更好地预报非常规内倾船的横甩运动,可以用于非常规内倾船横甩运动的直接稳性评估。
(2)考虑初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ的影响提高了横甩区域的预报精度,与试验结果吻合更好。且不同初始船-波纵向相对位置ξG0/λ条件下数值计算的首摇角和舵角都具有较大的离散性,很好地说明了横甩运动是一种强非线性的随机运动过程,且横甩运动过程的随机性受船舶和波浪环境的初始状态影响很大。
(3)骑浪/横甩6DOF数学模型计算结果在临界速度区域还存在一定误差,可以进一步改进数学模型,例如考虑螺旋桨出水、瞬时湿表面等非线性因素影响,进一步提高骑浪/横甩数值预报的准确性。
  • 工信部高技术船舶项目(2017[614])
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2024年第28卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.002
  • 接收时间:2024-03-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-10
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工信部高技术船舶项目(2017[614])
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    中国船舶科学研究中心,江苏 无锡 214082
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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