Article(id=1243879844749095777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493665158, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493665158, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493665158, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493665158, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879841024553767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='9', pageStart='1297', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493664270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493987725, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1356, endPage=1367, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879845084640107, articleId=1243879844749095777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Study on the damping effect of vertical slotted screen based on BM-MPS method, columnId=1241023037940748650, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydrodynamics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Tank sloshing is a common phenomenon in ship navigation, which not only affects the stability of a ship, but also poses a threat to the marine environment and human life. How to reduce the amplitude of tank sloshing has always been a key research problem in ocean engineering. In this paper, based on the improved moving particle semi-implicit method, BM-MPS method, the damping effect of vertical open-hole separator under lateral excitation was simulated and studied, and the influence of porosity and lateral amplitude of the separator on resonance period and impact duration curve morphology was discussed. The results show that the size of porosity has an obvious effect on the resonance period. The porosity of 15% is the point where the maximum impact pressure is the minimum when the resonance is reached, and the resonance period is in the transition period of obvious transformation. The impact duration curve is also closely related to porosity. With the increase of porosity, the impact duration curve changes from no peak to single peak and then to double peak. In addition, the amplitude of excitation is also one of the factors affecting the resonance period.

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液舱晃荡现象在航行船舶中普遍存在,不仅会影响船舶稳定性,还会对海洋环境与人类生产生活造成威胁,如何减轻液舱晃荡幅度一直是海洋工程的重点研究问题。本文将基于改进的移动粒子半隐式法——BM-MPS法,对横摇激励作用下垂直开孔隔板的减晃效果进行二维数值模拟研究,探讨挡板孔隙率、横摇幅度对共振周期及冲击压历时曲线形态的影响。研究结果表明:孔隙率大小对共振周期有明显的影响,孔隙率15%是达到共振时最大冲击压最小的点,并且处于共振周期发生明显转变的过渡期;冲击压历时曲线与孔隙率也有密切的联系,随着孔隙率的增大,冲击压历时曲线形态从无峰变为单峰,再改变为双峰。除此之外,横摇激励幅度也是影响共振周期的因素之一。

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通讯作者,E-mail:
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张常乐(2001-),女,本科生

王丽珠(1990-),女,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

王袁媛(2002-),女,本科生。

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张常乐(2001-),女,本科生

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张常乐(2001-),女,本科生

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2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environmental Security, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering Science,Nanjing 210029, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1243879853737488568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, articleId=1243879844749095777, authorId=1243879853188034728, language=CN, stringName=王丽珠, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.南京师范大学 海洋科学与工程学院,南京 210046
2.江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室(河海大学),南京 210098
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基于BM-MPS法的垂直开孔挡板的减晃效果研究
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张常乐 1 , 王丽珠 1, 2, 3 , 王袁媛 1
船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024,28(9): 1356-1367
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船舶力学 | 流体力学 2024, 28(9): 1356-1367
基于BM-MPS法的垂直开孔挡板的减晃效果研究
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张常乐1, 王丽珠1, 2, 3 , 王袁媛1
作者信息
  • 1.南京师范大学 海洋科学与工程学院,南京 210046
  • 2.江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室(河海大学),南京 210098
  • 3.水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京 210029
  • 张常乐(2001-),女,本科生

    王丽珠(1990-),女,博士,讲师,通讯作者,E-mail:

    王袁媛(2002-),女,本科生。

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Study on the damping effect of vertical slotted screen based on BM-MPS method
Chang-le ZHANG1, Li-zhu WANG1, 2, 3 , Yuan-yuan WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coast Ocean Resources Development and Environmental Security, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology, Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering Science,Nanjing 210029, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.007
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液舱晃荡现象在航行船舶中普遍存在,不仅会影响船舶稳定性,还会对海洋环境与人类生产生活造成威胁,如何减轻液舱晃荡幅度一直是海洋工程的重点研究问题。本文将基于改进的移动粒子半隐式法——BM-MPS法,对横摇激励作用下垂直开孔隔板的减晃效果进行二维数值模拟研究,探讨挡板孔隙率、横摇幅度对共振周期及冲击压历时曲线形态的影响。研究结果表明:孔隙率大小对共振周期有明显的影响,孔隙率15%是达到共振时最大冲击压最小的点,并且处于共振周期发生明显转变的过渡期;冲击压历时曲线与孔隙率也有密切的联系,随着孔隙率的增大,冲击压历时曲线形态从无峰变为单峰,再改变为双峰。除此之外,横摇激励幅度也是影响共振周期的因素之一。

