Article(id=1243879844300305232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710777600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774493665051, onlineDateStr=2026-03-26, pubDate=1726761600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774493665051, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774493665051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493665051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1243879841024553767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, year='2024', volume='28', issue='9', pageStart='1297', pageEnd='1462', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774493664270, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774493987725, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1243881197806404367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, issueId=1243879841024553767, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1451, endPage=1462, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1243879844644238173, articleId=1243879844300305232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1240685776644648972, language=EN, title=Sound insulation property of C-type sandwich panel for ships, columnId=1241023038381158513, journalTitle=Journal of Ship Mechanics, columnName=Hydro/Structural Acoustics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sandwich plates, as a new structure, have the advantages of strong design, light weight, high specific stiffness, good performance of vibration reduction and sound insulation, and have been used in various engineering structures. However, there are many types of sandwich structures, and it is difficult to theoretically analyze the sound insulation performance of complex sandwich structures. New approximate analysis methods are urgently needed. In this paper, based on the equivalent method of spring, torsion spring and concentrated mass, the sound-vibration coupling control equation of a C-type sandwich panel was established for the marine C-type sandwich panel. Using the spatial harmonic expansion method, the expression of the sound transmission loss of the C-shaped sandwich structure was derived. The influence of the system parameters of the sandwich panel on the sound insulation performance of the structure was discussed. The results show that the material properties and the thickness of the sandwich panel structure have greater influence on the sound insulation performance of the C-type sandwich panel structure. The finite element simulation was used to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.

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夹层板作为一种新型结构,具有设计性强、重量轻、比刚度高、减振隔声性能好等优点,已被应用于各种工程结构。然而,其夹层结构形式种类繁多,对复杂夹层结构的隔声性能进行理论分析比较困难,亟需开展新的近似分析方法。本文针对船用C型夹层板,基于弹簧、扭簧与集中质量的等效方法,建立C型夹层板的声振耦合控制方程,利用空间谐波展开法,推导C型夹层结构的传声损失表达式,讨论夹层板系统参数对结构隔声性能的影响规律。结果表明,材料属性与夹层板结构面板的厚度对C型夹层板结构隔声性能的影响较大。同时,通过有限元仿真,验证了理论分析的有效性。

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刘昆(1984-),男,博士,教授

房钰斌(1997-),男,硕士研究生

姜文安(1983-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

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船用C型夹层板隔声性能研究
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刘昆 1 , 房钰斌 1 , 姜文安 2 , 高宇 1
船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024,28(9): 1451-1462
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船舶力学 | 流体与结构声学 2024, 28(9): 1451-1462
船用C型夹层板隔声性能研究
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刘昆1, 房钰斌1, 姜文安2 , 高宇1
作者信息
  • 1.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003
  • 2.江苏大学 土木工程与力学学院,江苏 镇江 212013
  • 刘昆(1984-),男,博士,教授

    房钰斌(1997-),男,硕士研究生

    姜文安(1983-),男,博士,副教授,通讯作者,E-mail:

通讯作者:

通讯作者,E-mail:
Sound insulation property of C-type sandwich panel for ships
Kun LIU1, Yu-bin FANG1, Wen-an JIANG2 , Yu GAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  • 2.Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
出版时间: 2024-09-20 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.015
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夹层板作为一种新型结构,具有设计性强、重量轻、比刚度高、减振隔声性能好等优点,已被应用于各种工程结构。然而,其夹层结构形式种类繁多,对复杂夹层结构的隔声性能进行理论分析比较困难,亟需开展新的近似分析方法。本文针对船用C型夹层板,基于弹簧、扭簧与集中质量的等效方法,建立C型夹层板的声振耦合控制方程,利用空间谐波展开法,推导C型夹层结构的传声损失表达式,讨论夹层板系统参数对结构隔声性能的影响规律。结果表明,材料属性与夹层板结构面板的厚度对C型夹层板结构隔声性能的影响较大。同时,通过有限元仿真,验证了理论分析的有效性。

C型夹层板  /  空间谐波展开法  /  隔声  /  有限元法

Sandwich plates, as a new structure, have the advantages of strong design, light weight, high specific stiffness, good performance of vibration reduction and sound insulation, and have been used in various engineering structures. However, there are many types of sandwich structures, and it is difficult to theoretically analyze the sound insulation performance of complex sandwich structures. New approximate analysis methods are urgently needed. In this paper, based on the equivalent method of spring, torsion spring and concentrated mass, the sound-vibration coupling control equation of a C-type sandwich panel was established for the marine C-type sandwich panel. Using the spatial harmonic expansion method, the expression of the sound transmission loss of the C-shaped sandwich structure was derived. The influence of the system parameters of the sandwich panel on the sound insulation performance of the structure was discussed. The results show that the material properties and the thickness of the sandwich panel structure have greater influence on the sound insulation performance of the C-type sandwich panel structure. The finite element simulation was used to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.

