Article(id=1243879846523290154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710432000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493665580, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493665580, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493665580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493665580, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879841024553767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='9', pageStart='1297', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493664270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493987725, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1317, endPage=1327, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879847060161072, articleId=1243879846523290154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation of wave dissipation characteristic of flat plate array breakwater under long period waves, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The elimination of long period waves has always been a difficult problem in coastal engineering that needs to be solved. Plate breakwater has a certain effect on long period waves, due to its convenience in construction, low cost and wide application range. Further research of which is of great significance. A numerical wave making flume is established based on Flow-3D in this paper, the optimal placement scheme and dimensions of the flat plate array breakwater are presented with the relative plate length L0/L, relative plate spacing j/L, relative plate thickness d/H and number of plates N identified as research parameters. Simulation results show that, when the relative plate thickness d/H=0.1, plate number N=4, relative plate spacing j1/L=0.3, j2/L=0.1, relative plate length L0/L=0.6, the wave suppression effect of non-uniform four-plate array breakwater is the best. It is shown that the arrangement form has good wave elimination for long period waves with period less than T=8 s (prototype period T=25.28 s).

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如何有效地抵御长周期波浪是目前海岸工程所需解决的难题。板式防波堤对长周期波浪具有一定的消浪效果,且施工方便、造价低廉、适用范围广,对其进一步的研究具有重要意义。本文基于数值模拟软件FLOW-3D,建立数值造波水槽,以防波堤相对板长L0/L、相对板间距j/L、相对板厚d/H及板数N为研究参数,给出平板阵列防波堤最佳布置方案及尺寸。模拟结果表明:结构参数相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=4,相对板间距j1/L=0.3,j2/L=0.1,相对板长L0/L=0.6,非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的消浪效果最好,说明该布置形式对周期小于8 s(原型周期T=25.28 s)的长周期波有良好的消浪效果。