粒子法  /  液舱晃荡  /  有孔隔板  /  孔隙率  /  共振周期  /  横摇幅度

Tank sloshing is a common phenomenon in ship navigation, which not only affects the stability of a ship, but also poses a threat to the marine environment and human life. How to reduce the amplitude of tank sloshing has always been a key research problem in ocean engineering. In this paper, based on the improved moving particle semi-implicit method, BM-MPS method, the damping effect of vertical open-hole separator under lateral excitation was simulated and studied, and the influence of porosity and lateral amplitude of the separator on resonance period and impact duration curve morphology was discussed. The results show that the size of porosity has an obvious effect on the resonance period. The porosity of 15% is the point where the maximum impact pressure is the minimum when the resonance is reached, and the resonance period is in the transition period of obvious transformation. The impact duration curve is also closely related to porosity. With the increase of porosity, the impact duration curve changes from no peak to single peak and then to double peak. In addition, the amplitude of excitation is also one of the factors affecting the resonance period.

particle method  /  tank sloshing  /  slotted screen  /  porosity  /  resonance period  /  excitation amplitude
张常乐, 王丽珠, 王袁媛. 基于BM-MPS法的垂直开孔挡板的减晃效果研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1356 -1367 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.007
Chang-le ZHANG, Li-zhu WANG, Yuan-yuan WANG. Study on the damping effect of vertical slotted screen based on BM-MPS method[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1356 -1367 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.007
船舶航行时在外部环境作用下,激励液舱内液体产生晃荡。液舱晃荡在船舶航行中普遍存在,不仅影响船舶稳定性,还会对人类的生产生活造成损害。近年来,液化天然气(LNG)和液化石油气(LPG)的需求量快速增长,使得液货船向着大型化发展,液舱晃荡问题也越来越突出。因此,如何减轻液舱晃荡吸引了众多学者的关注。