C-type sandwich panel  /  space harmonic expansion method  /  sound insulation  /  FEM
刘昆, 房钰斌, 姜文安, 高宇. 船用C型夹层板隔声性能研究. 船舶力学, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1451 -1462 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.015
Kun LIU, Yu-bin FANG, Wen-an JIANG, Yu GAO. Sound insulation property of C-type sandwich panel for ships[J]. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2024 , 28 (9) : 1451 -1462 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.015
随着我国船舶行业的快速发展,关于舱室居住的舒适性问题已逐渐成为大众关注的焦点。船舶上的动力装置、螺旋桨等噪声源主要通过空气与船体结构将噪声传播到舱室,若船舶所用壁板结构的隔声和辐射声能力不满足要求,不仅会导致船上仪器损坏甚至危害到人体健康,因此寻求一种舱室壁板的替代结构来减弱甚至消除舱室内的噪音是非常重要的[1]
夹层板作为一种新型结构,由上下面板和中间芯层通过不同连接方式连接组成,由于其比刚度高、可设计性强、加工方便、抗冲击性能好和隔声性能好等优点,被广泛应用于各类交通工具的结构设计。许多学者对其进行了大量研究,包括夹层板结构的力学性能[2-4]、自由振动特性[5-7]等,同时也对不同形式夹层板的隔声性能做了大量研究。Wang等[8]针对面板为正交各向异性复合材料的蜂窝夹层板,使用Mindlin理论推导了考虑横向剪切变形条件下的夹层板运动控制微分方程,并利用阻抗法导出了结构的传声损失表达式,在使用实验方法验证理论有效性的基础上,研究了芯层剪切刚度、面板厚度等参数对结构声学性能的影响;李志宽等[9]通过三明治板理论将密排圆孔型蜂窝夹层板芯层等效为一正交各向异性板,同时建立了结构在四边简支边界条件下的声振耦合方程,求解了结构的隔声量,通过仿真技术验证了理论的可靠性,并分析了不同结构参数对结构声学性能的影响;Wen等[10]提出了一种具有封闭八面体芯层形式的新式夹层板结构(SPCOC),并分别使用数值仿真和实验方法研究了结构的隔声性能,通过仿真与实验结果的比较,验证了仿真技术的可靠性,最后通过与波纹芯夹层板结构的传声损失比较,发现新式结构在低频段具有良好的隔声性能;Wang等[11]针对中间芯层为平行加筋的夹层板,基于周期性结构理论,将平行加筋等效为弹簧、扭簧与集中质量的组合,通过空间谐波展开法建立了结构的传声损失理论模型,并将理论结果与现有实验结果比较,发现两者吻合较好;辛锋先等[12]基于Wang的工作通过钢簧的等效模型,研究了中间夹层为空气的双层板的隔声性能并与试验进行比较,验证了理论的有效性,同时进一步基于此理论研究了瓦楞式折叠夹层板的隔声性能。综上所述,针对夹层板结构,国内外已有大量关于蜂窝板及复合板隔声性能的研究成果,但对折叠式夹层板等新式结构的研究工作较少。
本文以船用C型折叠式夹层板为研究对象,首先基于弹簧、扭簧与集中质量的等效方法建立夹层板结构的等效模型;其次采用空间谐波展开法及虚功原理推导夹层板结构的传声损失表达式,用Matlab软件得到夹层板结构在斜入射声波下的传声损失曲线,通过声学仿真软件LMS Virtual.lab验证理论模型的有效性;最后用此近似理论系统地研究结构面板厚度、材料属性、面板间距、芯层加筋间距以及芯层加筋厚度对C型折叠式夹层板隔声性能的影响。
考虑船用C型折叠式夹层板(如图1所示)的隔声问题,当夹层板结构的上面板由入射区域声波引起振动时,该振动可以通过两种方式传递到夹层板的下面板:一种是通过芯层中周期性分布的C型加筋,另一种则是通过加筋与面板之间的空气区域。当上面板的振动通过这两种方式传递到下面板时,将引起下面板的振动,其声压辐射到透射区域,声音得以穿过夹层结构。