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程永舟(1974-),男,博士,教授,E-mail:

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Test conditions

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模型周期T/s水深h/m无因次周期原型周期T/s波高H/m波长L/m
0.10
5.500.6521.3717.380.1513.89
0.20
0.10
6.000.6523.3118.960.1515.15
0.20
0.10
6.500.6525.2520.530.1516.41
0.20
0.10
7.000.6527.1922.130.1517.68
0.20
0.10
7.500.6529.1023.700.1518.94
0.20
0.10
8.000.6531.0725.280.1520.20
0.20
), ArticleFig(id=1243879861211742213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879846523290154, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验工况

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模型周期T/s水深h/m无因次周期原型周期T/s波高H/m波长L/m
0.10
5.500.6521.3717.380.1513.89
0.20
0.10
6.000.6523.3118.960.1515.15
0.20
0.10
6.500.6525.2520.530.1516.41
0.20
0.10
7.000.6527.1922.130.1517.68
0.20
0.10
7.500.6529.1023.700.1518.94
0.20
0.10
8.000.6531.0725.280.1520.20
0.20
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长周期波作用下平板阵列防波堤消浪特性数值模拟研究
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程永舟 1, 2 , 李克勋 1 , 林志远 1 , 黄筱云 1, 2
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(9): 1317-1327
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(9): 1317-1327
长周期波作用下平板阵列防波堤消浪特性数值模拟研究
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程永舟1, 2 , 李克勋1, 林志远1, 黄筱云1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.长沙理工大学 水利与环境工程学院,长沙 410114
  • 2.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410114
  • 程永舟(1974-),男,博士,教授,E-mail:

Numerical simulation of wave dissipation characteristic of flat plate array breakwater under long period waves
Yong-zhou CHENG1, 2 , Ke-xun LI1, Zhi-yuan LIN1, Xiao-Yun HUANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.003
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如何有效地抵御长周期波浪是目前海岸工程所需解决的难题。板式防波堤对长周期波浪具有一定的消浪效果,且施工方便、造价低廉、适用范围广,对其进一步的研究具有重要意义。本文基于数值模拟软件FLOW-3D,建立数值造波水槽,以防波堤相对板长L0/L、相对板间距j/L、相对板厚d/H及板数N为研究参数,给出平板阵列防波堤最佳布置方案及尺寸。模拟结果表明:结构参数相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=4,相对板间距j1/L=0.3,j2/L=0.1,相对板长L0/L=0.6,非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的消浪效果最好,说明该布置形式对周期小于8 s(原型周期T=25.28 s)的长周期波有良好的消浪效果。

平板阵列防波堤  /  长周期波  /  透射系数  /  非均匀布置