利用挡板抑制液体晃荡幅度是液舱减晃的重要方式之一,诸多研究围绕此开展。研究表明:挡板的减晃效果与挡板的构型、位置、数量均有着密切关系。Celebi和Akyildiz[1]将底部有垂直挡板与无挡板结构进行了对比,研究发现垂直挡板对水体晃荡的抑制是最明显的。Akyildız和Ünal[2]通过对不同挡板构型进行研究,发现垂直挡板能更有效地减少晃动振幅。Liu等[3]通过研究水平挡板与垂直挡板内的液体晃动情况发现,与水平挡板相比,垂直挡板的减晃效果更明显。朱小松等[4]对液舱内无隔板、舱底中部有“I”型隔板和“T”型隔板3种舱内结构形式进行了对比,发现挡板构型的减晃效果与水深有密切的联系。Shao等[5]研究了有垂直中挡板、水平挡板、“T”型挡板和多孔挡板的矩形槽和无挡板的矩形槽中液体的晃动效应,研究发现“I”型挡板和“T”型挡板减晃效果更好。王子豪等[6]分析了横隔板位置和宽度以及垂直挡板的高度对液舱固有频率的影响。吴巧瑞等[7]通过改变液舱两侧水平挡板的高度和长度来探究其对液舱晃荡的影响。通过对不同挡板构型进行研究发现,垂直挡板与其他形式挡板均能在一定程度上抑制液体晃动,但垂直挡板抑制效果最显著。
另一方面,在挡板减晃研究中发现:由于涡旋阻尼影响,有孔挡板的减晃机制较为复杂,一定条件下消能效果优于无孔挡板。Faltinsen等[8]设计了孔隙率为0.0964、0.1968与0.3022的多孔挡板进行探究,发现孔隙率设计得当能有效抑制液舱晃荡现象;Xue等[9]设置了方形开孔挡板,并对其减晃效果进行了探究;Poguluri和Cho[10]研究了孔隙率为0.0964、0.1968、0.3022状态下栅栏板的减晃效果;薛米安等[11]在外激励频率为0.8~1.2倍无隔板液舱一阶固有频率范围内,研究了孔隙率为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4时晃荡波高及波高时程曲线的变化情况;Yu等[12]设计了0.4、0.6及0.9固度比来探究栅栏板的固度比和频率对晃动的影响;Nasar等[13]在设计孔隙率为15%、20.2%与25.2%时探究横摇状态下液体晃荡情况;涂娇阳等[14]建立液体晃荡三维数值模型,探究不同开孔率垂直隔板的阻晃效果;李厚蓉等[15]通过物理试验,研究了在不同横摇角度情况下,在液舱内壁位置安装开孔箱型减晃装置后抑制舱内液体运动的作用;Gao等[16]通过改变挡板多孔系数、挡板安装形式等探究了消浪效果最好的形式;沈民民等[17]通过设计双垂直多孔挡板,分析多孔挡板在不同激励频率下冲击压力的时域和频域特征,并从挡板结构和涡旋来解释冲击压力特征产生差异的原因;Wang等[18]运用数值模拟分析了多孔挡板对液舱内液体流动的影响,研究发现增加挡板的高度,减小挡板的孔隙系数,将多孔挡板移至水面,可增强其减波性能;Nimisha等[19]通过改变不同参数来探究含不同有孔挡板的晃荡阻尼结构消能效果。由于液舱晃荡过程中外界环境作用的复杂性,孔隙率对于液舱减晃影响的规律及机制有待进一步明确。
随着计算机技术的迅速发展,数值模拟已成为科学研究的重要手段之一。液舱晃荡是典型的非线性大变形自由表面流运动。精确的自由表面追踪与重构是其数值模拟的重点,且难度相对较大。基于拉格朗日体系的无网格粒子法,通过离散点实时追踪流体粒子的运动过程,对大变形自由表面流运动的模拟具有本质上的优势。其中,著名的无网格粒子法有光滑粒子动力学法(SPH)[20-21]与移动粒子半隐式法(MPS)[22]。目前,无网格粒子法是液舱晃荡模拟的重要方法之一。例如,崔岩等[23]采用SPH法对二维矩形水槽的纵荡过程和纵摇过程进行了数值模拟;Delorme等[24]采用SPH法对浅水晃荡情况下的冲击压力进行了试验研究;Liu等[25]采用光滑粒子动力学法(SPH)对带挡板的菱形液舱进行模拟,得出适当改变箱体结构可以有效抑制晃荡的结论;杨亚强[26]利用MPS法从激励频率及不同隔板结构等方面探究减晃问题;Wang等[27]利用改进后的BM-MPS法对含垂直挡板的液舱进行模拟,通过引入背景网格方案和改进的压力梯度模型,显著提高了冲击压力的计算精度。
本文基于Wang等[28]提出的改进移动粒子半隐式法——BM-MPS法,构建横摇激励下含挡板的二维液体晃荡运动数值模型,探讨栅栏板型垂直开孔挡板的减晃效果。通过对压力泊松方程源项及压力梯度离散模型的改进,BM-MPS法对于激烈流体运动的冲击压力计算具有显著优势且在空间上具有一阶收敛性[28]。首先,根据Delorme等[24]的物理实验冲击压结果,验证数值模拟冲击压的计算精度,证明数值模型的有效性。然后,进一步研究横摇激励下开孔挡板的减晃效果,重点讨论孔隙率对冲击压的影响、孔径大小对冲击压的影响、孔隙率对共振周期的影响、振幅对共振周期及压强历时曲线形态的影响,揭示不同孔隙率的栅栏隔板的减晃效果。
在MPS法中,采用拉格朗日形式的连续方程和动量方程作为流体运动的控制方程,其表达形式为
式中,u是速度矢量,t是时间,ρ是流体的密度,p是压强,ν是流体的运动粘滞系数,g是重力加速度。对于不可压缩流体,密度对时间的导数Dρ/Dt为零。