图2所示的无限大周期性C型夹层板结构及其等效模型为例,采用图中所示x轴与y轴为理论坐标系,当圆频率为ω的声波从入射区域以角度θ入射到夹层板结构上面板时,声波的一部分通过夹层板结构传播到透射区域,其余部分则被反射。假设夹层板结构的上下面板厚度分别为h1h2,上下面板间距为H,C型加筋间距为L,加筋厚度为t0。上下面板材料的弹性模量分别为E1E2,泊松比分别为ν1ν2,密度分别为ρ1ρ2,中间加筋材料的弹性模量为Ec,泊松比为νc,密度为ρc。以周期性分布的弹簧和扭簧组合来等效代替夹层板芯层的C型加筋,同时以分布在结构上下面板的集中质量来等效代替加筋质量,以此方式等效的弹簧抗拉刚度设为KF,等效抗扭弹簧的抗扭刚度设为KM,如图2所示。一般可通过理论、仿真与试验方法得到等效弹簧和扭簧的抗拉和抗扭刚度,本文主要通过对已有文献中直板的等效抗拉刚度公式[11]进行修正得到C板的等效抗拉刚度公式,再通过仿真技术对C板等效抗拉刚度公式进行系数上的修正最终得到C板等效抗拉刚度,公式如下:
式中,A = 0.02t0 + (πR2 - πr2)/2为C型截面面积,θ1为C板弯曲角度π,R为C板外圈半径,r为C板内圈半径,k为修正系数。经过与仿真的对比验证,最终确定修正系数k = 1/22.5,此公式只适用于改变加筋厚度时得到加筋等效抗拉刚度。由于在实际算例中,扭簧的抗扭刚度对计算结果几乎没有影响,所以此处没有给出扭簧的抗扭刚度。
假设夹层板的两侧面板为均质,则每单位周期长度面板的质量分别为m1m2,中间C型加筋的质量为2M。在上述假设下,图2(b)中所示的C型夹层板等效结构的振动控制方程[11]可以写成:
式中,Dii = 1,2)为平板抗弯刚度,在计及阻尼损耗因子的情况下,ηi为材料的阻尼损耗因子,wii = 1,2)为夹层板上下面板位移,ω为圆频率,ρ0为空气密度,Φii = 1,2,3)为声场的速度势能。
由于此理论适用的C型夹层板是周期性、无限大的结构,当结构受平面简谐波作用时,板周围声场可根据Flpoquet定理展开成一系列空间谐波叠加的形式,所以入射区域声场的速度势能[13]可以表示为
式中,I为入射区域声波速度势能的幅值,βn为反射声波速度势能的第n阶分量的幅值,kxky为波数,与入射角θ有关,可表示为
式中,k = ω/c0c0为声波在空气中的传播速度。
中间芯层空腔区域声场的速度势能可表示为
式中,εn为空腔域正行波速度势能的第n阶速度分量的幅值,ζn为空腔域负行波速度势能的第n阶速度分量的幅值。
透射区域声场速度势能可以表示为
式中,ξn为透射区域正行波速度势能第n阶分量的幅值,kyn为声波的谐波分量在y方向上的波数,可以表示为
而当时,
与声场速度势能同理,夹层板上下面板的运动可以用Mead和Pujara的方法表示为一系列空间谐波叠加的形式[13]
由于夹层板结构上下面板的法向振动速度与空气的速度在结构面板与空气相交处相等,因此可得出如下的连续性条件:
将式(3)~(8)代入连续性条件式(9)可得:
之后可由式(10)得:
式(11)中系数aini = 1,2)可以由虚功原理求得,而整个系统所做的虚功则为上下面板、平动弹簧、扭转弹簧以及集中质量所做虚功之和。假设系统的虚位移[14]
上下面板的运动控制微分方程可以写为
因此上下面板所做的虚功可以表示为
式中,mpii = 1,2)为上下面板每单位面积的质量,表示虚位移的复共轭。
平动弹簧所做的虚功可以表示为
扭转弹簧所做的虚功可以表示为
集中质量所做的虚功可以表示为
通过虚功原理联立方程:
最后可由式(18)得:
n = 3为例,式(19)可以写成矩阵形式:
式中,ABCD…等见附录A。
通过求解式(19),可得系数α1,nα2,n,进而可得系数βnεnςnξn,之后可以通过式(21)求得声波传播系数:
为了验证理论模型的合理性,本文在声学有限元软件LMS Virtual.lab中建立C型夹层板结构的有限元模型,同时进行直接声振耦合仿真分析。在使用声学软件LMS Virtual.lab计算时,对于线性有限元和边界元模型,通常要求单元长度小于1/6的波长[15]。由于本文所选的最高计算频率为5000 Hz,因此根据公式l = c0/6fmax(式中l代表单元长度,声音传播速度c0=340 m/s,fmax为计算的上限频率)可计算得到最大单元长度为11.3 mm,所以本文设单元长度为10 mm即可满足声学仿真分析时的精度要求。
为了使计算简单,同时也防止计算时间过长,本文将C型夹层板的上下面板和芯层加筋设置为相同的铝材料,材料的弹性模量E、密度ρ和泊松比ν则分别设为71 GPa、2660 kg/m3和0.3。C型夹层板结构的上下面板尺寸设为1 m×1 m,上下面板厚度h1=h2=20 mm,上下面板间距H=100 mm,C型加筋间距L=200 mm,C型加筋厚度t0=5 mm,C形加筋弯曲角度θ1=180°,入射声波角度θ=π/4。
因为无限大周期性夹层板声振耦合方程解的形式是由有限项空间谐波级数的和表示的,因此在计算中需要足够的项数来确保计算结果的收敛性。一般认为,当计算结果在所计算频段内收敛,则此结果对于小于该计算频率的所有频率都收敛[14]。因此在计算分析前,有必要先确定计算结果在计算频段内收敛的最小项数。若两个相邻计算结果之差的绝对值小于一定公差,则可以认为计算结果是收敛的。如图3所示,当级数项n取13及更大值时,传声损失是收敛的,所以在以下分析中,令级数项n = 13就可以保证计算结果满足收敛性和精度的要求。
图4给出了理论模型和仿真模拟的结果,从图中可以看出理论模型和仿真模拟的整体趋势较为吻合,从而验证了本文理论模型的准确性。
基于前文C型夹层板结构尺寸,保持C型夹层板结构面板的长宽不变,改变面板厚度、结构材料属性及芯层结构参数,研究其对C型夹层板传声损失的影响。
为了研究夹层板面板厚度对夹层板隔声性能的影响,保持其他参数不变只改变面板厚度t0,令t0分别为10 mm、20 mm、30 mm。图5为C型夹层板结构在不同面板厚度情况下的传声损失曲线。
图5可知,在计算频段10~5000 Hz范围内,夹层板结构的传声损失随着面板厚度的增大有着明显的提高,这是由于结构的整体刚度随着面板厚度的增加而增加,使得结构的传声损失增加。其中在低频段,隔声低谷随着面板厚度的增大有向低频移动的趋势,这是因为面板厚度增大引起结构质量增大的速度要快于结构刚度增大的速度,从而使结构的固有频率下降;而在中高频段,当板厚逐渐增加时,夹层板结构的隔声低谷有向高频移动的趋势,但隔声量增加趋势逐渐减缓,所以可根据需要适当选择面板厚度。
研究材料弹性模量对夹层板结构传声性能的影响,对夹层板结构在工程实际应用中具有很大意义。因此保持结构其他参数不变,只改变材料的弹性模量,令弹性模量E分别为71E9 Pa,71E10 Pa、71E11 Pa,对应的夹层板结构在面板不同弹性模量条件下的传声损失曲线如图6所示。
图6可以看出,在不同的弹性模量下,夹层板结构的传声损失曲线的变化趋势基本一致,但结构的隔声量随着材料弹性模量的增大而增大,同时结构在中高频段的隔声低谷也有向高频移动的趋势。这是因为夹层板的整体刚度也随着弹性模量的增大而增大,当入射区域侧面板由声波引起振动并传递到辐射区域侧面板时,由于夹层板整体刚度增大,辐射区域侧面板的振动位移会降低,因此辐射声功率也会降低,隔声性能较好。所以在其他参数不变的条件下,可适当选择弹性模量较高的材料。
在研究夹层板面板间距对隔声性能影响时,保持其他参数不变,只改变面板间距H,同时保持加筋刚度等其他参数不变,令H分别为100 mm、150 mm和200 mm。图7为C型夹层板结构在三种不同面板间距情况下的传声损失曲线。从图中可以看出,面板间距增大,C型夹层板结构隔声曲线也随之提升。这是因为面板间距增大提高了结构的整体刚度使得结构的隔声性能提升,结构波峰与波谷点处的隔声量随之提高,同时结构隔声曲线的波峰与波谷位置也在逐渐向高频移动,但在高频段,面板间距对结构隔声性能的影响将减弱,故在工程实际应用中,需综合考虑实际情况选择合适的面板间距。
在工程实际应用中,夹层板的加筋在减轻结构重量的同时也可增加结构的强度。此外,夹层板芯层加筋的间距还可影响夹层板结构的隔声性能,本文中令加筋间距L分别为0.2 m、1.2 m和2.2 m,图8为夹层板结构在三种不同加筋间距情况下的隔声量曲线。