The elimination of long period waves has always been a difficult problem in coastal engineering that needs to be solved. Plate breakwater has a certain effect on long period waves, due to its convenience in construction, low cost and wide application range. Further research of which is of great significance. A numerical wave making flume is established based on Flow-3D in this paper, the optimal placement scheme and dimensions of the flat plate array breakwater are presented with the relative plate length L0/L, relative plate spacing j/L, relative plate thickness d/H and number of plates N identified as research parameters. Simulation results show that, when the relative plate thickness d/H=0.1, plate number N=4, relative plate spacing j1/L=0.3, j2/L=0.1, relative plate length L0/L=0.6, the wave suppression effect of non-uniform four-plate array breakwater is the best. It is shown that the arrangement form has good wave elimination for long period waves with period less than T=8 s (prototype period T=25.28 s).

plate array breakwater  /  long period wave  /  transmittance coefficient  /  nonuniform arrangement
程永舟, 李克勋, 林志远, 黄筱云. 长周期波作用下平板阵列防波堤消浪特性数值模拟研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1317 -1327 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.003
Yong-zhou CHENG, Ke-xun LI, Zhi-yuan LIN, Xiao-Yun HUANG. Numerical simulation of wave dissipation characteristic of flat plate array breakwater under long period waves[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1317 -1327 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.003
防波堤是一种常见的海岸工程结构,主要用于保护港口的工程结构和船舶不受波浪的影响。海洋开发逐渐向深海延伸,而深海海域长期受长周期波浪作用,但关于长周期波浪的研究,却一直是较为复杂的难题。长周期波的波高虽然较小,但波长较长,具有极强的透射能力,极易透过可透浪式防波堤;同时,长周期波浪的波速较大,携带巨大的能量,因此会严重影响系泊船的稳定性[1]。就目前的研究情况来看,各类防波堤对长周期波浪的防御效果并不理想。如何有效抵御长周期波浪,是推动港口码头向深水水域发展、提高港口码头安全作业性能所需要解决的关键问题。
在实际工程中,抵御长周期波的结构主要为斜坡堤,而浮式防波堤用得相对较少。与其他传统防波堤相比,浮式防波堤可适应水深大、地基软弱、大潮差和引入水体交换等的情况[2]。板式防波堤作为浮式防波堤的一种,其浮在自由水面或者接近自由水面时,消波效果比较显著[3]。关于单层板、双层板和多层板式防波堤的研究较多,这些研究提出了多种型式的板式防波堤。
关于挡板式防波堤,Ursell[4]曾对有限水深条件下挡板对波浪的反射进行过研究;基于Havelook的理论,Wiegel[5]对刚性垂直薄壁防波堤透反射系数的解析解进行了研究;邱大洪等[6]提出了一种单板式防波堤,并给出了大水深条件下的透射、反射系数解析式,为国内板式防波堤的研究奠定了基础;Li等[7]基于物理模型试验,对双垂直挡板式防波堤的水动力特性进行了研究,并根据试验结果给出了计算透射系数的经验公式。
关于单层水平板式防波堤,Heins[8]研究了薄板的波浪绕射公式;王科等[9]基于边界单元法对波浪作用下平板和立板的受力进行了研究;Burke[10]研究了一定淹没深度的条件下薄板结构的透反射系数;Liu等[11]提出了淹没薄板防波堤的消浪特性公式;康海贵等[12]分析了水下水平薄板的水动力特性,并提出可以通过固定该结构来作为浮式防波堤使用;高俊亮等[13]基于OPENFOAM对孤立波作用下水平板式防波堤的水动力特性进行了研究;王科等[14]基于非线性数值方法对近自由水面格栅水平板式防波堤的消波特性和消波机理进行了研究。