核函数近似是MPS法的核心思想,即任意宏观变量函数φr)由加权平均影响域内所有变量后得到,而非直接采用其本身物理信息,其离散形式可表示为
式中,w表示核函数。理论上,任意粒子i将与整个计算域的所有粒子产生相互影响。为了提高计算效率,一般会给定核函数的有效作用范围,即影响域半径re。本研究中,核函数选用Koshizuka和Oka[22]于1996年提出的标准核函数:
式中,影响域半径re取2.4l0l0为初始粒子空间距离。
根据Helmholtz-Hodge分解原理,MPS法对控制方程进行求解的方法为半隐式分步算法,即将动量方程式(2)分成两步进行计算。首先,只考虑动量方程中的重力项和粘滞力项的条件,得到预测的速度场和位移场:
根据流体的不可压缩条件,校正预测步速度场,得到压力泊松方程为
式中,n为粒子数密度,在MPS法中其物理意义与密度相同。这里,上标*表示预测步,下标0表示初始值。式(7)为Koshizuka和Oka[22]在创立MPS法时给出的原始压力泊松方程表达形式,方程右边项一般称之为源项。
通过求解压力泊松方程,可以得到下一个计算时刻的压力场。将新的压力场代入到压力梯度算子,更新预测速度场和位移场,得到下一时刻的流场信息:
压力泊松方程源项对压力的计算精度有着显著影响。虽然原始压力泊松方程的源项可以很好地防止粒子聚集,但同时会产生严重的数值压力振荡问题。为了解决这个问题,Khayyer等[29]和Tanaka等[30]通过不同的推导模式先后提出了以速度散度为主体的源项形式。本研究采用Khayyer等提出的源项表达式:
式中,源项的第一项即为速度散度项,为了防止粒子聚集,同时考虑一定比例的粒子数密度随时间的变化率。其中,γ为经验系数,取值范围0.001~0.05,这里取0.01。
由于在核函数近似中MPS采用欧拉核函数来近似拉格朗日运动,所以粒子不均匀分布的影响会在速度散度计算中以数值误差形式体现出来,造成源项计算结果在空间上分布不连续,从而导致压力计算不精确,加剧粒子空间分布的不均匀性和不规则性,严重时可能会致使整个计算崩溃。对此,本研究中对于源项中速度散度项的计算,采用了背景网格法(background mesh scheme),简称BM法[28]。在背景网格法中,源项速度散度不再由离散粒子直接计算得到,而是首先将离散粒子的速度赋值给背景网格节点,
式中,M表示任意的网格节点,i表示任意的粒子,riM表示任意网格节点和任意粒子之间的距离,riM =|ri-rM|。另外,reM表示网格点的影响域半径,reM=0.5re=1.2l0,而wwend指选用的Wendland核函数。
其次,基于背景网格计算源项的第一项,即
最后,将背景网格上计算到的源项值赋给离散粒子。为了减少插值带来的光滑副作用,对于每个目标粒子i,只选用其所占网格的四个节点进行插值,具体表达式为
式中,STM表示在网格节点上的源项值,〈STi表示目标粒子i通过插值得到的源项值。关于背景网格法的详细介绍,请参考文献[28]。
压力梯度算子离散模型是影响压力计算的另一个重要因素,同时对能量守恒性具有重要影响。为了降低计算过程中数值能量耗散,本次采用基于Taylor级数展开得到的具有一阶精度的压力梯度离散模型[31]
其中,
考虑到由粒子飞溅可能造成Ci无逆的特殊情况,新的离散模型耦合了原始压力梯度模型,因此该模型又被称为耦合压力梯度模型(combined pressure gradient model),简称CGM模型。
液舱模型参考Delorme等[24]的物理试验,实验装置中水槽长0.9 m,高0.58 m,初始水深0.093 m,并以水槽中垂线上距离底部边界0.184 m处的O点为旋转中心,做简谐摇摆。罐体受正弦旋转强迫,激励方程为
式中,θmax为最大旋转角度,默认取实验值0.07 rad;ω为激励频率ω=2π/TE,其中,TE为激励周期。
水槽左侧边壁距离底部0.093 m处设置一个压强计算点——A点,记录流体横摇过程中水面交界处冲击压力。密度和运动粘滞系数取水的物理系数,分别为:ρ=1000 kg/m3ν=10-6 m2/s。在水槽中间位置,设置一个垂直栅栏隔板,如图1所示,其中,Sg表示隔板孔径大小,默认取值3l0l0默认设为0.0015 m。
根据Faltinsen等[8]的势流理论线性解析解可知,二维晃荡的固有频率可以由式(17)计算得到,
式中,L为水箱长度,h为水深,n为模数。本研究中,一阶固有频率ω0=3.28 s-1,对应的周期T0=1.91 s。