图8可以看出,结构传声损失曲线的波峰与波谷数量随着加筋间距的增大而增多,结构在低频段时的隔声量也随着加筋间距的增大而增大。这是由于当加筋间距增大时,夹层板结构的耦合程度也会减弱,从而使从入射区域侧面板传递到辐射区域侧面板的能量减弱,使得夹层板结构隔声性能提高,同时由于进入质量控制区,加筋在相同间距的情况下,间距0.2 m的结构质量要高于加筋间距1.2 m与2.2 m时的结构质量,所以在一些频段范围内,加筋间距0.2 m的隔声量高于1.2 m及2.2 m时的结构隔声量,而在中高频段,结构传声损失的变化趋势趋于相同。
芯层加筋厚度是夹层板结构的重要参数,在研究加筋厚度对结构隔声性能的影响时,保持加筋刚度及其他结构参数不变,只改变加筋厚度t0,令t0分别为5 mm、10 mm和15 mm,相应计算结果如图9所示。从图中可以看出,在低频段内,加筋厚度对结构隔声性能的影响较大,隔声量随着加筋厚度的增大而增大且提升较明显,曲线的隔声低谷向高频移动的同时,波峰及波谷处的隔声量也在提高,而在中高频段,加筋厚度对结构隔声性能的影响逐渐减弱。
在研究夹层板芯层等效抗拉刚度对隔声性能影响时,保持其他参数不变,只改变芯层材料的弹性模量,令芯层弹性模量分别为71E9 Pa、14.2E10 Pa与21.3E10 Pa。图10为C型夹层板结构在三种不同芯层等效抗拉刚度情况下的传声损失曲线。从图中可以看出,在所考虑的频段范围内,随着芯层抗拉刚度的增大,结构的隔声量略有增加,但芯层抗拉刚度对结构隔声性能的影响主要集中于中高频,同时隔声曲线的峰谷部分的隔声量也略有提高。虽然结构在低频处于刚度控制区,但由于5 mm芯层厚度的刚度相对于结构的整体刚度影响不大,所以芯层刚度对结构在低频处的隔声性能影响不大。
本文将C型芯层等效为弹簧、扭簧与集中质量,利用空间谐波展开法推导了结构的传声损失表达式,得到了结构的传声损失,并与数值仿真结果进行比较,发现整体趋势较为吻合,因此可以验证理论模型的可行性。最后系统地研究了面板厚度、面板材料弹性模量、面板间距、加筋间距、加筋厚度以及加筋等效抗拉刚度对夹层板隔声性能的影响,得到以下结论:
(1)面板厚度对夹层板结构的隔声性能有着较大影响,随着面板厚度逐渐增加,传声损失曲线整体趋势上升。而在中高频段,隔声量增加趋势逐渐减缓,所以在考虑质量的前提下,可以适当增加板厚来提高结构的隔声性能。
(2)结构材料对夹层板隔声性能有较大影响。随着面板材料弹性模量的增大,结构的传声损失曲线整体趋势随之上升,材料弹性模量对结构隔声性能的影响较明显,因此可适当选择弹性模量较高的材料来提升结构的隔声性能。
(3)面板间距、芯层加筋间距、加筋厚度以及芯层等效抗拉刚度对结构在中低频段的隔声量影响较大,而在高频段内,其对结构的隔声性能影响不是很显著。所以可适当增大面板间距、芯层加筋间距、加筋厚度以及芯层的弹性模量以提高夹层板结构在中低频段的隔声能力。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52171311; 52271279)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7294.2024.09.015
  • 接收时间:2024-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-26
  • 出版时间:2024-09-20
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52171311; 52271279)
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    1.江苏科技大学 船舶与海洋工程学院,江苏 镇江 212003
    2.江苏大学 土木工程与力学学院,江苏 镇江 212013

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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