关于双层板式防波堤,谷文强[15]对规则波和不规则波作用下双层板式防波堤的消浪特性和结构受力进行了研究;陈旭达[16]对开孔双层板式防波堤的消波性能和稳定性能的影响因素进行了研究;李靖波等[17]对潜式双层水平板型防波堤的消浪性能和消浪机理进行了研究;王晶等[18]提出新型的桩基双层板式防波堤;Cheng等[19]基于数值模拟方法,采用RANS方程和VOF自由面追踪法建立数值波浪水槽对工字板组合式透空堤的消浪特性进行了研究,分析了不同波陡H/L下防波堤的透射系数和反射系数。
关于弧板式防波堤,吴静萍等[20]提出了多圆板柔性连接式防波堤;潘春昌等[21]研究了二维规则波作用下,圆弧板透空式防波堤的消波性能;王科等[22]研究了水下上弧板结构的水动力特性;赵利平等[23]对新型反弧形面防波堤的消浪效果进行了试验研究;王丽雪等[24]对不同工况下双弧板式透空堤的消浪特性进行了研究;张俊斌等[25]对比了单平板和单弧板式防波堤的水动力特性;Li等[26]对下弧板防波堤的波浪衰减性能及其影响因素进行了研究,这些结构对长周期波浪的消浪效果都不太理想;Li等[27]利用VOF法和有限体积法建立了波浪与弧形板防波堤非线性相互作用的数值模型,对低弧形板防波堤的消浪性能及其主要影响因素进行了全面的试验和数值研究,结果表明,防波堤的相对宽度、相对高度和相对淹没度是三个主要影响因素;He等[28]基于压降边界条件方法,研究了斜波与两种水下水平开孔薄板结构的相互作用,利用速度势分解法得到了新的迭代解析解,通过对现有计算结果和文献实验数据的拟合,提出了一个新的水平穿孔薄板流量系数的简单预测公式;Li等[29]对长周期波作用下圆弧板式防波堤的水动力特性进行了数值模拟研究,实验结果验证了所开发的2D数值模型的准确性和可靠性,发现随着相对板宽的增加,Kt减小,Kr略有增加且防波堤对周围流场影响很大。
本文中所涉及的符号,L为波浪波长,H为波浪波高,L0为水平板总长度,N为水平板的个数,d为水平板板厚,j为水平板间距。
本文基于FLOW-3D软件,构建长波数值水槽,建立长波-平板阵列防波堤模型,比较分析单板、双板、四板、八板型式防波堤的消浪性能,研究不同相对板长L0/L、相对板间距j/L、板数N、相对板厚d/H等结构参数对消浪性能的影响,选出最佳结构参数和布置方案,为今后实际工程应用提供参考依据。
(1)波浪运动控制方程
连续性方程和动量方程中含有体积和面积分数参数,具体表达式如下:
连续性方程为
动量方程为
式中,uvw是速度分量,AxAyAz是可流动面积分数,VF是体积分数,ρ是密度,GxGyGzfxfyfz分别为重力加速度和粘滞力加速度。
(2)紊流模型控制方程
包含体积分数VF与可流动面积分数AxAyAzk方程与ε方程的表达式如下:
式中,PTGT分别为速度梯度与浮力产生的紊动动能,C1C3分别取1.42和0.2,C2KTPT计算得到,DiffKtDiffεAiVF对应的紊动扩散项。
数值水槽全长100 m,宽0.4 m,高1.2 m,水深设置为0.65 m,造波边界为数值水槽的最左端,试验区域设置在水槽中间偏前的位置;水槽末端设置了多孔率为0.8,材料粒径为0.1 m,坡度为1:10的多孔介质进行消波。数值模型试验布置如图1所示,图2为不同板数防波堤计算模型视图。
在自由液面防波堤结构与波浪相互作用,需要对自由液面进行网格加密。在模型网格设置时,采用非均匀布置的矩形网格,整体网格大小为0.025 m,在水槽的自由液面z方向0.65 m处及离造波边界x方向15 m、82 m分别添加网格大小为0.01 m、0.02 m、0.02 m的网格面进行加密,网格总量为3 072 000个。
为了验证数值水槽模拟结果的可靠性和准确性,在空水槽的条件下进行长波数值模拟,并将各测点的模拟结果与理论值进行对比,验证数值水槽造波的持续性和稳定性。
长波数值水槽验证波况为T=5.5 s,H=0.1 m,h=0.65 m,选取波形为椭圆余弦波,测点取x=15 m。图3为长波数值水槽在该测点的波形图,可以看出,长波数值水槽所造的波形、波高变化稳定,整体平稳,波高和波周期符合初始设置的波况。与理论解相比,波周期和波形图整体吻合程度较好,波面未出现明显的抬升或者下降,说明该水槽的造波性能良好。
本文主要研究长波作用下结构参数对平板阵列防波堤消浪性能的影响,研究过程如下:首先,基于长波条件进行单板防波堤消浪试验,选取最优相对板长L0/L,基于该最优相对板长,固定试验区间进行双板防波堤消浪试验,确定最优的第一相对板间距j1/L,减少总板长;其次,基于双板防波堤消浪试验所确定的第一相对板间距j1/L,将双板均匀拆分为4块、8块,拆分所产生的新的板间距定义为第二板间距j2和第三板间距j3,防波堤布置型式为非均匀布置,通过试验研究非均匀布置平板阵列防波堤对长波的消浪效果,得到最优板间距组合及最佳板数N。试验工况见表1
在防波堤消波性能的研究中,波浪经过防波堤的堤后波高,以及因波浪与防波堤相互作用而反射到堤前的波高,是评价防波堤消浪性能的两个重要参数。波浪经过防波堤的堤后波高称之为透射波高,波浪与防波堤相互作用反射到堤前的波高称之为反射波高。反射波高和入射波高之比是反射系数,透射波高与入射波高之比是透射系数,分别表示如下:
式中,KrKt分别为反射系数、透射系数,HtHrHi分别为透射波高、反射波高和入射波高。
取水深h=0.65 m,波高H=0.15 m,相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=1,相对工作水深h0/h=0,周期T=5.5 s的工况进行分析,得出单板条件下板式防波堤在相对板长L0/L=1/4、1/3、1/2、3/4、1情况下的防波堤透射系数Kt和反射系数Kr,其变化规律如图4所示。