为了验证数值模拟结果的有效性,首先基于当前数值模型模拟了无隔板情况下二维横摇激励下液体横摇运动,并将Delorme等的物理实验数值模拟结果与实验室结果进行对比。激励周期取无挡板液舱晃荡的共振周期,TE=1.91 s,粒子大小l0设为0.003 m。图2为采用BM-MPS数值模型计算得到的A点处的冲击压强与Delorme等的实验结果的对比图,其中压强大小采取无量纲形式。对比结果显示模拟压强的历时及最大峰值均与实测结果吻合很好,当前数值模型的计算精度可以满足后续研究的要求。
图3给出了不同孔隙率的垂直隔板作用下A点处压强随时间变化曲线,激励周期为1.91 s。如图所示,本文均采用无量纲形式表示冲击压强,即pmax/ρgh0图3(a)是无挡板状态下的压强变化图,压强变化曲线呈现明显的双峰现象,且第一峰值显著大于第二峰值,平均最大冲击压高达1.42。图3(b)为无孔挡板作用下的压强变化曲线,此状态下作用在A点的最大冲击压强最小,约为0.245,此时压强随时间变化曲线呈丘形,并未出现明显的峰值。图3(c)-(j)为垂直栅栏隔板作用下A点的冲击压变化情况,图3(c)-(e)分别是孔隙率ε=15%、20%、25%时A点的冲击压历时曲线图,此时变化曲线仍然呈现为丘形,但随着孔隙率的增大,平均最大冲击压逐渐增大。当孔隙率达到30%时,平均最大冲击压继续增大,平均值可达0.531,压强变化曲线出现峰值,为单峰结构(图3(f))。图3(g)的孔隙率为37.5%,此时压强变化曲线出现了双峰现象,且第一峰值略小于第二峰值,与图3(a)的双峰结构不相同。图3(h)-(j)分别为孔隙率ε=42.86%、50%、60%时压强变化曲线图。随着孔隙率的增大,平均最大压强持续增大,当孔隙率为42.86%时,双峰现象中两个峰大小相似,而当孔隙率达到50%后,双峰中第一峰值略大于第二峰值,平均最大冲击压强为0.763。当孔隙率增大到60%时,压强随时间变化曲线的轨迹与无挡板状态下轨迹相似,平均最大冲击压强达1.382,虽然明显小于无挡板状态下的冲击压强,但明显大于孔隙率为50%时的最大冲击压强值,故孔隙率为60%栅栏挡板具有一定的减晃作用,但效果较差。
图4为孔隙率为50%,孔径为2l0、3l0、4l0A点处横摇产生的冲击压强随时间变化曲线图。图4(a)显示了Sg=2l0时冲击压历时曲线,压强变化曲线中出现双峰现象,但是两个峰大小相近,平均最大冲击压强约为0.706。图4(b)为孔径为Sg=3l0状态下冲击压强的变化曲线,此时横摇产生的压强(0.763)略大于图4(a)中条件下的压强,曲线形态为双峰结构,且第一峰值大于第二峰值。图4(c)为孔径为Sg=4l0A点处压强的历时曲线,相比于较小的孔径,此状态下横摇产生的冲击压强最大(0.848),且第一峰值大于第二峰值的现象很明显。对比可知,随着孔径的增大,A点处受到的冲击压逐渐增大,历时曲线的形态也产生了变化。该结果表明相同孔隙率条件下,孔径越小,挡板的消能效果越显著。
图5显示了不同孔隙率条件下A点最大冲击压随激励周期的变化曲线,分别考虑了挡板孔隙率为0、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.25、0.375和0.5时的情况。由图可知,当挡板孔隙率为0.5时,该曲线具有一个明显峰值,表明该条件下共振周期出现在激励周期TE=1.8 s处;当孔隙率为0.375时,共振周期出现在1.91 s左右,与无挡板状态下共振周期一致;当孔隙率为0.25和0.2时,共振周期大致在2.0 s处。当挡板孔隙率减小至0.15时,虽然此时共振周期仍在2.0 s附近,但在1.1 s处出现了第二峰值。当孔隙率减小到0.1时,共振周期发生明显变化,冲击压峰值出现在1.1 s处,与无孔挡板(ε=0)的共振周期相同。
图6给出了共振条件下A点平均最大冲击压、共振周期与孔隙率之间的关系,图上横坐标为孔隙率,左侧纵坐标为共振时最大冲击压,右侧纵坐标为共振周期。首先,由冲击压强随孔隙率变化的曲线显示,孔隙率0.15是一个转折点。当孔隙率大于0.15时,随着孔隙率的增大,最大冲击压也随之增大,当孔隙率小于0.15时,随着孔隙率的减小,最大冲击压仍然增大。因此,当挡板的孔隙率为0.15时液舱达到共振时的平均最大冲击压最小。其次,当孔隙率介于0.1~0.15时,共振周期发生了突变。通过公式(17)计算可知,此时带隔板的液舱晃荡共振周期与水槽尺寸减小一半时的共振周期相近。
图7为不同横摇幅度下激励周期为1.7 s、1.8 s、1.9 s时冲击压变化情况。最大旋转角度θmax分别取为0.02、0.03、0.05、0.07、0.09 rad,挡板的孔隙率设置为50%。如图所示,振幅大小对横摇产生的冲击压具有显著的影响,振幅越大,液体作用在液舱壁面上产生的冲击压强也越大。除此之外,振幅对共振周期也有明显的影响。当横摇振幅为0.02 rad时,随着激励周期的增大,最大冲击压逐渐增大,当激励周期为1.9 s时,最大冲击压强达到0.429;当横摇振幅为0.03 rad时,激励周期为1.8 s与1.9 s时平均最大冲击压大小相似,激励周期为1.9 s时平均最大冲击压略大一些,为0.501;当振幅大于等于0.05 rad时,平均最大冲击压随着激励周期先增大后减小,共振周期出现在1.8 s处。由此可见,振幅也是影响共振周期及冲击压的因素之一。