相对板长L0/L=1/4、1/3、1/2、3/4、1所对应的透射系数Kt和反射系数Kr,分别为0.6、0.46、0.37、0.25、0.21和0.42、0.49、0.47、0.46、0.44。可以看出,随着相对板长的增加,透射系数Kt所受的影响较大,而反射系数Kr所受到的影响较小。当L0/L=1/2时,Kt=0.37,L0/L=3/4时Kt=0.25,增加1/4的相对板长对应的透射系数减小了0.12,而当L0/L=1时,同样增加1/4相对板长所对应的透射系数仅减小了0.04,说明透射系数Kt受相对板长增加的影响逐渐减小。基于结构的经济性和有效性,相对板长的取值在保证消波性能的同时越小越好,因此,取相对板长L0/L=1。
在双板条件下,相对板间距j1/L与透射系数Kt、反射系数Kr的关系曲线如图5所示。“相对变化值”为与相对板间距j1/L=0(即单板)、相对板长L0/L=1的透射系数之间的差值,该差值可以反映出防波堤消浪性能的优劣,如果相对变化值大于0,则说明防波堤消浪性能降低,相对变化值小于0则说明防波堤消浪性能提升。
图5可以看出,j1/LKt关系曲线呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势,且Kt存在极值,说明双板防波堤的相对板间距对透射系数Kt的影响不是单调的,双板防波堤的消浪性能并非一定优于单板防波堤。当j1/L=0.2、0.25、0.3、0.35、0.4时,相对变化值为0.01、-0.01、-0.04、-0.02、0.01,说明在0.2~0.4的区间内,双板防波堤的消浪性能优于或约等于单板防波堤,减小总相对板长的同时提高了板的消浪性能,且当j1/L=0.3时,效果最好,透射系数Kt最小为0.16,而当j1/L在0.2~0.4的区间外时,双板防波堤的消浪性能则比单板防波堤的消浪性能差。
以相对间距j1/L=0.3的双板型式平板防波堤作为研究基础,将双板拆分为四板,布置型式为非均匀布置,取h=0.65 m,波高H=0.15 m,相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=4,相对工作水深h0/h=0,周期T=5.5 s,相对板间距j2/L=0、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25作为研究工况,研究非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的相对间距j2/L对消浪性能的影响,相对间距j2/L和透射系数Kt、反射系数Kr的关系曲线如图6所示。
图6可以看出,非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的透射系数Kt随相对间距j2/L的增大而增大,反射系数Kr随相对间距j2/L的增大而减小。所有工况的透射系数Kt均保持在0.5以下,说明该型式仍能起到良好的消浪效果,当j2/L=0.1时,Kt=0.27,保持在0.3以下,反射系数Kr=0.38,说明该型式在减少材料用量的同时,仍保持了良好的消浪效果。
以相对板间距j1/L=0.3,j2/L=0.1的非均匀布置四板型式平板防波堤作为研究基础,将四板拆分为八板,取h=0.65 m,波高H=0.15 m,相对板厚d/H=0.1,相对工作水深h0/h=0,板数N=8,周期T=5.5 s,相对板间距j3/L=0、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25作为研究工况,研究非均匀布置八板型式防波堤的相对板间距j3/L对消浪性能的影响,相对板间距j3/L和透射系数Kt、反射系数Kr的关系曲线如图7所示。
图7可以看出,八板型式防波堤的透射系数Kt随相对间距j3/L的增大而增大,反射系数Kr随相对间距j3/L的增大而减小,且透射系数均大于0.4,反射系数均小于0.15。该型式无论是消浪效果还是反射效果,均比四板型式的效果差,因此,不推荐使用八板型式。
板式防波堤的厚度原则上越薄越好,在保证防波堤的消浪性能和结构安全的前提下尽量省材和环保。基于上述对非均匀布置型平板阵列防波堤的研究,取相对板间距j1/L=0.3,j2/L=0.1,相对板长L0/L=0.6,板数N=4的非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤作为最优组合型式,在h=0.65 m,波高H=0.1 m,相对工作水深h0/h=0,周期T=5.5 s,相对板厚d/H=0.05、0.1、0.15,0.3的条件下,研究相对板厚d/H对该防波堤消浪效果的影响,其变化规律如图8所示。
图8可以看出,当相对板厚d/H=0.05、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25时,对应的透射系数Kt和反射系数Kr分别为0.28、0.27、0.28、028、0.27和0.38、0.39、0.38、0.37、0.38,整体数值和趋势变化不大,说明当板厚d较小时,相对板厚d/H不是影响防波堤消浪性能的主要因素,且d/H=0.1时防波堤消波效果最佳。
取水深h=0.65 m,相对工作水深h0/h=0,波高H=0.1 m、0.15 m、0.2 m,相对板厚d/H=0.01 m,波周期T=5.5 s、6 s、6.5 s、7 s、7.5 s、8 s,研究在不同周期T的条件下非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤透射系数Kt随周期T的变化规律,其变化规律如图9所示。
图9可以看出,相同波高情况下,透射系数Kt整体随周期T的增大而增大,说明随着周期的增长,防波堤的消浪性能逐渐变差。Kt处于0.25~0.4的范围内,说明防波堤在该波浪周期范围内仍保持着一定的消浪效果。当周期T=8 s(原型周期T=25.28 s)时,不同波浪参数条件下,透射系数Kt均低于0.4,说明非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤对长周期波有良好的消浪效果。
图10图11分别为h=0.65 m,波高H=0.15 m时,T=6 s前板和后板流场图。
图10可以看出,当T=6 s时,前板的流场较为复杂,大部分水体从板的下部经过,小部分从板的上部经过。水体在与板的前端接触时形成了较小的绕流;从上部经过的水体随着波浪的传播,在第一块板的末端和第二块板的末端形成较小的绕流;板间流速较大,流态较为复杂,沿板下部传播的水体在靠近板的底部形成回流,该回流随着波浪的传播,与后方回流在第一块板的末端相遇,水体发生紊乱,在重力的作用下,形成一股向下的流,该流与水槽底部发生碰撞,进一步增强了水体的紊乱,形成两股方向相反的流,进而生成两个方向相反、强度大小相近的涡。
图11T=6 s后板的流场图。可以看出,少部分水体从板的上部经过,大部分从板的下部经过,且在板的底部形成回流,在第一块板的末端、第二块板的前端和末端分别形成了绕流;在第一块板末端形成的部分绕流由于重力作用,使其速度方向向下,形成了局部的回流区,产生涡旋;部分波浪在与第二块板的前端相遇时,形成了方向向下的绕流,且在重力作用下,形成了另一个回流区,产生新的涡旋。
图12图13分别为h=0.65 m,波高H=0.15 m时,T=6 s前板和后板涡量图。
T=6 s时,前板第一块板和第二块板的前端、末端、底部、上部和板间均生成涡量。第一块板和第二块板的前端和末端所产生的涡量,均是由绕流导致的水体紊乱耗散能量时产生,板底部的涡量主要是由板底部的局部回流形成的局部涡旋产生;由于板的阻水作用,波浪在板的上部传播时,与板接触产生作用,耗散了少部分波能。与其他位置相比,板间所产生涡量范围更广、强度更大,这是因为板间距的存在增强了水体的紊动强度,涡量集中的位置为水体相遇碰撞的位置。此外,在重力的作用下,相遇的水体形成了方向向下的流速,与水槽底部碰撞,在水槽底部产生了少部分的涡量,与水槽底部碰撞生成的两个方向相反的涡旋,进一步耗散了能量,产生了更多的涡量。
图13T=6 s时后板的涡量场。结合图11图13可知,水体紊乱主要发生在表面,涡量也主要集中在自由液面处,板的上部经过的部分水体在板的上部生成了少量的涡量;水体在第一块板的末端和第二块板的前端均产生了部分涡量,该涡量主要由绕流和板的阻水作用引起的水体紊乱所产生;与图12相比,图13中由于波浪在经过前板区域及前、后板间距时,耗散了大部分波能,流速明显减小,所以间隔的两板间所产生的涡量明显减小。这也说明了四板型式的平板阵列防波堤的主要消波区域在前板区域和前后板之间,后板的作用主要是进一步耗散波能。
本文基于FLOW-3D软件构建了长波数值水槽,并建立了长波-平板阵列防波堤模型,通过比较不同结构参数下平板阵列防波堤的消浪性能,选出防波堤的最佳结构尺寸以及布置方案。主要结论如下:
(1)通过对平板阵列防波堤的结构参数、最佳布置方式进行研究,最终得出最佳结构尺寸参数和布置方案为:相对板厚d/H=0.1,板数N=4,相对板间距j1/L=0.3,j2/L=0.1,相对板长L0/L=0.6的非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤。
(2)不同波浪参数条件下,非均匀布置四板型式平板阵列防波堤的透射系数Kt均低于0.4,说明该布置形式对周期小于8 s(原型周期T=25.28 s)的长周期波有良好的消浪效果。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071031)
  • 大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(LP21V3)
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2024年第28卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.003
  • 接收时间:2024-03-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-15
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52071031)
大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(LP21V3)
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    1.长沙理工大学 水利与环境工程学院,长沙 410114
    2.水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410114
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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