图8给出了激励周期为1.8 s时,不同横摇振幅作用下无量纲冲击压的波形图。图8(a)与图8(b)分别为振幅为0.02 rad与0.03 rad时冲击压波形图,A点处受到的压强较小,压强时程曲线呈现丘状,无明显的峰值出现。当振幅大于等于0.05 rad时,压力波形图中出现双峰现象。振幅为0.05 rad时,双峰中两个峰大小相近,但当振幅为0.07 rad与0.09 rad时前一个峰明显大于后一个峰,且振幅越大两个峰值的差距越明显。
本研究基于BM-MPS法模拟了横摇激励下含栅栏板型垂直开孔挡板的液体晃荡运动。通过对冲击压的计算,分析孔隙率及激励幅度对冲击压的影响,探明栅栏隔板的减晃效果及作用机制,得到以下结论:
(1)孔隙率的大小对冲击压强有明显的影响。随着孔隙率的增大,最大冲击压随之增大。除此之外,孔隙率还对冲击压历时曲线的形态有显著的影响。随着孔隙率的增大,冲击压历时曲线从丘状无峰变为单峰结构再改变为双峰结构,又从两峰相近改变为第一峰值明显大于第二峰值。
(2)当孔隙率相同但孔径大小改变时,最大冲击压会有细微的变化,冲击压强历时曲线的形态也有较为明显的变化。随着孔径的增大,最大冲击压略微增大,双峰现象更明显。
(3)在孔隙率对共振的影响中,共振条件下最大冲击压最低点出现在孔隙率为15%处。除此之外,孔隙率15%处于共振周期转换的时期,在此孔隙率左右共振周期的变化较为显著。当孔隙率较小时,共振周期出现在1.1 s附近;而当孔隙率较大时,共振周期出现在1.91 s附近,与无挡板状态下一阶固有频率对应的周期相近。
(4)横摇振幅也是影响共振周期的因素之一。振幅增大会对共振周期有影响,当振幅增大到0.05 rad时,共振周期改变到1.8 s附近。除此之外,随着振幅的增大,最大冲击压随之增大。
  • 江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20200729)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(42206168)
  • 水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金资助项目(2021nkms05)
  • 江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室(河海大学)开放基金项目(JSCE202303)
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2024年第28卷第9期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.007
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
基金
江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20200729)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(42206168)
水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金资助项目(2021nkms05)
江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室(河海大学)开放基金项目(JSCE202303)
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    1.南京师范大学 海洋科学与工程学院,南京 210046
    2.江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室(河海大学),南京 210098
    3.水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京 210029

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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